1.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
4.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
5.
Country rock
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Country rock is subgenre of popular music, formed from the fusion of rock and country. It was developed by musicians who began to record country-flavored records in the late-1960s and early-1970s. These musicians recorded rock records using country themes, vocal styles, country rock began with Bob Dylan and The Byrds, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Emmylou Harris, the Eagles, Michael Nesmith, Poco and Pure Prairie League. Country rock also influenced artists in genres, including The Band, Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones. It also played a part in the development of Southern rock, john Einarson states, From a variety of perspectives and motivations, these musicians either played rock & roll attitude, or added a country feel to rock, or folk, or bluegrass, there was no formula. Dylans lead was followed by The Byrds, who were joined by Gram Parsons in 1968. Parsons had mixed country with rock, blues and folk to create what he called Cosmic American Music. Earlier in the year Parsons had released Safe at Home with the International Submarine Band, the result of Parsons brief tenure in the Byrds was Sweetheart of the Rodeo, generally considered one of the finest and most influential recordings in the genre. Country rock was a popular style in the California music scene of the late 1960s. Some folk-rockers followed the Byrds into the genre, among them the Beau Brummels, one of the few acts to successfully move from the country side towards rock were the bluegrass band The Dillards. Former members of Ronstadts backing band went on to form the Eagles, however, the principal country influence in the Eagles came from Bernie Leadon of the Flying Burrito Brothers, and little country influence was left in the band after he left in late 1975. The genre declined in popularity in the late 1970s, but some established artists, List of country rock albums List of country rock musicians
6.
Outlaw country
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Outlaw country is a subgenre of American country music, most popular during the 1970s and early-1980s, sometimes referred to as the outlaw movement or simply outlaw music. The music has its roots in earlier subgenres like honky tonk and rockabilly and is characterized by a blend of rock and folk rhythms, country instrumentation and introspective lyrics. The movement began as a reaction to the production and popular structures of the Nashville sound developed by record producers like Chet Atkins. The outlaw sound has its roots in honky tonk music of the 1940s and 1950s, rockabilly of the 1950s, early outlaws were particularly influenced by predecessors like Hank Williams, Elvis Presley, and Buddy Holly. However, an even greater transition occurred after Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson were able to secure their own recording rights, the 1960s was a decade of enormous change, and that change was also reflected in the music of the time. The Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones and many who followed in their wake cast off the role of the recording artist. They wrote their own material, they had creative input in their albums, while Nashville continued to be the focus of mainstream country music, cities like Lubbock and Austin became the creative centers of outlaw country. Southern rock also had a influence on the outlaw country movement. The origin of the label is debated. The term is attributed to Ladies Love Outlaws, a song by Lee Clayton. Another plausible explanation is the use of the term a year later by publicist Hazel Smith of Glaser Studios to describe the music of Jennings and Tompall Glaser. Art critic Dave Hickey, who wrote a 1974 profile in Country Music magazine, in 1976, the Outlaw movement solidified the term with the release of Wanted. The Outlaws, an album featuring songs sung by Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Jessi Colter. The Outlaws became the first country album to be platinum-certified, reaching sales of one million, as Southern rock flourished, veteran country artists incorporated rock into their music in this genre. Songwriters/ guitarists such as Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, and Hank Williams, Jr. shed formulaic Nashville sound, grew long hair, fiercely independent, the outlaws abandoned lush orchestrations, stripped the music to its country core, and added a rock sensibility to the sound. Although Jennings and Nelson are regarded as the outlaws, there were several other writers and performers who provided the material that infused the movement with the outlaw spirit. Jennings, in particular, forced his record company to let him produce his own albums, in 1973 he produced Lonesome, Onry and Mean. The theme song was written by Steve Young, a songwriter and performer who never made it in the mainstream, the follow-up album for Jennings was Honky Tonk Heroes and the songwriting hero was Texan Billy Joe Shaver
7.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
8.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
9.
Rockabilly
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Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered classic rock, some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll. The term rockabilly itself is a portmanteau of rock and hillbilly, other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie woogie, jump blues, and electric blues. An interest in the genre endures even in the 21st century, Rockabilly has left a legacy, spawning a variety of sub-styles and influencing other genres such as punk rock. There was a relationship between blues and country music from the very earliest country recordings in the 1920s. The first nationwide country hit was Wreck of the Old 97, backed with Lonesome Road Blues, during the 1930s and 1940s, two new sounds emerged. Recordings of Willss from the mid 1940s to the early 1950s include two beat jazz rhythms, jazz choruses, and guitar work that preceded early rockabilly recordings, wills is quoted as saying Rock and Roll. Why, man, thats the kind of music weve been playin since 1928. But its just basic rhythm and has gone by a lot of different names in my time and its the same, whether you just follow a drum beat like in Africa or surround it with a lot of instruments. The Maddox Brothers and Rose were at the edge of rockabilly with the slapped bass that Fred Maddox had developed. Maddox said, Youve got to have somethin they can tap their foot, or dance to, after World War II the band shifted into higher gear leaning more toward a whimsical honky-tonk feel, with a heavy, manic bottom end - the slap bass of Fred Maddox. They played hillbilly music but it sounded real hot and they played real loud for that time, too. The Maddoxes were also known for their antics and stuff. I mean it just wasnt us up there pickin and singing, there was something going on all the time. The demonstrative Maddoxes, helped release white bodies from traditional motions of decorum, more and more younger white artists began to behave on stage like the lively Maddoxes. Others believe that they were not only at the leading edge, Bill Monroe is known as the Father of Bluegrass, a specific style of country music. Many of his songs were in form, while others took the form of folk ballads, parlor songs. Bluegrass was a staple of music in the early 1950s
10.
