1.
Wichita, Kansas
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Wichita is the largest city in the state of Kansas and the 48th-largest city in the United States. Located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River, Wichita is the county seat of Sedgwick County, as of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was 382,368, as of 2014, it was estimated to have increased to 389,965. In 2015, the population of the Wichita metropolitan area was 644,610. The city began as a trading post on the Chisholm Trail in the 1860s and it subsequently became a key destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to access railroads, earning it the nickname Cowtown. In the 1920s and 1930s, businessmen and aeronautical engineers established a number of aircraft manufacturing companies in Wichita including Beechcraft, Cessna. The city transformed into a hub of U. S. aircraft production, in 1937, the city of Wichita established their official flag. As an industrial hub and the largest city in the state, Wichita is a center of culture, media. It hosts several museums, theatres, parks, and entertainment venues. Several universities are located in the city including Wichita State University, the citys daily newspaper, The Wichita Eagle, has the highest circulation of any newspaper in Kansas, and the Wichita broadcast television market includes the western two-thirds of the state. Wichita is also home to the Century II Performing Arts & Convention Center and Kansass largest airport, archaeological evidence indicates human habitation near the confluence of the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers, the site of present-day Wichita, as early as 3000 B. C. In 1541, a Spanish expedition led by explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado found the area populated by the Quivira, or Wichita, conflict with the Osage in the 1750s drove the Wichita further south. Prior to American settlement of the region, the site was located in the territory of the Kiowa, the Wichita returned in 1864 due to the American Civil War and established a settlement on the banks of the Little Arkansas. During this period, trader Jesse Chisholm established a trading post at the site, after the war, the Wichita permanently relocated south to Indian Territory. In 1868, trader James R. Mead established another trading post at the site, and surveyor Darius Munger built a house for use as a hotel, community center, Business opportunities attracted area hunters and traders, and a new settlement began to form. That summer, Mead and others organized the Wichita Town Company, in 1870, Munger and German immigrant William Dutch Bill Greiffenstein filed plats laying out the citys first streets. Wichita formally incorporated as a city on July 21,1870, Wichitas position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to access railroads which led to markets in eastern U. S. cities. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway reached the city in 1872, as a result, Wichita became a railhead for the cattle drives, earning it the nickname Cowtown. Across the Arkansas River, the town of Delano became an entertainment destination for cattlemen thanks to its saloons, brothels
2.
Kansas
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Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ is a U. S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribes name is said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous, tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. When it was opened to settlement by the U. S. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided. The abolitionists eventually prevailed, and on January 29,1861, after the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles is the 15th largest state by area and is the 34th most populous of the 50 United States with a population of 2,911,641, residents of Kansas are called Kansans, officially. Mount Sunflower is Kansass highest point at 4,041 feet, for a millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, in 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, from 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state, the Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30,1854, establishing the U. S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery, the secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29,1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature and his application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record
3.
Game show host
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A game show host is an individual who manages a game show, introduces contestants, and asks quiz questions to test the knowledge of said contestants. In 1938, Freddie Grisewood was the first game show host and he directed Spelling Bee, a fifteen-minute show that was broadcast in the United Kingdom over radio and television. In June 2014, Alex Trebek set a new record for hosting more episodes of a single television game show than anyone else in TV history
4.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
5.
Reality television
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It differs from documentary television in that the focus tends to be on drama, personal conflict, and entertainment rather than educating viewers. The genre has various standard tropes, including confessionals used by cast members to express their thoughts, an early example of the genre was the 1991 Dutch series Nummer 28, which was the first show to bring together strangers and record their interactions. It then exploded as a phenomenon in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the success of the series Survivor, Idols. These shows and a number of others became global franchises, spawning local versions in dozens of countries, Reality television as a whole has become a fixture of television programming. There are grey areas around what is classified as reality television, Reality television has faced significant criticism since its rise in popularity. Much of the criticism has centered on the use of the word reality, Television formats portraying ordinary people in unscripted situations are almost as old as the television medium itself. Precedents for television that portrayed people in unscripted situations began in the late 1940s, queen for a Day was an early example of reality-based television. The 1946 television game show Cash and Carry sometimes featured contestants performing stunts, debuting in 1948, Allen Funts hidden camera show Candid Camera broadcast unsuspecting ordinary people reacting to pranks. In 1948, talent search shows Ted Macks Original Amateur Hour and Arthur Godfreys Talent Scouts featured amateur competitors, in the 1950s, game shows Beat the Clock and Truth or Consequences involved contestants in wacky competitions, stunts, and practical jokes. Confession was a show which aired from June 1958 to January 1959. The radio series Nightwatch tape-recorded the daily activities of Culver City, the series You Asked for It incorporated audience involvement by basing episodes around requests sent in by postcard from viewers. First broadcast in the United Kingdom in 1964, the Granada Television documentary Seven Up, broadcast interviews with a dozen ordinary 7-year-olds from a broad cross-section of society and inquired about their reactions to everyday life. Every seven years, a film documented the life of the same individuals during the period, titled the Up Series, episodes include 7 Plus Seven,21 Up. The program was structured as a series of interviews with no element of plot, however, it did have the then-new effect of turning ordinary people into celebrities. The first reality show in the modern sense may have been the series The American Sportsman, Another precursor may be considered Mutual of Omahas Wild Kingdom which aired from 1963 through 1988. This show featured zoologist Marlin Perkins traveling across the globe and illustrating the variety of animal life on the planet. Though mostly a travelogue, it was popular in syndication and new episodes were produced through the eighties. The 12-part 1973 PBS series An American Family showed a nuclear family going through a divorce, unlike many later reality shows, it was more or less documentary in purpose and style
6.
Survivor (U.S. TV series)
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The American series premiered on May 31,2000, on CBS. It is hosted by television personality Jeff Probst, who is also an executive producer, the show maroons a group of strangers in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination, the American version has been very successful. From the 2000–01 through the 2005–06 television seasons, its first eleven seasons rated amongst the top ten most watched shows, Jeff Probst won the award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program four consecutive times after the award was introduced in 2008. In 2007, the series was included in Time magazines list of the 100 greatest TV shows of all-time, in 2013, TV Guide ranked it at #39 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. The series was renewed for a 34th season, Survivor, Game Changers, the series has been renewed through the 2017–18 television season. The first U. S. season of Survivor followed the general format as the Swedish series. Sixteen or more players are split between two or more tribes, are taken to an isolated location and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days. Once about half the players are remaining, the tribes are merged into a single tribe, most players that are voted out at this stage form the games jury. Once down to two or three people, a final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the jury members, the jury then votes for which player should be considered the Sole Survivor and win the shows grand prize. In all seasons for the United States version, this has included a $1 million prize in addition to the Sole Survivor title, some seasons have included additional prizes, the United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, the first season was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with Survivor, Africa, there have two seasons aired during each U. S. television season. In the first season, there was a 75-person crew, by season 22, the crew had grown to 325 people. There have been a total of 498 contestants that have competed on Survivors 33 seasons, the original idea of Survivor was developed by Charlie Parsons in 1994 under the name Castaway. Parsons formed Planet24 with Bob Geldof to produce the show and tried to have the BBC broadcast it, Parsons went to Swedish television and was able to find a broadcaster, ultimately producing Expedition Robinson in 1997. The show was a success, and plans for international versions were made, Mark Burnett intended to be the person to bring the show to the United States, though he recognized that the Swedish version was a bit crude and mean-spirited. Burnett retooled the concept to use better production values, based on his prior Eco-Challenge show, Burnett spent about a year trying to find a broadcaster that would take the show, retooling the concept based on feedback
7.
