1.
United States Army
–
The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
2.
Cleveland
–
Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
3.
Ohio
–
Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
4.
Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
5.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
6.
Superman
–
Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, high school living in Cleveland, Ohio. They sold Superman to Detective Comics, the future DC Comics, Superman debuted in Action Comics #1 and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. With this success, Superman helped to create the superhero archetype, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Man of Steel, the Man of Tomorrow, and The Last Son of Krypton. Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple, the child is raised as Clark Kent, very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities, which, upon reaching maturity, he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a secret Superman identity. Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis, as Clark Kent, he is a journalist for the Daily Planet, a Metropolis newspaper. Supermans love interest is generally Lois Lane, and his archenemy is supervillain Lex Luthor and he is typically a member of the Justice League and close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman. Like other characters in the DC Universe, several versions of Superman have been depicted over the years. Supermans appearance is distinctive and iconic, he wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest, consisting of the letter S in a shield shape. This shield is used in media to symbolize the character. Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon and he has fascinated scholars, with cultural theorists, commentators, and critics alike exploring the characters impact and role in the United States and worldwide. The characters ownership has often been the subject of dispute, with Siegel, the character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well, including films, television series, and video games. Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn, George Reeves, Christopher Reeve, Dean Cain, Tom Welling, Brandon Routh, Henry Cavill, Siegels fanzine did not sell well. Siegel and Shuster shifted to making comic strips, which they self-published in a book they called Popular Comics, the pair dreamed of becoming professional authors and believed that syndicated newspaper strips offered more lucrative and stable work than pulp magazines. The art quality standards were lower, making them more accessible to the inexperienced Shuster. In early 1933 or in 1934, Siegel developed a new character, also named Superman, but now a heroic character and this first prototype of Superman had no fantastic abilities and wore casual clothing. Siegel and Shuster often compared this version to Slam Bradley, a character they created in 1936. Siegel shared his idea with Shuster and they decided to turn it into a comic strip, the first publisher they solicited was Humor Publishing in Chicago, after having read one of their comic books, Detective Dan
7.
Action Comics 1
–
Action Comics #1 is the first issue of the original run of the comic book series Action Comics. It features the first appearance of comic book heroes—most notably the Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster creation. For this reason it is considered both the beginning of the superhero genre and the most valuable comic book of all time. On August 24,2014, a copy graded 9.0 by CGC was sold on eBay for US$3,207,852 and it is the only comic book to have sold for more than $3 million for a single original copy. Action Comics would go on to run for 904 numbered issues before it restarted its numbering in the fall of 2011 and it returned to its original numbering with issue #957, published on June 8,2016. It is not to be confused with the first issue of the series of Action Comics which was launched as part of DC Comics New 52 revamp in the fall of 2011. Action Comics #1 was an anthology, and contained features, Superman by Siegel. Zatara Master Magician by Fred Guardineer, south Sea Strategy by Captain Frank Thomas. The Adventures of Marco Polo by Sven Elven, scoop Scanlon the Five Star Reporter by Will Ely. Action Comics was started by publisher Jack Liebowitz, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster were paid $10 per page, for a total of $130 for their work on this issue. Christopher Knowles, author of Our Gods Wear Spandex, The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes, the issues cover also bears a resemblance to the Polish comic cover released in 1932 Rotmistrz i przyjaciele which told a story of a heroic captain. In January 1933, Jerry Siegel wrote a prose story titled The Reign of the Superman. It told the story of a villain with telepathic powers. Trying to create a character they could sell to newspaper syndicates, Siegel re-conceived the superman character as a powerful hero and he and Shuster developed the idea into a comic strip, which they pitched unsuccessfully. National Publications was looking for a hit to accompany their success with Detective Comics, Jack Liebowitz, co-owner of National Publications, told editor Vin Sullivan to create their fourth comic book. Because of the deadline, Sullivan was forced to make it out of inventory. He found a number of stories, but needed a lead feature. Sullivan asked former coworker Sheldon Mayer if he could help, Mayer found the rejected Superman comic strips, and Sullivan told Siegel and Shuster that if they could paste them into 13 comic book pages, he would buy them
8.
Joanne Siegel
–
Joanne Siegel was an American model, who in the 1930s worked with Superman creator Joe Shuster as the model for Lois Lane, Supermans love interest. She later married Supermans co-creator Jerry Siegel and sued for restoration of her husbands authorship copyright in the Superman character, Siegel was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1917, the daughter of Hungarian immigrants. In 1935, while attending high school, she placed an advertisement in Clevelands The Plain Dealer offering her services as a model. The ad stated, Situation Wanted — Female ARTIST MODEL, No experience, Joe Shuster, who was working on a new comic character, Superman, responded to the ad. Prior to the sessions, Shusters co-creator, Jerry Siegel, had developed an idea for a journalist to be Supermans love interest. Shuster hired her as a model for Lois, and his depiction of Lois was based on his drawings of her hairstyle, interviewed in 1996 by The Plain Dealer, she recalled, I remember the day I met Jerry in Joes living room. Jerry was the model for Superman and he was standing there in a Superman-like pose. He said their character was going to fly through the air, following her modeling work for Shuster, she worked as an artists model, sometimes using the professional name Joanne Carter. She worked for a builder in California during World War II. After the war, Siegel moved to New York, where she ran into Jerry Siegel at a ball to raise money for cartoonists. Both had been married and divorced previously, and lived in Connecticut and New York before moving to California in the 1960s. They remain married until Jerry Siegels death in 1996 and she was not only beautiful but very smart and determined, and she had a lot of guts, she was a courageous person. In a profile of Joanne Siegel, NPR noted, Though a number of actresses played on television and in the movies over the years, Superman co-creator Jerry Siegel always said that his wife, inspired the character of Lois Lane. Their daughter recalled, My mother and father lived in poverty for many, many years. Siegel worked for a time as one of California’s early car saleswomen, she sold new and used Chevys from a lot in Santa Monica, Siegel lived in the Marina Del Rey section of Los Angeles in her later years. Siegel devoted herself to reclaiming the original Superman copyright and she filed a lawsuit in 1999 seeking partial ownership of the Superman character. In 2006, Siegel won a summary judgment in a lawsuit with DC Comics. The Court found that Joanne Siegel and her daughter had successfully recaptured the Superboy copyright in 2004, in 2008, Siegel secured a further ruling from a federal court in Los Angeles restoring her husbands co-authorship share of the original Superman copyrights
9.
Joe Shuster
–
Joseph Joe Shuster was a Canadian-American comic book artist best known for co-creating the DC Comics character Superman, with writer Jerry Siegel, in Action Comics #1. Shuster was involved in a number of battles over ownership of the Superman character. His comic book career after Superman was relatively unsuccessful, and by the mid-1970s Shuster had left the field due to partial blindness. He and Siegel were inducted into both the book industrys Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1993. In 2005, the Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association instituted the Joe Shuster Awards, joseph Shuster was born in Toronto, to a Jewish family. His father, Julius Shuster, an immigrant from Rotterdam, had a shop in Torontos garment district. His mother, Ida, had come from Kiev in Ukraine and his family, including his sister, Jean, lived on Bathurst, Oxford, and Borden Streets, and Shuster attended Ryerson and Lansdowne Public Schools. One cousin is comedian Frank Shuster of the Canadian comedy team Wayne, as a youngster, Shuster worked as a newspaper boy for the Toronto Daily Star. The family barely made ends meet, and the young artist would scrounge for paper. He recalled in 1992, I would go from store to store in Toronto, one day, I was lucky enough to find a bunch of wallpaper rolls that were unused and left over from some job. So it was a goldmine for me, and I went home with every roll I could carry, I kept using that wallpaper for a long time. Sometime in 1924, when Shuster was 9 or 10, his family moved to Cleveland, there Shuster attended Glenville High School and befriended his later collaborator, writer Jerry Siegel, with whom he began publishing a science fiction fanzine called Science Fiction. Siegel described his friendship with the shy and bespectacled Shuster, When Joe and I first met. And DC approved them, just like that, but DC did say, We like your ideas, we like your scripts and we like your drawings. But please, copy over the stories in pen and ink on good paper. So I got my mother and father to me the money to go out and buy some decent paper. The character was not successful, and Siegel eventually devised the more familiar version of the character, lois Lane was modelled on Joanne Carter, who later became Siegels wife. Siegel and Shuster then began a six-year quest to find a publisher, titling it The Superman, Siegel and Shuster offered it to Consolidated Book Publishing, who had published a 48-page black-and-white comic book entitled Detective Dan, Secret Operative No.48
10.
Comic strip
–
A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. With the development of the internet, they began to online as web comics. There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, Strips are written and drawn by a comics artist or cartoonist. As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous, starting in the late 1920s, comic strips expanded from their mirthful origins to feature adventure stories, as seen in Popeye, Captain Easy, Buck Rogers, Tarzan, and The Adventures of Tintin. Soap-opera continuity strips such as Judge Parker and Mary Worth gained popularity in the 1940s, all are called, generically, comic strips, though cartoonist Will Eisner has suggested that sequential art would be a better genre-neutral name. In the UK and the rest of Europe, comic strips are also serialized in comic book magazines, storytelling using a sequence of pictures has existed through history. One medieval European example in textile form is the Bayeux Tapestry, printed examples emerged in 19th-century Germany and in 18th-century England, where some of the first satirical or humorous sequential narrative drawings were produced. William Hogarths 18th century English cartoons include both narrative sequences, such as A Rakes Progress, and single panels, in China, with its traditions of block printing and of the incorporation of text with image, experiments with what became lianhuanhua date back to 1884. The first newspaper comic strips appeared in North America in the late 19th century, the Yellow Kid is usually credited as one of the first newspaper strips. However, the art form combining words and pictures developed gradually, swiss author and caricature artist Rodolphe Töpffer is considered the father of the modern comic strips. In 1865, German painter, author, and caricaturist Wilhelm Busch created the strip Max and Moritz, Max and Moritz provided an inspiration for German immigrant Rudolph Dirks, who created the Katzenjammer Kids in 1897. Familiar comic-strip iconography such as stars for pain, sawing logs for snoring, speech balloons, hugely popular, Katzenjammer Kids occasioned one of the first comic-strip copyright ownership suits in the history of the medium. When Dirks left William Randolph Hearst for the promise of a better salary under Joseph Pulitzer, it was an unusual move, in a highly unusual court decision, Hearst retained the rights to the name Katzenjammer Kids, while creator Dirks retained the rights to the characters. Hearst promptly hired Harold Knerr to draw his own version of the strip, Dirks renamed his version Hans and Fritz. Thus, two versions distributed by rival syndicates graced the pages for decades. Dirks version, eventually distributed by United Feature Syndicate, ran until 1979, in the United States, the great popularity of comics sprang from the newspaper war between Pulitzer and Hearst. On January 31,1912, Hearst introduced the nations first full daily comic page in his New York Evening Journal, the history of this newspaper rivalry and the rapid appearance of comic strips in most major American newspapers is discussed by Ian Gordon. The longest running American comic strips are,1, barney Google and Snuffy Smith 5
11.