Capitol Records
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Capitol Records, LLC is an American record label which operates as a division of the Capitol Music Group. The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs, in 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records, Capitol Records circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California. Mercer first raised the idea of starting a company while golfing with Harold Arlen. By 1941, Mercer was a songwriter and a singer with multiple successful releases. Mercer next suggested the idea to Wallichs while visiting his record store, Wallichs expressed interest in the idea and the pair negotiated an agreement whereby Mercer would run the company and identify their artists, while Wallichs managed the business side. On February 2,1942, Mercer and Wallichs met with DeSylva at a Hollywood restaurant to inquire about the possibility of investment of the company from Paramount Pictures, while DeSylva declined the proposal, he handed the pair a check worth $15,000. On March 27,1942, the three men incorporated as Liberty Records, in May 1942, the application was amended to change the companys name to Capitol Records. On April 6,1942, Mercer supervised Capitols first recording session where Martha Tilton recorded the song Moon Dreams, on May 5, Bobby Sherwood and his orchestra recorded two tracks in the studio. On May 21, Freddie Slack and his orchestra recorded three tracks in the studio, one with the orchestra, one with Ella Mae Morse called Cow-Cow Boogie, on June 4,1942, Capitol opened its first office in a second-floor room south of Sunset Boulevard. On that same day, Wallichs presented the companys first free record to Los Angeles disc jockey Peter Potter, on June 5,1942, Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra recorded four songs at the studio. On June 12, the recorded five more songs in the studio. On June 11, Tex Ritter recorded Jingle Jangle Jingle and Goodbye My Little Cherokee for his first Capitol recording session, and the songs formed Capitols 110th produced record. 133 - Get On Board Little Chillun - July 31,1942 - is a Freddie Slack/Ella Mae Morse/Mellowaires recording that might be the first rock n roll record and she has sometimes been called the first rock n roll singer. A good example is her 1942 recording of song which, with strong gospel, blues, boogie. Bone Walker recorded Mean Old World a pioneering example of the use of electric guitar. The earliest recording artists included co-owner Mercer, Whiteman, Tilton, Morse, Margaret Whiting, Jo Stafford, the Pied Pipers, Johnnie Johnston, Tex Ritter, Capitols first gold single was Morses Cow Cow Boogie in 1942. Capitols first album was Capitol Presents Songs By Johnny Mercer, a three 78-rpm disc set with recordings by Mercer, Stafford and the Pied Pipers, all with Westons Orchestra
11.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
12.
Chet Atkins
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Chester Burton Chet Atkins known as Mr. He was primarily known as a guitarist and he also played the mandolin, fiddle, banjo, and ukulele. Atkins signature picking style was inspired by Merle Travis, other major guitar influences were Django Reinhardt, George Barnes, Les Paul, and, later, Jerry Reed. His distinctive picking style and musicianship brought him admirers inside and outside the country scene, among many honors, Atkins received 14 Grammy Awards and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received nine Country Music Association awards for Instrumentalist of the Year and he was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum. Atkins was born on June 20,1924, in Luttrell, Tennessee and his parents divorced when he was six, after which he was raised by his mother. He was the youngest of three boys and a girl and he started out on the ukulele, later moving on to the fiddle, but traded his brother Lowell an old pistol and some chores for a guitar when he was nine. He stated in his 1974 autobiography, We were so poor, forced to relocate to Fortson, Georgia, outside of Columbus, to live with his father because of a critical asthma condition, Atkins was a sensitive youth who made music his obsession. Because of his illness, he was forced to sleep in a chair to breathe comfortably. On those nights, he played his guitar until he fell asleep holding it, while living in Fortson, he attended the historic Mountain Hill School. He returned in the 1990s to play a series of charity concerts to save the school from demolition, Atkins became an accomplished guitarist while he was in high school. He used the restroom in the school to practice, because it gave better acoustics and his first guitar had a nail for a nut and was so bowed that only the first few frets could be used. He later purchased an electric guitar and amp, but he had to travel many miles to find an electrical outlet. Later in life, he gave himself the honorary degree CGP. In 2011, his daughter Merle Atkins Russell bestowed the CGP degree on his longtime sideman Paul Yandell and she then declared no more CGPs would be allowed by the Atkins estate. His half-brother Jim was a successful guitarist who worked with the Les Paul Trio in New York, Atkins did not have a strong style of his own until 1939, when he heard Merle Travis picking over WLW radio. This early influence dramatically shaped his unique playing style, whereas Traviss right hand used his index finger for the melody and thumb for bass notes, Atkins expanded his right-hand style to include picking with his first three fingers, with the thumb on bass. Chet Atkins was a ham radio general class licensee, formerly using the call sign WA4CZD, he obtained the vanity call sign W4CGP in 1998 to include the CGP designation
13.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
14.
Buster B. Jones
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Buster B. Jones was an American guitarist specializing in the fingerpicking style. Born Bradley F. Jones in Ames, Iowa, he first became known after entering Guitar Player Magazines International Readers Soundpage Competition in 1988 on a whim. He submitted a composition, titled Back Porch Boogie, as well as a cover of Salty Dog Blues, recorded using a reel-to-reel recorder. Jones came in first place out of nearly 900 entries and he went on to win the National Fingerpicking Championship at Winfield, Kansas in 1990. In 1995, Jones became a spokesman for Godin guitars, playing an instrument he named Pearl for the mother of pearl inlay of his name on the neck. He toured often, earning the nicknames Le Machine Gun and Pistola for his fast playing style. That same style earned the notice of Chet Atkins, who described Buster by saying, Jones was also well known for his mentoring of young players and he appeared in 11 instructional videos demonstrating and explaining fingerstyle guitar technique. 1991 Guitar tabs of Buster B. Jones
15.
