1.
Montreal
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Montreal, officially Montréal, is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada as a whole. Originally called Ville-Marie, or City of Mary, it is believed to be named after Mount Royal, the city has a distinct four-season continental climate, with warm-to-hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In 2016, Montreal had a population of 1,704,694, Montreals metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,927 and a population of 1,958,257 in the urban agglomeration, with all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included. Legally a French-speaking city,60. 5% of Montrealers speak French at home,21. 2% speak English and 19. 8% speak neither, Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 56% of the population able to speak both official languages. Montreal is the second-largest primarily French-speaking city in the world after Paris, historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. It remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, culture, tourism, gaming, film, Montreal was also named a UNESCO City of Design. In 2009, Montreal was named North Americas leading host city for international events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress. According to the 2015 Global Liveability Ranking by the Economist Intelligence Unit, in the 2017 edition of their Best Student Cities ranking, Quacquarelli Symonds ranked Montreal as the worlds best city to study abroad. Also, Montreal has 11 universities with 170,000 students enrolled, the Greater Montréal region has the highest number of university students per capita among all metropolitan areas in North America. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics, currently, the city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One, the Montreal International Jazz Festival and the Just for Laughs festival. In 2012, Montreal was ranked as a Beta+ world city, in Kanien’kéha, or Mohawk language, the island is called Tiohtià, ke Tsi or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishinaabemowin, or Ojibwe language, the land is called Mooniyaang, though the city was first named by French colonizers Ville Marie, or City of Mary, its current name comes from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The most popular theory is that the name derives from Mont Réal, Cartiers 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, according to the Commission de toponymie du Québec and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, Canadian place names have only one official form. Thus, Montreal is officially spelled with an accent over the e in both English and French. In practice, this is limited to governmental uses. English-speaking Montrealers, including English-language media, regularly omit the accent when writing in English, archaeological evidence demonstrates that First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago. By the year AD1000, they had started to cultivate maize, within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at locations in the valley since at least the 14th century
2.
Quebec
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Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language. Quebec is Canadas largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division and it also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. Quebec is Canadas second-most populous province, after Ontario, most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. Approximately half of Quebec residents live in the Greater Montreal Area, the Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples. Even in central Quebec at comparatively southerly latitudes winters are severe in inland areas, Quebec independence debates have played a large role in the politics of the province. Parti Québécois governments held referendums on sovereignty in 1980 and 1995, in 2006, the House of Commons of Canada passed a symbolic motion recognizing the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada. These many industries have all contributed to helping Quebec become an economically influential province within Canada, early variations in the spelling of the name included Québecq and Kébec. French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the name Québec in 1608 for the colonial outpost he would use as the seat for the French colony of New France. The province is sometimes referred to as La belle province, the Province of Quebec was founded in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 after the Treaty of Paris formally transferred the French colony of Canada to Britain after the Seven Years War. The proclamation restricted the province to an area along the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the Treaty of Versailles ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. After the Constitutional Act of 1791, the territory was divided between Lower Canada and Upper Canada, with each being granted an elected legislative assembly, in 1840, these become Canada East and Canada West after the British Parliament unified Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada. This territory was redivided into the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario at Confederation in 1867, each became one of the first four provinces. In 1898, the Canadian Parliament passed the first Quebec Boundary Extension Act that expanded the provincial boundaries northward to include the lands of the aboriginal peoples. This was followed by the addition of the District of Ungava through the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act of 1912 that added the northernmost lands of the Inuit to create the modern Province of Quebec. In 1927, the border between Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador was established by the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Located in the part of Canada, and part of Central Canada. Its topography is very different from one region to another due to the composition of the ground, the climate. The Saint Lawrence Lowland and the Canadian Shield are the two main regions, and are radically different
3.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
4.
Palo Alto, California
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Palo Alto is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The city shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley and it is named after a coast redwood tree called El Palo Alto. Palo Alto was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son and it has also served as an incubator to several other high-technology companies such as Google, Facebook, Logitech, Intuit, Pinterest, and PayPal. As of the 2010 census, the total resident population is 64,403. Palo Alto is one of the most expensive cities in the United States, the recorded history of Palo Alto dates back to 1769, when Gaspar de Portolá noted an Ohlone settlement. This remains an area of known Indian mounds, a plaque at Middlefield Road and Embarcadero Road commemorates the area. The city got its name from a tall coast redwood tree, named El Palo Alto, a plaque there recounts the story of the Portolà expedition, a 63-man, 200-horse expedition from San Diego to Monterey from November 7–11,1769. The group overshot Monterey in the fog and when they reached modern-day Pacifica, they ascended Sweeney Ridge, thinking the bay was too wide to cross, the group retraced their journey to Monterey, never becoming aware of the Golden Gate entrance to the Bay. Located south of the San Francisquito Creek, west of todays I-280, in 1835, Rafael Soto and family settled near the San Francisquito Creek near Newell and Middlefield, selling goods to travelers. Rafael Soto died in 1839, but his wife, Maria Antonia Mesa, was granted Rancho Rinconada del Arroyo de San Francisquito in 1841, in 1839, their daughter María Luisa Soto married John Coppinger, who was the grantee of Rancho Cañada de Raymundo. Rancho Cañada de Raymundo was West of San Francisquito Creek, and began at Alambique Creek, the border of Rancho Corte de Madera. Bear Gulch Creek flowed on his land in Portola Valley, the rancho also abutted Buelnas grant near Skyline Boulevard and Matadero Creek. Upon Coppingers death, Maria inherited it and later married a visiting boat captain, Greer owned a home on the site that is now Town & Country Village on Embarcadero and El Camino Real. Greer Avenue and Court are named for him, to the west of Rafael Soto, near El Camino and following the Creek, was Rancho San Francisquito granted in 1839 to Antonio Buelna and wife Maria Concepcion. To the south of the Sotos, the brothers Secundino and Teodoro Robles in 1849 bought Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from José Peña, where the Joness house was, then east down Arastradero Rd. to the north property line of Alta Mesa Memorial Park and Terman Park. The property then went along the bay to the Embarcadero, a boundary in the day, then up to the Stanford University gates, up Galvez. The grant was bounded on the south by Mariano Castros Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas grant across San Antonio Road, thats the Robles Rancho, about 80% of Palo Alto and Stanford University. It was whittled down by 1863 through courts to 6,981 acres, stories say their grand hacienda was built on the former meager adobe of José Peña near Ferne off San Antonio Road, midway between Middlefield and Alma Street
5.
Canadians
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Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
6.
University of Toronto
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The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queens Park. It was founded by charter in 1827 as Kings College. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution, as a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga. Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, by a significant margin, it receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university. It is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University, the Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, with long and storied ties to gridiron football and ice hockey. The universitys Hart House is an example of the North American student centre. The founding of a college had long been the desire of John Graves Simcoe. As an Oxford-educated military commander who had fought in the American Revolutionary War, the Upper Canada Executive Committee recommended in 1798 a college be established in York, the colonial capital. On March 15,1827, a charter was formally issued by King George IV, proclaiming from this time one College, with the style. For the education of youth in the principles of the Christian Religion, the granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by John Strachan, the influential Anglican Bishop of Toronto who took office as the colleges first president. The original three-storey Greek Revival school building was built on the present site of Queens Park, under Strachans stewardship, Kings College was a religious institution closely aligned with the Church of England and the British colonial elite, known as the Family Compact. Reformist politicians opposed the control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college secularized. Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open Trinity College as a private Anglican seminary, University College was created as the nondenominational teaching branch of the University of Toronto. Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was precursor to the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, while the Faculty of Medicine opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887, when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine. Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees, the university opened the Faculty of Law in 1887, followed by the Faculty of Dentistry in 1888, when the Royal College of Dental Surgeons became an affiliate. Women were first admitted to the university in 1884, over the next two decades, a collegiate system took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachans Trinity College in 1904. The university operated the Royal Conservatory of Music from 1896 to 1991, the University of Toronto Press was founded in 1901 as Canadas first academic publishing house
7.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
8.