Pulp magazine
–
Pulp magazines were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 to the 1950s. The term pulp derives from the wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed, in contrast. The typical pulp magazine had 128 pages, it was 7 inches wide by 10 inches high, the pulps gave rise to the term pulp fiction in reference to run-of-the-mill, low-quality literature. Pulps were the successors to the penny dreadfuls, dime novels, although many respected writers wrote for pulps, the magazines were best known for their lurid, exploitative, and sensational subject matter. The first pulp was Frank Munseys revamped Argosy Magazine of 1896, with about 135,000 words per issue, on paper with untrimmed edges. In six years Argosy went from a few thousand copies per month to over half a million, Street & Smith, a dime novel and boys weekly publisher, was next on the market. Seeing Argosys success, they launched The Popular Magazine in 1903, due to differences in page layout however, the magazine had substantially less text than Argosy. Haggards Lost World genre influenced several key pulp writers, including Edgar Rice Burroughs, Robert E. Howard, Talbot Mundy and Abraham Merritt. Street and Smiths next innovation was the introduction of specialized genre pulps, with each focusing on a particular genre, such as detective stories, romance. At their peak of popularity in the 1920s and 1930s, the most successful pulps could sell up to one million copies per issue, in 1934, Frank Gruber says there were some 150 pulp titles. The most successful pulp magazines were Argosy, Adventure, Blue Book and Short Stories, although pulp magazines were primarily an American phenomenon, there were also a number of British pulp magazines published between the Edwardian era and World War II. Notable UK pulps included Pall Mall Magazine, The Novel Magazine, Cassells Magazine, The Story-Teller, The Sovereign Magazine, Hutchinsons Adventure-Story and Hutchinsons Mystery-Story. The German fantasy magazine Der Orchideengarten had a format to American pulp magazines, in that it was printed on rough pulp paper. During the Second World War paper shortages had a impact on pulp production, starting a steady rise in costs. Beginning with Ellery Queens Mystery Magazine in 1941, pulp magazines began to switch to digest size, in 1949, Street & Smith closed most of their pulp magazines in order to move upmarket and produce slicks. The pulp format declined from rising expenses, but even more due to the competition from comic books, television. In a more affluent post-war America, the price gap compared to slick magazines was far less significant, in the 1950s, mens adventure magazines began to replace the pulp. The format is still in use for some lengthy serials, like the German science fiction weekly Perry Rhodan, many titles of course survived only briefly
12.
Fandom
–
Fandom is a term used to refer to a subculture composed of fans characterized by a feeling of empathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest. A fandom can grow around any area of human interest or activity, the subject of fan interest can be narrowly defined, focused on something like an individual celebrity, or more widely defined, encompassing entire hobbies, genres or fashions. While it is now used to apply to groups of people fascinated with any subject, merriam-Websters dictionary traces the usage of the term back as far as 1903. It is formed of the word fan plus the suffix -dom, Fandom as a term can also be used in a broad sense to refer to the interconnected social networks of individual fandoms, many of which overlap. A wide variety of Western modern organized fannish subcultures originated with science fiction fandom, Science fiction fandom dates back to the 1930s and maintains organized clubs and associations in many cities around the world. Fans have held the annual World Science Fiction Convention since 1939, along many other events each year. In addition, the Society for Creative Anachronism, a medievalist re-creation group, has its roots in science fiction fandom. Media fandom split from science fiction fandom in the early 1970s with a focus on relationships between characters within TV and movie media franchises, such as Star Trek and The Man from U. N. C. L. E. Fans of these franchises generated creative products like fan art and fan fiction at a time when science fiction fandom was focused on critical discussions. The MediaWest convention provided a room and was instrumental in the emergence of fan vids, or analytic music videos based on a source. By the mid-1970s, it was possible to meet fans at science fiction conventions who did not read science fiction, anime and manga fandom began in the 1970s in Japan. In America, the fandom also began as an offshoot of science fiction fandom, furry fandom refers to the fandom for fictional anthropomorphic animal characters with human personalities and characteristics. Additional subjects with significant fandoms include comics, sports, music, pulp magazines, soap operas, members of a fandom associate with one another, often attending fan conventions and publishing and exchanging fanzines and newsletters. Amateur press associations are another form of fan publication and networking, often, fans congregate on forums and discussion boards to share their love for and criticism of a specific work. This congregation can lead to a level of organization and community within the fandom. Although there is level of hierarchy among most of the discussion boards in which certain contributors are valued more highly than others, newcomers are most often welcomed into the fold. Most importantly, these sorts of discussion boards can have an effect on the media itself as was the case in the television show Glee, trends on the discussion boards have been known to influence the writers and producers of the show. The media fandom for the TV series Firefly was able to generate enough corporate interest to create a movie after the series was canceled, some fans write fan fiction, stories based on the universe and characters of their chosen fandom
13.
Science-fiction fandom
–
Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community or fandom of people actively interested in science fiction in contact with one another based upon that interest. SF fandom has a life of its own, but not much in the way of formal organization, Science fiction fandom started through the letter column of Hugo Gernsbacks fiction magazines. Not only did fans write comments about the stories—they sent their addresses, soon, fans were writing letters directly to each other, and meeting in person when they lived close together, or when one of them could manage a trip. In New York City, David Lasser, Gernsbacks managing editor, nurtured the birth of a local club called the Scienceers. Almost all the members were adolescent boys, around this time a few other small local groups began to spring up in metropolitan areas around the United States, many of them connecting with fellow enthusiasts via the Science Correspondence Club. In May 1930 the first science fiction fan magazine, The Comet, was produced by the Chicago branch of the Science Correspondence Club under the editorship of Raymond A. Palmer and Walter Dennis. In 1934, Gernsback established a club for fans called the Science Fiction League. Local groups across the nation could join by filling out an application, a number of clubs came into being around this time. LASFS was founded at this time as a branch of the SFL, while several competing local branches sprang up in New York City. Soon after the fans started to communicate directly with each other came the creation of science fiction fanzines and these amateur publications might or might not discuss science fiction and were generally traded rather than sold. They ranged from the utilitarian or inept to professional-quality printing and editing, science-fiction fans have been among the first users of computers, email, personal computers and the Internet. Many professional science fiction authors started their interest in fiction as fans. A widely regarded history of fandom in the 1930s can be found in Sam Moskowitzs The Immortal Storm, Moskowitz was himself involved in some of the incidents chronicled and has his own point of view, which has often been criticized. Organized fandom in Sweden emerged during the early-1950s, the first Swedish science fiction fanzine was started in the early 1950s. The oldest still existing club, Club Cosmos in Gothenburg, was formed in 1954, today, there are a number of science fiction clubs in the country, including Skandinavisk Förening för Science Fiction, Linköpings Science Fiction-Förening and Sigma Terra Corps. Between one and four science fiction conventions are held each year in Sweden, among them Swecon, an annual prize is awarded to someone that has contributed to the national fandom by the Alvar Appeltofft Memorial Fund. Since the late 1930s, SF fans have organized conventions, non-profit gatherings where the meet to discuss SF. The 1st World Science Fiction Convention or Worldcon was held in conjunction with the 1939 New York Worlds Fair, and has been held annually since the end of World War II
14.
Jack Williamson
–
John Stewart Williamson, who wrote as Jack Williamson, was an American science fiction writer, often called the Dean of Science Fiction after the death of Robert Heinlein in 1988. Early in his career he used the pseudonyms Will Stewart. Williamson was born April 29,1908 in Bisbee, Arizona Territory, in search of better pastures, his family migrated to rural New Mexico in a horse-drawn covered wagon in 1915. The farming was difficult there and the family turned to ranching and he served in the U. S. Army Air Corps in World War II as a weather forecaster. As a child Williamson enjoyed storytelling to his brother and two sisters, as a young man, he discovered the magazine Amazing Stories, established in 1926 by Hugo Gernsback, after answering an ad for one free issue. He strove to write his own fiction and sold his first story to Gernsback at age 20 and his work during this early period was heavily influenced by A. Merritt, author of The Metal Monster and other fantasy serials. Noting the Merritt influence, Algis Budrys described The Metal Man as a full of memorable images. Early on, Williamson became impressed by the works of Miles J. Breuer, a doctor who wrote science fiction in his spare time, Breuer had a strong talent and turned Williamson away from dreamlike fantasies towards more rigorous plotting and stronger narrative. Under Breuers tutelage, Williamson would send outlines and drafts for review, heinleins The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress. From this period, his stories take on a grittier, more realistic tone, Williamson remained a regular contributor to the pulp magazines but did not achieve financial success as a writer until many years later. Williamson wrote the strip Beyond Mars, loosely based on his novel Seetee Ship, beginning 1954 and continuing into the 1990s, Williamson and Frederick Pohl wrote more than a dozen science fiction novels together, including the series Jim Eden, Starchild, and Cuckoo. Williamson continued to write as a nonagenarian and won both the Hugo and Nebula Awards during the last decade of his life, by far the oldest writer to win those awards. The labels you hear so much of—commercial, serious writer, mainstream, hack, New Wave, but certainly the writing they did earlier was deservedly popular among SF fandom, who evidently found these works serious enough to merit reading. I am opposed, however, to literary tricks that tend towards obscurity or artificial difficulty, the point is that these patterns and structures form the basic vocabulary through which all SF writers must speak. Williamson received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees in English in the 1950s from Eastern New Mexico University in Portales and he remained affiliated with the school for the rest of his life. In the late 1990s, he established a permanent trust to fund the publication of El Portal, ENMUs journal of literature and art. In addition, Williamson hosted the Jack Williamson Lectureship Series, a panel discussion in which two science fiction authors were invited to speak to attendees on a set topic. The Jack Williamson Liberal Arts building houses the Mathematics, Art, in the field of science, Jack Williamson coined the word terraforming in a science-fiction story published in 1942 in Astounding Science Fiction
15.