Tommy Emmanuel
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Although originally a session player in many bands, Emmanuel has carved out his own style as a solo artist in recent years, releasing award winning albums and singles. In the May 2008 and 2010 issues of Guitar Player Magazine, in June 2010 Emmanuel was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia. Emmanuel was born in Muswellbrook, New South Wales, Australia in 1955 and he received his first guitar in 1959 at age four and was taught by his mother to accompany her playing lap steel guitar. At the age of seven in 1961 he heard Chet Atkins playing on the radio and he vividly remembers this moment and says it greatly inspired him. By the age of six, in 1961, he was a professional musician. Recognizing the musical talents of Emmanuel and his brother, Phil, their father created a family band, sold the home. With the family living in two wagons, much of Emmanuels childhood was spent touring Australia, playing rhythm guitar. Eventually the New South Wales Department of Education insisted that the Emmanuel children had to go to school regularly, after his father died in 1966, the Emmanuels settled in Parkes. Tommy Emmanuel eventually moved to Sydney where he was noticed nationally when he won a string of talent contests in his teen years, by the late 1970s, he was playing drums with his brother Phil in the group Goldrush as well doing session work on numerous albums and jingles. He gained further prominence in the late 1970s as the lead guitarist in The Southern Star Band, during the early 1980s, he joined the reformed lineup of leading 1970s rock group Dragon, touring widely with them, including a 1987 tour with Tina Turner. He left the group to embark on a solo career, in 1994 Australian music veteran John Farnham invited him to play guitar next to Stuart Fraser from Noiseworks for the Concert for Rwanda. Emmanuel became a member of Farnhams band and he had previously been a member of Farnhams band during the early 1980s and featured on the album Uncovered. Emmanuel and his brother Phil performed live in Sydney at the ceremony of the Summer Olympics in 2000. The event was televised worldwide with an estimated 2.85 billion viewers, in December 2007 he was diagnosed with heart problems and was forced to take a break from his hectic touring schedule due to exhaustion, but returned to full-time touring in early 2008. In June 2010, Emmanuel was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia, the fingerstyle method originated in Northwestern Kentucky and was pioneered by Merle Travis. Chet Atkins commented that Emmanuel was a fearless fingerpicking guitar player, while Emmanuel has never had formal music training, and does not read or write music, his natural musical ability and intrinsic sense of rhythm has gained him fans from all over the world. As a solo performer he never plays to a set list and uses a minimum of effects onstage, in his solo shows, he mainly plays guitars made by Maton, an Australian guitar manufacturing company. He usually travels with two custom Maton EBG808 TE models and one TE1 model, both of which are Tommy Emmanuel artist signature models
16.
Old Dogs
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Old Dogs was an American country music supergroup composed of singers Waylon Jennings, Mel Tillis, Bobby Bare, and Jerry Reed. Signed in 1998 to Atlantic Records, Old Dogs recorded a studio album for the label that year. The albums content was primarily by author, poet. Most of the songs were based on the realization of aging. The album was recorded live in studio, so audience applause can be heard between the tracks, the two discs come in different cases, and has different album art for them. The album was issued as a single disc. Still Gonna Die was released as a single from the project, all songs written by Shel Silverstein, Shed Rather Be Homeless, co-written by Anne Dailey
17.
Glen Campbell
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Glen Travis Campbell is an American rock and country music singer, musician, songwriter, television host and actor. During his 50 years in business, Campbell has released more than 70 albums. He has sold 45 million records and accumulated 12 RIAA Gold albums, four Platinum albums, Campbell made history in 1967 by winning four Grammys total, in the country and pop categories. For Gentle on My Mind, he received two awards in country and western, By the Time I Get to Phoenix did the same in pop. Three of his early hits later won Grammy Hall of Fame Awards and he owns trophies for Male Vocalist of the Year from both the Country Music Association and the Academy of Country Music, and took the CMAs top award as 1968 Entertainer of the Year. John Wayne picked Campbell to play him in the film True Grit. Campbell sang the song which was nominated for an Academy Award. Glen Travis Campbell was born in Billstown, a community near Delight in Pike County, Arkansas, to John Wesley. He is the son of 12 children. His father was a sharecropper of Scottish ancestry and he started playing guitar as a youth and credits his uncle Boo for teaching him the guitar. In 1954, Campbell moved to Albuquerque to join his uncles band known as Dick Bills and he also appeared there on his uncles radio show and on K Circle B Time, the local childrens program on KOB television. In 1958, Campbell formed his own band, the Western Wranglers, in 1960, Campbell moved to Los Angeles to become a session musician. In October 1960 he joined The Champs, by January 1961, Campbell had found a daytime job at publishing company American Music, writing songs and recording demos. Because of these demos Campbell soon was in demand as a session musician and became part of a group of studio musicians later known as The Wrecking Crew. Campbell played on recordings by Bobby Darin, Ricky Nelson, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Monkees, Nancy Sinatra, Merle Haggard, Jan and Dean, Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, and Phil Spector. In May 1961, he left The Champs and was signed by Crest Records. His first solo release, Turn Around, Look at Me, was a moderate success, Campbell also formed The Gee Cees with former bandmembers from The Champs, performing at The Crossbow Inn in Van Nuys. The Gee Cees, too, released a single on Crest, the instrumental Buzz Saw, in 1962, Campbell signed with Capitol Records
18.
Alabama Wild Man
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Alabama Wild Man is a song written and recorded by American country artist Jerry Reed. It was released in July 1972 as the single from the album. The song reached peaks of number 22 on the U. S. country chart, the B-side, Take It Easy, would later be sampled in the 1972 top ten hit Convention 72 by The Delegates. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
19.
Amos Moses
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Amos Moses is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Jerry Reed. It was released in October 1970 as the fourth and final single from the album Georgia Sunshine and this record was Reeds highest-charting single on the Billboard Hot 100, bowing at #97 on 31 October 1970 and peaking at #8 on 27 February -6 March 1971. The song has been used ever since as a line dance taught at local YMCAs, Amos Moses was certified gold for sales of 1 million units by the RIAA. It also appeared on charts in other countries and was #28 on Billboards Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971. It covers Amos history and his troubles with the law for illegal hunting, including a description of how the town sheriff snuck in the swamp get the boy. The song appears in the video game Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas on the music radio station K-Rose. The song was featured in an episode of the TV show My Name Is Earl and its been covered and recorded by Les Claypool twice. First appearing on Primus Rhinoplasty EP and then on his 2014 Duo de Twang album. Its also been covered by Alabama 3 on their album M. O. R. and by the Pleasure Barons on their 1993 album Live in Las Vegas, cross Canadian Ragweed covered the song on 1999s Live and Loud at the Wormy Dog Saloon. A rock version of Amos Moses featured on The Sensational Alex Harvey Bands 1976 album SAHB Stories, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
20.