EBay
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EBay Inc. is a multinational e-commerce corporation, facilitating online consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales. It is headquartered in San Jose, California, eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995, and became a notable success story of the dot-com bubble. Today it is a business with operations in about 30 countries. The company manages eBay. com, an auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a broad variety of goods. It previously offered online money transfers, which was a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay from 2002 until 2015, the website is free to use for buyers, but sellers are charged fees for listing items and again when those items are sold. The AuctionWeb was founded in California on September 3,1995 by French-born Iranian-American computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as part of a personal site. One of the first items sold on AuctionWeb was a laser pointer for $14.83. Astonished, Omidyar contacted the winning bidder to ask if he understood that the pointer was broken. In his responding email, the buyer explained, Im a collector of broken laser pointers and this was revealed in Adam Cohens book, The Perfect Store, and confirmed by eBay. Reportedly, eBay was simply a hobby for Omidyar until his Internet service provider informed him he would need to upgrade to a business account due to the high volume of traffic to his website. The resulting price increase forced him to start charging those who used eBay and it resulted in the hiring of Chris Agarpao as eBays first employee to handle the number of checks coming in for fees. Jeffrey Skoll was hired as the first president of the company in early 1996, growth was phenomenal, in January 1997 the site hosted 2,000,000 auctions, compared with 250,000 during the whole of 1996. The company officially changed the name of its service from AuctionWeb to eBay in September 1997, originally, the site belonged to Echo Bay Technology Group, Omidyars consulting firm. Omidyar had tried to register the domain name echobay. com, but found it already taken by the Echo Bay Mines, in 1997, the company received $6.7 million in funding from the venture capital firm Benchmark Capital. Meg Whitman was hired as eBay President and CEO in March 1998, at the time, the company had 30 employees, half a million users and revenues of $4.7 million in the United States. EBay went public on September 21,1998, and both Omidyar and Skoll became instant billionaires, eBays target share price of $18 was all but ignored as the price went to $53.50 on the first day of trading. As the company expanded product categories beyond collectibles into almost any saleable item, in February 2002, the company purchased iBazar, a similar European auction web site founded in 1998, and then bought PayPal on October 3,2002. By early 2008, the company had expanded worldwide, counted hundreds of millions of registered users,15, after nearly ten years at eBay, Whitman decided to enter politics
9.
Participant Media
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Participant Media is an American film production company founded in 2004 by Jeffrey Skoll, dedicated to entertainment that inspires and compels social change. The company finances and co-produces films, and its hub, TakePart serves millions of socially conscious consumers each month with daily articles, videos. The companys name descriptively politicizes its basis on currently topical subjects presented to induce awareness in social aspects. The company has produced, financed, or co-produced over 75 films and its films have been nominated for 50 Academy Awards, and have won 11, including Best Picture for Spotlight. The company was founded in January 2004 as Participant Productions by Jeffrey Skoll, with $100 million in cash from Skolls personal funds, Skoll was the companys first chief executive officer, but stepped down from that position in August 2006. Participant Productions initial plans were to produce four to six films per year, the company focused on films in six areas – the environment, health care, human rights, institutional responsibility, peace and tolerance, and social and economic justice. It evaluated projects by running them past its creative executives first, assessing their cost and commercial viability second, once the decision was made to go ahead with production, the company reached out to non-profit organizations to ask them to build campaigns around the release. In some cases, the studio has spent years creating positive word-of-mouth with advocacy groups, the new company quickly announced an ambitious slate of productions. Its first film was the drama film American Gun, with equity partner IFC Films, two weeks later, the company announced a co-production deal with Warner Bros. on two films – the geopolitical thriller film Syriana and the drama film Class Action (later re-titled North Country. Participant Productions contributed half the budget of each film and its fourth production, a documentary film, was announced in November 2004. In 2005, the company suffered its first stumble and it again agreed to co-finance a picture with Warner Bros. this time Vadim Perelmans second feature, Truce. Although Perelman claimed he had never been moved by a script to such an extent, North Country did poorly at the box office despite having recent Academy Award-winner Charlize Theron in the lead. The World According to Sesame Street never found a distributor for theatrical release, the company announced in March 2005 that it would executive co-produce the Warner Bros. drama film Good Night, and Good Luck. A month later, it bought the rights to the documentary film Murderball in return for an equity stake in the film. It also executive produced and co-financed Al Gores global-warming documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, as heavier production scheduling grew, the company added staff. Ricky Strauss was named first president in March 2005, with oversight of production, marketing, diane Weyermann, director of the Sundance Institutes Documentary Film Program, joined the company in October 2005 as Executive Vice President of Documentary Production. The companys non-film-production efforts continued to grow as well, the company provided an undisclosed amount of financing in February 2005 to film distributor Emerging Pictures to finance that companys national network of digitally equipped cinemas. The company had a very successful 2005 awards season, with eleven Academy Award nominations, Good Night, and Good Luck garnered six nominations, including Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Director, Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Original Screenplay
10.
Skoll Foundation
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It makes grants totaling about $40 million each year. It connects social entrepreneurs through support of events including the annual Skoll World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship at Oxford University, convenings and its founder is Jeff Skoll who was the first employee and first president of eBay. Jeff Skoll created the foundation in 1999 as an organization at the Community Foundation of Silicon Valley. In late 2003 Skoll established the private Skoll Foundation, the two entities, which have distinct governing bodies but share staff and offices, together operate the foundations grantmaking and other programs. Sally Osberg, President and CEO, joined the foundation in 2001 and is the co-author, with Roger Martin, of Getting Beyond Better and she has been named as one of the social sectors 50 most influential leaders by The Nonprofit Times. More than 100 organizations have received Skoll Awards since the program was launched in 2005, the Skoll Foundation accepts nominations from its network of partners but doesnt accept unsolicited nominations for its annual Skoll Awards. It seeks out disruptors whose models have potential to impact at scale, who can collaborate within their ecosystem. Awardees receive $1.25 million in funding, support growing their enterprise for three years, and membership to the community of Skoll Award recipients. Notable participants over the years have included Malala Yousafzai, Kofi Annan, Graca Machel, Jimmy Carter, Desmond Tutu, Sir Richard Branson, media coverage of recent Forums is included in the External Links section. In November 2003, the Skoll Foundation donated £4. 4m to the Saïd Business School of Oxford University for the creation of the Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship. The center committed to establish a new masters of business degree to advance the field. The grant also funded a lectureship, program director, student fellowships, visiting fellows. The Skoll Centres research ranges across three main areas identified by practitioners as of key importance, governance, resources, impact. In each area, a variety of work is being undertaken. This is disseminated in both applied working paper formats and in peer-reviewed academic books and journals, Getting Beyond Better, How Social Entrepreneurship Works by Sally R. Osberg and Roger L. Martin. Wish You Happy Forever, What Chinas Orphans Taught Me about Moving Mountains by Jenny Bowen, however Long the Night, Molly Melchings Journey to Help Millions of African Women and Girls Triumph by Aimee Molloy. The Business of Good, Social Entrepreneurship and the New Bottom Line by Jason Haber
11.
Order of Canada
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The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. It comes second only to membership in the Order of Merit, membership is accorded to those who exemplify the orders Latin motto, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning they desire a better country, a phrase taken from Hebrews 11,16. Appointees to the order are recommended by a board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign. As of October 2016,6,699 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada, including scientists, musicians, politicians, artists, athletes, business people, and film stars, benefactors, and others. Some have resigned or have been removed from the order, while other appointments have been controversial, appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings. Pearson, who was assisted with the establishment of the order by John Matheson. Laurent, Hugh MacLennan, David Bauer, Gabrielle Roy, Donald Creighton, Thérèse Casgrain, Wilder Penfield, Arthur Lismer, M. J. Coldwell, Edwin Baker, Alex Colville, and Maurice Richard. From the Order of Canada grew a Canadian honours system, thereby reducing the use of British honours, by the 1980s, Canadas provinces began to develop their own distinct honours and decorations. The Canadian monarch, seen as the fount of honour, is at the apex of the Order of Canada as its Sovereign, followed by the governor general, who serves as the fellowships Chancellor. Thereafter follow three grades, which are, in order of precedence, Companion, Officer, and Member, each incumbent governor general is also installed as the Principal Companion for the duration of his or her time in the viceregal post and continues as an extraordinary Companion thereafter. As of March 2016, there have twenty one honorary appointments. There were originally, in effect, only two ranks to the Order of Canada, Companion and the Medal of Service, there was, however, also a third award, the Medal of Courage, meant to recognize acts of gallantry. This latter decoration fell in rank between the two levels, but was anomalous within the Order of Canada, being a separate award of a different nature rather than a middle grade of the order. Lester Pearsons vision of a structure to the order was thus fulfilled. Companions of the Order of Canada have demonstrated the highest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, up to 15 Companions are appointed annually, with an imposed limit of 165 living Companions at any given time, not including those appointed as extraordinary Companions or in an honorary capacity. As of October 2015, there are 143 living Companions, none being honorary, since 1994, substantive members are the only regular citizens who are empowered to administer the Canadian Oath of Citizenship. As of October 2015, there were 1,123 living Officers, Members of the Order of Canada have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. As many as 136 Members may be appointed annually, not including extraordinary Members and those inducted on an honorary basis, as of October 2015, there were 2,225 living Members, none being honorary
12.