Fanzine
–
A fanzine is a nonprofessional and nonofficial publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon for the pleasure of others who share their interest. The term was coined in an October 1940 science fiction fanzine by Russ Chauvenet, typically, publishers, editors and contributors of articles or illustrations to fanzines receive no financial compensation. Fanzines are traditionally circulated free of charge, or for a nominal cost to defray postage or production expenses, copies are often offered in exchange for similar publications, or for contributions of art, articles, or letters of comment, which are then published. The term fanzine is sometimes confused with fan magazine, but the term most often refers to commercially produced publications for fans. P. These publications were produced first on small tabletop printing presses, often by students, as professional printing technology progressed, so did the technology of fanzines. Early fanzines were hand-drafted or typed on a typewriter and printed using primitive reproduction techniques. Only a very small number of copies could be made at a time, the use of mimeograph machines enabled greater press runs, and the photocopier increased the speed and ease of publishing once more. Today, thanks to the advent of publishing and self-publication. When Hugo Gernsback published the first scientifiction magazine, Amazing Stories in 1926, by 1927 readers, often young adults, would write to each other, bypassing the magazine. Science fiction fanzines had their beginnings in Serious & Constructive correspondence, fans finding themselves writing the same letter to several correspondents sought to save themselves a lot of typing by duplicating their letters. Early efforts included simple carbon copies but that proved insufficient, the first science fiction fanzine, The Comet, was published in 1930 by the Science Correspondence Club in Chicago and edited by Raymond A. Palmer and Walter Dennis. The term fanzine was coined by Russ Chauvenet in the October 1940 edition of his fanzine Detours, fanzines were distinguished from prozines, that is, all professional magazines. Prior to that, the fan publications were known as fanmags or letterzines, Science fiction fanzines used a variety of printing methods. Typewriters, school dittos, church mimeos and multi-color letterpress or other mid-to-high level printing, some fans wanted their news spread, others reveled in the artistry and beauty of fine printing. The hectograph, introduced around 1876, was so named because it could produce up to a hundred copies, hecto used an aniline dye, transferred to a tray of gelatin, and paper would be placed on the gel, one sheet at a time, for transfer. Messy and smelly, the process could create vibrant colors for the few copies produced, the next small but significant technological step after hecto is the spirit duplicator, essentially the hectography process using a drum instead of the gelatin. Introduced by Ditto Corporation in 1923, these machines were known for the six decades as Ditto Machines and used by fans because they were cheap to use. The mimeograph machine, which forced ink through a wax paper stencil cut by the keys of a typewriter, was the standard for many decades, a second-hand mimeo could print hundreds of copies and print in color
16.
Typewriter
–
A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by printers movable type. A typewriter operates by means of keys that strike a ribbon to transmit ink or carbon impressions onto paper, typically, a single character is printed on each key press. The machine prints characters by making ink impressions of type elements similar to the used in movable type letterpress printing. At the end of the century, the term typewriter was also applied to a person who used a typing machine. After its invention in the 1860s, the quickly became an indispensable tool for practically all writing other than personal handwritten correspondence. It was widely used by writers, in offices. As with the automobile, telephone, and telegraph, a number of people contributed insights, historians have estimated that some form of typewriter was invented 52 times as thinkers tried to come up with a workable design. Some of the early typing instruments, In 1575 an Italian printmaker, Francesco Rampazzetto, invented the scrittura tattile, in 1714, Henry Mill obtained a patent in Britain for a machine that, from the patent, appears to have been similar to a typewriter. In 1802 Italian Agostino Fantoni developed a particular typewriter to enable his blind sister to write, in 1808 Italian Pellegrino Turri invented a typewriter. He also invented carbon paper to provide the ink for his machine, in 1823 Italian Pietro Conti di Cilavegna invented a new model of typewriter, the tachigrafo, also known as tachitipo. In 1829, William Austin Burt patented a machine called the Typographer which, the Science Museum describes it merely as the first writing mechanism whose invention was documented, but even that claim may be excessive, since Turris invention pre-dates it. Even in the hands of its inventor, this machine was slower than handwriting, Burt and his promoter John D. Sheldon never found a buyer for the patent, so the invention was never commercially produced, because the typographer used a dial, rather than keys, to select each character, it was called an index typewriter rather than a keyboard typewriter. Index typewriters of that era resemble the squeeze-style embosser from the 1960s more than they resemble the modern keyboard typewriter, by the mid-19th century, the increasing pace of business communication had created a need for mechanization of the writing process. Stenographers and telegraphers could take down information at rates up to 130 words per minute, from 1829 to 1870, many printing or typing machines were patented by inventors in Europe and America, but none went into commercial production. Charles Thurber developed multiple patents, of which his first in 1843 was developed as an aid to the blind, in 1855, the Italian Giuseppe Ravizza created a prototype typewriter called Cembalo scrivano o macchina da scrivere a tasti. It was a machine that let the user see the writing as it was typed. In 1861, Father Francisco João de Azevedo, a Brazilian priest, made his own typewriter with basic materials and tools, such as wood, in that same year the Brazilian emperor D
17.
Wonder Stories
–
Wonder Stories was an early American science fiction magazine which was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955. It was founded by Hugo Gernsback in 1929 after he had lost control of his first science magazine, Amazing Stories. Within a few months of the bankruptcy, Gernsback launched three new magazines, Air Wonder Stories, Science Wonder Stories and Science Wonder Quarterly, Air Wonder Stories and Science Wonder Stories were merged in 1930 as Wonder Stories, and the quarterly was renamed Wonder Stories Quarterly. The last issue was dated Winter 1955, and the title was merged with Startling Stories. Startling itself lasted only to the end of 1955 before finally succumbing to the decline of the magazine industry. The editors under Gernsbacks ownership were David Lasser, who worked hard to improve the quality of the fiction, under its new title, Thrilling Wonder Stories was initially unable to improve its quality. For a period in the early 1940s it was aimed at younger readers, with a juvenile editorial tone, later editors began to improve the fiction, and by the end of the 1940s, in the opinion of science fiction historian Mike Ashley, the magazine briefly rivaled Astounding. By the end of the 19th century, stories centered on scientific inventions and set in the future, Magazines such as Munseys Magazine and The Argosy, launched in 1889 and 1896 respectively, carried a few science fiction stories each year. The first science magazine, Amazing Stories, was launched in 1926 by Hugo Gernsback at the height of the pulp magazine era. Wonder Stories was launched in the era, not long after Amazing Stories. Gernsbacks new magazine, Amazing Stories, was successful, but Gernsback lost control of the publisher when it went bankrupt in February 1929, by April he had formed a new company, Gernsback Publications Incorporated, and created two subsidiaries, Techni-Craft Publishing Corporation and Stellar Publishing Corporation. Gernsback sent out letters advertising his plans for new magazines, the lists he used almost certainly were compiled from the subscription lists of Amazing Stories. This would have been illegal, as the lists were owned by Irving Trust, Gernsback denied using the lists under oath, but historians have generally agreed that he must have done so. The letters also asked potential subscribers to decide the name of the new magazine, they voted for Science Wonder Stories, Gernsbacks recovery from the bankruptcy judgment was remarkably quick. By early June he had launched three new magazines, two of which published science fiction, the June 1929 issue of Science Wonder Stories appeared on newsstands on 5 May 1929, and was followed on 5 June by the July 1929 issue of Air Wonder Stories. Both magazines were monthly, with Gernsback as editor-in-chief and David Lasser as editor, Lasser had no prior editing experience and knew little about science fiction, but his recently acquired degree from MIT convinced Gernsback to hire him. Gernsback claimed that science fiction was educational and he also recruited a panel of nationally known educators pass upon the scientific principles of all stories. However, Donald Menzel, the astrophysicist on the panel, has said that Gernsback sent him manuscripts, in 1930, Gernsback decided to merge Science Wonder Stories and Air Wonder Stories into Wonder Stories
18.
Glenville High School
–
Glenville Academic Campus is a public high school in the Glenville area on the East Side of Cleveland, Ohio. The school is part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District, the schools original building was located at Everton and Parkwood. The current building was built in 1964 and is located at E. 113th, the Village of Glenville was incorporated in 1870, and was annexed by the City of Cleveland in 1905. Having been initially settled by northern European immigrants, by the end of the World War I, by the Great Depression, the Glenville neighborhood had become the epicenter of Clevelands Jewish population, with the high school reflecting the change. Glenvilles population remained in flux, with the demographic changing considerably since World War II, by the 1950s, the neighborhood was predominantly African-American, with the schools enrollment reflecting the shift accordingly. Siegel and Shuster together also published what may have been the first SF fanzine, Superman has since gone on to become one of the most recognized fictional characters of modern times. The schools athletic teams are called the Tarblooders, the school is most notable for its football team and track teams, both coached by Ted Ginn, Sr. During the 2006 college football season, Glenville had seven of its graduates on the Ohio State Buckeyes football roster alone, several of those players were also members of the track and field team, which won five consecutive Ohio High School State Championships. In November 2009, Glenvilles football team beat regional powerhouse Massillon to become the first Cleveland Public school to advance to the State Final in OHSAA Playoff history. Robert Ware, is arguably the greatest sprinter ever to attend the storied Cleveland Glenville High School where he won multiple State Meet Titles in relays,100 and 220 yard dashes. His record setting teams also won three championships in the 880 yard relay and three State Meet Titles in the years of 1966,1967, and 1968. Robert participated at Cuyahoga Community College and Western Kentucky University, robert ran in the 1972 Olympic Trials. He also competed with the Philadelphia Pioneer Track Club when he ran the fastest time in the world as a member of the 400 meter relay in 1972, leon Bibb - TV news anchor. Christian Bryant - NFL Player Frank Clark - NFL player, benny Friedman - NFL player, coach. Ted Ginn Jr. - NFL player, willie Henry - NFL player Jermale Hines - NFL player Wilson Hirschfeld - Journalist. Marshon Lattimore - College football player Jerome Lawrence, playwright Al Lerner- Pianist, howard Metzenbaum - United States Senator. Antwaun Molden - NFL player Jonathan Newsome - NFL player, joe Shuster - Co-creator of the comic book hero Superman. Jerry Siegel - Co-creator of the comic book hero Superman, patricia Haynes Smith - Member, Louisiana House of Representatives
19.
