1.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
2.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
3.
Alexander Campbell (American politician)
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Alexander Campbell was a National Republican politician from Ohio. He served in the United States Senate, born in Frederick County, Virginia, Campbell moved to eastern Tennessee and then to Kentucky with his parents. After studying medicine at Transylvania University, Campbell moved to Ohio in 1803 and he served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1807 until 1809-12-12, when he resigned his position to be a U. S. Senator. He again served in the State House in 1819 and from 1832 to 1833 and he ran unsuccessfully for the governorship in 1826. Ohio Presidential elector in 1820 for James Monroe, Ohio Presidential elector in 1836 for William Henry Harrison. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Taylor, William Alexander, Taylor, Aubrey Clarence. Ohio statesmen and annals of progress, from the year 1788 to the year 1900
4.
William A. Trimble
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William Allen Trimble was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio. He served in the United States Senate, Trimble was born in Woodford, Kentucky, the son of James and Jane Trimble. He graduated from Transylvania College and was admitted to the bar in 1811 and he briefly practiced law in Highland County, Ohio from 1811 to 1812. In the subsequent years he served in a variety of capacities, mostly with the Ohio militia and he was a major of the Ohio Volunteers in 1812 and major of the Twenty-sixth United States Infantry in 1813. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1814 and then to lieutenant colonel of the First United States Infantry in 1814. He was transferred to the Eighth United States Infantry in 1815 and served there until his resignation in 1819, Trimble served in the Senate until his death two years later. He died in Washington, D. C. on December 13,1821 and is interred in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, tuttle, Mary McArthur Thompson, William Allen Trimble, United States Senator from Ohio. Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 14, biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-03-24 William A. Trimble, Trimble, William A. Appletons Cyclopædia of American Biography
5.
Governor of Ohio
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The Governor of the State of Ohio is the head of the executive branch of Ohios state government and the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. There have been 63 governors of Ohio, serving 69 distinct terms, the longest term was held by Jim Rhodes, who was elected four times and served just under sixteen years in two non-consecutive periods of two terms each. Pattison, who died in five months into his term. The current governor is John Kasich, who took office on January 10,2011, to become governor of Ohio, a candidate must be a qualified elector in the state. This means that any candidate for governor must be at least 18 years old at the time of election, a resident of Ohio for at least 30 days before the election. Convicted felons and those deemed by the courts as incompetent to vote are not eligible, the governor is the commander-in-chief of the states military forces. On July 13,1787, the Northwest Territory was formed, as territories were split from it, one of them eventually came to represent the area of present-day Ohio. Throughout its 15-year history, Northwest Territory had only one governor, there was no Ohio Territory, Ohio is considered the successor state to the Northwest Territory. Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1,1803, since then, it has had 62 governors, six of whom served non-consecutive terms. The first constitution of 1803 allowed governors to serve for two terms, limited to six of any eight years, commencing on the first Monday in the December following an election. The current constitution of 1851 removed the limit, and shifted the start of the term to the second Monday in January following an election. In 1908, Ohio switched from holding elections in odd-numbered years to even-numbered years, a 1957 amendment lengthened the term to four years and allowed governors to only succeed themselves once, having to wait four years after their second term in a row before being allowed to run again. An Ohio Supreme Court ruling in 1973 clarified this to mean governors could theoretically serve unlimited terms, should the office of governor become vacant due to death, resignation, or conviction of impeachment, the lieutenant governor assumes the title of governor. Should the office of lieutenant governor also become vacant, the president of the senate becomes the acting governor, prior to 1851, the speaker of the senate acted as governor for the term. Since 1978, the governor and lieutenant governor have been elected on the ticket, prior to then. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Ohio, * Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship. † Denotes those offices from which the governor resigned to take the governorship, as of January 2017, there are four former governors of Ohio who are currently living at this time, the oldest Governor of Ohio being Dick Celeste. The most recent death of a former Governor of Ohio was that of George Voinovich on June 12,2016, Voinovich is also the most recently serving Governor of Ohio to die
6.