Stanford Graduate School of Business
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The Stanford Graduate School of Business is one of the seven schools of Stanford University. Its faculty members maintain several joint appointments with affiliated research centers, the GSB maintains very close links with the venture capital, finance and technology firms of nearby Silicon Valley. There are 26,309 living alumni, including 17,803 alumni of the MBA program, Stanford Graduate School of Business is renowned to have produced a remarkable number of successful business leaders and entrepreneurs, many among the worlds wealthiest, from its alumni base. In August 2006, the school announced what was then the largest gift ever to a business school – $105 million from Stanford alumnus Phil Knight, MBA62, Founder and Chairman of Nike, Inc. The gift went toward construction of a $375 million campus, called the Knight Management Center, the business school comprises the Knight Management Center and the Schwab Residential Center. In May 2016 the school announced that Jonathan Levin would become the dean of the GSB commencing that September. Stanfords MBA program was ranked 2nd in the United States by U. S. News & World Report in 2016, and 1st in 2015. The school is currently ranked 1st by Forbes, 4th in the Financial Times Global MBA rankings, 13th by The Economist in its Full Time MBA ranking, in the ranking aggregator Poets & Quants Stanfords MBA program was ranked 2nd in the US. In 2016, the schools MBA program was ranked #18 worldwide for social and environmental impact by Corporate Knights magazine, the Stanford Graduate School of Business is the most selective business school in the U. S. It has maintained the highest ratio of applicants to available seats of any school in the U. S. for the last decade. It has also had the lowest acceptance rates of any business school, the school has approximately 400 students per year in its full-time two-year MBA program. It is relatively diverse compared to its peer institutions, the most recent entering class was approximately 42% female, 20% ethnic minorities and 44% international. Current and past students include Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Coro, Gardner, Soros, Rhodes, Rotary, approximately 15% of the class entered the MBA program with other graduate or professional degrees, including medical doctors, lawyers, and Ph. Ds. Stanford GSB also offers a PhD in Management degree for those looking to pursue a career in academia, the students at the school have traditionally maintained a policy of grade non-disclosure whereby they do not release grades. Some annual academic distinctions do exist, students graduating in the top ten percent of the class are designated Arjay Miller Scholars, named after the former dean, Arjay Miller. The top student receives the Henry Ford II award at graduation, at the end of the first year five students are also designated Siebel Scholars based on a combination of academics and extracurriculars. The GSB has several student-run organization focused on career paths, affinity groups. Recently the Women in Management organization was featured on leanin. org for its inclusion of men in conversations around gender equity, in June 2006, the School announced a dramatic change to its curriculum model
13.
Business plan
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A business plan is a formal statement of business goals, reasons they are attainable, and plans for reaching them. It may also contain information about the organization or team attempting to reach those goals. Business plans may target changes in perception and branding by the customer, client, taxpayer, Business plans may be internally or externally focused. Externally focused plans target goals that are important to external stakeholders and they typically have detailed information about the organization or team attempting to reach the goals. With for-profit entities, external stakeholders include investors and customers, external stake-holders of non-profits include donors and the clients of the non-profits services. Internally focused business plans target intermediate goals required to reach the external goals and they may cover the development of a new product, a new service, a new IT system, a restructuring of finance, the refurbishing of a factory or a restructuring of the organization. An internal business plan is developed in conjunction with a balanced scorecard or a list of critical success factors. This allows success of the plan to be measured using non-financial measures, Business plans that identify and target internal goals, but provide only general guidance on how they will be met are called strategic plans. Operational plans describe the goals of an organization, working group or department. Project plans, sometimes known as project frameworks, describe the goals of a particular project and they may also address the projects place within the organizations larger strategic goals. The content and format of the plan is determined by the goals. For example, a plan for a non-profit might discuss the fit between the business plan and the organization’s mission. Banks are quite concerned about defaults, so a plan for a bank loan will build a convincing case for the organization’s ability to repay the loan. Venture capitalists are primarily concerned about initial investment, feasibility, and it can be helpful to view the business plan as a collection of sub-plans, one for each of the main business disciplines. A good business plan can help to make a good business credible, understandable, writing a good business plan can’t guarantee success, but it can go a long way toward reducing the odds of failure. The format of a business plan depends on its presentation context and it is common for businesses, especially start-ups, to have three or four formats for the same business plan. An elevator pitch is a summary of the plans executive summary. This is often used as a teaser to awaken the interest of investors, customers
14.
Forbes
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Forbes is an American business magazine. Published bi-weekly, it features articles on finance, industry, investing. Forbes also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics and its headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Primary competitors in the business magazine category include Fortune and Bloomberg Businessweek. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans. Another well-known list by the magazine is The Worlds Billionaires list, the motto of Forbes magazine is The Capitalist Tool. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes, and its CEO is Mike Perlis, Forbes, a financial columnist for the Hearst papers, and his partner Walter Drey, the general manager of the Magazine of Wall Street, founded Forbes magazine on September 15,1917. Forbes provided the money and the name and Drey provided the publishing expertise, the original name of the magazine was Forbes, Devoted to Doers and Doings. Drey became vice-president of the B. C. Forbes Publishing Company, while B. C. Forbes became editor-in-chief, B. C. Forbes was assisted in his later years by his two eldest sons, Bruce Charles Forbes and Malcolm Stevenson Forbes. Bruce Forbes took over on his fathers death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations, during his tenure, 1954–1964, the magazines circulation nearly doubled. On Malcolms death, his eldest son Malcolm Stevenson Steve Forbes Jr. became President and Chief Executive of Forbes, between 1961 and 1999 the magazine was edited by James Michaels. In 1993, under Michaels, Forbes was a finalist for the National Magazine Award. com, a 2009 New York Times report said,40 percent of the enterprise was sold. For a reported $300 million, setting the value of the enterprise at $750 million, according to Mark M. Edmiston of AdMedia Partners, Its probably not worth half of that now. The companys headquarters moved to the Newport section of downtown Jersey City. In November 2013, Forbes Media, which publishes Forbes magazine, was put up for sale and this was encouraged by Elevation Partners, of whom were minority shareholders. Sales documents prepared by Deutsche Bank revealed that the publishers 2012 EBITDA was $15 million, Forbes reportedly sought a price of $400 million. In July 2014, Forbes sold a majority of itself to Integrated Whale Media Investments, Steve Forbes and his magazines writers offer investment advice on the weekly Fox TV show Forbes on Fox and on Forbes On Radio. Other company groups include Forbes Conference Group, Forbes Investment Advisory Group, from the 2009 Times report, Steve Forbes recently returned from opening up a Forbes magazine in India, bringing the number of foreign editions to 10
15.
Syriana
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Syriana is a 2005 geopolitical thriller film written and directed by Stephen Gaghan, and executive produced by George Clooney, who also stars in the film with an ensemble cast. Gaghans screenplay is adapted from Robert Baers memoir See No Evil. C. Attorney, and a young unemployed Pakistani migrant worker in an Arab state in the Persian Gulf, as with Gaghans screenplay for Traffic, Syriana uses multiple, parallel storylines, jumping between locations in Iran, Texas, Washington, D. C. Clooney won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Bob Barnes, and Gaghans script was nominated by the Academy for Best Original Screenplay. As of April 20,2006, the film had grossed a total of $50.82 million at the U. S. box office and $42.9 million overseas, for a total of $93.73 million. U. S. energy giant Connex is losing control of key Middle East oil fields in a kingdom ruled by the al-Subaai family. The emirates foreign minister, Prince Nasir, has granted natural gas drilling rights to a Chinese company, greatly upsetting the U. S. oil industry and government. To compensate for its production capacity, Connex initiates a shady merger with Killen. Connex-Killen ranks as the worlds twenty-third largest economy, and antitrust regulators at the U. S. Justice Department have misgivings, a Washington, D. C. -based law firm headed by Dean Whiting is hired to smooth the way for the merger. Bennett Holiday is assigned to promote the impression of due diligence to the DOJ, Bryan Woodman is an energy analyst based in Geneva, Switzerland. Woodmans supervisor directs him to attend a party hosted by the emir at his estate in Marbella, Spain. No one notices that a crack in one of the swimming pool areas underwater lights has electrified the water, just as Woodman and all the other guests are brought to the pool area, Woodmans son jumps into the pool and is electrocuted. His father, at the urging of the American government, names the younger Meshal as his successor, Bob Barnes is a veteran Operations Officer with the Central Intelligence Agency trying to stop illegal arms trafficking in the Middle East. Barnes makes his superiors nervous by writing memos about the theft and is subsequently reassigned to a desk job. Prior to his reassignment, Barnes confides in his ex-CIA agent friend, Stan Goff, Goff advises him to clear his presence with Hezbollah so they know he is not acting against them. Barnes travels to Lebanon, obtains safe passage from a Hezbollah leader, but Mussawi has become an Iranian agent and has Barnes abducted. Mussawi tortures Barnes and prepares to behead him, just before he is about to cut off Barnes head, the Hezbollah leader arrives and stops him. When the CIA learns that Mussawi plans to broadcast the agencys intention to kill Nasir, they set Barnes up as a scapegoat and he has Barness passports revoked, locks him out of his computer at work, and initiates an investigation of him
16.