National Allied Publications
–
National Comics Publications, Inc. was the comic book company that would become DC Comics. Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year before being forced out in 1938, National Allied and Detective Comics, Inc. merged to become National Comics Publications, Inc. on September 30,1946, which absorbed Max Gaines and Liebowitzs All-American Publications as well. National Comics was renamed National Periodical Publications, Inc. in 1961, National Comics Publications, Inc. v. Fawcett Publications, Inc. Charles Wooley. Wooleys History of the Comic Book, 1899-1936, The Origin of the Superhero
20.
DC Comics
–
DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication
21.
University Heights, Ohio
–
University Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It borders Beachwood to the east, Cleveland Heights to the west, South Euclid to the north, the population was 13,539 as of the 2010 Census. University Heights is nicknamed the City of Beautiful Homes, University Heights is closely tied to neighboring Cleveland Heights, with the two sharing a school system, library system, post office and zip code, some city services, and local media outlets. With about half the population under the age of 30, University Heights is home to one of the youngest communities in the region, originally part of the Warrensville Township, University Heights was incorporated as Idlewood Village in 1908. It adopted its present name in 1935 when John Carroll University moved into the area, John Carroll attracted massive growth and University Heights soon became recognized as a city in 1940. Every summer since 1967 has begun with a Memorial Day parade which is the longest-running Memorial Day parade on the east side of Cleveland, over time the city has become home to multiple parks, a public pool, and several commercial developments. University Heights is located at 41°29′42″N 81°32′13″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.82 square miles, all land. Both branches of Dugway Brook rise in University Heights, on or near the campus of John Carroll University, all of the brook within the city was culverted in the early 20th century and now flows under the pavement. Meadowbrook Boulevard traces the course of the upper west branch. The median income for a household in the city was $72,519, the per capita income for the city was $30,081. About 6. 2% of the population were below the poverty line. Of the citys population over the age of 25,67. 0% hold a degree or higher. 92. 8% spoke English,2. 1% Spanish,0. 9% Yiddish,0. 9% Hebrew, as of the census of 2010, there were 13,539 people,4,810 households, and 3,011 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,439.0 inhabitants per square mile, there were 5,248 housing units at an average density of 2,883.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 71. 8% White,23. 1% African American,0. 1% Native American,2. 4% Asian,0. 9% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 8% of the population. 29. 1% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.11. The median age in the city was 30.7 years. 22. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,19. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,25. 8% were from 25 to 44,20. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 11. 7% were 65 years of age or older
22.
Stars and Stripes (newspaper)
–
Stars and Stripes is an American military newspaper that focuses and reports on matters concerning the members of the United States Armed Forces. The newspaper has its headquarters in Washington, D. C, on November 9,1861, during the Civil War, soldiers of the 11th, 18th, and 29th Illinois Regiments set up camp in the Missouri city of Bloomfield. Finding the local newspapers office empty, they decided to print a newspaper about their activities and they called it the Stars and Stripes. Today, the Stars and Stripes Museum/Library Association is located in Bloomfield, there is, however, no continuity between this and the later newspaper bearing the same name. During World War I, the staff, roving reporters, and illustrators of the Stars, harold Ross, editor of the Stars and Stripes, returned home to found The New Yorker magazine. Cyrus Baldridge, its art director and principal illustrator, became an illustrator of books and magazines, as well as a writer, print maker. Sports page editor Grantland Rice had a career in journalism. Drama critic Alexander Woollcotts essays for Stars and Stripes were collected in his 1919 book, during World War II, the newspaper was printed in dozens of editions in several operating theaters. Some of the editions were assembled and printed very close to the front in order to get the latest information to the most troops, also, during the war, the newspaper published the 53-book series G. I. The newspaper has published continuously in Europe since 1942 and in the Pacific since 1945. A photograph in Stars and Stripes loosely inspired the exploits of PFC Jack Agnew in the 1965 novel and its 1967 film adaptation, American comic strips have been presented in a 15-page section, Stripes Sunday Comics. A weekly derivative product is distributed within the United States by its commercial publishing partners, Stars and Stripes newspaper averages 32 pages each day and is published in tabloid format and online at www. stripes. com/epaper. Stars and Stripes also serves independent military news and information to an audience of about 2.0 million unique visitors per month,60 to 70 percent of whom are located in the United States. Stars and Stripes is a non-appropriated fund organization, only partially subsidized by the Department of Defense, a large portion of its operating costs is earned through the sale of advertising and subscriptions. Unique among the many publications, Stars and Stripes operates as a First Amendment newspaper and is part of the newly formed Defense Media Activity. The other entities encompassed by the Defense Media Activity, are command publications of the Department of Defense, only Stars, Stars and Stripes is in the process of digitizing its World War II editions. Newspaper microfilm from 1949 to 1999 is now in searchable format through a partnership with Heritage Microfilm and has integrated into an archives website. Newspaper Archive has also recently made the England, Ireland
23.
Long Island
–
Long Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region within the U. S. state of New York. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties, Kings and Queens to the west, then Nassau, more generally, Long Island may also refer collectively both to the main Island as well as its nearby, surrounding outer barrier islands. North of the island is the Long Island Sound, across from which lie the states of Connecticut, across the Sound, to the northwest, lies Westchester County on mainland New York. To the west, Long Island is separated from the Bronx and the island of Manhattan by the East River. To the extreme southwest, it is separated from the New York City borough of Staten Island and the U. S. state of New Jersey by Upper New York Bay, the Narrows, to the east lie Block Island and numerous smaller islands. Its population density is 5,595.1 inhabitants per square mile, Long Island is culturally and ethnically diverse. Some of the wealthiest and most expensive neighborhoods in the Western Hemisphere are located on Long Island, nine bridges and 13 tunnels connect Brooklyn and Queens to the three other boroughs of New York City. Ferries connect Suffolk County northward across Long Island Sound to the state of Connecticut, the Long Island Rail Road is the busiest commuter railroad in North America and operates 24/7. At the time of European contact, the Lenape people inhabited the western end of Long Island, giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record an encounter with the Lenapes, after entering what is now New York Bay in 1524. In 1609, the English navigator Henry Hudson explored the harbor, adriaen Block followed in 1615 and is credited as the first European to determine that both Manhattan and Long Island are islands. Native American land deeds recorded by the Dutch from 1636 state that the Indians referred to Long Island as Sewanhaka, sewan was one of the terms for wampum, and is also translated as loose or scattered, which may refer either to the wampum or to Long Island. The name t Lange Eylandt alias Matouwacs appears in Dutch maps from the 1650s, later, the English referred to the land as Nassau Island, after the Dutch Prince William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. It is unclear when the name Nassau Island was discontinued, the very first settlements on Long Island were by settlers from England and its colonies in present-day New England. Lion Gardiner settled nearby Gardiners Island, the first settlement on the geographic Long Island itself was on October 21,1640, when Southold was established by the Rev. John Youngs and settlers from New Haven, Connecticut. Peter Hallock, one of the settlers, drew the long straw and was granted the honor to step ashore first and he is considered the first New World settler on Long Island. Southampton was settled in the same year, Hempstead followed in 1644, East Hampton in 1648, Huntington in 1653, and Brookhaven in 1655. While the eastern region of Long Island was first settled by the English, until 1664, the jurisdiction of Long Island was split, roughly at the present border between Nassau County and Suffolk County. The Dutch founded six towns in present-day Brooklyn beginning in 1645 and these included, Brooklyn, Gravesend, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht, and Bushwick
24.
Funnyman (comics)
–
Funnyman is a fictional comic book character whose adventures were published in 1948 by Magazine Enterprises. Siegel and Shusters new creation, Funnyman, starred in a series that ran six issues, the premiere issue was preceded the previous month by a black-and-white ashcan printing for copyright reasons. A newspaper comic strip debuted in October 1948, but Funnyman also failed to find an audience in this format, Funnyman at the Comic Book DB Gordon, Mel, Andrae, Thomas. Siegel and Shusters Funnyman, The First Jewish Superhero from the Creators of Superman
25.
Ziff-Davis
–
Ziff Davis, LLC is an American publisher and Internet company. It was initiated during 1927 in Chicago, Illinois, by William B, Ziff, Sr. and Bernard G. Davis. Throughout most of Ziff Davis history, it was a publisher of hobbyist magazines, often devoted to expensive, advertiser-rich technical hobbies such as cars, photography. However, since 1980, Ziff Davis has primarily published computer-related magazines, Ziff Davis had several broadcasting properties, first during the mid-1970s, and later with its own technology network ZDTV, later renamed to TechTV, that was sold to Vulcan Ventures during 2001. Ziff Davis magazine publishing and internet operations offices are based in New York City, Massachusetts, on November 12,2012, Ziff Davis Inc. was acquired by cloud computing services company j2 Global of Hollywood, Calif. for $167 million cash. According to a late 2015 Fortune article, Ziff Davis comprises 30% of parent company j2 Globals $600 million annual revenue and is increasing 15% to 20% each year, analyst Gregory Burns of Sidoti & Company calculates that Ziff Davis is worth $1.9 billion. During 1923, Ziff acquired E. C, auld Company, a Chicago publishing house. Ziffs first venture in publishing was Ziffs Magazine, which featured short stories, one-act plays, humorous verse. The title was changed to Americas Humor during April 1926, Bernard George Davis was the student editor of the University of Pittsburghs humor magazine, the Pitt Panther, and was active in the Association of College Comics of the East. During his senior year he attended the convention and met William B. When Davis graduated during 1927 he joined Ziff as the editor of Americas Humor, Ziff, who had been an aviator in World War I, created a new magazine, Popular Aviation, during August 1927 that was published by Popular Aviation Publishing Company of Chicago, Illinois. Managed by Editor Harley W. Mitchell it became the largest aviation magazine, the magazines title became Aeronautics for June 1929 and the publishing companys name became Aeronautical Publications, Inc. The title was changed back to Popular Aviation for July 1930, the magazine became Flying during 1942 and is still published today by the Bonnier Corporation. The magazine celebrated its 80th anniversary during 2007, the company histories normally give the founding date as 1927. This is when B. G. Davis joined and Popular Aviation magazine started, however, it was not until 1936 that the company became the Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. Davis was given a minority equity interest in the company and was appointed a vice-president. He was later named president during 1946, Davis was a photography enthusiast and the editor of the Popular Photography magazine started during May 1937. During early 1938, Ziff-Davis acquired the magazines Radio News and Amazing Stories and these were started by Hugo Gernsback but sold as a result of the Experimenter Publishing bankruptcy during 1929
26.