East Bound and Down
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East Bound and Down is a song written by Jerry Reed and Dick Feller, and recorded by Reed for the soundtrack for the film Smokey and the Bandit. The song features Reed on the vocal and vocalist Gordon Stoker of the Jordanaires on the harmony vocal. It was released in August 1977 as a single on RCA Records, the song spent sixteen weeks on the U. S. country music charts, reaching a peak of #2. It also reached #3 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100, a variant version of the song, entitled West Bound and Down, was recorded by Reed and included on the Smokey and the Bandit soundtrack. A cover was recorded in 2005 by Canadian country music group The Road Hammers, other cover versions include Aaron Tippin, Supersuckers, Dave Dudley, and Tonic. The song was recorded by punk rock cover band Me First, eastbound & Down was recorded by Jessy Lynn Martens for the TV series Archer under the pseudonym Cherlene. Eastbound & Down was recorded by the Supersuckers on their 2005 album Devils Food, Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics Lyrics for West Bound and Down
21.
Smokey and the Bandit
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Smokey and the Bandit is a 1977 American action comedy film starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Pat McCormick, Paul Williams and Mike Henry. The film was the debut of stuntman Hal Needham. It inspired several other trucking films, including two sequels, Smokey and the Bandit II and Smokey and the Bandit Part 3. There was also a series of 1994 television films from original director/writer Hal Needham that were based on the earlier version. The three original films introduced two generations of the Pontiac Trans Am, and the Dodge Stealth in the television movie, Smokey and the Bandit was the second-highest-grossing film of 1977, second only to Star Wars. Wealthy Texan Big Enos Burdette and his son Little Enos seek a truck driver willing to bootleg Coors beer to Georgia for their refreshment. At the time, Coors was regarded as one of the finest beers in the United States, truck drivers who had taken the bet previously had been caught and arrested by Smokey. The trip to Texas is mostly uneventful except for at least one pursuing Smokey whom Bandit evades with ease and they reach Texarkana an hour ahead of schedule, load their truck with the beer and head back toward Atlanta. Immediately upon starting the second leg of the run, Bandit picks up runaway bride Carrie, but in so doing, Bandit makes himself a target of Texas Sheriff Buford T. Justice, a career lawman whose handsome but slow-witted son Junior was to have been Carries bridegroom. Ignoring his own jurisdiction, Sheriff Justice, with Junior in tow, chases Bandit all the way to Georgia, neither Sheriff Justice nor any other police officers have any knowledge of Snowmans illegal manifest. They quickly leave in one of Big Enos Cadillac convertibles, passing Sheriff Justices badly damaged car by the side of the road. Bandit first directs Sheriff Justice to Big and Little Enos, but then in a gesture of respect, reveals his location and invites Justice to give chase. It was not until Needhams friend Burt Reynolds read the script, and said he would star, at that time Reynolds was the top box office star in the world. Universal Studios bankrolled Smokey and the Bandit for $5.3 million, just two days before production was to begin, Universal sent a hatchet man to Atlanta to inform Needham that the budget was being trimmed by $1 million. With Reynolds salary at $1 million, Needham was left with only $3.3 million to make the film, Needham and assistant director David Hamburger spent 30 hours revising the shooting schedule. Buford T. Justice was the name of a real Florida Highway Patrolman known to Reynolds father and his father was also the inspiration for the word sumbitch used in the film, a variation of the phrase son-of-a-bitch that according to Reynolds he uttered quite often. Jackie Gleason was given free rein to ad-lib dialogue and make suggestions, in particular the scene where Sheriff Justice unknowingly encounters the Bandit in the choke and puke wasnt in the original story, but rather was Gleasons idea. Reportedly, Needham had great difficulty getting any studios or producers to take his project seriously and he managed to obtain studio attention after his friend Reynolds agreed to portray the Bandit in the film
22.
Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum
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Chartered in 1964, the museum has amassed one of the world’s most extensive musical collections. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is one of the world’s largest and most active popular music research centers, through CMF, industry leaders raised money to build the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opened on April 1,1967. Located at the head of Music Row, the museum was erected on the site of a small Nashville city park, at this point, artifacts began to be displayed and a small library was begun in a loft above one of the museum’s galleries. At the outset, CMA staff had run the museum, but by 1972 the museum acquired its own small staff, which has steadily increased to over 150 full-time professionals. Building expansion took place in 1974,1977, and 1984 to store and display the museum’s growing collection of costumes, films, historic cars, musical instruments, and other artifacts. To become more accessible, in May 2001 the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum moved to a new,130,000 square feet facility in the heart of downtown Nashville’s arts and entertainment district. In 2014, the museum unveiled a $100 million expansion, doubling its size to 350,000 square feet of galleries, archival storage, education classrooms, retail stores, and special event space. The story is revealed through artifacts, photographs, and text panels, recorded sound, vintage video, sing Me Back Home is enhanced by numerous, rotating limited-engagement exhibits. In addition to the galleries, the museum has the 776-seat CMA Theater, the Taylor Swift Education Center, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum has developed multiple platforms to make its collection accessible to a wider audience. From weekly instrument demonstrations to its flagship songwriting program for schools, Words & Music, the Country Music Hall of Fame honor was created in 1961 by the Country Music Association, the first inductees were Hank Williams, Jimmie Rodgers, and Fred Rose. Roy Acuff, the first living artist to join the Hall of Fame, was elected in 1962, the most recent inductees are Jerry Reed, Don Schlitz and Alan Jackson. Over the Hall of Fame’s history, the number of new members inducted each year has varied from one to twelve, the election procedure is as follows, A small CMA nominating committee drafts slates of candidates from each category, categories have been defined variously over the years. Award recipients are determined through a two-stage balloting process, the first round of voting narrows each category to five candidates, the second round selects winners. The large select committee of electors that votes on Hall of Fame membership is composed of CMA members who have participated in the music industry for at least ten years. New Hall of Fame members receive special recognition in ceremonies at the Country Music Hall of Fame, today the plaques are displayed in a seventy-foot-high rotunda at the museum’s enlarged downtown Nashville facility. The museum’s archival and library storage, allows for the cultivation of the museum’s collection, hundreds of historic musical instruments, featuring Mother Maybelle Carter’s Gibson L-5, Earl Scruggs’s banjo, Bob Wills’ fiddle, and Bill Monroe’s mandolin. Oral histories, scrapbooks, correspondence, fan club newsletters, sheet music, periodicals, iconic Vehicles, Elvis Presley’s 1960 “Solid Gold” Cadillac limousine, Webb Pierce’s 1962 Pontiac Bonneville convertible, and Jerry Reed’s 1980 Pontiac Trans Am from Smokey and the Bandit II. When viewed from the air, the forms a massive bass clef
23.