Good Night, and Good Luck
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Good Night, and Good Luck is a 2005 historical drama film directed by George Clooney and starring David Strathairn, George Clooney, Robert Downey, Jr. Patricia Clarkson and Jeff Daniels. The movie was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov and portrays the conflict between radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U. S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, especially relating to the anti-Communist Senators actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. The movie, although released in black and white, was filmed on color film stock but on a greyscale set and it focuses on the theme of media responsibility, and also addresses what occurs when the media offer a voice of dissent from government policy. The movie takes its title from the line with which Murrow routinely signed off his broadcasts, the film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Clooney and Best Actor for David Strathairn. Set in 1953, during the days of television broadcast journalism. Edward R. Murrow first defends Milo Radulovich, who is facing separation from the U. S. Air Force because of his sisters political leanings, Murrow makes a show on McCarthy attacking him. A very public feud develops when McCarthy responds by accusing Murrow of being a communist, Murrow is accused of having been a member of the leftist union Industrial Workers of the World, which Murrow claimed was false. In this climate of fear and reprisal, the CBS crew carries on and their tenacity ultimately strikes a historic blow against McCarthy. David Strathairn as Edward R. Murrow, journalist and host of the CBS television program See It Now George Clooney as Fred W. Friendly, coproducer with Murrow of See It Now Robert Downey, having majored in journalism in college, Clooney was well-versed in the subject matter. His father, Nick Clooney, was a television journalist for many years, appearing as an anchorman in Cincinnati, Ohio, Salt Lake City, Utah, Los Angeles, California, the elder Clooney also ran for Congress in 2004. George Clooney was paid $1 each for writing, directing, and acting in Good Night, due to an injury he received on the set of Syriana a few months earlier, Clooney couldnt pass the tests to be insured. He then mortgaged his own house in Los Angeles in order to make the film, dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban and former eBay president Jeff Skoll invested money in the project as executive producers. The film ultimately grossed more than $54m worldwide, the CBS offices and studios seen in the movie were all sets on a soundstage. To accomplish a pair of scenes showing characters going up an elevator, the elevator was actually built on a large turntable at the intersection of the two floor sets, and rotated once the doors were closed. When the doors reopened, the actors appeared to be in a different location, in doing so, the movie exercised a bit of dramatic license—the CBS executive offices at the time were located at 485 Madison Avenue. CBS News was located in a building just north of Grand Central Terminal. For dramatic effect, all three areas were depicted as being in the same building, Clooney and producer Grant Heslov decided to use only archival footage of Joseph McCarthy in his depiction
17.
North Country (film)
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In 1989, Josey Aimes flees from her abusive husband back to her hometown in northern Minnesota with her children, Sammy and Karen, and moves in with her parents, Alice and Hank. Hank is ashamed of Josey, who had Sammy as a teenager by an unknown father, while working as a hairdresser, Josey reconnects with an old acquaintance, Glory Dodge, who works at the local iron mine and suggests Josey do the same. Joseys pursuit of the job further strains her relationship with Hank, Josey in particular is targeted by Bobby Sharp, her ex-boyfriend from high school. Josey tries to talk to her supervisor Arlen Pavich about the problem, the women experience additional harassment in retaliation, and Bobby spreads rumors that Josey attempted to seduce him, leading his wife to publicly berate and embarrass Josey at Sammys hockey game. Sammy begins to resent the way the townspeople treat them, later, after being assaulted by Bobby at work, she quits and asks Bill White, a lawyer friend of Kyle and Glory, to help her file a lawsuit against the company. Bill advises her to other women to form a class action lawsuit. The female miners, however, fear losing their jobs and facing additional harassment and she also discovers that Glory has Lou Gehrigs Disease, and her health is declining rapidly. Alice and Hank argue over Joseys lawsuit, and when Hank still refuses to forgive his daughter, Hank attacks the teacher in question, who is in attendance, and Bill asks for a recess after Josey storms out of the courtroom. Sammy still refuses to believe his mother, and runs away, until Kyle urges him to reconsider, the next day, Bill cross-examines Bobby and gets him to admit he lied about the encounter, which he witnessed but was too scared to do anything about. Glory, who has come to the court in her wheelchair and is unable to speak, has Kyle read a letter saying she stands with Josey, other women then stand up to support Joseys complaint. They are followed by women, family members, and miners. The mining company is forced to pay the women for their suffering and establish a sexual harassment policy at the workplace. Its time line was condensed, but in reality it took fourteen years for the case to be settled, Jenson declined to sell the rights to her story or act as the films consultant. The film was shot in the towns of Eveleth, Virginia, Chisholm, and Hibbing in northern Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Silver City and Santa Fe in New Mexico. Budgeted at $30 million, it eventually grossed $18,337,722 in the US, on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 69% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 162 reviews, with Theron and McDormand receiving critical acclaim for their performances. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 68 out of 100. We remember that Frances McDormand played a police officer in this same area in Fargo. McDormands role in this movie is different and much sadder, but brings the same pluck, put these two women together and they can accomplish just about anything
18.
Murderball (film)
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Murderball is a 2005 American documentary film about physically disabled athletes who play wheelchair rugby. It centers on the rivalry between the Canadian and U. S. teams leading up to the 2004 Paralympic Games and it was directed by Henry Alex Rubin and Dana Adam Shapiro, and produced by Jeffrey V. Mandel and Shapiro. It was nominated for Best Documentary Feature for the 78th Academy Awards, Murderball was the first MTV film released through ThinkFilm as well as Participant Media. The film was screened at the United Nations uncut, one of its stars, Mark Zupan, winced when describing how embarrassed he was to have his mother hear his remarks on the sex lives of persons with quadriplegia. Murderball was shot on a low budget, the main camera used was a Panasonic AG-DVX100, a Sony PD150 was used to shoot some of the early interviews. The crew rigged a Sennheiser shotgun microphone to use as a boom, available lighting was used almost exclusively. Additional light was provided using an inexpensive china ball, in one example of on-the-spot lighting, a flashlight was diffused using only a napkin. This film is also #1 on the Rotten Tomatoes countdown of the top sports movies, Murderball at the Internet Movie Database Murderball at AllMovie Murderball at Box Office Mojo Murderball at Rotten Tomatoes Mark Zupans Murderball Journal from 2005, at MTV. com
19.
An Inconvenient Truth
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The film grossed $24 million in the U. S. and $26 million in the foreign box office, becoming the tenth highest grossing documentary film to date in the United States. The idea to document his efforts came from producer Laurie David who saw his presentation at a meeting on global warming which coincided with the opening of The Day After Tomorrow. Laurie David was so inspired by Gores slide show that she, with producer Lawrence Bender, since the films release, An Inconvenient Truth has been credited for raising international public awareness of global warming and reenergizing the environmental movement. The documentary has also included in science curricula in schools around the world. An Inconvenient Sequel, Truth to Power will be in theaters July 28,2017 and he began making these presentations in 1989 with flip chart illustrations, the film version uses a Keynote presentation, which Gore refers to as the slide show. The former vice president opens the film by greeting an audience with his line about his campaign in 2000, I am Al Gore. Gore then begins his slide show on Global Warming, a comprehensive presentation replete with detailed graphs, flow charts, Gore shows off several majestic photographs of the Earth taken from multiple space missions, Earthrise and The Blue Marble. Gore notes that these photos dramatically transformed the way we see the Earth, Gore ties this conclusion to the assumption that the Earth is so big, we cant possibly have any lasting, harmful impact on the Earths environment. For comic effect, Gore uses a clip from the Futurama episode Crimes of the Hot to describe the greenhouse effect, Gore also presents Antarctic ice coring data showing CO2 levels higher now than in the past 650,000 years. The film includes segments intended to refute critics who say that global warming is unproven or that warming will be insignificant, melt water from Greenland, because of its lower salinity, could then halt the currents that keep northern Europe warm and quickly trigger dramatic local cooling there. It also contains various short animated projections of what could happen to different animals more vulnerable to global warming, Gore calls upon his viewers to learn how they can help him in these efforts. The solutions are in our hands, we just have to have the determination to make it happen and we have everything that we need to reduce carbon emissions, everything but political will. But in America, the will to act is a renewable resource, Gores book of the same title was published concurrently with the theatrical release of the documentary. The book contains information, scientific analysis, and Gores commentary on the issues presented in the documentary. Gore became interested in global warming when he took a course at Harvard University with Professor Roger Revelle, later, when Gore was in Congress, he initiated the first congressional hearing on the subject in 1981. Gores 1992 book, Earth in the Balance, dealing with a number of environmental topics and he helped broker the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty designed to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The treaty was not ratified in the United States after a 95 to 0 vote in the Senate, during his 2000 presidential campaign, Gore ran, in part, on a pledge to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. After his defeat in the 2000 presidential election by George W. Bush and he edited and adapted a slide show he had compiled years earlier, and began featuring the slide show in presentations on global warming across the U. S. and around the world
20.