The Jeff Probst Show
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The Jeff Probst Show was an American syndicated talk show hosted by Survivor host Jeff Probst, who also served as an executive producer. The hour-long program debuted on September 10,2012, on February 13,2013, CBS Television Distribution announced the cancellation of The Jeff Probst Show after only one season. Despite the series finale airing May 22,2013, unaired episodes were aired during the summer, the program follows the same general interest format platform as Anderson Live, Katie and The Ricki Lake Show, the latter two debuted at the same time as Probsts. Each hour long episode centered on a topic, guests and audience members attempt to find common ground. On January 14,2013, former The Facts of Life star and Survivor, originally referred to as Guys on the Couch, the On The Couch segment consists of a panel of guests taking questions from the audience or discussing current odd news topics. Jeff will randomly initiate an Ambush Adventure when he asks a guest on the show or a member to take a step outside their comfort zone. Prior to knowing what the Ambush Adventure is, the participant must say yes, once the participant agrees to the Ambush Adventure, they find out the adventure. Global has picked up the program for Canada, and debuted it on September 11,2012, the series has moved from an afternoon time slot to a late night. It airs in Singapore at 2pm Weekdays on MediaCorp Channel 5, in South Africa, the show airs weekdays at 6pm on SABC3. Official website The Jeff Probst Show at the Internet Movie Database
8.
CBS Television Distribution
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The current president is Paul Franklin. CBS also handles the TV rights to much of its own theatrical films, the company formerly distributed the film libraries from Paramount Pictures and Republic Pictures, among others. The company is responsible for international television distribution rights to series by Rysher Entertainment including certain HBO series through its CBS Studios International division. These distribution rights are now held by NBCUniversal Television Distribution and Trifecta Entertainment & Media, until May 2009, CTD distributed the Paramount Pictures library on television. By then, CBS also dropped the name Paramount from television for good, Paramount has also joined up with Trifecta. The current moniker for CTDs overseas distribution arm is CBS Studios International and its predecessors were CBS Broadcast International and CBS Paramount International Television. In 2012, CBS Television Distribution ceased to be an entity, becoming a division of CBS Studios
9.
Bellevue, Washington
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Bellevue is a city in the Eastside region of King County, Washington, United States, across Lake Washington from Seattle. As the third-largest city in the Seattle metropolitan area, Bellevue has variously been characterized as an edge city, the city had a population of 122,363 at the 2010 census. Prior to 2008, downtown Bellevue underwent rapid change, with high rise projects under construction. The downtown area is currently the second largest city center in Washington state with 1,300 businesses,45,000 employees and 10,200 residents, based on per capita income, Bellevue is the 6th wealthiest of 522 communities in the state of Washington. In 2008, Bellevue was named number 1 in CNNMoneys list of the best places to live and launch a business, in 2014, Bellevue was ranked as the 2nd best place to live by USA Today. More than 145 companies have located in Bellevue. Current companies with headquarters in Bellevue include Expedia and T-Mobile, the name Bellevue is French for beautiful view. Bellevue was settled in 1869 by William Meydenbauer and Aaron Mercer, prior to the opening of the Lake Washington Floating Bridge in 1940, Bellevue was a rural area with little development. Although it was small, developers were pushing to change that, in the 1920s and he envisioned plans that included the bridging of Lake Washington and an area filled with golf courses and airports. His map with these visions was published in 1928, once the Murrow Memorial Bridge opened, access from Seattle improved, and the area gradually grew into a bedroom community. After the Japanese Internment began in 1942 a large quantity of land was available for development. This made way for the development of the Bellevue downtown area. Bellevue incorporated as a third city on March 21,1953. Following the 1963 opening of a bridge across the lake, the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge. It has since become one of the largest cities in the state, with several structures in its core. The city experienced a boom during the mid 2000s, with the building of developments such as Lincoln Square. Reflective of Bellevues growth over the years is Bellevue Square, now one of the largest shopping centers in the region, opened in 1946, the mall underwent a significant expansion in the 1980s. Patterned after what many civic leaders consider the successful redevelopment of the downtown core, Bellevue is located at 47°36′N 122°12′W
10.
Seattle Pacific University
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It became the Seattle Seminary and College in 1913, adopting the name Seattle Pacific College in 1915, and took its present moniker in 1977. Seattle Pacific University is a member of the Christian College Consortium, Seattle Pacific is the only private university in the Pacific Northwest to make the 2017 U. S. News and World Report’s Best National Universities list. SPU joins the University of Washington and Washington State University as the three institutions from Washington state named to the magazine’s list. The university sits on a 43-acre campus at the end of Queen Anne Hill, near the Fremont neighborhood. Many of the trees on the campus central Tiffany Loop are among the oldest in the city, notable buildings on the Seattle campus include, Named after the first president of Seattle Pacific University, Alexander Beers, this four-story brick building is home to the School of Theology. The founders first name, Alexander, was used as the board did not want a building on campus called Beers Hall, the building also houses the Sociology and History departments within the College of Arts and Sciences. Alexander Hall is the oldest building on campus, and at the time of the Universitys founding was the building on campus. A6.2 million dollar seismic retrofitting and renovation of the office space. Next door to Alexander is the performing arts space on campus. Administrative offices, including the offices of the president and provost, are located in Demaray. The building is named for Calvin Dorr Demaray, president of SPU from 1959-1968 and pastor of First Free Methodist Church, the clocktower in front of Demaray Hall was given to Seattle Pacific University by the class of 1966. The cast-stone relief panels depict various areas of study, the physical sciences and its symbols are drawn from American Pima, Arabic, Aztec, Babylonian, Egyptian and Greek cultures. Gwinn Commons is home to three different points of interest, the Crossroads at Gwinn Commons is the main dining hall on campus. Upstairs is the main, multi-use location. A pair of rooms, the Queen Anne Room and the Cascade Room can each hold up to 500 people. Multiple functions are held in Upper Gwinn, ranging from Group, admissions events, lectures, board meetings, the Presidents Dining room is also located here. In addition there is the Corner Place Market, or C-Store, wells Gwinn, for whom the dining facility is named, served 32 years on the Seattle Pacific Board of Trustees. The Ames Library was completed in 1994, Housing over 250,000 volumes and 1,300 print periodicals, it grows by 6,000 new titles a year
11.
Boeing
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The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, and satellites worldwide. The company also provides leasing and product support services, Boeing stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The Boeing Companys corporate headquarters are located in Chicago and the company is led by President, Boeing is organized into five primary divisions, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Boeing Defense, Space & Security, Engineering, Operations & Technology, Boeing Capital, and Boeing Shared Services Group. Boeing bought Heaths shipyard in Seattle on the Duwamish River, which became his first airplane factory. Boeing was incorporated in Seattle by William Boeing, on July 15,1916, Boeing was later incorporated in Delaware, the original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on July 19,1934. Boeing, who studied at Yale University, worked initially in the timber industry and this knowledge proved invaluable in his subsequent design and assembly of airplanes. The company stayed in Seattle to take advantage of the supply of spruce wood. William Boeing founded his company a few months after the June 15 maiden flight of one of the two B&W seaplanes built with the assistance of George Conrad Westervelt, a U. S. Navy engineer. Boeing and Westervelt decided to build the B&W seaplane after having flown in a Curtiss aircraft, Boeing bought a Glenn Martin Flying Birdcage seaplane and was taught to fly by Glenn Martin himself. Boeing soon crashed the Birdcage and when Martin informed Boeing that replacement parts would not become available for months, Westervelt agreed to build a better airplane and soon produced the B&W Seaplane. This first Boeing airplane was assembled in a hangar located on the northeast shore of Seattles Lake Union. Many of Boeings early planes were seaplanes, on April 6,1917, the U. S. declared War on Germany and later in the year entered World War I. On May 9,1917, the became the Boeing Airplane Company. With the U. S. entering the war, Boeing knew that the U. S. Navy needed seaplanes for training, so Boeing shipped two new Model Cs to Pensacola, Florida, where the planes were flown for the Navy. The Navy liked the Model C and ordered 50 more, the company moved its operations to a larger former shipbuilding facility known as Boeing Plant 1, located on the lower Duwamish River, Washington state. Others, including Boeing, started selling other products, Boeing built dressers, counters, and furniture, along with flat-bottom boats called Sea Sleds. In 1919 the Boeing B-1, flying boat made its first flight and it accommodated one pilot and two passengers and some mail. Over the course of eight years, it made international airmail flights from Seattle to Victoria, on May 24,1920, the Boeing Model 8 made its first flight
12.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
13.