Allen Trimble
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Allen Trimble was a Federalist and National Republican politician from Ohio. Son of James Trimble and Jane Allen and he served as the eighth and tenth Governor of Ohio, first concurrently as Senate Speaker, later elected twice in his own right. Governor Trimble was born Hugh Allen Trimble in Augusta County, Virginia to James Trimble, Revolutionary War veteran and he was of Ulster Scots ancestry. In October 1784, his father moved his family to a land grant in then Fayette County. In October 1804, James Trimble died leaving Allen head of the family, Allen Trimble moved them to a homestead he and his father had established outside of Hillsboro, Ohio. Trimble was a clerk of the Common Pleas Court in 1808 and he also served as recorder of deeds in 1808. After briefly serving during the War of 1812, Trimble served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1816 to 1817, Trimble ran an election for a full term in 1822, but narrowly lost. He challenged Jeremiah Morrow again in 1824, narrowing the distance between the two, but still losing and he won a landslide election in 1826, however, as a National Republican and then won a second full term in 1828. Trimble did not seek re-election in 1830 and he then retired to farming, taking little part in politics for the next quarter-century, but did consent to accepting the nomination of the Know-Nothings for governor in 1855. Trimble came in third, losing to Republican US Senator Salmon Chase, in 1860 he was a delegate to the Constitutional Union Party convention in Baltimore. Trimble died at his farm in Ohio, and was buried in Hillsboro Cemetery in Hillsboro. Trimble, Ohio, a village in Athens County, Ohio, is named in Trimbles honor, Court Street, a street in Hillsboro, Ohio, on the north side of the Highland County Courthouse, was renamed Governor Trimble Place in 1974. Trimbles daughter, Eliza, helped to initiate the movement in the United States. Trimble is an ancestor of astronomer Virginia Louise Trimble National Governors Association Ohio Memory Allen Trimble at Find a Grave Trimble, Allen
7.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
8.
Ohio's at-large congressional district
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Ohios At-large congressional district existed from 1803 to 1813, from 1913 to 1915, from 1933 to 1953 and from 1963 until 1967, when it was banned by the Voting Rights Act of 1965. From statehood in 1803 until the 1813 redistricting following the 1810 census, Ohio had only one member of the United States House of Representatives, after the 1810 census, the at-large seat was eliminated. It was reinstated after the 1910 census, from the 1930 census to the 1940 census, there were two seats elected at-large, on a general ticket. In 1953, the seat was eliminated, in 1967, the seat was eliminated, and constituted instead as Ohios 24th congressional district, until its elimination after the Census of 1970. The following chart shows historic election results, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present Ohios at-large congressional district
9.
Ohio's 4th congressional district
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Ohios 4th congressional district is represented by Republican Jim Jordan. The congressional district was redrawn from the district to stretch from Lima, to include the northwestern suburbs of Columbus, up to Tiffin. From 2002 to 2012 the district included the counties of Allen, Auglaize, Champaign, Hancock, Hardin, Logan, Marion, Morrow, Richland, Shelby, the largest cities in the district include Lima, Mansfield, Marion, and Sidney. The following chart shows historic election results, list of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
10.
Thomas Corwin
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As a senator, he opposed the Mexican-American War. The Amendment would have forbidden the Federal Government from outlawing slavery, Corwin, son of Matthias Corwin and Patience Halleck, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky on July 29,1794. Corwins father served eleven times in the Ohio Legislature, corwins cousin Moses Bledso Corwin was a United States Congressman from Ohio, and his nephew Franklin Corwin was a United States Congressman from Illinois. Corwin moved with his parents to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1798, during the War of 1812, he served as a wagon boy in General William Henry Harrisons Army. In 1815, he study of law in the offices of Joshua Collett, He was admitted to the bar in 1817, commencing practice in Lebanon. On November 13,1822, he married Sarah Ross, sister of Thomas R. Ross, then a member of Congress, at Lebanon. As a Freemason, he served the Grand Lodge of Ohio as Grand Orator in 1821 and 1826, Deputy Grand Master in 1823 and 1827 and Grand Master in 1828. From 1822 to 1823, and in 1829, Corwin was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, known for his sharp wit, debating skills and endless campaigning, he was elected Governor in 1840, defeating incumbent Wilson Shannon. Shannon defeated Corwin in a two years later. Corwin was a Presidential elector in 1844 for the Whig Party ticket of Henry Clay, Corwin was also a member of the United States Senate, having been elected by the Ohio General Assembly as a Whig and served from March 4,1845 to July 20,1850. As a legislator he spoke seldom, but always with great ability, his most famous speech being one given on February 11,1847, opposing the Mexican-American War. Like his immediate predecessor, William M. Meredith, Corwin believed in a protective tariff, as a longtime Whig, however, Corwin was unsuccessful in passing any tariff legislation in a Congress controlled by Democrats. He retired as Secretary shortly after the end of Filmores administration, in 1857, former Ohio Governor William Bebb shot a man and was tried in 1858 for manslaughter in Winnebago County, Illinois, where he lived. Corwin and co-council Judge William Johnston obtained an acquittal with an argument of self-defense and he was again elected to the House of Representatives in 1858, this time as a Republican and a member of the 36th Congress. To that end, he sponsored a proposed Constitutional Amendment, which became known as the Corwin Amendment. The proposed amendment passed the Senate on March 2, however, only five states ratified it, and war began anyway. Thus, the initiative failed in its goal of preventing the outbreak of the American Civil War. After resigning from his post as Minister, Corwin settled in Washington, D. C. in 1864 and he is interred in Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, Ohio
"Morrow, Jeremiah". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