Bobby Bare
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Robert Joseph Bobby Bare, Sr. is an American country music singer and songwriter, best known for the songs Detroit City and 500 Miles Away from Home. He is the father of Bobby Bare Jr. also a musician, Bare had many failed attempts to sell his songs in the 1950s. He finally signed with Capitol Records and recorded a few rock, just before he was drafted into the Army, he wrote a song called The All American Boy and did a demo for his friend, Bill Parsons, to learn how to record. Instead of using the version Bill Parsons did later, the company, Fraternity Records. The record reached No.2 on the Billboard Hot 100, but they made an error, the same track, with the same billing error, peaked at No.22 in the UK Singles Chart in April 1959. In 1965, an album of recorded material, Tender Years, was released on the Hilltop label. The same material, but under a different cover, was released on the Sears label under the title Bobby In Song that same year and these albums are not usually included in Bares published discographies. Bares big break in music came when Chet Atkins signed him to RCA Victor. The first single he released on the label was Shame On Me in 1962 and his second RCA Victor single, Detroit City reached No.6 Country, No.16 Hot 100, and in 1964 earned him a Grammy Award for Best Country and Western Recording. Then a surge of hits followed, including 500 Miles Away from Home, in 1965 he received two Grammy nominations for Best Country & Western Vocal Performance and Best Country & Western single for the song Four Strong Winds. In 1966, he received a Grammy Nomination for Best Country & Western Male Vocal Performance for his song Talk Me Some Sense,5 on the Billboard chart earned the trio a Grammy nomination. In 1968, he recorded an album with a group from England called The Hillsiders, in 1969, he had a Top 5 hit with Tom T. He also scored a No.12 hit in 1972 with a version of Dr. Hook, after two years at Mercury, Bare returned to RCA in 1973 and scored with Billy Joe Shavers Ride Me Down Easy which nearly made the Top 10. Bare started to release novelty songs recorded live with selected audiences, one such song, Marie Laveau, reached the No.1 position on the country chart in 1974, it was his only No.1 hit. This song was co-written by his friends Shel Silverstein and Baxter Taylor, Silverstein penned other songs for Bare including a Grammy-nominated hit, Daddy What If, which he recorded with his five-year-old son, Bobby Bare, Jr. The song was a success as well not only reaching No.2 on the country charts. Bares album, Lullabys, Legends and Lies became his most commercially successful album and Bare had a new audience with pop radio once again playing his songs and these two songs, however, would become Bares last Top 10 hits. Bare later recorded a successful album with his family, written mainly by Silverstein
24.
Atlanta, Georgia
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
25.
Rockmart, Georgia
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Rockmart is a city in Polk County, Georgia, United States. The population was 4,199 according to a 2010 census, Rockmart developed as a railroad depot town when the Southern Railway built a station in the area. The community was incorporated in 1872, and was named from abundant deposits of slate in the area, the Rockmart Downtown Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Rockmart is located at 34°00′14″N 85°02′57″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.4 square miles, of which 4.3 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles is water. The majority of the city of Rockmart is located in Polk County, however, as of the census of 2000, there were 3,870 people,1,541 households, and 1,027 families residing in the city. The population density was 892.0 people per square mile, there were 1,681 housing units at an average density of 387.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79. 82% White,18. 48% African American,0. 10% Native American,0. 34% Asian,0. 39% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 50% of the population. 29. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.04. In the city, the population was out with 26. 7% under the age of 18,8. 7% from 18 to 24,27. 3% from 25 to 44,20. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.3 males, the median income for a household in the city was $32,171, and the median income for a family was $36,906. Males had an income of $31,714 versus $22,381 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,272, about 12. 8% of families and 16. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21. 3% of those under age 18 and 14. 4% of those age 65 or over. Beginning in the mid-1990s, Rockmart experienced a period of economic expansion, growth in the form of new restaurants and casual dining, as well as retail shopping, came about as residential building increased. A Walmart Supercenter store was opened in the city in 2007, the Drama Department at Rockmart High School is known for its involvement with the community and every spring the advanced acting class performs at a GHSA One-act play competition. When the new Rockmart High School was constructed, performance space was not included, instead, the Rockmart Thespians use the historic Rockmart Art Center Theatre for their productions. The department has produced many theatrical feats such as Seussical, Grease, in October 2008, the Rockmart High School Thespians placed first at the Region AA One Act Competition with their performance of Godspell, as well as receiving the Best Actor award. The RHS Thespians then took the show to the State AA One Act Competition, in 2013, Rockmart Thespians placed first in the State AAA One Act Competition with a riveting production of the thriller When You Comin Back, Red Ryder
26.