Marketing
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Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is used to create the customer, to keep the customer, with the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that Marketing is one of the premier components of Business Management - the other being Innovation. Other services and management activities such as Operations, Human Resources, Accounting, Law, the term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably, a similar concept is the value-based marketing which states the role of marketing to contribute to increasing shareholder value. Marketing practice tended to be seen as an industry in the past. The overall process starts with marketing research and goes through market segmentation, business planning and execution, ending with pre and it is also related to many of the creative arts. The marketing literature is also adept at re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times, the term marketing concept pertains to the fundamental premise of modern marketing. This concept proposes that in order to satisfy its organizational objectives, Marketing and marketing concepts are directly related. An orientation, in the context, relates to a perception or attitude a firm holds towards its product or service. There exist several common orientations, A firm employing a product orientation is chiefly concerned with the quality of its own product, a firm would also assume that as long as its product was of a high standard, people would buy and consume the product. A firm using a sales orientation focuses primarily on the selling/promotion of a particular product, consequently, this entails simply selling an already existing product, and using promotion techniques to attain the highest sales possible. Such an orientation may suit scenarios in which a firm holds dead stock, or otherwise sells a product that is in high demand, a firm focusing on a production orientation specializes in producing as much as possible of a given product or service. Thus, this signifies a firm exploiting economies of scale, until the minimum efficient scale is reached, a production orientation may be deployed when a high demand for a product or service exists, coupled with a good certainty that consumer tastes do not rapidly alter. The marketing orientation is perhaps the most common used in contemporary marketing. It involves a firm essentially basing its marketing plans around the marketing concept, the marketing orientation often has three prime facets, which are, A firm in the market economy can survive by producing goods that persons are willing and able to buy. Consequently, ascertaining consumer demand is vital for a firms future viability, in this sense, a firms marketing department is often seen as of prime importance within the functional level of an organization. Information from a marketing department would be used to guide the actions of other departments within the firm. As an example, a department could ascertain that consumers desired a new type of product
14.
Videotape
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Videotape is magnetic tape used for storing video and usually sound in addition. Information stored can be in the form of either a signal or digital signal. Videotape is used in video tape recorders or, more commonly, videocassette recorders and camcorders. Videotapes are also used for storing scientific or medical data, such as the produced by an electrocardiogram. Tape is a method of storing information and thus imposes delays to access a portion of the tape that is not already under the heads. The early 2000s saw the introduction and rise to prominence of high quality video recording media such as hard disks. Since then, videotape has been relegated to archival and similar uses. The electronics division of entertainer Bing Crosbys production company, Bing Crosby Enterprises, overall the picture quality was still considered inferior to the best kinescope recordings on film. Bing Crosby Enterprises hoped to have a version available in 1954. The BBC experimented from 1952 to 1958 with a high-speed linear videotape system called VERA and it used half-inch tape traveling at 200 inches per second. RCA demonstrated the magnetic recording of both black-and-white and color television programs at its Princeton laboratories on December 1,1953. The high-speed longitudinal tape system, called Simplex, in development since 1951, could record, the color system used half-inch tape to record five tracks, one each for red, blue, green, synchronization, and audio. The black-and-white system used quarter-inch tape with two tracks, one for video and one for audio, both systems ran at 360 inches per second. RCA-owned NBC first used it on The Jonathan Winters Show on October 23,1956 when a song sequence by Dorothy Collins in color was included in the otherwise live television program. BCE demonstrated a color system in February 1955 using a longitudinal recording on half-inch tape. CBS, RCAs competitor, was about to order BCE machines when Ampex introduced the superior Quadruplex system, BCE was acquired by 3M Company in 1956. Quad employed a transverse four-head system on a tape. On January 22,1957, the NBC Television game show Truth or Consequences, produced in Hollywood, Ampex introduced a color videotape recorder in 1958 in a cross-licensing agreement with RCA, whose engineers had developed it from an Ampex black-and-white recorder
15.
FX (TV channel)
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FX is an American basic cable and satellite television channel launched on June 1,1994, based in Los Angeles, California and owned by 21st Century Fox through FX Networks, LLC. FXs programming primarily includes original drama and comedy series, and reruns of theatrical films, as of July 2015, FX is available to approximately 94,006,000 pay television households in the United States. In addition to the flagship U. S. network, the FX name is licensed to a number of related pay television channels in various countries around the world, FX, originally stylized as fX, launched on June 1,1994. Broadcasting from an apartment in Manhattans Flatiron District, fX was one of the first forays into large-scale interactive television. FX had two taglines during this period, TV Made Fresh Daily and The Worlds First Living Television Network, the live shows were each mostly focused on one broad topic. Shows included Personal fX, The Pet Department, Under Scrutiny with Jane Wallace, other notable fX personalities included Karyn Bryant and Orlando Jones, who were panelists on Sound fX. The channel prided itself on its interactivity with viewers, FX, in 1994, was an early adopter of the internet, embracing e-mail and the World Wide Web as methods of feedback. Select viewers were allowed to spend a day at the apartment, the first incarnation of fX was not available on Time Warner Cable, one of the major cable systems in New York City, where its programming originated. TWC would not carry the channel until September 2001, the live shows gradually disappeared one by one until only Personal fX remained. Breakfast Time was moved to the Fox network and renamed Fox After Breakfast in mid-1996 and it underwent several format changes, but never found a substantial audience and was canceled less than a year later. By the time that all programming was dropped, the channel focused entirely on its classic television shows until its relaunch in mid-1997. Personal fX remained on the refocused FX until May 1,1998, FX vacated the apartment in the summer of 1998 and the channels operations were streamlined with the other Fox-owned cable channels. In early 1997, fX was relaunched as FX, Fox Gone Cable, during the first few years after its relaunch, FX was known for little else than airing reruns of such Fox shows as The X-Files and Married. With Children, as well as 20th Century Fox-produced shows such as M*A*S*H, the channel also added Major League Baseball games to its lineup at that time, and eventually expanded its sports programming to include NASCAR races in 2001. In the summer of 1998, FX debuted three original series, Bobcats Big Ass Show, Instant Comedy with the Groundlings and Penn & Tellers Sin City Spectacular, all three series were cancelled the following year. Soon after its relaunch, the Fox Gone Cable tagline was dropped, by 1999, new original programs were added with the debut of shows such as Son of the Beach and The X Show. Beginning in 2002, the channel emerged as a force in original cable programming, gaining both acclaim and notoriety for edgy dramas. That year, FX debuted the police drama The Shield, which became a breakout hit, both shows were lauded by critics, and achieved equal success with viewers
16.
Orlando Jones
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Orlando Jones is an American comedian and film and television actor. He is notable for being one of the original cast members of the comedy series MADtv. Jones was born in Mobile, Alabama on April 10,1968 and his father was a former professional baseball player for the Philadelphia Phillies. He moved to Mauldin, South Carolina, when he was a teen, One of his early acting experiences involved playing a werewolf in a haunted house to help raise money for the junior/senior prom. Jones enrolled in the College of Charleston, South Carolina and he left in 1990 without finishing his degree. To pursue his interest in the entertainment industry, Jones, together with comedian Michael Fechter, formed a company, Homeboys Productions. Together Jones and Fechter worked on projects including a McDonalds commercial with basketball superstar Michael Jordan for the McDonalds specialty sandwich the McJordan. He scored his first Hollywood job in 1987, writing for the NBC comedy A Different World, during 1991-92, Jones penned the Fox series Roc and, in 1993, he co-produced The Sinbad Show. He also made a appearance on the FOX sitcom Hermans Head in 1992. After hosting Foxs music series Sound FX, in 1994, Jones became one of the nine cast members of MADtv. Unlike some of his fellow original repertory performers on MADtv, Jones came to the show with limited sketch comedy experience, however, his comedy writing and television producing skills proved to be valuable to the early success of the show. Throughout Seasons One and Two of MADtv, Jones produced characters like the Cabana Chat band leader Dexter St. Croix and Reverend LaMont Nixon Fatback, the vocal follower of Christopher Walken. He was also noted for his impressions of Thomas Mikal Ford, Temuera Morrison, Warwick Davis, Danny DeVito, Michael Jai White, Eddie Griffin, after two seasons on MADtv, Jones left the show at the end of its second season to pursue a movie career. However, Jones returned to MADtv in 2004 to celebrate its 200th episode, with his guest appearance, Jon Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance was not in the form of a sitcom or television drama, in 2000, Jones became the spokesperson for 7 Up and he gained wide recognition. This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones, First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003, Jones was given his own late night talk show on FX called The Orlando Jones Show. Although his talk show was short lived, Jones continued to make television appearances. In 2003, he appeared on The Bernie Mac Show and on Girlfriends, in 2006, Jones decided to return to television as one of the lead characters of ABCs crime drama The Evidence, as Cayman Bishop
17.