Ziff Davis
–
Ziff Davis, LLC is an American publisher and Internet company. It was initiated during 1927 in Chicago, Illinois, by William B, Ziff, Sr. and Bernard G. Davis. Throughout most of Ziff Davis history, it was a publisher of hobbyist magazines, often devoted to expensive, advertiser-rich technical hobbies such as cars, photography. However, since 1980, Ziff Davis has primarily published computer-related magazines, Ziff Davis had several broadcasting properties, first during the mid-1970s, and later with its own technology network ZDTV, later renamed to TechTV, that was sold to Vulcan Ventures during 2001. Ziff Davis magazine publishing and internet operations offices are based in New York City, Massachusetts, on November 12,2012, Ziff Davis Inc. was acquired by cloud computing services company j2 Global of Hollywood, Calif. for $167 million cash. According to a late 2015 Fortune article, Ziff Davis comprises 30% of parent company j2 Globals $600 million annual revenue and is increasing 15% to 20% each year, analyst Gregory Burns of Sidoti & Company calculates that Ziff Davis is worth $1.9 billion. During 1923, Ziff acquired E. C, auld Company, a Chicago publishing house. Ziffs first venture in publishing was Ziffs Magazine, which featured short stories, one-act plays, humorous verse. The title was changed to Americas Humor during April 1926, Bernard George Davis was the student editor of the University of Pittsburghs humor magazine, the Pitt Panther, and was active in the Association of College Comics of the East. During his senior year he attended the convention and met William B. When Davis graduated during 1927 he joined Ziff as the editor of Americas Humor, Ziff, who had been an aviator in World War I, created a new magazine, Popular Aviation, during August 1927 that was published by Popular Aviation Publishing Company of Chicago, Illinois. Managed by Editor Harley W. Mitchell it became the largest aviation magazine, the magazines title became Aeronautics for June 1929 and the publishing companys name became Aeronautical Publications, Inc. The title was changed back to Popular Aviation for July 1930, the magazine became Flying during 1942 and is still published today by the Bonnier Corporation. The magazine celebrated its 80th anniversary during 2007, the company histories normally give the founding date as 1927. This is when B. G. Davis joined and Popular Aviation magazine started, however, it was not until 1936 that the company became the Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. Davis was given a minority equity interest in the company and was appointed a vice-president. He was later named president during 1946, Davis was a photography enthusiast and the editor of the Popular Photography magazine started during May 1937. During early 1938, Ziff-Davis acquired the magazines Radio News and Amazing Stories and these were started by Hugo Gernsback but sold as a result of the Experimenter Publishing bankruptcy during 1929
27.
Great Neck, New York
–
Great Neck has five ZIP Codes, and one school district. The hamlets are census-designated places that consolidate various unincorporated areas and they are statistical entities and are not recognized locally. However, there are locally recognized neighborhoods within the areas, such as, Harbor Hills, Saddle Rock Estates, University Gardens. The Manhasset neighborhood is not considered part of Great Neck, the part of the Hamlet of Manhasset that is considered part of Great Neck includes the Great Neck Manor neighborhood. Great Neck Gardens is featured on maps as a name of one such hamlet. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has an area of 1.4 square miles, of which 0.04 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,989 people,3,645 households, the population density was 7,062.3 people per square mile. There were 3,645 housing units at a density of 2,547.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 82. 8% White,2. 0% African American,0. 20% Native American,7. 2% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander,3. 9% from other races, and 3. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10. 2% of the population, as of 2000 Great Neck was the second-most ethnic Iranian populated place in the United States, with 21. 1% of its population reporting Iranian ancestry. The general trend has been that the part of Great Neck has a greater number of Iranian families. The African-American population is low in all of Great Neck,20. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85, and the family size was 3.30. In the village the population was out with 26. 4% under the age of 18,6. 0% from 18 to 24,25. 3% from 25 to 44,24. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males, the westernmost portion of the Hamlet of Manhasset lies between the villages of Thomaston and Lake Success and has Great Neck postal codes. Before the Dutch and English settlers arrived on the peninsula of Great Neck in the 17th century and it was not until 1681 when the European settlers held the first town meeting. The Mattinecock or Metoac used Long Island Sound as a way to fish and trade with others
28.
Legion of Super-Heroes
–
The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team appearing in books published by DC Comics. Initially, the team was associated with the original Superboy character. Later, the Legions origin and back story were fleshed out, eventually, Superboy was removed from the team altogether and appeared only as an occasional guest star. The team has two major reboots during its run. The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of the Zero Hour storyline in 1994, a fourth version of the team, nearly identical to the original version, was introduced in 2007. Superboy was the series in Adventure Comics in the 1950s. Their club had formed with Superboy as an inspiration. After a series of tests, Superboy was awarded membership and returned to his own time, although intended as a one-off story focusing on Superboy, the Legion proved so popular that it returned for an encore in Adventure Comics #267. In this story, Lightning Boy had been renamed Lightning Lad, the Legions popularity grew, and they appeared in further stories in Adventure Comics, Action Comics, and other titles edited by Mort Weisinger over the next few years. Even Supergirl was recruited as a member, in Adventure Comics #300, the Legion received their own regular feature, cover-billed Superboy in Tales of the Legion of Super-Heroes. While they would share space with Superboy solo stories for a couple of years, Lightning Lad was killed in Adventure Comics #304 and revived in issue #312. It was the Adventure Comics run which established the Legions general workings, a club of teenagers, they operated out of a clubhouse in the shape of an inverted yellow rocket ship which looked as if it had been driven into the ground. The position of Legion leader rotated among the membership, each Legionnaire had to possess one natural superpower which no other member possessed, despite this, several members had overlapping powers, particularly Superboy, Supergirl, Mon-El, and Ultra Boy. The Legion was based on Earth and protected an organization of humans and aliens called the United Planets, the regular police force in the United Planets was the Science Police. The setting for each story was 1000 years from the date of publication, in Adventure Comics #346, Jim Shooter,14 years old at the time, wrote his first Legion story. Soon thereafter, Shooter became the writer of the Legion stories, with Curt Swan. The Legions last appearance in Adventure Comics was #380, and they were displaced by Supergirl in the next issue, the early 1970s saw the Legion relegated to the status of back-up feature. First, the stories were moved to Action Comics for issues #377–392
29.
Warner Bros.
–
Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
30.
The Reign of the Superman
–
The Reign of the Superman is a short story written by Jerry Siegel and illustrated by Joe Shuster. It was the first published use by the writer/artist duo of the name Superman, the title character of this story is a telepathic villain rather than a physically powerful hero. High school friends Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster tried selling their stories to magazines in order to escape Depression era poverty, according to a 1983 interview with Siegel, he first wrote the short story The Reign of the Superman in 1932. Inspired by Friedrich Nietzsches idea of an Übermensch, Siegels original story featured his first Superman as a powerful villain bent on dominating the entire world, Siegels short story appeared in Science Fiction, The Advance Guard of Future Civilization Issue #3, with accompanying artwork by Shuster. For this publication, Siegel used the pen name Herbert S. Fine, the term Superman was popularized by George Bernard Shaw with his 1903 play Man and Superman. When Smalleys experimental potion grants Dunn telepathic powers, the man becomes intoxicated by his power and this superpowered man uses these abilities for evil, only to discover that the potions effects are temporary. Having killed the evil Smalley, who had intended to kill Dunn and give himself the same powers, as the story ends, Dunns powers wear off and he realizes he will be returning to the bread line to be a forgotten man once more. Siegel rewrote the character in 1933 as a hero bearing little or no resemblance to his villainous namesake, when Siegel saw the 48-page black-and-white comic book titled Detective Dan, Secret Operative No. 48, he decided that a Superman who was a hero could make a comic character. He went on to write a story which Shuster would draw in comic format. Titling it The Superman, Siegel and Shuster offered it to Consolidated Book Publishing, although the duo received an encouraging letter, Consolidated never again published comic books. Discouraged, Shuster burned all pages of the story, the cover surviving only because Siegel rescued it from the fire, Siegel and Shuster compared the character to Slam Bradley, a private detective the pair later created for Detective Comics #1. We had a character, Siegel later said, and were determined it would be published. Siegel and Shuster would next use the name in June 1938s Action Comics #1, in DCs year-long weekly series 52 #35, numerous superhero characters abruptly lose their powers and fall from the sky in a story titled Rain of the Supermen. DCs Tangent Universe features an alternate conception of Superman as an evolved human. Few intact copies of Science Fiction #3, the publication for this story. Collectors value it both because of its rarity and because of its importance in the history behind the development of the DC Comics character Superman, in September 2006, Heritage Auction Galleries in Dallas, Texas, auctioned off a copy for $47,800. The Official Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide #18 reprints the first two pages with opening text and Shusters splash art, nemo, the Classic Comics Library #2 p. 20-28 reprints the entire story
31.
Slam Bradley
–
Samuel Emerson Slam Bradley is a fictional character that has appeared in various comic book series published by DC Comics. He is a detective who exists in DCs main shared universe. Slam was one of the first stars of Detective Comics, debuting in #1 a year before Superman first appeared, Slam Bradley was originally outlined by Wheeler-Nicholson in a May 13,1936 letter to Jerry Siegel, which stated, We need some more work from you. We are getting out at least one new magazine in July and possibly two, the first one is definitely in the works. It will contain longer stories and fewer, from you and Shuster we need sixteen pages monthly. We want a detective hero called Slam Bradley and he is to be an amateur, called in by the police to help unravel difficult cases. He should combine both brains and brawn, be able to quickly and reason cleverly and able as well to slam bang his way out of a bar room brawl or mob attack. Take every opportunity to him in a torn shirt with swelling biceps. The pages are to run the same size as New Comics, Detective was originally an anthology comic, Slams adventures continued despite Batmans debut in #27, through World War II and beyond, finally ending in Detective Comics #152. The feature was replaced by Roy Raymond, TV Detective, Bradley would not make another significant appearance for over 32 years and his sidekick Morgan disappeared completely. Slams first appearance after his run in Detective Comics ended in 1949 was in Detective Comics #500, Bradley assisted in The Too Many Cooks. Caper. about a fellow retiring detectives murder, the story featured other DC detectives, such as Jason Bard, Pow-Wow Smith, Roy Raymond, TV detective, the Human Target, and Mysto, Magician detective. This story established him and his previous adventures in DCs Earth-One continuity due to his interactions with characters of that world. Slam returned in Detective Comics #572, teaming up with Batman, Robin, Elongated Man and this was his first story in Post-Crisis continuity. He later appeared in the Superman titles in the 1990s, working for the Metropolis Police Department, however, this incarnation of the character was short-lived. In that story, Bradley teamed up with versions of Bat Lash. Originally, Slam was slated to appear, but another editor had plans for Slam, hence, his heretofore unknown brother Biff was substituted. At the end of the series, Biff sacrifices his life to stop the villainous Vandal Savage, Bradley investigates the death of Selina Kyle and in the process runs afoul of the Batman
32.