Foster home
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Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a foster parent. The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a service agency. The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses, the vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives. Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization, however, in the U. S. formal kinship care is increasingly common. In 2012, a quarter of all children in foster care were placed with relatives. In Australia foster care was known as boarding-out, Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century. It is said that the system was run by women until the early 20th century. Then the control was centered in many state childrens departments, although boarding-out was also implemented by nongovernment child rescue organizations, many large institutions remained. These institutions assumed an importance from the late 1920s when the system went into decline. The system was re-energized in the era, and in the 1970s. The system is still the structure for out-of-home care. The system took care of local and foreign children. New baby adoption dropped dramatically from the mid-1970s, with the tolerance of. Foster care in Cambodia is relatively new as a practice within the government. However, despite a later start, the practice is currently making strides within the country. Most notably, the found that the percentage of children within orphanages that had parents approached 80%. At the same time, local NGOs like Children In Families began offering limited foster care services within the country and these actions lead to an increase in the number of NGOs providing foster care placements, and helped to set the course for care reform around the country. Foster children in Canada are known as permanent wards, a ward is someone, in this case a child, placed under protection of a legal guardian and are the legal responsibility of the government
27.
Orphanage
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An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them. It is frequently used to describe institutions abroad, where it is an accurate term. Most children who live in orphanages are not orphans, four out of five children in orphanages having at least one living parent, most orphanages have been closed in Europe and North America. Few large international charities continue to fund orphanages, however, they are still commonly founded by smaller charities, especially in developing countries, orphanages may prey on vulnerable families at risk of breakdown and actively recruit children to ensure continued funding. Orphanages in developing countries are run by the state. Other residential institutions for children can be called group homes, childrens homes, refuges, rehabilitation centers, night shelters, the Romans formed their first orphanages around 400 AD. Jewish law prescribed care for the widow and the orphan, plato says, Orphans should be placed under the care of public guardians. Men should have a fear of the loneliness of orphans and of the souls of their departed parents, a man should love the unfortunate orphan of whom he is guardian as if he were his own child. He should be as careful and as diligent in the management of the property as of his own or even more careful still. The care of orphans was referred to bishops and, during the Middle Ages, as soon as they were old enough, children were often given as apprentices to households to ensure their support and to learn an occupation. In medieval Europe, care for orphans tended to reside with the Church, the Elizabethan Poor Laws were enacted at the time of the Reformation, and placed public responsibility on individual parishes to care for the indigent poor. The growth of sentimental philanthropy in the 18th century, led to the establishment of the first charitable institutions catering for the orphan, the first children were admitted into a temporary house located in Hatton Garden. At first, no questions were asked about child or parent, on reception, children were sent to wet nurses in the countryside, where they stayed until they were about four or five years old. At sixteen, girls were apprenticed as servants for four years, at fourteen, boys were apprenticed into variety of occupations. There was a benevolent fund for adults. A basket was accordingly hung outside the hospital, the age for admission was raised from two months to twelve, and a flood of children poured in from country workhouses. Parliament soon came to the conclusion that the indiscriminate admission should be discontinued, the hospital adopted a system of receiving children only with considerable sums. This practice was stopped in 1801, and it henceforth became a fundamental rule that no money was to be received
28.
Gene Vincent
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Vincent Eugene Craddock, known as Gene Vincent, was an American musician who pioneered the styles of rock and roll and rockabilly. His 1956 top ten hit with his Blue Caps, Be-Bop-A-Lula, is considered a significant early example of rockabilly and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Craddock was born February 11,1935, in Norfolk, Virginia, to Mary Louise and his musical influences included country, rhythm and blues and gospel music. His favourite composition was Beethovens Egmont overture and he showed his first real interest in music while his family lived in Munden Point, in Princess Anne County, Virginia, near the North Carolina line, where they ran a country store. He received his first guitar at the age of twelve as a gift from a friend, Vincents father volunteered to serve in the U. S. Coast Guard and patrolled American coastal waters to protect Allied shipping against German U-boats during World War II. Vincents mother maintained the store in Munden Point. His parents moved the family to Norfolk, the home of a naval base. Vincent dropped out of school in 1952, at the age of seventeen, as he was under the age of enlistment, his parents signed the forms allowing him to enter the Navy. He completed boot camp and joined the fleet as a crewman aboard the fleet oiler USS Chukawan, with a training period in the repair ship USS Amphion. He never saw combat but completed a Korean War deployment and he sailed home from Korean waters aboard the battleship USS Wisconsin but was not part of the ships company. Craddock planned a career in the Navy and, in 1955, in July 1955, while he was in Norfolk, his left leg was shattered in a motorcycle crash. He refused to allow the leg to be amputated, and the leg was saved and he wore a steel sheath around the leg for the rest of his life. Most accounts relate the accident as the fault of a driver who struck him. Years later in some of his biographies, there is no mention of an accident. He spent time in the Portsmouth Naval Hospital and was discharged from the Navy shortly thereafter. Craddock became involved in the music scene in Norfolk. He changed his name to Gene Vincent and formed a band, Gene Vincent. The band included Willie Williams on rhythm guitar, Jack Neal on upright bass, Dickie Harrell on drums and he also collaborated with another rising musician, Jay Chevalier of Rapides Parish, Louisiana
29.