VH1
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VH1 is an American cable television network based in New York City that is owned by the Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of Viacom Media Networks. The channel was first launched on January 1,1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting Systems short-lived Cable Music Channel and it was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and the original owner of MTV. As of February 2015, approximately 92.6 million US households receive VH1, also frequently featured in the networks early years were videos for Motown and other 60s oldies consisting of newsreel and concert footage. It was introduced on January 1,1985 with the performance of The Star-Spangled Banner by Marvin Gaye. From the start, Video Hits One was branded as a version of its sister/parent channel. It played more jazz and R&B artists than MTV and had a rotation of urban-contemporary performers. Its early on-camera personalities were New York radio veterans Don Imus, Frankie Crocker, Scott Shannon, Jon Bauman, Bobby Rivers, later VJs included Tim Byrd of WPIX-FM, a station whose eclectic ballad-and-R&B oriented format mirrored that of VH-1, and Alison Steele. Rosie ODonnell later joined the outlets veejay lineup, ODonnell would also host a comedy show featuring various comedians each episode. The format left room for occasional ad-libs by the VJ, a godsend for emcees such as Imus, in true Imus style, he used a 1985 segment of his VH-1 show to jokingly call smooth-jazz icon Sade Adu a grape for her oval-shaped head. At first many different musicians guest-hosted the program, but eventually musician/songwriter Ben Sidran became the permanent host, new-Age music videos continued to play on the channel into the 1990s. They would be seen on the Sunday morning 2-hour music video block titled Sunday Brunch, once VH1 established itself a few years later, they catered to Top 40, adult contemporary, classic rock, and 1980s mainstream pop. For a time, even music videos aired in a one-hour block during the afternoons. They started out using MTVs famous Kabel typeface font for their music video credit tags and it was later replaced in 1991 by a larger font, with the year the video was made added to the lower column that identified the label on which the album was released. In 1993, the name of the director was included at the bottom of the credits. Every week, the Top 21 Video Countdown usually had a different guest host, occasionally, they had themed countdowns as well, such as Elvira hosting scary videos for Halloween in 1991. Long blocks of videos by a particular artist or band, theme. One popular weekend program was called Video Rewind, in blocks of 1980s videos from one particular year would play for an hour. There was also a short-lived hour-long program called By Request in which viewers could call a 1–900 hotline number to request their videos, also in 1991, a popular morning program was introduced called Hits News & Weather that ran from 7 AM to 9 AM ET
18.
Access Hollywood
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Access Hollywood is an American weekday television entertainment news program that premiered on September 9,1996. It covers events and celebrities in the entertainment industry and it was created by former Entertainment Tonight executive producer Jim Van Messel, and is currently produced by Robert Silverstein and directed by Richard Plotkin. In previous years, Doug Dougherty, Christopher A. Berry, Access Hollywood primarily focuses on news in the music, television, and film industries. Access Hollywood has been syndicated in the United States since September 9,1996. It was previously produced by NBC Studios and has changed distributors over the years, first with New World/Genesis Distribution, then 20th Television, Television Distribution, and then to NBC Enterprises when the network started up its own syndication division. Today, NBCUniversal Television Distribution, in association with NBCs owned-and-operated station KNBC has been responsible for its production and distribution since 2004. Warner Bros. continues its involvement with the program, now being responsible for ad sales for Access Hollywood. On September 7,2010, Access Hollywood began broadcasting in high definition, on May 1,2012, NBCUniversal Television Distribution announced it would renew Access Hollywood for three additional years through the 2014-15 season. In Case You Missed It, a recap of the previous night/weekend in pop culture, including film, television, watch This, suggestion segment of films and shows to watch by the shows correspondents and critics. The Final 45, a closing segment with a quick rundown of the days news. Access Express, a segment matching the defunct Entertainment Tonight segment Real or Rumor. where stories are confirmed or debunked, in 2005, Access Hollywood went on a month-long roadtrip called Access Across America while the studio underwent a major overhaul. The shows new set was done in colors with a modern flair, separating its look from other similar shows. The new look included a brand-new graphics package. Access Hollywood is taped at Studio 1 at The Burbank Studios in Burbank, the program has had some short-lived spinoffs in the last few years, including AMC Access for the AMC channel, and Real Access for The N and Nickelodeon. The network most recently produced the African-American oriented TV One Access for the TV One cable channel, the programs formerly did entertainment segments for NBCs cable news channel titled Access MSNBC, though these have been withdrawn as MSNBCs news coverage has become mainly political. A spinoff of Access Hollywood, called Access Hollywood Live, debuted on September 13,2010 in high definition, the daytime talk show, hosted by Natalie Morales and Kit Hoover, features entertainment news stories and in-studio guests. Access Hollywood Live was originally recorded at NBC Studios in Burbank, the show currently airs in two locations,10 Universal City Plaza in Universal City, California starting in June 2015 and at Studio 1A in Rockefeller Center, in New York City. The United Kingdom version began in 2003 hosted by Kate Garraway, there was a short-lived national version for the Republic of Ireland on the TV3 Groups defunct Channel 6 hosted by Jenny Buckley from 2006
19.
Finder's Fee
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Finders Fee is a 2001 American film directed by Jeff Probst from his original screenplay. The film takes place over the course of a single evening, tepper, played by Erik Palladino, finds a wallet on his way home from work. He contacts the owner of the wallet by telephone, and then discovers that the wallet contains the winning ticket in a $6 million lottery. Complications arise when Teppers friends come over for their regular poker night, one of the conditions of the game is that everyone purchase a ticket for the lottery, to be thrown into the pot. The game is played as a freezeout, with the winner collecting all the tickets, when the owner of the wallet, played by James Earl Jones, arrives, he realizes that the winning ticket is in the pot, and stays to play in the game. The film received positive reviews from critics. The film holds a 60% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a Certified Fresh rating with a score of 60% based on reviews from 5 critics. Finders Fee won the Golden Space Needle Award, given to the choice for Best Picture at the 2001 Seattle International Film Festival. Jeff Probst won the Best Screenplay at the 2001 Method Fest Independent Film Festival, James Earl Jones won Best Actor in a DVD Premiere Movie at the 2003 DVDX Awards. Finders Fee at the Internet Movie Database
20.
People (magazine)
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People is an American weekly magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. With a readership of 46.6 million adults, People has the largest audience of any American magazine, People had $997 million in advertising revenue in 2011, the highest advertising revenue of any American magazine. In 2006, it had a circulation of 3.75 million and it was named Magazine of the Year by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Ages annual A-list and #3 on Adweeks Brand Blazers list in October 2006, the magazine runs a roughly 50/50 mix of celebrity and human-interest articles. Peoples website, People. com, focuses on celebrity news, in February 2015, the website broke a new record,72 million unique visitors. People is perhaps best known for its special issues naming the Worlds Most Beautiful, Best & Worst Dressed. The magazines headquarters are in New York and it maintains editorial bureaus in Los Angeles, for economic reasons it closed bureaus in Austin, Miami, and Chicago in 2006. In December 2016, LaTavia Roberson engaged in a feud with People after alleging they misquoted and misrepresented her interview online. The concept for People has been attributed to Andrew Heiskell, Time Inc. s chief executive officer at the time, the founding managing editor of People was Richard B. Stolley, an assistant managing editor at Life and the journalist who acquired the Zapruder tapes of the John F. Kennedy assassination for Time Inc. in 1963. Peoples first publisher was Richard J. Durrell, another Time Inc. veteran, Stolley characterized the magazine as getting back to the people who are causing the news and who are caught up in it, or deserve to be in it. Our focus is on people, not issues, stolleys almost religious determination to keep the magazine people-focused contributed significantly to its rapid early success. It is said that although Time Inc. pumped an estimated $40 million into the venture, initially, the magazine was sold primarily on newsstands and in supermarkets. To get the magazine out each week, founding staff members regularly slept on the floor of their offices two or three nights each week and severely limited all non-essential outside engagements. The premier edition for the week ending March 4,1974 featured actress Mia Farrow, then starring in the movie The Great Gatsby and that issue also featured stories on Gloria Vanderbilt, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and the wives of U. S. Vietnam veterans who were Missing In Action, the magazine was, apart from its cover, printed in black-and-white. The initial cover price was 35 cents, the core of the small founding editorial team included other editors, writers, photographers and photo editors from Life magazine, which had ceased publication just 13 months earlier. This group included managing editor Stolley, senior editors Hal Wingo, Sam Angeloff and Robert Emmett Ginna, writers James Watters and Ronald B
21.