Fast Food Nation (film)
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Fast Food Nation is a 2006 American-British comedy-drama film directed by Richard Linklater. The screenplay was written by Linklater and Eric Schlosser, loosely based on the latters bestselling 2001 non-fiction book of the same name, Don Anderson is the Mickeys hamburger chain marketing director who helped develop the Big One, its most popular menu item. Dons tour shows him only the work areas and most efficient procedures. Suspicious of the facade hes been shown, Don meets rancher Rudy Martin, Don later meets with Harry Rydell, executive VP of Mickeys, who admits being aware of the issue, but is not concerned. Amber is a young, upbeat employee of Mickeys, studying for college, Amber and Cindy are visited by Cindys brother Pete, who encourages Amber to leave town and start a real career. Amber eventually meets a group of activists, Andrew, Alice, and Paco. They proceed to sneak up to a pen at the plant. Upon hearing the police, they retreat and contemplate why the cattle decided to stay in confinement, Raul, his love interest Sylvia, and Sylvias sister Coco are illegal immigrants from Mexico, trying to make it in Colorado. They all go to Uni-Globe in hopes of finding a job - Raul becomes a cleaner, Sylvia, however, cannot take the environment, and instead finds a job as a hotel maid. Coco develops a habit, and begins an affair with her exploitative superior. In a work accident, a friend of Rauls falls in a machine, Raul, attempting to save him, falls and is injured. At the hospital, Sylvia is told that Raul was on amphetamines at work, because Raul is now unable to work, Sylvia has sex with Mike in order to find a job at Uni-Globe. She ends up working on the kill floor, the meat packing plant was in Mexico as well. Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes indicates that the film has an rating of 50%, based on 147 reviews. It is didactic, yes, but its also dialectical and its a mirror and a portrait, and a movie as necessary and nourishing as your next meal. The film is brimming with grand ambitions but trips on many of them as some characters arent given enough time to register. Ruthe Stein of the San Francisco Chronicle felt for all the good intentions. It doesnt hold together or grip you the way a documentary might have, the people are sketchily drawn - just when you start to care about one of them, he or she vanishes
21.
Waiting for "Superman"
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Waiting for Superman is a 2010 documentary film from director Davis Guggenheim and producer Lesley Chilcott. The film criticizes the American public education system by following several students as they strive to be accepted into a charter school, the film received the Audience Award for best documentary at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. The film also received the Best Documentary Feature at the Critics Choice Movie Awards, throughout the documentary, different aspects of the American public education system are examined. Teaching standards are called into question as there is often conflicting bureaucracy between teaching expectations at the school, state, or federal level, the film also examines teachers unions. Statistical comparisons are made between the different types of primary or secondary educational institutions available, state school, private school, there are also comparisons made between schools in affluent neighborhoods versus schools in poorer ones. Since charter schools do not operate with the restrictions as public institutions. Since many charter schools are not large enough to all of their applicants. The film follows several families as they attempt to access to prominent charter schools for their children. During its opening weekend in New York City and Los Angeles, the films title is based on an interview with Geoffrey Canada wherein he recounts being told by his mother that Superman was not real, and how he was saddened because there was nobody to save him. The film has earned praise and negative criticism from commentators, reformers, and educators. As of May 1,2011, the film has an 89% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, roger Ebert gave the movie 3. A good education, therefore, is not ruled out by poverty, uneducated parents or crime –, in fact, those are the very areas where he has success. Scott Bowles of USA Today lauded the film for its focus on the students, its hard to deny the power of Guggenheims lingering shots on these children, lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A−, calling it powerful, passionate, and potentially revolution-inducing. The Hollywood Reporter focused on Geoffrey Canadas performance as both the most inspiring and an entertaining speaker, while also noting it isnt exhaustive in its critique. Geraldo Rivera praised the film for promoting discussion of educational issues, deborah Kenny, CEO and founder of the Harlem Village Academies, made positive reference to the film in a The Wall Street Journal op-ed piece about education reform. The film has garnered praise from a number of conservative critics. Kyle Smith, for the New York Post, gave the movie 4.5 stars, forbes Melik Kaylan similarly liked the film, writing, I urge you all to drop everything and go see the documentary Waiting For Superman at the earliest opportunity. The film also received negative criticism, andrew OHehir of Salon wrote a negative review of the movie, saying that while theres a great deal thats appealing, theres also as much in this movie that is downright baffling
22.
Lincoln (film)
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Lincoln is a 2012 American epic historical drama film directed by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln. The film also features Sally Field, David Strathairn, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, James Spader, Hal Holbrook, the film was produced by Spielberg and frequent collaborator Kathleen Kennedy, through their respective production companies, Amblin Entertainment and the Kennedy/Marshall Company. Filming began October 17,2011, and ended on December 19,2011, Lincoln premiered on October 8,2012 at the New York Film Festival. The film was co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Participant Media, the film was distributed by Fox in international territories. Lincoln received widespread acclaim, with major praise directed to the acting, especially Day-Lewis performance. In December 2012, the film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director for Spielberg and winning Best Actor for Day-Lewis. At the 85th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for twelve Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director, it won for Best Production Design, the film was also a commercial success, grossing over $275 million at the box office. In January 1865, President Abraham Lincoln expects the Civil War to end soon – perhaps within a month – with the defeat of the Confederate States. Lincoln feels it is imperative to pass the amendment before that, even if all of them are ultimately brought on board, the amendment will still require the support of several Democratic congressmen if it is to pass. Lincoln, however, remains adamant about having the amendment in place and the issue of slavery settled before the war is concluded, therefore, in return for his support, Blair insists that Lincoln allow him to immediately engage the Confederate government in peace negotiations. Unable to proceed without Blairs support, however, Lincoln reluctantly authorizes Blairs mission, in the meantime, Lincoln and Secretary of State William Seward work on the issue of securing the necessary Democratic votes for the amendment. Furthermore, those members will soon be in need of employment, and Lincoln will have many federal jobs to fill as he begins his second term, which he sees as a tool he can use to his advantage. Meanwhile, Confederate envoys are ready to meet with Lincoln to discuss terms for peace, a rumor of their mission circulates, prompting both Democrats and conservative Republicans to advocate postponing the vote on the amendment. But in a carefully worded statement, Lincoln denies that there are envoys in Washington, black visitors to the gallery celebrate, and Stevens returns home to his housekeeper and lover, a mixed-race woman. On April 3, Lincoln visits the battlefield at Petersburg, Virginia, six days later, Grant receives General Robert E. Lees surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. The next morning at the Petersen House, Lincoln dies, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton declares, Lincoln is seen again delivering his second inaugural address. His performance as Abraham Lincoln earned him his third Academy Award for Best Actor, Sally Field as First Lady Mary Todd LincolnField was first announced to join the cast as early as September 2007, but officially joined the cast in April 2011. Field said, To have the opportunity to work with Steven Spielberg and Daniel Day-Lewis and to one of the most complicated
23.
Spotlight (film)
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Spotlight is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Josh Singer. It is based on a series of stories by the Spotlight team that earned The Globe the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. The film stars Mark Ruffalo, Michael Keaton, Rachel McAdams, John Slattery, Stanley Tucci, Brian dArcy James, Liev Schreiber, Spotlight was shown in the Out of Competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival. It was also shown at the Telluride Film Festival and the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, the film was released on November 6,2015, by Open Road Films and grossed $90 million worldwide. It won numerous guilds and critics awards, and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications. Spotlight won the Academy Award for Best Picture along with Best Original Screenplay from six nominations in total and this also marks the first film to win Best Picture from a different mini-major studio than Lionsgate, Summit, Miramax, or TWC. In 1976, at a Boston Police station, two policemen discuss the arrest of a Catholic priest for child molestation and the presence of a high ranking cleric talking to the mother of the children. The Assistant District Attorney then enters the precinct and tells the cops not to let the press get wind of what happened, the arrest is hushed up, and the priest is released. In 2001, The Boston Globe hires a new editor, Marty Baron, Baron meets Walter Robby Robinson, the editor of the newspapers Spotlight team, a small group of journalists writing investigative articles that take months to research and publish. Journalist Michael Rezendes contacts Garabedian, who declines to be interviewed. Though he is not to, Rezendes reveals that he is on the Spotlight team. Through Phil Saviano, who heads the victims rights group Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and they learn through Richard Sipe, a former priest who worked at trying to rehabilitate pedophile priests, that statistically there should be approximately 90 abusive priests in Boston. Through their research, they develop a list of 87 names, when the September 11 attacks occur, the team is forced to deprioritize the story. They regain momentum when Rezendes learns from Garabedian that there are publicly available documents that confirm Cardinal Law was made aware of the problem and ignored it. The story goes to print with a web link to the documents that expose Cardinal Laws inaction, the following morning, the Spotlight team is inundated with phone calls from victims coming forward to tell their stories. Mark Ruffalo as Michael Rezendes Michael Keaton as Walter Robby Robinson Rachel McAdams as Sacha Pfeiffer Liev Schreiber as Marty Baron John Slattery as Ben Bradlee, Jr. When McCarthy was asked how he and his co-author tackled the research and writing process, he stated, As I said, that’s probably some indication of how intimidating it was. And yeah, it was a lot of work, but it was exciting work and it was really interesting work, parsing through details of not just the investigation, but its findings, and trying to determine what was most helpful in telling our story
24.