Joe South
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Joe South was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. Best known for his songwriting, South won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1970 for Games People Play and was nominated for the award in 1972 for Rose Garden. South started his pop career in July 1958 with the NRC Records novelty hit The Purple People Eater Meets the Witch Doctor, after this hit, Souths music grew increasingly serious. South had met and was encouraged by Bill Lowery, an Atlanta music publisher and he began his recording career in Atlanta with the National Recording Corporation, where he served as staff guitarist along with other NRC artists Ray Stevens and Jerry Reed. Souths earliest recordings have been re-released by NRC on CD and he soon returned to Nashville with The Manrando Group and then onto Charlie Wayne Felts Promotions. South was also a prominent sideman, playing guitar on Tommy Roes Sheila, Bob Dylans Blonde on Blonde album, South played electric guitar on Simon & Garfunkels second album, Sounds of Silence, although Al Gorgoni and/or Vinnie Bell feature on the title track. Billy Joe Royal recorded four South songs, Down in the Boondocks, I Knew You When, Yo-Yo, and Hush. Responding to late 1960s issues, Souths style changed radically, most evident in his biggest single, 1969s pungent, no-nonsense Games People Play, a hit on both sides of the Atlantic. Accompanied by a lush string sound, an organ, and brass, the won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song. South followed up with Birds of a Feather and two other soul-searchers, the back-to-nature Dont It Make You Want to Go Home and the socially provocative Walk a Mile in My Shoes. Souths most commercially successful composition was Lynn Andersons 1971 country/pop monster hit, Rose Garden, Anderson won a Grammy Award for her vocals, and South earned two Grammy Nominations for it, as Best Country Song and Song of the Year. South wrote more hits for Anderson, such as How Can I Unlove You, riley, and Penny DeHaven also had hits on the Billboard country chart with South songs. James Taylor, and k. d. lang, although most covered versions of Souths best known songs, the 1971 suicide of Souths brother, Tommy, resulted in him becoming clinically depressed. South was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1979, in 1988, a Dutch DJ, Jan Donkers, interviewed South for VPRO-radio. The radio show aired the interview also played four new songs by South. On September 13,2003, South performed during the Georgia Music Hall of Fame induction ceremony and played with Buddy Buie, James B. Souths final recording, Oprah Cried, was made in 2009 and released as a track on the re-release of the albums So the Seeds are Growing. South died at his home in Buford, Georgia, northeast of Atlanta, on September 5,2012, official website Joe South at AllMusic Entry at Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame Joe South and the Believers
30.
Ray Stevens
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Stevens was born in Clarkdale, Georgia. While attending high school, Stevens formed his first band, a rhythm, following his graduation, Stevens enrolled in Georgia State College as a music major. At 16, Stevens signed to Capitol Records Prep Records division in 1957, and produced the singles Silver Bracelet and a cover of Rang Tang Ding Dong, the latter was originally recorded by doo-wop group The Cellos in 1957. In 1958, Bill Lowery created the National Recording Corporation, and hired Stevens to play instruments, arrange music. Stevens signed with Mercury Records in 1961, ahab the Arab reached no.5 on the Hot 100 in 1962. Stevens continued to release comedic songs, and in 1969 he had a Top 10 pop hit with Gitarzan, Stevens also became a regular on The Andy Williams Show during 1969–1970, and hosted his own show, The Ray Stevens Show, in 1970. In Australia, Ross D. Wylie reached the top 20 with his cover of Stevens Funny Man, Stevens collection of Hot 100 hits is evenly divided between serious and comedy. My True Confession, a Top-10 on the R&B chart in 1963 for Brook Benton, was written by Stevens and Margie Singleton. Stevens was the arranger for the Doyle Holly recording of My Heart Cries For You, in the 1970s, Stevens became a producer and studio musician in Nashville. He recorded songs for Barnaby Records and Warner Brothers during 1970–79, Stevens biggest hit in the U. S. was his gospel-inflected single Everything Is Beautiful. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc and his other 1970 singles were America, Communicate With Me and Sunset Strip, both of which reached the Top 20 on the Adult-Contemporary lists. His novelty song Bridget the Midget made number two on the UK chart in 1971 and number 50 in the U. S and his 1971 gospel/country single, Albert E. Brumleys Turn Your Radio On, reached the country Top 20. Two more songs in 1971 were also hits, A Mama and a Papa and All My Trials. Stevens frequently toured Canada and went to the UK, a rock-inflected gospel arrangement of Love Lifted Me became a hit in Thailand in 1972, reaching the Top Five. In 1973, Stevens had a top 40 country hit with the track of his album Nashville. In 1974, Stevens recorded perhaps his most famous hit, The Streak and it became number one in both the UK and the US and No.3 on the country chart. In 1975, he released the Grammy-winning Misty, which became his biggest country hit and he also entered the country Top 40 with a doo-wop version of Indian Love Call, Everybody Needs a Rainbow, and a ballad version of Young Love in early 1976. Stevens parted from Barnaby Records and joined Warner Brothers in 1976, where his debut single was a cover of You Are So Beautiful, then Honky Tonk Waltz
31.
Roy Drusky
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Roy Frank Drusky, Jr. was an American country music singer, songwriter, producer, actor and disc jockey popular from the 1960s through the early 1970s. Known for his voice, he was known for incorporating the Nashville sound. His highest-charting single was the No.1 Yes Mr. Peters, Drusky was born in 1930 in Atlanta, Georgia. He began singing while in the US Navy during the 1940s, during this time, he also played country music with a group he founded, the Southern Ranch Boys. Drusky also worked as a disc jockey, in 1953 he signed with Starday Records, the first single he released was called Such a Fool. That same year, he joined the Grand Ole Opry, a couple of years later, he recorded for Columbia Records, but none of his work gained much success. Faron Young, a country singer, helped Druskys career by recording his songs. Two songs he wrote, Alone With You and Country Girl, after that, Drusky moved on to Decca Records. He also wrote Anymore which charted for Teresa Brewer in 1960, Drusky charted in Cashbox with Wait and See and Our Church Your Wedding in 1959. In 1960, Drusky finally struck it big, at Decca Records, where he worked with producer Owen Bradley, he released a single called Another, which he co-wrote. Bradley was a producer who had led legendary country singer Patsy Cline into big success in the early 60s as well. Bradley helped smooth out Druskys orchestral tones, the next year, in 1963, Drusky switched to Mercury Records and released his first hit from his new record company the same year he signed on to it. The song was called Peel Me a Nanner, which was written by Bill Anderson and he cut a lot of duets with Priscilla Mitchell, one of his biggest hits with her was the No.1 hit Yes Mr. Peters. During his career, Drusky racked up a number of Top 40 Country hits, some of his Top 40 songs were written by famous singer-songwriters. Liz Anderson wrote Pick of the Week for him as well as Strangers which is best remembered by the concurrent hit by Merle Haggard although Druskys was actually the more successful record at the time, Kris Kristofferson wrote Jody and the Kid. Another song, Red, Red Wine, was written by Neil Diamond, Drusky had his most successful record in several years with 1970s Long Long Texas Road, a top 5 hit. He continued to several top 40 country hits with the occasional low-charting single. Druskys last top 40 country was a remake of A Satisfied Mind in 1973 which had earlier been a hit for both Porter Wagoner and Jean Shepard and he made his last appearance on the Billboard charts in 1974 but occasionally recorded on smaller record labels into the 1990s
32.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
33.