Jeopardy!
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Jeopardy. is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show features a competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers. The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30,1964, a weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, The All-New Jeopardy. Ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979, the current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10,1984, and is still airing, making it by far the programs most successful incarnation. Both NBC versions and the syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming. Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show, since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer. With over 7,000 episodes aired, the syndicated version of Jeopardy. has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award. In 2013, the program was ranked No.45 on TV Guides list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history, Jeopardy. has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries. The daily syndicated series 33rd season premiered on September 12,2016, three contestants each take their place behind a lectern, with the returning champion occupying the leftmost lectern. The contestants compete in a quiz game comprising three rounds, Jeopardy, the material for the questions covers a wide variety of topics, including history and current events, the sciences, the arts, popular culture, literature, and languages. Category titles often feature puns, wordplay, or shared themes, rounds each feature six categories, each of which contains five clues, which are ostensibly valued by difficulty. The dollar values of the clues increased over time, Series, clue values in the first round ranged from $10 to $50. They ranged from $25 to $125, the current series first round originally ranged from $100 to $500, and were doubled to $200 to $1,000 on November 26,2001. Specials, clues were valued in points rather than in dollars, round begins when the returning champion selects a clue, which may be from any position on the game board. The clue is revealed and read aloud by the host, after which any contestant may ring-in using a hand-held signaling device, the first contestant to ring-in successfully is prompted to provide a response to the clue, phrased in the form of a question. If the contestant responds correctly, the dollar value is added to the contestants score. An incorrect response, or a failure to respond within five seconds, deducts the clues value from the score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring-in. If no contestant responds correctly or does not know, the host gives the correct response, from the premiere of the original Jeopardy
22.
Mad TV
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Mad TV is an American comedy sketch television series originally inspired by Mad magazine. Its first TV broadcast was on October 14,1995, the one-hour show first-ran on Saturday nights on Fox, and was in syndication on Comedy Central. In Australia, the screens on satellite and cable TV channel The Comedy Channel and in late-night timeslots on free-to-air broadcaster the Nine Network. Mad TV was created by Fax Bahr and Adam Small, the series was originally produced by Bahr/Small Productions and Quincy Jones/David Salzman Entertainment. After Bahr and Small left the series at the end of the third season, the series was directed by Bruce Leddy, as well as David Grossman, and Amanda Bearse. On November 12,2008, Fox announced that Mad TVs 14th season would be its last, David Salzman said that he would be exploring the continuation of the show on another channel, possibly cable. In early 2009, the show was moved to air after Talkshow with Spike Feresten, the series finale aired on May 16,2009. The show was nominated for 35 Emmy awards, winning five, and was succeeded by an animated sketch comedy series, MAD. On December 11,2015, it was reported that the series would be returning for a special on The CW to celebrate the series 20th anniversary. A large portion of the original cast returned, on April 11,2016, The CW announced that it was reviving the show for an 8-episode season to air in primetime. On June 15,2016, the season was confirmed by The CW to begin airing July 26 at 9 p. m, Mad TV was taped in front of a live audience and consisted of sketches, cartoon shorts, and musical performances. Much of its comedy parodied popular television shows, movies and music, as well as topical, political, warner Home Video released The Complete First Season of Mad TV in 2004. However, due to sales, the release of the second season was cancelled. Mad TV, The Best of Seasons 8,9, and 10 was released in 2005, on November 5,2012, it was announced that Shout. Factory had acquired the rights to the series and they subsequently announced that they would release the second season on DVD on March 22,2013. The third season was released on June 25,2013 and the season was released on November 12,2013. Originally, reruns of Mad TV aired as 30-minute reruns on local TV stations, the cable channel TNN aired the first six seasons of Mad TV from 1999 to 2001. Comedy Central soon picked up the show after its package of Saturday Night Live reruns was acquired by the E
23.
Howard Stern
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Howard Allan Stern is an American radio and television personality, producer, author, actor, and photographer. He is best known for his radio show The Howard Stern Show, Stern has broadcast on Sirius XM Radio since 2006. Stern first wished to be on the radio at five years of age and he landed his first radio jobs while at Boston University. C. Stern worked afternoons at WNBC in New York City from 1982 until his firing in 1985. In 1985, Stern began a 20-year run at WXRK in New York City, his morning show entered syndication in 1986 and aired in 60 markets and attracted 20 million listeners at its peak. He became the most fined radio host when the Federal Communications Commission issued fines totaling $2.5 million to station owners for content it deemed indecent, Stern became one of the highest paid radio figures after signing a five-year deal with Sirius in 2004 worth $500 million. In recent years, Sterns photography has featured in Hamptons. From 2012 to 2015, he served as a judge on Americas Got Talent, Stern has described himself as King of All Media since 1992 for his successes outside radio. He hosted and produced numerous late night shows, pay-per-view events. His two books, Private Parts and Miss America, entered The New York Times Best Seller list at number one, the former was made into a biographical comedy film in 1997 that had Stern and his radio show staff star as themselves. It topped the US box office in its week and grossed 1 trillion dollars domestically. Stern performs on its soundtrack which charted the Billboard 200 at number one and was certified platinum for one million copies sold and his parents are Jewish, and their families are from Poland and Austria-Hungary. Ray was a clerk in New York City before she became a homemaker and later took up work as an inhalation therapist. Stern described his older sister Ellen as the complete opposite of himself, in 1955, the family moved to Roosevelt, New York on Long Island where Stern attended Washington-Rose Elementary School followed by Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School. Stern also attended Hebrew school where he was given the name Tzvi, as a youngster Stern took five years of piano lessons and took an interest in marionettes, using them to entertain his friends with explicit shows. He formed a band with two friends, the Electric Comicbook, on vocals and keyboards. From the age of nine to his year at university, Stern spent his summers at Camp Wel-Met, a youth camp in Narrowsburg, New York where he worked camper, kitchen. He recalled his time there as the greatest experience, Stern wished to be in radio at the age of five
24.
Mark Burnett
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Mark Burnett is a television and film producer and author and, since December 2015, president of MGM Television and Digital Group. He is a British expatriate in the United States and he has won ten Emmy Awards, five Producers Guild of America Awards, seven Critics Choice Television Awards, and six Peoples Choice Awards. Scripted shows that can be expected in the coming months include Condor, Get Shorty, Burnett additionally produced the cable miniseries The Bible and A. D. The Bible Continues, as well as the feature films Son of God, Little Boy, Burnett was born on 17 July 1960 in London, the only child of Archie and Jean Burnett, both Ford Motors factory workers, and was raised in Dagenham, Essex. His father was a Roman Catholic and his mother was a Presbyterian, aged 17, he enlisted in the British Army, and became a Section Commander in the Parachute Regiment. From 1978–82 he served with the 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment in C Company, in October 1982, Burnett emigrated to the United States, where his friend Nick Hill, who had emigrated from the UK several years earlier, was working as a nanny and chauffeur. Hill knew of a position for a live-in nanny with the Jaeger family in affluent Beverly Hills. Despite having no experience as a nanny, Burnett went on the interview, the Jaegers, realizing the advantage of having a nanny and security at the same time, hired him. After a year of working for the Jaegers, he moved on to family in the beach city of Malibu, California. He was eventually given a position in the insurance office owned by Burt, two years later, Burnett rented a portion of a fence at Venice Beach in Los Angeles, and sold T-shirts for $18 each during weekends. Realizing he made money selling T-shirts, he left his insurance job. In 1991, Burnett, and four others joined a French adventure competition, afterward, Burnett saw a business opportunity in holding similar competitions. He purchased the rights and brought a similar competition, Eco-Challenge. Eco-Challenge launched Burnetts career as a television producer, Burnett is best known for producing the hit reality show Survivor, which premiered in the summer of 2000 and was the most watched summer series since Sonny and Cher. Survivor was named the Number 1 reality series of all time by Entertainment Weekly in 2009, in 2004, NBC premiered the The Apprentice, a reality television series in which contestants competed for a job under real estate magnate Donald Trump. The Apprentice spawned numerous licensed international versions of the show, Burnett has produced several other television franchises including, Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader. He has maintained a presence in award show franchises, having produced the MTV Movie Awards, the annual Peoples Choice Awards, the Spike Video Game Awards. Burnett has produced more than 3,200 hours of programming which regularly airs in more than 70 countries
25.