History of the Jews in Canada
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Canadian Jews or, alternatively, Jewish Canadians are Canadian citizens of the Jewish faith or Jewish ethnicity. Jewish Canadians are a part of the greater Jewish diaspora and form the fourth largest Jewish community in the world, exceeded only by those in Israel, the United States, and France. As of 2011, Statistics Canada listed 329,500 adherents to the Jewish religion in Canada and 309,650 who claimed Jewish as an ethnicity. One does not necessarily include the other and studies which have attempted to combine the two streams have arrived at figures in excess of 375,000 Jews in Canada and this total would account for approximately 1. 1% of the Canadian population. The Jewish community in Canada is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a number of converts. The Jewish Canadian community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, one exception was Esther Brandeau, a Jewish girl who arrived in 1738 disguised as a boy and remained for a year before being sent back to France after refusing to convert. The earliest subsequent documentation of Jews in Canada are British Army records from the French and Indian War, in 1760, General Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst attacked and seized Montreal, winning Canada for the British. Several Jews were members of his regiments, and among his officer corps were five Jews, Samuel Jacobs, Emmanuel de Cordova, Aaron Hart, Hananiel Garcia, the most prominent of these five were the business associates Samuel Jacobs and Aaron Hart. From 1749, Jacobs had been supplying British army officers at Halifax, in 1758, he was at Fort Cumberland and the following year he was with Wolfes army at Quebec. Remaining in Canada, he became the dominant merchant of the Richelieu valley. Lieutenant Hart first arrived in Canada from New York City as Commissariat to Jeffery Amhersts forces at Montreal in 1760, after his service in the army had ended, he settled at Trois-Rivières. Eventually, he became a wealthy landowner and a respected community member. He had four sons, Moses, Benjamin, Ezekiel and Alexander, all of whom would become prominent in Montreal and help build the Jewish Community. One of his sons, Ezekiel, was elected to the legislature of Lower Canada in the by-election of April 11,1807, Ezekiel was expelled from the legislature with his religion a major factor. Sir James Henry Craig, Governor-General of Lower Canada, tried to protect Hart, French Canadians later saw this as an attempt of the British to undermine their role in Canada. Ezekiel was re-elected to the legislature, but Jews were not allowed to hold elected office in Canada until a generation later, most of the early Jewish Canadians were either fur traders or served in the British Army troops. A few were merchants or landowners, although Montreals Jewish community was small, numbering only around 200, they built the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue of Montreal, Shearith Israel, the oldest synagogue in Canada in 1768. Some sources date the establishment of synagogue to 1777 on Notre Dame Street
25.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
26.
Electrical engineering
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Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. This field first became an occupation in the later half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone. Subsequently, broadcasting and recording media made electronics part of daily life, the invention of the transistor, and later the integrated circuit, brought down the cost of electronics to the point they can be used in almost any household object. Electrical engineers typically hold a degree in engineering or electronic engineering. Practicing engineers may have professional certification and be members of a professional body, such bodies include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Institution of Engineering and Technology. Electrical engineers work in a wide range of industries and the skills required are likewise variable. These range from basic circuit theory to the management skills required of a project manager, the tools and equipment that an individual engineer may need are similarly variable, ranging from a simple voltmeter to a top end analyzer to sophisticated design and manufacturing software. Electricity has been a subject of scientific interest since at least the early 17th century and he also designed the versorium, a device that detected the presence of statically charged objects. In the 19th century, research into the subject started to intensify, Electrical engineering became a profession in the later 19th century. Practitioners had created an electric telegraph network and the first professional electrical engineering institutions were founded in the UK. Over 50 years later, he joined the new Society of Telegraph Engineers where he was regarded by other members as the first of their cohort, Practical applications and advances in such fields created an increasing need for standardised units of measure. They led to the standardization of the units volt, ampere, coulomb, ohm, farad. This was achieved at a conference in Chicago in 1893. During these years, the study of electricity was considered to be a subfield of physics. Thats because early electrical technology was electromechanical in nature, the Technische Universität Darmstadt founded the worlds first department of electrical engineering in 1882. The first course in engineering was taught in 1883 in Cornell’s Sibley College of Mechanical Engineering. It was not until about 1885 that Cornell President Andrew Dickson White established the first Department of Electrical Engineering in the United States, in the same year, University College London founded the first chair of electrical engineering in Great Britain. Professor Mendell P. Weinbach at University of Missouri soon followed suit by establishing the engineering department in 1886
27.
North York
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North York is a suburban district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located north of Old Toronto, between Etobicoke to the west and Scarborough to the east. As of the 2011 Census, it had a population of 655,913 and it was first created as a township in 1922 out of the northern part of the former city of York, a municipality that was located along the western border of Old Toronto. Following its inclusion in Metropolitan Toronto in 1954, it was one of the fastest growing parts of the due to its proximity to Old Toronto. In 1998, North York was amalgamated with the rest of Metropolitan Toronto to form the new city of Toronto, the Township of North York was formed on June 13,1922 out of the rural part of the Township of York. The rapidly growing parts of the township remained in that township, as North York became more populous, it became the Borough of North York in 1967, and then on February 14,1979, the City of North York. To commemorate receiving its city charter on St. Valentines Day and it now forms the largest part of the area served by the North York Community Council, a committee of Toronto City Council. North York used to be known as an agricultural hub composed of scattered villages. The area boomed following World War II, and by the 1950s and 1960s, on August 10,2008, a massive explosion occurred at the Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases propane facility just southwest of the Toronto-Downsview Airport. This destroyed the depot and damaged several homes nearby, about 13,000 residents were evacuated for several days before being allowed back home. One employee at the company was killed in the blast and one died while attending to the scene of the accident. A follow-up investigation to the incident made several recommendations concerning propane supply depots and it asked for a review of setback distances between depots and nearby residential areas but didnt call for restrictions on where they can be located. North York residents are highly multicultural, the neighbourhood with the largest percentage of visible minorities in North York is the Grandravine-Yorkwoods area in Jane and Finch with 93%. The western half of North York is culturally different from the eastern half, chinese cultural groups dominate the eastern half of North York making up 22% of the population from Yonge Street to Victoria Park Avenue. South Asians are mainly spread out evenly in North York, there are large South Asian communities in Emery and Flemingdon Park. The neighbourhood with the largest percentage of South Asians in North York Gateway-Glenway area is Flemingdon Park with 46%, Black Canadians dominate the western half of North York making up 19% of the population past Allen Road. Most of North Yorks Black community is along Jane Street and areas around it, smaller areas such as Jane and Finch, Lawrence Heights, and Trethewey had more than 40% of its population identified as Black. Most are from the Caribbean but there is also a large west African population, the Jane & Wilson neighbourhood has the largest Ghanaian community in Toronto
28.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
29.
Information technology
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Information technology is the application of computers to store, study, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a subset of information and communications technology, the term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that the new technology not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology, based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development, pre-mechanical, mechanical, electromechanical, electronic. This article focuses on the most recent period, which began in about 1940, devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick. Electronic computers, using either relays or valves, began to appear in the early 1940s, the electromechanical Zuse Z3, completed in 1941, was the worlds first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered a complete computing machine. Colossus, developed during the Second World War to decrypt German messages was the first electronic digital computer, although it was programmable, it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory, programming was carried out using plugs, the first recognisably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, which ran its first program on 21 June 1948. The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with reduced power consumption. The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I, by comparison the first transistorised computer, developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953, consumed only 150 watts in its final version. Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes. IBM introduced the first hard drive in 1956, as a component of their 305 RAMAC computer system. Most digital data today is stored magnetically on hard disks. Until 2002 most information was stored on analog devices, but that year digital storage capacity exceeded analog for the first time. As of 2007 almost 94% of the data stored worldwide was held digitally, 52% on hard disks, 28% on optical devices and 11% on digital magnetic tape. It has been estimated that the capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3 exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007. Database management systems emerged in the 1960s to address the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data accurately and quickly, one of the earliest such systems was IBMs Information Management System, which is still widely deployed more than 50 years later
30.