Brenda Lee
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Brenda Lee is an American performer and the top-charting solo female vocalist of the 1960s. She sang rockabilly, pop and country music, and had 47 US chart hits during the 1960s, and is ranked fourth in that decade surpassed only by Elvis Presley, the Beatles and Ray Charles. She is perhaps best known in the United States for her 1960 hit Im Sorry, and 1958s Rockin Around the Christmas Tree and she is a member of the Rock and Roll, Country Music and Rockabilly Halls of Fame. She is also a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award recipient, Brenda currently lives in Nashville, Tennessee. Brenda Lee was born Brenda Mae Tarpley on December 11,1944, to parents Annie Grace, Lee was born in the charity ward of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. She weighed 4 pounds 11 ounces at birth, Lee attended grade schools wherever her father found work, primarily between Atlanta and Augusta. Her family was poor, often living hand-to-mouth, as a child, she shared a bed with her brother and sister in a series of three-room houses without running water. Life centered around her parents finding work, their family, and the Baptist church, Lees father was a farmers son in Georgias red-clay belt. Standing 5 ft 7 inches, he was an excellent left-handed pitcher and her mother came from an under-educated working class family in Greene County, Georgia. Though her family did not have indoor plumbing until after her fathers death, by the time she was two, she could whistle the melody of songs she heard on the radio. Both her mother and sister remembered taking her repeatedly to a candy store before she turned three, one of them would stand her on the counter and she would earn candy or coins for singing. Lees voice, pretty face and stage presence won her wider attention from the time she was five years old, at age six, she won a local singing contest sponsored by local elementary schools. The reward was an appearance on an Atlanta radio show, Starmakers Revue. Her father died in 1953, and by the time she turned ten, she was the breadwinner of her family through singing at events and on local radio. In 1955, Grayce Tarpley was remarried to Buell Jay Rainwater, who moved the family to Cincinnati, Ohio, Lee performed with Skinner at the record shop on two Saturday programs broadcast over Newport, Kentucky radio station WNOP. The family soon returned to Georgia, however, this time to Augusta, an Augusta disc jockey persuaded Foley to hear her sing before the show. Foley was as transfixed as everyone else who heard the voice coming from the tiny girl and immediately agreed to let her perform Jambalaya on stage that night. Foley later recounted the moments following her introduction, The audience erupted in applause, on March 31,1955, the 10-year-old made her network debut on Ozark Jubilee in Springfield, Missouri
34.
Goodnight Irene
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Goodnight, Irene or Irene, Goodnight, is a 20th-century American folk standard, written in 3/4 time, first recorded by American blues musician Huddie Lead Belly Ledbetter in 1933. The lyrics tell of the troubled past with his love, Irene. The specific origins of Irene are unclear, Lead Belly was singing a version of the song from as early as 1908, which he claimed to have learned from his uncles Terell and Bob. An 1892 song by Gussie L. Davis has several lyrical and structural similarities to the latter song, some evidence suggests the 1892 song was itself based on an even earlier song which has not survived. Regardless of where he first heard it, by the 1930s Lead Belly had made the song his own, modifying the rhythm, a few months prior to his release in 1934, Lead Belly recorded a number of his songs, including Irene, for the Library of Congress. An extended version of the song that includes connecting the verses appears in Negro Folk Songs as Sung by Lead Belly. Irene remained a staple of Lead Bellys performances throughout the 1930s and 40s, however, despite popularity within the New York blues community, the song was never commercially successful during his lifetime. In 2002, Lead Bellys 1936 Library of Congress recording received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award, in 1950, one year after Leadbellys death, the American folk band The Weavers recorded a version of Goodnight, Irene. The single first reached the Billboard Best Seller chart on June 30,1950 and lasted 25 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1 for 13 weeks. Although generally faithful, the Weavers chose to omit some of Leadbellys more controversial lyrics, due to the recordings popularity, however, The Weavers lyrics are the ones generally used today. Billboard ranked this version as the No.1 song of 1950, the Weavers enormous success inspired many other artists to release their own versions of the song, many of which were themselves commercially successful across several genres. Frank Sinatras cover, released only a month after The Weavers, lasted nine weeks on the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on July 10, peaking at #5. Moon Mullican had a number 5 country hit with it in 1950, on the Cash Box chart, where all available versions were combined in the standings, the song reached a peak position of #1 on September 2,1950, and lasted at #1 for 13 weeks. The song was the basis for the 1950 parody called Please Say Goodnight to the Guy and it also inspired the 1954 answer record Wake Up, Irene by Hank Thompson, a #1 on Billboards country chart. 1959, Billy Williams reached number 75 on the US Billboard pop chart,1962, Jerry Reed reached number 79 on the US pop chart. Goodnight Irene is sung by supporters of English football team Bristol Rovers and it was first sung at a fireworks display at the Stadium the night before a Home game against Plymouth Argyle in 1950. In professional wrestling, Adorable Adrian Adonis frequently referred to his finishing move—a standard sleeperhold—as Goodnight, in the comic, Lil Abner, the character Mammy Yokum has a lethal right undercut punch called the good night Irene punch. In the novel Housekeeping, written by Marilynne Robinson, both Sylvie and Helen sing this song several times, the 1993 Moxy Fruvous recording The Drinking Song includes a reference to Goodnight, Irene, Sang a few bars of some pretty old song