TV Land
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TV Land is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. The network is headquartered at One Astor Plaza in New York City, as of July 2015, TV Land is available to approximately 91.432 million pay television households in the United States. TV Land launched on April 29,1996, as a 24-hour offshoot of Nickelodeons successful nighttime classic television block Nick at Nite, until the end of 1996, it was branded as Nick at Nites TV Land to provide reassurance to new viewers of who was behind the channel. Programs featured on the network during its year included Hill Street Blues, St. Elsewhere, The Ed Sullivan Show, Gunsmoke, That Girl. TV Land also initially ran a block of detective series every Saturday, including Honey West, Dog and Cat, Burkes Law, the 1981 Nero Wolfe series, shortly after TV Lands debut, MCA filed a lawsuit against Viacom. MCA claimed that the intention of TV Land was to compete directly with USA, Viacom claimed that the matter had already been settled when Sumner Redstone released Frank Biondi from his contract to let him work at MCA. The suit was settled when Viacom agreed to sell its 50% stake in USA Networks to MCA. In 1997, TV Land partnered with TV Guide for a feature in the magazine, in 1999, TV Land entered into a deal with Universal Television that allowed the channel to cherry-pick from a variety of series including Emergency. Kojak, and The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, in February 1999, according to Nielsen ratings data, TV Land averaged a 1.0 share during primetime, tying ESPN for 10th place among all cable networks. Its siblings, MTV and VH1, respectively tied for 17th and 26th place, TV Land celebrated its 10th anniversary on April 29,2006. The networks original continuity announcer was DJ Dan Ingram, Ingram was replaced by Harry Shearer, in 2008, TV Land added a three-hour block of infomercials to its morning lineup, airing Monday through Fridays from 6,00 to 9,00 a. m. Eastern Time. m. with reruns filling the 8,00 a. m. hour, in 2007, the network began adding series from the latter part of the 1980s and on in an effort to attract viewers in the 18 to 49 age demographic favored by advertisers. As such, TV Land no longer labels itself as a Classic TV network, the network began airing its first original programs in 2008 with the reality series High School Reunion and Shes Got the Look. Accompanying this strategy was a refresh of the graphic identity, which was designed and conceived by Trollback + Company. From October 2008 to 2011, the network ran a block that aired weeknights from 9,00 p. m. to 12,00 a. m. Eastern Time, called TV Land Prime, which depending on the featured the networks original series, movies or newer archive programming that TV Land was airing at the time. On November 23,2009, the changed its logo to a more simplified form, keeping the double-trapezoidal outline. An overhauled logo was introduced on May 8,2012, which not only features a design and different typeface
26.
Space Ghost Coast to Coast
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Space Ghost Coast to Coast is an American animated parody talk show, created by Mike Lazzo and hosted by the 1960s Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Space Ghost. Space Ghost Coast to Coast was considered to be the first fully produced Cartoon Network original series, the first two seasons were presented as a serious talk show with subdued jokes, while the later seasons relied more on surrealism, non-sequiturs, and parodies. In 2001, it moved to the late night television block Adult Swim. Space Ghost Coast to Coast used the show format as its template. Various celebrities appeared on the show as guests and they were shown on a TV screen next to Space Ghosts desk, and unlike the characters, they were not animated. In early episodes of the show, Space Ghost apparently believed his guests were other superheroes and his interactions with guests were almost always painfully awkward, and sometimes hostile. It was sometimes hard to tell if guests were aware of the nature of the program on which they were appearing and their answers often did not match the questions coming from Space Ghost, because the questions were changed after the interview. Space Ghosts relationship with his co-workers was even worse and his bandleader, an evil talking mantis named Zorak, and his director/producer, a red-helmeted lava man named Moltar, worked for Space Ghost as punishment for their crimes. They frequently disrupted the show and made no secret of the fact that they hated him, most episodes of Space Ghost Coast to Coast were about 15 minutes in length, although there were a few 30-minute episodes. Cartoon Network often aired two episodes back-to-back to make a 30-minute programming block, in the first few years of the show, Cartoon Network would show episodes of the original 1960s and 1980s Space Ghost cartoons after the 11-minute episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. In early seasons of the show, music was played by Zorak, the original theme song, Hit Single, was composed by free jazz guitarist Sonny Sharrock, performed by Sharrock on guitar, Lance Carter on drums, Eddie Horst on bass and Alfreda Gerald on vocals. Sharrock and Carter recorded a number of songs for the show, as a tribute to Sharrock, who died in May 1994 shortly after the show first aired, the episode Sharrock featured nearly fifteen minutes of unedited takes of music recorded for the show. Seasons 4–6 featured a new closing theme by Man or Astro-man. and in seasons the opening theme. Various other music was used as the theme song, including the CHiPs theme song for the episode titled CHiPs. An hour-long musical season finale for the 1998 season was planned, featuring the bands Yo La Tengo and Cornershop, Space Ghost Coast to Coast was created by Mike Lazzo after he was asked to create a cartoon to appeal to adults. The series premiered on April 15,1994, having aired initially at 11,00 pm ET on Friday nights, later, the program was moved to various late-night time slots, having usually been on weekends. In February 1995, an episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast was simulcast on Cartoon Network, TBS, in the special, Space Ghost interviewed a few of the new directors, while the Council of Doom were the judges of the cartoon clips. On September 2,2001, new episodes of the series, along with re-runs of the episodes, moved to Adult Swim
27.
Cartoon Network
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Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Time Warner through the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary. It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1,1992, the channel primarily broadcasts childrens shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy. It operates daily from 6,00 AM to 11,00 PM, a Spanish language audio track for select programs is accessible via second audio programing, some cable and satellite companies offer the Spanish feed as a separate channel. It is also the channel of Turner-owned Boomerang. As of January 2016, Cartoon Network is available to approximately 94.0 million pay television households in the United States, however, Turner kept much of MGMs film and television library made prior to May 1986 and formed Turner Entertainment. On October 3,1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, Turner Entertainment purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions for US $320 million, on February 18,1992, Turner Broadcasting System announced its plans to launch the Cartoon Network as an outlet for Turners considerable library of animation. Initial programming on the channel consisted exclusively of reruns of classic Warner Bros. cartoons, the 1933–1957 Popeye cartoons, MGM cartoons, at first, cable providers in New York City, Philadelphia, Washington D. C. and Detroit carried the channel. By the time the network launched, Cartoon Network had an 8, from its launch until 1995, the networks announcers said the networks name with the word The added before Cartoon Network, thus calling the network The Cartoon Network. By the time that the network debuted, Cartoon Network also operated a block that aired on TNT. Cartoon Network was not the first cable channel to have relied on cartoons to attract an audience, however, Turner Broadcasting System had defied conventional wisdom before by launching CNN, a channel providing 24-hour news coverage. Initially, the channel would broadcast cartoons 24 hours a day, late Night Black and White showed early black-and-white cartoons, and ToonHeads would show three shorts with a similar theme and provide trivia about the cartoons. There was also an afternoon block called High Noon Toons. The majority of the animation that was shown on Cartoon Network no longer air on a regular basis, with the exception of Tom and Jerry. A challenge for Cartoon Network was to overcome its low penetration of existing cable systems, when launched on October 1,1992, the channel was only carried by 233 cable systems. However, it benefited from package deals, New subscribers to sister channels TNT and TBS could also get access to Cartoon Network through such deals. The high ratings of Cartoon Network over the couple of years led to more cable systems including it. By the end of 1994, Cartoon Network had become the fifth most popular channel in the United States
28.