Knight Ridder
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Knight Ridder /ˈrɪdər/ was an American media company, specializing in newspaper and Internet publishing. Until it was bought by The McClatchy Company on June 27,2006, it was the second-largest newspaper publisher in the United States and its headquarters were located in San Jose, California. The corporate ancestors of Knight Ridder were Knight Newspapers, Inc. and Ridder Publications, the first company was founded by John S. As anti-German sentiment increased in the period, Ridder successfully transitioned into English language publishing by acquiring The Journal of Commerce in 1926. Both companies went public in 1969 and merged on July 11,1974, for a brief time, the combined company was the largest newspaper publisher in the United States. Knight Ridder had a history of innovation in technology. It was the first newspaper publisher to experiment with videotex when it launched its Viewtron system in 1983, after investing six years of research and $50 million into the service, Knight Ridder shut down Viewtron in 1986 when the services interactivity features proved more popular than news delivery. Knight-Ridder purchased Dialog Information Services Inc. from Lockheed Corporation in August 1988, in October 1988, the company placed its eight broadcast television stations up for sale to reduce debt and to pay for the purchase of Dialog. It was, at the time, the most expensive acquisition in history. For most of its existence, the company was based in Miami, the internet division had been established there three years earlier. The company rented several floors in a downtown high-rise as its new corporate base, in November 2005, the company announced plans for strategic initiatives, which involved the possible sale of the company. This came after three major institutional shareholders publicly urged management to put the company up for sale, at the time, the company had a higher profit margin than many Fortune 500 companies, including ExxonMobil. On March 13,2006, The McClatchy Company announced its agreement to purchase Knight Ridder for a price of $6.5 billion in cash, stock. The deal gave McClatchy 32 daily newspapers in 29 markets, with a circulation of 3.3 million. However, for reasons, McClatchy decided immediately to resell twelve of these papers. On April 26,2006, McClatchy announced it was selling the San Jose Mercury News, Contra Costa Times, Monterey Herald, merged with PressLink to become MediaStream. Merged with Vu/Text to become MediaStream, acquired by Global Financial trading as Bridge Data. RealCities was a website for Knight-Ridder group
31.
Pierre Omidyar
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Pierre Morad Omidyar is a French-born Iranian-American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the founder of the auction site where he served as chairman from 1998 to 2015. He became a billionaire at the age of 31 with eBays 1998 initial public offering, Omidyar and his wife Pamela are well-known philanthropists who founded Omidyar Network in 2004 in order to expand their efforts beyond non-profits to include for-profits and public policy. Since 2010, Omidyar has been involved in journalism as the head of investigative reporting. In 2013, he announced that he would create and finance First Look Media, a venture to include Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras. Omidyar was born in Paris, the son of Iranian immigrant parents who had sent to France by their parents to attend university. He was given the name of Parviz and his mother, Elahé Mir-Djalali Omidyar, who did her doctorate in linguistics at the Sorbonne, is an academic. The name of his father, a surgeon who worked as a urologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is undisclosed, due to his fathers work the family moved to the United States when Omidyar was a child. His interest in computers began while he was a student at The Potomac School in McLean. He graduated from St. Andrews Episcopal School in Potomac, Maryland and he graduated from Tufts University in Medford/Somerville, Massachusetts, with a bachelors degree in computer science in 1988. Shortly after, he went to work for Claris, an Apple Computer subsidiary, in 1991, he co-founded Ink Development, a pen-based computing startup that later was rebranded as an e-commerce company and renamed eShop. In 1995, at the age of 28, Omidyar began to write the computer code for an online venue to enable the listing of a direct person-to-person auction for collectible items. The service was one of several items on Omidyars website eBay. com. The first item sold on the site was a laser pointer. Omidyar was astonished that anyone would pay for the device in its broken state, the business exploded as correspondents began to register trade goods of an unimaginable variety. Omidyar incorporated the enterprise, the fee he collected on each sale financed the expansion of the site. The revenue soon outstripped his salary at General Magic and nine months later, by 1996, when Omidyar signed a licensing deal to offer airline tickets online, the site had hosted 250,000 auctions. In the first month of 1997, it hosted two million, by the middle of that year, eBay was hosting nearly 800,000 auctions a day
32.
Meg Whitman
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Margaret Cushing Meg Whitman is an American business executive and political activist and donor. Whitman is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, a native of Cold Spring Harbor, New York, Whitman is a graduate of Princeton University, New Jersey, and Harvard Business School, Massachusetts. Whitman served as an executive in The Walt Disney Company, where she was Vice President of Strategic Planning throughout the 1980s, in the 1990s, Whitman served as an executive for DreamWorks, Procter & Gamble, and Hasbro. Whitman served as President and Chief Executive Officer of eBay, from 1998 to 2008, during Whitmans 10 years with the company, she oversaw its expansion from 30 employees and $4 million in annual revenue, to more than 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue. In 2014, Whitman was named 20th in Forbes List of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World, in 2008, Whitman was cited by The New York Times as among the women most likely to become the first female President of the United States. In February 2009, Whitman announced her candidacy for Governor of California, Whitman won the Republican primary in June 2010. Whitman was defeated by Democratic former Governor Jerry Brown in the 2010 California gubernatorial election by 54% to 41%, Whitman was born in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, the daughter of Margaret Cushing and Hendricks Hallett Whitman, Jr. Her patrilineal great-great-great-grandfather, Elnathan Whitman, was a member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, through her father, Whitman is also a great-great-granddaughter of U. S. On her mothers side, she is a great-granddaughter of historian and jurist Munroe Smith and her paternal grandmother, born Adeladie Chatfield-Taylor, was the daughter of writer Hobart Chatfield-Taylor and the sister of economist Wayne Chatfield-Taylor. Whitman attended Cold Spring Harbor High School in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, in her memoirs, she says she was in the top 10 of her class. She wanted to be a doctor, so she studied math, however, after spending a summer selling advertisements for a magazine, she changed over to the study of economics, earning a B. A. with honors in 1977. Whitman then obtained an M. B. A. from Harvard Business School in 1979, Whitman is married to Griffith Harsh IV, a neurosurgeon at Stanford University Medical Center. She has lived in Atherton, California, since March 1998, Whitman College, a residential college completed in 2007 at Princeton University, was named for Meg Whitman following her $30 million donation. Beginning her career in 1979 as a manager at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati. Whitman later moved on to work as a consultant at Bain & Companys San Francisco office and she then rose through the ranks to achieve the position of senior vice president. Whitman became vice president of planning at The Walt Disney Company in 1989. Two years later she joined the Stride Rite Corporation, before becoming president, as Hasbros Playskool Division General Manager, she oversaw global management and marketing of two childrens brands, Playskool and Mr. Potato Head starting in January 1997. She also imported the UKs childrens television show Teletubbies into the U. S. Whitman joined eBay on March 1998, during her time as CEO, the company grew to approximately 15,000 employees and $8 billion in annual revenue by 2008
33.
American Gun (2005 film)
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American Gun is a 2005 American film produced by Participant Productions, IFC Films, IFC First Take, and Spirit Dance Entertainment. It was written in 2001 by Steven Bagatourian and Aric Avelino, Avelino attended Loyola Marymount University and made the film with many LMU alumni, including producer Ted Kroeber. The film took two and a years to finance. The central idea came from a Column One article in the Los Angeles Times, Avelino was very appreciative of the directitorial advice of Forest Whitaker, one of the films producers. The first actress attached to the project was Marcia Gay Harden, American Gun centers around three stories dealing with the results of gun use, an inner city school principal, a single mother, and an A student who works at her familys gun shop. It was featured on the IFC program First Take, independent Spirit Awards NominationsBest Feature, Ted Kroeber, producer. Best Supporting Female, Marcia Gay Harden, American Gun at the Internet Movie Database American Gun at Rotten Tomatoes LMU alumni press release about the movie. American Gun official site IFC First Take
34.
The Kite Runner (film)
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The Kite Runner is a 2007 American drama film directed by Marc Forster. The screenplay by David Benioff is based on the novel of the name by Khaled Hosseini. It tells the story of Amir, a boy from the Wazir Akbar Khan district of Kabul, who is tormented by the guilt of abandoning his friend Hassan. Though most of the film is set in Afghanistan, these parts were shot in Kashgar, China. The majority of the dialogue is in Dari, with the remainder spoken in English. The child actors are native speakers, but several adult actors had to learn Dari, filming wrapped up on December 21,2006, and the film was expected to be released on November 2,2007. The Kite Runner was released on DVD on March 25,2008, made on a budget of $20 million, the film earned $73.2 million worldwide, making it a box office success. The film was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2007, the films score by Alberto Iglesias was nominated for Best Original Score at the Golden Globes and the Academy Awards. The film opens with an Afghan-American writer Amir Qadiri and his wife, Soraya, when they arrive home, Amir finds waiting for him packages of his new novel, A Season for Ashes, which has just been published. Soraya refers to the book as Amir’s “baby, ” hinting at the inability to have a child of their own. Amir then receives a call from an old friend of his father’s, Rahim Khan. Ten-year-old Amir is the son of a man, known locally by the honorific title “Agha Sahib”. Baba, a philanthropist and iconoclast, is a Pashtun living in Kabul, Amir’s best friend Hassan is the son of the Agha Sahib’s Hazara servant, Ali. Amir participates in the sport of fighting, popular among the boys of Kabul. Two kite flyers compete to cut each other’s kite strings, the defeated kite becoming the prize of the winner, Hassan serves as Amir’s spool-holder and “kite runner, ” who retrieves the defeated kite. Hassan has the ability to determine where the kite will land without watching its course through the air. Hassan has deadly aim with his slingshot, and one day on Hassan’s birthday, Hassan pledges his loyalty to Amir, swearing that he would eat dirt if Amir so asked. Amir also is a writer, and he reads to the illiterate Hassan
35.