Superboy
–
Superboy is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. These characters have featured in five Superboy comic book series. The first, and arguably best-known, Superboy was simply Superman as a boy, acting as a superhero in Smallville, where Kal-El lives under his secret identity, Clark Kent. The character was featured in series from the 1940s until the 1980s, with long runs appearing in Adventure Comics. He developed a mythos and supporting cast of his own, including foster parents Ma and Pa Kent, love interest Lana Lang, and time traveling allies the Legion of Super-Heroes. In the last few years, some features of Superboys history. In 1993, DC introduced a modernized Superboy, a clone of both Superman and Lex Luthor, also known by his Kryptonian name Kon-El and his secret identity as Clarks cousin Conner Kent. This Superboy was featured in his own series, Superboy, from 1994 until 2002 and he was featured in DCs relaunch of Adventure Comics and got his own series again in November 2010, which ran until August 2011. A revised version of Kon-El, complete with a new origin and this Superboy made his Smallville debut on Friday, March 4,2011 in the episode Scion. In this episode, Conner is a made up of both Lex Luthor and Clark Kents DNA, and has several of Supermans powers. Superboy is also featured in the animated series Young Justice, due to DC Comics’ complex Multiverse, several other Superboys have appeared over time with the most notable, being the mentally unstable Superboy-Prime, a parallel world version of Kal-El. In 2016, a new Superboy, Jonathan Samuel Kent, was introduced by DC Comics, unlike previous versions, this Superboy is the son of Superman and Lois Lane. The original pitch for a Superboy character was made by Jerry Siegel in November 1938, the idea was turned down by Detective Comics, Inc. and the publisher again rejected a second, more detailed pitch by Siegel two years later. Siegels conception of Superboy was that of a prankster, and editor Mort Weisinger felt this would have cheapened Supermans image. Superboy first appeared in More Fun Comics No.101, though Joe Shuster supplied the art, the Superboy feature was published without the input or approval of Jerry Siegel, who was serving in World War II. This fact increased an already-growing rift between the publisher and Siegel and Shuster, in early 1946, Superboy moved to Adventure Comics, where he debuted in issue No.103 as the lead feature for the anthology comic, and he remained the headlining feature for over 200 issues. Stories in Adventure Comics treat Superboy as essentially a version of Superman. To that end, he wears the Superman costume and his alter ego Clark Kent wears glasses as a disguise for his civilian identity, Superboy is the superhero of Clarks hometown of Smallville and grows up under the guidance of his foster parents, Ma and Pa Kent
33.
Bouncing Boy
–
Bouncing Boy is a fictional comic book superhero appearing in publications by DC Comics, usually as a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. Born on Earth as Chuck Taine, Bouncing Boy has the power to inflate like a giant ball and this combination of invulnerability and velocity makes him a surprisingly useful combatant. Born without any powers, he received his abilities by accidentally drinking a super-plastic formula he believed was a soda, Bouncing Boy is known for sharing a long-term romantic relationship with fellow Legionnaire Triplicate Girl of the planet Cargg, whom he eventually marries. In Reboot Legion continuity, Chuck Taine is the Legions mechanic, Bouncing Boy was created by Jerry Siegel and Jim Mooney and first appeared in Action Comics #276. Bouncing Boy was born on Earth with no powers and he received his ability to inflate when he accidentally drank a super plastic formula which he thought was soda pop. He first appeared in Action Comics #276 and he married fellow Legionnaire Duo Damsel in Superboy #200 and then left active service as a Legionnaire to become a Legion reservist, appearing only sporadically thereafter until Zero Hour. During his period as a reservist, he and Duo Damsel were in charge of training recruits for the Legions Academy, in the Post-Zero Hour continuity, Chuck was identified as Charles Foster Taine and acted as the Legions resident architect and engineer. He did not possess bouncing powers in this continuity and was only a member of the Legion. As a maintenance man, he built a specialty vehicle called the Bouncing Boy which acted as a bouncing juggernaut. He has yet to appear in the Threeboot version of the Legion, the Post-Infinite Crisis version of Bouncing Boy appeared in Final Crisis, Legion of 3 Worlds. While working for a scientist on 30th Century Earth, Chuck Taine accidentally drank an experimental super-plastic fluid while watching a sports event, the fluid drastically altered his body, giving him the power to inflate into a spongy round shape that could bounce and ricochet without harm. Accidentally interfering with the event, he quickly made his exit. Chuck tried out twice for the team and was rejected both times, after defeating an electrical villain because he was not grounded, Chuck took the name Bouncing Boy and was finally invited to join the Legion of Super-Heroes. His good humor and charming personality eventually led him to himself the Legion Morale Officer. Bouncing Boy was created by Jerry Siegel and Jim Mooney, Bouncing Boys addition to the Legion of Super-Heroes reflected Siegels interest in comedy and provided a vehicle for humor. Bouncing Boy once lost his powers while bouncing in front of a matter-shrinking machine, however, he regained his powers again temporarily when the Legion faced Computo for the first time, and one of Triplicate Girls bodies was killed. His powers left him again for a period of time but were restored once more by Dr. Zan Orbal of Evillos Devils Dozen. Bouncing Boy became a teacher at the Legion Academy, and had a victory against The Hunter
34.
Brainiac 5
–
Brainiac 5 is a fictional character who exists in the 30th and 31st centuries of the DC Universe. He is a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. Brainiac 5 is from the planet Colu and he first appeared in name in Action Comics #276. Brainiac 5 is a green-skinned, blond-haired teenage native of the planet Colu and he wished to join the Legion as atonement for his great-great-grandfathers misdeeds. Another of Brainiac 5s creations had less beneficial effects, the super computer Computo and he successfully destroyed his creation with an anti-matter force, but this highlighted one of his major flaws, a habit of initiating projects without considering the dangers. A much later example was his transformation of fellow scientist Professor Jaxon Rugarth into the psychotic, as time went on, Brainiac 5 began to be portrayed as unstable. Long attracted to Supergirl, Brainiac 5 created a duplicate of her in his sleep. A few years the Legion encountered Pulsar Stargrave, a villain who convinced Brainiac 5 that he was the Coluans long-lost father, Brainiac 5 joined Stargrave to battle the sorcerer Mordru, but the androids influence would haunt him long after that. It was claimed in Superboy #225 that Stargrave was actually the original Brainiac android, when Stargrave murders Ultra Boys ex-girlfriend An Ryd, Brainiac 5 frames Ultra Boy for the murder. He is stopped by Matter-Eater Lad, who eats the machine, Brainiac 5 eventually recovers his sanity and rejoins the group. Shortly afterward, however, he is accused of having murdered Ultra Boys ex-girlfriend himself, to prove his innocence, he finds Stargrave and defeats him. He later manages to cure Matter-Eater Lads insanity, around this time, he corrects another of his mistakes by finding a way of controlling Computo. Brainiac 5 enters a state of deep melancholy upon the anniversary of Supergirls death However, as the Crisis eliminated Supergirl from existence. Beyond this, however, Brainiac 5s history was unaffected by the Crisis. Following the death of the pocket universe Superboy, Brainiac 5 is one of a number of Legionnaires who swear revenge on the Time Trapper, to this end, he recreated the Infinite Man. The Infinite Man and Time Trapper seemingly destroy each other, and he rejoins in Legion of Super-Heroes #63, shortly before the Five Year Gap. Soon after the start of Legion a retcon removed the Superman family of characters almost completely from Legion continuity, Supergirl was replaced by Laurel Gand, a Daxamite descendant of Lar Gands brother. Unlike Supergirl, she was a native of the 30th century, Brainiac 5 and Laurel did have a relationship, but the couple eventually separated and she became the common law wife of Rond Vidar
35.
Cosmic King
–
Cosmic King is a fictional supervillain published by DC Comics. He debuted in Superman #147, and was created by Jerry Siegel, Cosmic King was born Laevar Bolto on the planet Venus. He was an alchemist who spent his life trying to invent a ray that could change an objects atomic structure into that of another and he was finally successful when he was able to transform a flower into a sparkling jewel. After accidentally falling in front of the ray himself, he found that he possessed the ability innately. When he approached the Venus government officials with his discovery he was informed that his power of transmuting chemical elements was considered evil and he is sometimes depicted as wearing a breathing device. During the Absolute Power arc of the Superman/Batman series, Cosmic King returned to create a universe in which he. He uses his powers to kill Joe Chill by magnetizing the bullets, most of the other JLA members are killed. In this world, the Worlds Finest were the enforcers of their parents will. When things started to spiral out of control and Bruce was killed, when things were changed to normal with Superman, but not with Batman, the Legion joined Ras al Ghul to take over the world. In the end, the world was restored and he was taken to the 31st century, Cosmic King was among the villains in Superman-Primes Legion of Super-Villains. DCU Guide - Cosmic King bio DCU Guide - Legion of Super Villains bio
36.
Luornu Durgo
–
Triplicate Girl is a fictional character, a superhero in the 30th and 31st centuries of the DC Comics Universe and a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes. She has also had the aliases Duo Damsel, Triad, Una, Duplicate Damsel, Luornu Durgo, codenamed Triplicate Girl, first appeared in Action Comics #276, written by Jerry Siegel. A native of the planet Cargg, she could split into three bodies, as could all Carggites, due to the planet Cargg having three suns. Her costume consisted of a dress, orange cape and belt. She was the hero to join the Legion of Super-Heroes. Unlike her post-Zero Hour counterpart, Triad, she had brown eyes, for a long time, she had an unrequited crush on Superboy. One of her three bodies was killed by Brainiac 5s killer creation Computo The Conqueror early on, and she was known as Duo Damsel. Her surviving two bodies continued to remember the trauma of experiencing her/their death, with the result that Computo was the one villain whom Duo Damsel was too frightened to confront. Duo Damsel later donned a unique orange, half purple costume which could divide with her, leaving one body wearing an orange costume. The costume was designed to aid her in a mission on the planet Pasnic. Duo Damsel left active Legion service to become a reservist after marrying fellow Legionnaire Bouncing Boy in Superboy #200, in later years of the first Legion continuity she served as an instructor at the Legion Academy along with her husband. She suffered the death of one of her two remaining bodies battling the Time Trapper after she took part in a conspiracy to avenge the death of Superboy and it was revealed that Luornus second body was still alive. This body, and the ability to duplicate herself, were restored to her and this new ability was transferred to her by a special force field belt given to her by Brainiac 5 to protect her after the supposed death of her second body. During the Five Year Gap following the Magic Wars, Earth fell under the control of the Dominators. A few years later, the members of the Dominators highly classified Batch SW6 escaped captivity, originally, Batch SW6 appeared to be a group of teenage Legionnaire clones, created from samples apparently taken just prior to Ferro Lads death at the hands of the Sun-Eater. Later, they were revealed to be duplicates, every bit as legitimate as their older counterparts. After Earth was destroyed in a reminiscent of the destruction of Krypton over a millennium earlier. The SW6 Legionnaires remained, and their version of Triplicate Girl assumed the code name Triad, after the events of the Zero Hour mini-series in 1994, the Legions original continuity ended and their story began again from scratch
37.