Adult Swim
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Adult Swim is a programming block of the American cable network Cartoon Network that operates at night from 8,00 p. m. to 6,00 a. m. It is programmed by Williams Street Productions, a subsidiary of Turner, the name comes from a phrase used by public swimming pools in the United States to label designated times when children are restricted from using the facilities in favor of adults. Much of Adult Swims general content is known for its risqué, unorthodox, the network was granted its own Nielsen ratings report from Cartoon Network due to targeting a separate demographic. In the United States, Adult Swim has frequently aired adult animation features, anime, mockumentaries, sketch comedy, live-action, shows may have sexual themes, frank sexual discussion, nudity, strong language, and graphic violence. While the network features comedies and dramas of all types, many of its programs are aesthetically experimental, transgressive, improvised, Adult Swim has contracted with various studios known for their productions in absurd and shock comedy. In February 2015, Adult Swim was available to approximately 96,390,000 pay-television households in the United States, Cartoon Networks original head programmer Mike Lazzo conceived Adult Swim. The network grew out of Cartoon Networks previous attempts at airing content appropriate for teenagers, the network began experimenting with its late night programming by airing anthology shows like ToonHeads and Late Night Black and White, both of which presented uncensored classic cartoon shorts. Space Ghost Coast to Coast, one of Cartoon Networks first forays into original programming, was created in 1994 specifically for late night audiences. The series was created by Mike Lazzos Ghost Planet Industries, which eventually became Williams Street Studios, during early mornings in December 2000, several new Williams Street series made unannounced stealth premieres. Sealab 2021, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Aqua Teen Hunger Force and The Brak Show all premiered unannounced, the official schedules listed the shows as Special Programming. Adult Swim launched on September 2,2001 with the airing of the Home Movies episode Directors Cut. The first anime broadcast on Adult Swim also aired on the night of its launch, the block initially aired on Sunday nights, with a repeat of the same block on Thursday nights. On March 28,2005, Atlanta-based Turner Broadcasting System began recording Adult Swim Nielsen ratings separately from Cartoon Network for demographic purposes, promotions for Adult Swim are targeted towards the college age and those in their twenties and thirties, constituting the majority of their viewers. Adult Swim also had a direct and important role in the revival of two animated series, the aforementioned Family Guy and Futurama. On March 29,2004, less one year later, Fox announced it would be renewing Family Guy for a fourth season. Futurama was also revived in 2007 by Comedy Central for similar reasons, Adult Swim obtained Futuramas exclusive cable syndication rights in March 2002 for a reported $10 million, and the series first aired on the network in January 2002. These devices were in part of a guerrilla marketing advertising campaign. The next day, Boston authorities arrested two men involved with the incident, on February 5, Turner Broadcasting and marketer Interference, Inc. announced that they would pay $2 million in amends, one million to the city of Boston, and one million in goodwill funds
29.
TV Guide
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In 1948, he printed New York City area listings magazine The TeleVision Guide. Silent film star Gloria Swanson, who then starred of the variety series The Gloria Swanson Hour. Wagner later began publishing regional editions of The TeleVision Guide for New England, five years later, he sold the editions to Walter Annenberg, who folded it into his publishing and broadcasting company Triangle Publications, but remained as a consultant for the magazine until 1963. The national TV Guides first issue was released on April 3,1953. The inaugural cover featured a photograph of Lucille Balls newborn son Desi Arnaz, Jr. with a photo of Ball placed in the top corner under the issues headline. The magazine was published in digest size, which remained its printed format for 52 years. The launch as a magazine with local listings in April 1953 became an almost instant success, with TV Guide becoming the most read. The initial cost of issue was 15¢ per copy. In addition to subscriptions, TV Guide was sold at the counters of grocery stores nationwide. Until the 1980s, the pieces included in each issue were promoted in a television commercial. Over the decades, the shape of the TV Guide logo has changed to reflect the modernization of the television screen, at first, the logo had various colored backgrounds until the familiar red background became the standard in the 1960s with occasional changes used for special editions. The magazine was first based in an office in downtown Philadelphia, before moving to more spacious national headquarters in Radnor. The color section was sent to regional printers to be wrapped around the local listing sections. It was under Triangles ownership of WFIL-TV that Dick Clark and American Bandstand came to popularity, most listing entries in the log included program genres after the programs title, while its running time was listed in the synopses. Originally, the majority of programs listed in the log each issue featured brief synopses, except for local and national newscasts, in addition, black-and-white ads for programs scheduled to air on broadcast stations – and later, cable channels – during prime time were included within the listings. A regular feature of the section was Close-Up, which provided expanded reviews of select programs airing each day. The advent of television would become hard on TV Guide. Channels that were listed also differed, depending on the edition, as the years went on, more cable channels were added into the listings of each edition
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CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
31.
Sitcom
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
32.
How I Met Your Mother
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How I Met Your Mother is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19,2005 to March 31,2014. The series follows the character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son, the series was created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, who also served as the shows executive producers and were frequent writers. The series was inspired by their friendship when they both lived in New York City. Among the 208 episodes, there were four directors, Pamela Fryman, Rob Greenberg, Michael Shea. Known for its structure and eccentric humor, How I Met Your Mother has gained a cult following over the years. The show initially received positive reviews, while the later seasons received more mixed reviews, the show was nominated for 28 Emmy Awards, winning nine. In 2010, Alyson Hannigan won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress, in 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy, and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor. The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children, the lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The shows frame story depicts Ted verbally retelling the story to his son Luke, the show instead focuses on Teds prior relationships and his dissatisfaction with those women, thus setting the stage for his eventual happiness with Tracy. The two drew from their friendship in creating the characters, Ted is based loosely on Bays, and Marshall and Lily are based loosely on Thomas and his wife. Thomas wife Rebecca was initially reluctant to have a character based on her, Hannigan was looking to do more comedy work, and was available. The role of Barney was initially envisioned as a John Belushi-type character before Neil Patrick Harris won the role after being invited to an audition by the casting director Megan Branman. Pamela Fryman invited Bob Saget to be the narrator, Future Ted, explaining to him that the show would be like The Wonder Years. Saget either went to the studio and recorded the narration while watching the episode, or did so separately. He normally did not attend table readings, but did so for the last episode, in various interviews Bays and Thomas have stated that a pretty famous actress turned down the role of Robin, whom they revealed in February 2014 to have been Jennifer Love Hewitt. They then cast Cobie Smulders for the role who, at the time, was fairly unknown, Bays and Thomas later said, Thank God we did for a million reasons. When Teds seeing her for the first time, Americas seeing her for the first time — the intriguingness of that propelled the show going forward, according to an Entertainment Weekly article, the writers adopted facets of each main actors personality and incorporated them into their characters
33.
Kiss Me (2014 film)
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Kiss Me is a 2014 American romantic drama film. It stars Sarah Bolger and Emily Osment and was directed by Jeff Probst, the story follows two 15-year-old girls, Zoe and Shelby. Zoe is diagnosed with scoliosis and has to wear a brace for a few years and she is attracted to an older man, photographer Chance. Shelby, on the hand, has problems at home. Her father is an alcoholic and is abusive towards her and her mother, when Shelbys mom finds out, everything explodes. It was also announced that Irish actress Sarah Bolger and Emily Osment were cast in the lead roles, the film was shot in Los Angeles in early February 2012. Kiss Me at the Internet Movie Database
34.
