Jeffries Wyman was an American anatomist, curator, and professor. He was the first curator of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and taught anatomy at Harvard Medical School from 1847 to 1874.

After Boston businessman George Parkman disappeared in November 1849, his dismembered and partially burned body was found in the laboratory of John Webster, a lecturer at Harvard Medical College; Webster was convicted of Parkman's murder and hanged. Highly publicized because of its gruesome nature and the high social status of Parkman and Webster, the case was one of the earliest in which forensic evidence was used to identify a body.