South Africa
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South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost country in Africa. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and it is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, the remaining population consists of Africas largest communities of European, Asian, and multiracial ancestry. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a variety of cultures, languages. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the recognition of 11 official languages. The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup détat, however, the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to recover its rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a role in the countrys recent history. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalising previous racial segregation, since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have held political representation in the countrys democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the Rainbow Nation to describe the multicultural diversity. The World Bank classifies South Africa as an economy. Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 34th-largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed, nevertheless, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence. The name South Africa is derived from the geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa in English, since 1961 the long form name in English has been the Republic of South Africa. In Dutch the country was named Republiek van Zuid-Afrika, replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans Republiek van Suid-Afrika, since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages. Mzansi, derived from the Xhosa noun umzantsi meaning south, is a name for South Africa. South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human fossil sites in the world, extensive fossil remains have been recovered from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has termed the Cradle of Humankind
36.
Darfur Now
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Darfur Now is a 2007 documentary film examining the genocide in Darfur, Sudan. It was written and directed by Ted Braun and produced by Don Cheadle, Mark Jonathan Harris, executive Producers included Jeffrey Skoll, Omar Amanat, Dean Schramm, Diane Weyermann, and Matt Palmieri. The film is a call to action for all over the world to help the ongoing crisis in Darfur. Darfur Now premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival, the film was released in the United States and Canada on November 2,2007. Darfur Now follows the story of six individuals, who are tied together by the same cause, eyes and Ears Of God – Video surveillance of Sudan, a 2012 documentary film Nuba Conversations, a 2000 documentary film Sri Lankas Killing Fields, a 2011 documentary film. Darfur Now at MySpace Darfur Now at the Internet Movie Database Darfur Now at Rotten Tomatoes Darfur Now at Metacritic Darfur Now at Box Office Mojo Darfur Now at AllMovie
37.
Genocide
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Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part. The hybrid word genocide is a combination of the Greek word génos, the United Nations Genocide Convention, which was established in 1948, defines genocide as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group. The term genocide was coined in a 1943 book responding to mass murder of populations in the 20th century, in 1943, Raphael Lemkin created the term genocide in his book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. The book describes the implementation of Nazi policies in occupied Europe, the term described the systematic destruction of a nation or people, and the word was quickly adopted by many in the international community. The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno-, Lemkin defined genocide as follows, Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass killings of all members of a nation. The preamble to the 1948 Genocide Convention notes that instances of genocide have taken place throughout history. Lemkins lifelong interest in the murder of populations in the 20th century was initially in response to the killing of Armenians in 1915. He dedicated his life to mobilizing the international community, to together to prevent the occurrence of such events. In a 1949 interview, Lemkin said I became interested in genocide because it happened so many times and it happened to the Armenians, then after the Armenians, Hitler took action. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention, the CPPCG was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 9 December 1948 and came into effect on 12 January 1951. The USSR argued that the Conventions definition should follow the etymology of the term, and may have feared greater international scrutiny of its own Great Purge. Other nations feared that including political groups in the definition would invite international intervention in domestic politics. ”The conventions purpose and scope was later described by the United Nations Security Council as follows, In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights, noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements, in the case of Onesphore Rwabukombe the German Supreme Court adhered to its previous judgement and didnt follow the narrow interpretation of the ICTY and the ICJ. The phrase in whole or in part has been subject to discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 ICTY8 that Genocide had been committed. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the destruction of entire human groups. The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion. The judges continue in paragraph 12, The determination of when the part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations
38.
Don Cheadle
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Donald Frank Don Cheadle Jr. is an American actor, writer, producer, and director. He had a role in Hamburger Hill, before building his career in the 1990s with performances in Devil in a Blue Dress, Rosewood. He started a collaboration with director Steven Soderbergh that resulted in the films Out of Sight, Traffic and Oceans Eleven. Other films include Volcano, The Rat Pack, Things Behind the Sun, Swordfish, Crash, Oceans Twelve, Oceans Thirteen, Reign Over Me, Talk to Me, Traitor and The Guard. Cheadle co-wrote, directed and starred in Miles Ahead, based on the life of jazz musician Miles Davis. He plays the superhero Colonel James Rhodey Rhodes / War Machine in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and has appeared in Iron Man 2, Iron Man 3, Avengers, Age of Ultron and Captain America, Civil War. He stars as Marty Kaan on the Showtime sitcom House of Lies, for which he most recently won a Golden Globe Award in 2013. Cheadle has campaigned to end the genocide in Darfur, Sudan, and co-authored, with John Prendergast, in 2010, Cheadle was named U. N. Cheadle was born in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of Bettye, a teacher and he has a sister, Cindy, and a brother, Colin. His family moved from city to city throughout his childhood, after he graduated from East, Cheadle went on to California Institute of the Arts, graduating with a BFA in Acting. Cheadle first became eligible for his Screen Actors Guild card when he appeared as a burger joint employee in the 1985 comedy Moving Violations. He then appeared in Hamburger Hill in 1987, and played the role of Jack in the April 1,1988 Jung, although his character was supposed to be 16 years old, Cheadle was 23 at the time. Cheadle then played the role of Rocket in the 1988 movie Colors, in 1989, he appeared in a video for Angela Winbushs No.2 hit single Its the Real Thing, performing dance moves in an orange jump suit, working at a car wash. In 1990, he appeared in an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air titled Homeboy, Sweet Homeboy, playing Will Smiths friend and Hilarys first love interest, in 1992, he played a supporting role in The Golden Girls spin-off The Golden Palace. Cheadle subsequently played district attorney John Littleton on three seasons of Picket Fences, following soon thereafter was his performance in the title role of the 1996 HBO TV movie Rebound, The Legend of Earl The Goat Manigault. He also starred in the 1997 film Volcano, directed by Mick Jackson, Cheadles television credits include Emmy-nominated performances in the movies The Rat Pack, A Lesson Before Dying, Things Behind the Sun and in a guest appearance on ER. The last of these four episodes during the shows ninth season, in which he portrayed Paul Nathan. He has made appearances in films including Rosewood, The Family Man, Boogie Nights, an appearance in the film Abby Singer, Out of Sight, Traffic
39.
Jimmy Carter
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James Earl Jimmy Carter Jr. is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. In 2002, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the Carter Center, Carter was a Democrat who was raised in rural Georgia. He was a farmer who served two terms as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967, and one as the Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975. He was elected President in 1976, defeating incumbent President Gerald Ford in a close election. On his second day in office, Carter pardoned all evaders of the Vietnam War drafts, during Carters term as President, two new cabinet-level departments, the Department of Energy and the Department of Education, were established. He established an energy policy that included conservation, price control. In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. On the economic front he confronted persistent stagflation, a combination of inflation, high unemployment. The end of his tenure was marked by the 1979–1981 Iran hostage crisis, the 1979 energy crisis, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. In response to the Soviet move he ended détente, escalated the Cold War, Carter won the 1980 primary with 51. 13% of the vote but lost the general election in an electoral landslide to Republican nominee Ronald Reagan, who won 44 of 50 states. His presidency has drawn medium-low responses from historians, with many considering him to have accomplished more with his post-presidency work and he set up the Carter Center in 1982 as his base for advancing human rights. He has also traveled extensively to conduct negotiations, observe elections. Additionally, Carter is a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity project, since surpassing Herbert Hoover in September 2012, he has been the longest-retired president in American history. He is also the first president to mark the 40th anniversary of his election and inauguration, in reference to current political views, he has criticized some of Israels actions and policies in regards to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two-state solution. James Earl Carter, Jr. was born on October 1,1924, at the Wise Sanitarium in Plains and he is a descendant of English immigrant Thomas Carter, who settled in Virginia in 1635. Numerous generations of Carters lived as farmers in Georgia. Carter is also a descendant of Thomas Cornell, an ancestor of Cornell Universitys founder and of Richard Nixon, Plains was a boomtown of 600 people at the time of Carters birth. His father, James Earl Carter, Sr. was a local businessman who ran a general store and had begun to invest in farmland
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US$4.5 billion (October 2017)[1]