Reep Daggle
–
Chameleon Boy, also known as Chameleon, is a DC Comics superhero, a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. He first appeared in Action Comics #267 and he has orange skin, pointed ears and antennae, and has no hair in his usual humanoid form, although both his name and usual shape were forced on him by Earthgovs immigrations officers. In pre-Zero Hour continuity, he was the son of Legion financer R. J. Brande, and a female Durlan named Zhay Reep did not learn that Brande was his father for many years. Reep and his twin sibling Liggt were raised by their maternal aunt Ji, until he and his brother were forced to battle to the death for the Durlan Right of Survival, which Reep won. Growing into his teens, Reep began to understand that Durlans with their protean abilities generally were not trusted and were otherwise ill-treated among humans, Reep decided that he should counter this attitude by providing a positive example of his species as a superhero. To do so, he applied for membership in the Legion, Chameleon Boy was also an exceptional detective, his deductive prowess coupled with his shapeshifting abilities led to his being named the permanent head of the Legions Espionage Squad. Chameleon Boy was sentenced to incarceration on the prison world Takron-Galtos for his activities against the Khunds. He was released after his heroics against rogue Daxamite Ol-Vir in the Great Darkness Saga, following the dissolution of the Legion after volume 3, bored by running Brande Industries, Cham became the primary force behind the reassembly of the Legion in volume 4. During the Five Year Gap following the Magic Wars, Earth fell under the control of the Dominators. A few years later, the members of the Dominators highly classified Batch SW6 escaped captivity, originally, Batch SW6 appeared to be a group of teenage Legionnaire clones, created from samples apparently taken just prior to Ferro Lads death at the hands of the Sun-Eater. Later, they were revealed to be duplicates, every bit as legitimate as their older counterparts. However, this version of Chameleon Boy was killed in battle fighting Dominion troops, post-Zero Hour, Reep was known simply as Chameleon and was not related to R. J. Brande. This time, he was the son of Durlas spiritual leader, during his first year of service with the Legion, his father and many of Durlas priesthood were slaughtered by the Composite Man, a mutant Durlan able to copy innate abilities as well as appearance. The Durlan people would attempt to get Reep to assume his fathers position. Originally he did not speak Interlac and Invisible Kid had to translate, after learning the language, he feigned continued difficulty as a part of a sting operation against President Chu, organized by Invisible Kids Espionage Squad. Once this was completed, he abandoned the ruse and he was the secret admirer of Spark, and they later began a relationship. He also maintained close friendships with Invisible Kid, Leviathan and Sensor, in the 2005 reimagining/reboot of the Legion, the character was still referred to as Chameleon, but is now portrayed as a completely androgynous humanoid. He is still a detective and proficient not only in Interlac
38.
Saturn Queen
–
Saturn Queen is a fictional comic book character owned by DC Comics. She debuted in Superman #147, and was created by Jerry Siegel, like Saturn Queen they have a complex set of urges to do good or evil that are hard to control, but the Amazon regime on Transformation Island seems to work on them. A disproportionate number are also redheads, and about half are blond, similar shifts from the heroic to the villainous side, doubts about controlling others, urge to self-sacrifice or suddenly shift sides to the good, all appear in Saturn Queen stories. Rehabilitation, regret, redemption, restorative justice and nurturing/training heroes also seem to be explored therein, Saturn Queen is a beautiful redhead from the planet Saturn from the thirty-first century, and like Saturn Girl she is a telepath from Saturns moon Titan. She debuted alongside her villainous compatriots in the Legion of Super-Villains, a confident and aloof personality, she deems her motives for evil as just something she happened to pick up. Her career as a villain took a turn for infamy when she and her associates formed an alliance with Lex Luthor to kill Superman, the adult Legion of Super-Heroes appeared to battle the Villains, and when Luthor threatened to kill Superman Saturn Woman offered to die in his place. Superman asked to be released so he could give a tribute to her and it was revealed that Saturns rings gave off energies that prevented criminal traits. Superman formed a ring from Saturnian ring fragments, causing Saturn Queen to defeat Cosmic King, Lightning Lord. A fragment of the rings is given to her to make her remain good, Superman says future law courts should be lenient on her. Superman, having been exposed to Red Kryptonite, dreams of Saturn Queen, in the dream, Superman is made to fight his cousin Supergirl to the death or watch as they destroy Earth. While they are only dreams, it has been hinted that Saturn Queen could have been the one to induce these images. During the Absolute Power arc, Saturn Queen returned to create a universe in which she and her associates Lightning Lord. Other Justice League members were killed before the League was formed, for example, in this world, the Worlds Finest were the personal enforcers of their parents will. Of all those who tampered with time, she was the one who seemed concerned that what they had done may have had irreversible consequences. Having been a mother to the young Bruce and Clark for many years caused her to become attached to this created world. When the two try and restore history, but Batman kills his parents murderer, Ras al Ghul takes over the world aided by the Legion. In the end the world was restored, and she disappeared again. Motherhood made Saturn Queen long for the comfort that came with having a child, having last been seen in the Absolute Power arc of Superman/Batman, Saturn Queen returns in the Kandor arc of the new Supergirl series
39.
Magazine Enterprises
–
Not to be confused with the same-name Scottish company that published science fiction magazines from at least 1946 to 1960. Magazine Enterprises was an American comic book company lasting from 1943 to 1958, which published primarily Western, humor, crime, adventure and it was founded by Vin Sullivan, an editor at Columbia Comics and before that the editor at National Allied Publications, the future DC Comics. The duo had decamped to Magazine Enterprises after leaving National Allied and suing to regain the rights to Superman and their later creation, Superboy. Siegel and Shuster brought most of their studios artists with them, except for 1950s Superman penciler Wayne Boring, and created the new character Funnyman, both as a comic book and as a comic strip, however, the character failed to find an audience. Magazine Enterprises best-known character may be Ghost Rider, a horror-themed Western avenger created by writer Ray Krank, after the trademark lapsed, Ayers and others adapted it as Marvel Comics non-horror but otherwise near-identical Western character Ghost Rider in 1967. The Avenger was one of the few traditional, costumed superheroes created during the period before superheroes revival in what historians and fans call the Silver Age of Comics. Additionally, Little Miss Sunbeam Comics starred the blond, pig-tailed mascot of Sunbeam Bread, since the copyright to Magazine Enterprises comics do not appear to have been renewed, they evidently fell into the public domain in accordance with copyright laws at the time. Beginning in the 1980s, AC Comics issued reprint titles of Magazine Enterprises material, as well, AC revived the Avenger as a guest star in FemForce #19, then creating a new series. Ghost Rider reprints appeared in 1999 with the renamed the Haunted Horseman. k. a. k. a. Space Ace Pride of the Yankees The Avenger Funnyman Strong Man The American Air Forces United States Marines Badmen of the West, archived from the original on July 16,2011. Archived from the original on December 26,2004
40.
Vin Sullivan
–
Vincent Vin Sullivan was a pioneering American comic book editor, artist and publisher. In addition, Sullivan drew the cover of Detective Comics. After leaving National in 1940, Sullivan was hired by the McNaught Newspaper Syndicate to form a new book publishing house. This became the Columbia Comic Corporation, where Sullivan launched the superhero omnibus Big Shot Comics, publishing early work by Gardner Fox, Creig Flessel, Columbia Comics several superhero features included Skyman. Unhappy with the reluctance of the owners to more original series, Sullivan left Columbia in 1943. This company lasted until 1958, after which Sullivan left comics, Sullivan was a guest at the August 1998 Comic-Con International in San Diego, California, where he was reunited with some of his former colleagues. WBAI, transcript published in Alter Ego vol
41.
Plantman
–
Plantman is the name of two supervillains in Marvel Comics. The Samuel Smithers version of Plantman first appeared in Strange Tales vol.1 #113 and was created by Stan Lee, Jerry Siegel, the Paul version of Plantman first appeared in Astonishing Ant-Man #7 and was created by Nick Spencer and Ramon Rosanas. Growing up as a poor London orphan, Samuel Smithers found refuge, after the botanists death, Smithers traveled to the United States, hoping to pick up where his mentor left off — inventing a device capable of communicating with plants. Smithers was laughed out of the community and could only find work as a gardener. However, a lightning storm struck Smithers plant ray-gun allowing it to control. With his Vege-ray and a disguise as the Plantman, Smithers wanted revenge on his former employers but was stopped by Human Torch, Plantman does another attempt at revenge, this time on the Human Torch which ended with Plantman ending up arrested. He broke out, however, and traveled to the southwestern United States to grow more plants, here he had partial control, but was also sensitive to the plants whims. When at one point he thought he had killed Tony Stark, he decided to go directly for world domination, count Nefaria broke the Plantman and several others out of prison to serve him as his lieutenants to help bolster his prominence in the Maggia crime family. To this end, the Plantman, the Eel, Unicorn, Porcupine, and Scarecrow captured the X-Men in an extortion attempt, at least the Plantman managed to pilfer technology from the Maggia before his escape. He used this to create a monstrous Leviathan out of animated seaweed to terrorize London and it was stopped by Namor and Triton of the Inhumans, but Plantman managed to escape. The Plantman has often used plant simuloids to create duplicates of himself for mercenary endeavors, one of the first known activities of his simuloids was to join his former allies and the original Viper in a crime wave under the command of the Cowled Commander. Another time, a simuloid kidnapped wealthy businessman Kyle Richmond for ransom, but Nighthawks allies in the Defenders helped rescue him, spider-Man and the Falcon discovered an exotic plant-breeding nursery where they encountered and defeated the caretaking Plantman-simuloid. Another Plantman-simuloids scheme to rob a bank was thwarted by two Micronauts, next with an army of 1,000 plant simulacra, the true Plantman captured the President of the United States by taking over an American military base. He attempted to take over S. H. I. E. L. D, the Avengers rescued the President, despite the Plantmans army and contending with a 100-foot tall Tree-Man and the Plantmans escape. Hawkeye and the Orb stumbled upon Plantmans mobile plant-growing factory and he expelled them, during the Acts of Vengeance storyline, Plantman joined with a group of villains to attack the Fantastic Four. Soon after he tries an attack on the Avengers, who are visiting a construction site. He is defeated by the employees who fear the battle might destroy their hard work. During Smithers subsequent prison sentence in Seagate Federal Penitentiary, he was contacted telepathically by Mentallo, Mentallo was still capable of using his powers and he used them to orchestrate a break-out of his fellow prisoners, which included the hero Hawkeye and Headlok
42.