John Corbett
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John Joseph Corbett is an American actor and country music singer. He also played the male role opposite Nia Vardalos in Vardaloss film. He starred in United States of Tara as Max Gregson, and has appeared on NBC dramedy Parenthood as Seth Holt. Corbett started his career in television commercials, and in recent years, he has done TV and radio voiceovers for Applebees Restaurants and Walgreens drug stores. Aside from acting, Corbett has recorded and released two music albums. Corbett was born on May 9,1961 in Wheeling, West Virginia and he grew up in an apartment block near the Ohio River in West Virginia, with his mother, a waitress who worked in his uncles music club. His mother was of part Russian Jewish descent, though Corbett was raised Catholic and he attended Wheeling Central Catholic High School, where he graduated in 1979. He started playing the guitar at age seven, and at 16 he had a job as a security guard at the Capitol Music Hall, following his graduation from high school, Corbett moved to California and worked in a steel factory for six years. During his time as a boilermaker in the factory, Corbett spent a year training to become an L. A, county Deputy Sheriff, but ultimately failed. He stopped working at the factory when he got injured, and went to Cerritos College in Norwalk, there he took acting classes, and studied hair dressing, for a year. Corbett said, I went to school by day and studied theatre at night. He is a hair stylist since 1986. He then landed a Samsung commercial, and after three years he had starred in 50 national commercials, corbetts first major role was as the hippie boyfriend of Karen Arnold in season 1, episode 4, of The Wonder Years in 1988, but was credited as Jack Corbett. Corbett has co-starred in three television series to date, Northern Exposure from 1990 to 1995, Sex and the City. Corbett played the role in two short-lived television series. The first was the 1997 sci-fi series, The Visitor, in which Corbett played Adam MacArthur, in 2003 he starred in his second series, Lucky, which was about a professional poker player, Michael Lucky Linkletter, living in Las Vegas. Corbett guest starred on the NBC daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives as an administrator for two episodes in late-December 1995 and two episodes in early March 1996. Corbetts film credits include Tombstone, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2, Raising Helen, Dreamland and The Messengers
35.
Sarah Bolger
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Sarah Lee Bolger is an Irish actress. Bolger was born in Dublin, the daughter of Monica and Derek Bolger and she has a younger sister, actress Emma Bolger. She attended The Young Peoples Theatre School in Dublin and Loreto High School, Bolger starred in In America with her sister, Emma. From 2008 to 2010, she portrayed Princess Mary Tudor in The Tudors, Bolger starred in Stormbreaker alongside Alex Pettyfer. She also starred in the adaptation of the childrens novel The Spiderwick Chronicles. She filmed a pilot called Locke & Key, and will star in the movie Starbright, Bolger guest starred as Princess Aurora in the second, third, and fourth seasons of the fairy tale drama, Once Upon a Time. Bolger played the lead role, Umi, in the English version of the 2011 Studio Ghibli film From Up on Poppy Hill. In 2014, she made an appearance on TV series, Mixology, Bolger co-starred in David Gelbs thriller film The Lazarus Effect. In 2015, she starred in the AMC martial arts show Into the Badlands, in January 2011, Bolger was selected to be in photographer Kevin Aboschs project The Face of Ireland alongside other Irish celebrities including Sinéad OConnor, Neil Jordan, and Pierce Brosnan. Note, The following list is incomplete
36.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
37.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
38.
The Greatest Event in Television History
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The Greatest Event in Television History is a mockumentary television series created by Adam Scott and Naomi Sablan. The series premiered on Cartoon Networks late night programming block Adult Swim on October 12,2012, each episode originally aired independently as a special presentation, several months apart. The format of each special is a mockumentary about the shot-for-shot remake of a 1980s TV series opening credits sequence. Series cocreator Adam Scott says the specials are at least in part motivated by his own memories of watching 1980s TV as a kid, the overall program is hosted by Jeff Probst with actors portraying fictional versions of themselves or others. After each episode, the opening credit scene is shown. Four episodes were produced during the run, the series finale aired on January 23,2014. In an interview with Splitsider, Scott explained the conclusion of the series, Its a lot of work for such a short, theyre really fun and theyre fun to make, but were ready to move on. Official website The Greatest Event in Television History at the Internet Movie Database The Greatest Event in Television History at TV. com
39.
Scholastic Corporation
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Products are distributed to schools and districts, to consumers through the schools via reading clubs and fairs, and through retail stores and online sales. The business has three segments, Children Book Publishing & Distribution, Education, and International, Scholastic holds the perpetual U. S. publishing rights to Harry Potter and The Hunger Games book series. Scholastic is the worlds largest publisher and distributor of childrens books, Scholastic also publishes instructional reading and writing programs, and offers professional learning and consultancy services for school improvement. Clifford the Big Red Dog serves as the mascot for Scholastic, in 1920, Maurice R. Robbie Robinson founded the business he named Scholastic Publishing Company in his hometown of Wilkinsburg, right outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As a publisher of magazines, the first publication was The Western Pennsylvania Scholastic. It covered high school sports and social activities and debuted on October 22,1920, in 1926, Scholastic published its first book, Saplings, a collection of selected student writings by winners of the Scholastic Writing Awards. For many years the company continued its focus on serving the market, publishing low-cost magazines. The company continued under the name Scholastic Magazines throughout the 1970s, after World War II, cheap paperback books became available. In 1948, Scholastic entered the book club business with its division T. A. B. or Teen Age Book Club. In 1957, Scholastic established its first international subsidiary in Toronto Scholastic Canada, later moving to Markham, by the 1960s, international publishing locations were added in England, New Zealand and Sydney. In 1974, Richard Dick Robinson, the son of founder M. R. Robinson, named Chief Executive Officer in 1975 and Chairman in 1982, he remains in these positions. Scholastic now publishes 33 classroom magazines including Scholastic News, Action, Scope, Storyworks, SuperScience, Science World, Math and more, classroom Magazines have 15 million subscribers. The EdTech and Services business was sold to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2015 for $575 million and it continues to publish Harry Potter books, each title a best seller. Scholastics growth has continued by acquiring other media companies, in 2015, Scholastic acquired Troubadour, Ltd. in the U. K. During the 2000 presidential election, Scholastic organized the Scholastic News Kids Press Corps, founded in 1923 by Maurice R. These Awards have been the largest source of funding for teenage artists and writers. In the U. S. A, the process begins as young artists, the most outstanding works of art and writing from each region are forwarded to the Alliance for Young Artists & Writers in New York City to be reviewed on a national level. Panels of professional jurors select the award recipients
40.
Two and a Half Men
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Two and a Half Men is an American television sitcom that began broadcasting on CBS on September 22,2003, and ended on February 19,2015 after 12 seasons. Originally starring Charlie Sheen, Jon Cryer, and Angus T. Jones, the series was about a hedonistic jingle writer, Charlie Harper, his uptight brother Alan, after Alan divorces, he moves with his son to share Charlies beachfront Malibu house and complicates Charlies freewheeling life. In 2010, CBS and Warner Bros, Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series, renewing it through at least the 2011–12 season. Sheens contract was terminated on March 7, Ashton Kutcher was hired to replace him the following season. On April 26,2013, CBS renewed the series for an 11th season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer, Jones, who was attending college, was relegated to recurring status for season 11, but never made an appearance until the series finale. He was replaced by Jenny, Charlies previously unknown daughter, season 11 premiered on September 26,2013. On March 13,2014, CBS renewed the series for a 12th season, the season premiered on October 30,2014 with the episode The Ol Mexican Spinach and concluded on February 19,2015, with the 40-minute finale Of Course Hes Dead. The success of the led to it being the fourth-highest revenue-generating program for 2012. The series revolved initially around the life of the Harper brothers Charlie and Alan, Charlie is a bachelor who writes commercial jingles for a living while leading a hedonistic lifestyle. When Alans wife Judith decides to divorce him, he moves into Charlies Malibu beach house, Charlies housekeeper is Berta, a sharp-tongued woman who initially resists the change to the household, but grudgingly accepts it. Charlies one-night stand Rose was first introduced as his stalker in the pilot episode, afterwards, Charlie flies to Paris in the eighth-season finale with his stalker Rose. In the ninth-season premiere, introducing a revamped show, it is revealed that Charlie died when he fell in front of a train in Paris. Suggestions are made that Rose pushed him in the path after learning Charlie had cheated on her. Throughout the series, Alan continues to deal with his son Jakes growing up, and the aftermath of his divorce and his marriage to Kandi at the end of the third season was short-lived. In the fourth season, Alan is back at the house paying alimony to two women out of his meager earnings as a chiropractor. In the seventh season, he begins a relationship with Lyndsey McElroy and their relationship is temporarily suspended when Alan cheats on her and accidentally burns down her house, but the relationship eventually resumes. In the ninth-season premiere, the house is sold to Walden Schmidt. Alan leaves to live with his mother Evelyn when the house is sold and he needs friends and the three form a tightknit surrogate family