Human Torch (android)
–
The Human Torch, also known as Jim Hammond, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-artist Carl Burgos, he first appeared in Marvel Comics #1, published by Marvels predecessor, the Human Torch was actually an android created by scientist Phineas Horton. He possessed the ability to surround himself with fire and control flames, in his earliest appearances, he was portrayed as a science fiction monstrosity, but quickly became a hero and adapted a secret identity as a police officer for New York City Police Department. The Human Torch was one of Timely Comics three signature characters, along with Captain America and Namor the Sub-Mariner, like many superheroes, the Human Torch fell into obscurity by the 1950s. In 1961, Stan Lee and Jack Kirby renovated his name and powers into a new character, Johnny Storm, a member of the Fantastic Four. Unlike Captain America and the Sub-Mariner, the original Human Torch has had only a small presence in the post-1950s Marvel comic books and is associated with the Golden Age. In 2012, Hammond was ranked 28th in IGNs list of The Top 50 Avengers, following his debut in the hit Marvel Comics #1, the Human Torch proved popular enough that he soon became one of the first superheroes to headline a solo title. Marvel Mystery Comics ended its run with #92, and The Human Torch with #35, the solo title The Human Torch returned for issues #36-38 before again being canceled. The Torch also appeared in stories in the briefly revived Captain America Comics and Sub-Mariner Comics, the original Human Torch debuted in present-day Marvel Comics continuity in Fantastic Four Annual #4. Human Torch appeared as a character in the 2010-2013 Secret Avengers series. Starting in 2014, the Human Torch began appearing as a character in the Marvel NOW. relaunch of The Invaders. The Human Torch was a created by Professor Phineas T. Horton in his lab in Brooklyn. At a press-conference unveiling, however, Hortons creation burst into flames when exposed to oxygen, the android showed human-like sentience, personality, and awareness, but the spectators feared that he posed a safety threat. Public outcry led to the Torch being sealed in concrete, though he escaped due to a crack that let oxygen seep in, the Torch later first encountered and battled Namor the Sub-Mariner. He would join other heroes as war broke out in Europe, in his solo titles debut issue, he acquired a young partner, Thomas Toro Raymond, the mutant son of two nuclear scientists whose exposure to radiation gave him the ability to control fire. The Human Torch also joined the New York City police force as part of his human cover under the name James Jim Hammond and he would later drop the human name and serve the police force outright as the Human Torch, fighting villains and his off-and-on foe, the Sub-Mariner. Both the Torch and the Sub-Mariner joined with Captain America and his partner Bucky as the core of the team the Invaders. With the Invaders, he was brainwashed by the Red Skull
43.
Strange Tales
–
Strange Tales is a Marvel Comics anthology series title that appeared and was revived in different forms on multiple occasions throughout the companys history. Two previous, unrelated magazines also bore that title, the Marvel Comics series ran 168 issues, cover-dated June 1951 to May 1968. It began as an anthology from the companys 1950s precursor. The comic changed again with the return of industry stalwart Jack Kirby, starting with #68, Strange Tales was revamped to reflect the then-current trend of science fiction drive-in movie monsters. Some characters introduced here in standalone, anthological stories were later retconned into Marvel Universe continuity, in Strange Tales #75, a huge robot called the Hulk appeared. It was actually worn by the character Albert Poole. In modern-day reprints the characters name is changed to Grutan, prototypes of the Spider-Man supporting characters Aunt May and Uncle Ben appeared in a short story in Strange Tales #97. The anthology switched to superheroes during the Silver Age of Comic Books, retaining the sci-fi, suspense, Strange Tales first superhero, in 12- to 14-page stories, was the Fantastic Fours Human Torch, Johnny Storm, beginning in #101. Supporting characters included Johnnys girlfriend, Doris Evans, usually only in consternation as Johnny cheerfully flew off to battle bad guys. The Fantastic Four made occasional appearances, and the Thing became a co-star with #123. Strange Tales Annual #2 featured the first team-up of Spider-Man and the Human Torch, the title became a split book with the introduction of sorcerer Doctor Strange, by Lee and artist Steve Ditko. This 9- to 10-page feature debuted in #110, and after an additional story, Ditkos surrealistic mystical landscapes and increasingly head-trippy visuals helped make the feature a favorite of college students, according to Lee himself. Adversaries for the new hero included Baron Mordo introduced in issue #111, clea, who would become a longtime love interest for Doctor Strange, was also introduced in issue #126. Depicted as a majestic silhouette whose outlines are filled with the cosmos and it was a groundbreaking creation long before such cosmic conceits were commonplace. Issue #146 marked Ditkos final bow on the series, bill Everett succeeded him through #152, followed by Marie Severin. Another cosmic entity, the powerful the Living Tribunal, was introduced during Severins run. Dan Adkins took over penciling duties from #161 to the final issue, the Human Torch and Thing had already been replaced in #135 by Nick Fury, a superspy in keeping with the concurrent James Bond/The Man from U. N. C. L. E. Marvels all-purpose terrorist organization HYDRA was introduced here as well, the feature Nick Fury, Agent of S. H. I. E. L. D
44.
X-Men
–
The X-Men is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 and they are among the most recognizable and successful intellectual properties of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games. The X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities, the X-Men fight for peace and equality between normal humans and mutants in a world where antimutant bigotry is fierce and widespread. They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X and their archenemy is Magneto, a powerful mutant with the ability to generate and control magnetic fields. Professor X and Magneto have opposing views and philosophies regarding the relationship between mutants and humans, Professor X is the founder of Xaviers School for Gifted Youngsters at a location commonly called the X-Mansion, which recruits mutants from around the world. Located in Westchester County, New York, the X-Mansion is the home and training site of the X-Men. The founding five members of the X-Men who appear in The X-Men #1 are Angel, Beast, Cyclops, Iceman, since then, dozens of mutants from various countries and diverse backgrounds have held membership as X-Men. In 2004, Stan Lee recalled, I couldnt have everybody bitten by a spider or exposed to a gamma ray explosion. And I took the way out. I said to myself, Why dont I just say theyre mutants, in a 1987 interview, Jack Kirby said, The X-Men, I did the natural thing there. What would you do with mutants who were just plain boys and girls, so I gave them a teacher, Professor X. Of course, it was the thing to do, instead of disorienting or alienating people who were different from us, I made the X-Men part of the human race. Possibly, radiation, if it is beneficial, may create mutants that’ll save us instead of doing us harm. I felt that if we train the mutants our way, they’ll help us - and not only help us, and so, we could all live together. Lee devised the title after Marvel publisher Martin Goodman turned down the initial name, The Mutants. Within the Marvel Universe, the X-Men are widely regarded to have named after Professor Xavier himself. Xavier however claims that the name X-Men was never chosen as a tribute to himself, the name is also linked to the X-Gene, an unknown gene that causes the mutant evolution. The original explanation for the name, as provided by Xavier in The X-Men #1, is that mutants possess an extra power, one which ordinary humans do not
45.
Warren Worthington III
–
Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in The X-Men #1. Angel is a member of a subspecies of humans known as mutants and he originally possesses a pair of large feathered wings extending from his back, enabling him to fly. He is the heir to a corporation called Worthington Industries. This privileged background results in Warren being stereotyped as a self-absorbed playboy during his years with the X-Men. This personality was replaced with a more introspective and brooding personality in the late 1980s. One of the original X-Men, Archangel has had a frequent presence in X-Men-related comic books throughout the years and he appeared occasionally in X-Men animated series and video games. Ben Foster played the role of Angel in the 2006 film X-Men, The Last Stand and Ben Hardy portrays him in the 2016 film X-Men, the character was created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-creator Jack Kirby and first appeared in X-Men #1 as Angel. He appeared as a character in that title until it was cancelled with issue #66. The title was revived shortly after, reprinting earlier issues from issue #67 to #93, in 1970 and 1971, a three-part Angel solo feature was published as a back-up strip in Ka-Zar #2 and #3 and Marvel Tales #30. Angel appeared in the X-Men revamp by Len Wein and Dave Cockrum in 1975 with the introduction of the All-New, All-Different X-Men, Angel and fellow X-Men Iceman were transitioned into a new series called The Champions, which ran from 1975–1978. The series was written by writer Tony Isabella, and was conceived as a showcase for both former X-Men characters. Angel returned to the X-Men briefly in Uncanny X-Men #134, officially returning to the roster in issue #138 before once again leaving in issue #148, Angel would stay with the title, as the groups leader, for the books last three years of publication. The series was canceled in 1986 to free up Angel and his fellow X-Men to star in X-Factor, Angel remained in the book until issue #70, which was the last issue before the book was revamped with an all-new roster. During X-Factor #16–24, the character is presumed dead after losing his wings, Angel was dramatically revamped as a character, given a new costume, blue skin, and metallic wings which could fire blades. He first appeared as Archangel in X-Factor #24, Angel was added to the cast of the Uncanny X-Men title and appeared in that series and its companion series X-Men for most of the 1990s. In 1996, Marvel also published a one-shot story simply called Archangel and he also appeared alongside Psylocke in a limited series called Psylocke & Archangel, Crimson Dawn. From 1999 to 2001, Angel also featured in the series X-Men, The Hidden Years, under Joe Casey and Chuck Austen, Angel became leader of the X-Men team that appeared in the pages of Uncanny X-Men. After Chris Claremont replaced Austen on that title, the character went away for months before reappearing in the pages of another Claremont-written series
