1.
Cloquet, Minnesota
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Cloquet is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States, located at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 33. A portion of the city lies within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, the population was 12,124 at the 2010 census. Cloquet began as a group of settlements around three sawmills, Shaw Town, Nelson Town, and Johnson Town. These later became known as Knife Falls after a waterfall over sharp slate rocks. The area was platted in 1883 and the village of Cloquet was incorporated from the three settlements in 1884 and it became a city with a mayor and city council in 1904. The word Cloquet first appeared on a map of the area by Joseph N. Nicollet in 1843 which named the Cloquet River, a tributary of the Saint Louis River, and the Cloquet Rapids to the north. Cloquet is a French surname but historians researching the name of the river and city have no definitive answer. One of these is that the river might have named after 19th century French scientists. The area was the site of the 1918 Cloquet Fire, which destroyed much of the town, Cloquet is famed in American economic history because before and after WWII it was home of the strongest consumers cooperative of the country. The Cloquet Coöperative Society operated two stores which handled food, hardware, shoes, dry goods, and furniture. Other cooperative services included a supply store, a coal yard, a mortuary, an auto repair shop. In 1939, the co-op did 35% of the business in the town, by the mid-1950s, the consumer society had a membership of 4,262 out of a population of 8,500. This was a record, given the fact that the total business of all American co-ops combined represented only 0. 5% of the economy. The Finnish cooperative groups of the also had an influence on the American cooperative movement in general. Cloquet is home to the R. W. Lindholm Service Station, the gas station designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 35.97 square miles. Cloquet is located along the Saint Louis River,20 miles southwest of the city of Duluth, Cloquet has a Humid continental climate typical of its location in northern Minnesota, with warm summers and long, cold winters. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,124 people,4,959 households, the population density was 344.4 inhabitants per square mile
2.
Mikhail Baryshnikov
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Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov, nicknamed Misha, is a Soviet and American dancer, choreographer, and actor. He is often cited alongside Vaslav Nijinsky, Rudolf Nureyev and Vladimir Vasiliev as one of the greatest ballet dancers in history, after a promising start in the Mariinsky Ballet in Leningrad, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in western dance. After freelancing with many companies, he joined the New York City Ballet as a dancer to learn George Balanchines style of movement. He then danced with the American Ballet Theatre, where he became artistic director. Mikhail Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance, premiering dozens of new works. His success as an actor on stage, cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer. In 1977, he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and he also had a significant role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City and starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines. Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga, then Latvian SSR, Soviet Union and his parents were Russians, Alexandra and Nikolay Baryshnikov. Baryshnikov began his studies in Riga in 1960, at the age of 11. In 1964, he entered the Vaganova School, in what was then in Leningrad, Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition. He joined the Mariinsky Ballet, which was called the Kirov Ballet, in 1967. Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle, while still in the Soviet Union, he was called by New York Times critic Clive Barnes the most perfect dancer I have ever seen. On June 29,1974, while on tour in Canada with the Mariinsky Ballet, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected, requesting asylum in Toronto. He also announced to the world he would not go back to the USSR. He later stated that Christina Berlin, an American friend of his and his first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide. He then went on to the United States, in December 1975, he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena. From 1974 to 1978, Mikhail Baryshnikov was a dancer with the American Ballet Theatre. Mikhail Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979
3.
Sam Shepard
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Samuel Shepard Rogers III, known professionally as Sam Shepard, is an American playwright, actor, author, screenwriter, and director, whose body of work spans over half a century. He is the author of plays as well as several books of short stories, essays. Shepard received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1979 for his play Buried Child and he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of pilot Chuck Yeager in The Right Stuff. Shepard received the PEN/Laura Pels International Foundation for Theater Award as a master American dramatist in 2009, New York described him as the greatest American playwright of his generation. Shepards plays are known for their bleak, poetic, often surrealist elements, black humor. His style has evolved over the years, from the absurdism of his early Off-Off-Broadway work to the realism of Buried Child, Shepard was born November 5,1943, in Fort Sheridan, Illinois. He was named Samuel Shepard Rogers III after his father, Samuel Shepard Rogers, Jr. but his nickname was Steve Rogers. His father was a teacher and farmer who served in the United States Army Air Forces as a pilot during World War II, Shepard has characterized him as a drinking man. His mother, Jane Elaine, was a teacher and a native of Chicago, Shepard worked on a ranch as a teenager. Shepard soon dropped out to join a repertory group, the Bishops Company. At this time Samuel Steve Rogers adopted the professional name Sam Shepard, although his plays would go on to be staged at several Off-Off-Broadway venues, he was most closely connected with Cooks Theatre Genesis, housed at St. Marks Church in-the-Bowery in Manhattans East Village, several of Shepards early plays, including Red Cross and La Turista, were directed by Jacques Levy. A habitué of the Chelsea Hotel scene of the era, he contributed to Kenneth Tynans ribald Oh. Calcutta. and drummed sporadically from 1967 through 1971 with psychedelic folk band The Holy Modal Rounders, appearing on Indian War Whoop, Shepards early science fiction play The Unseen Hand would influence Richard OBriens stage musical The Rocky Horror Show. Shepards Cowboy Mouth – a collaboration with his then-lover Patti Smith – was staged at The American Place Theater in April 1971, providing early exposure for the future punk rock singer. The story and characters were inspired by their relationship, and after opening night, he abandoned the production. He wrote plays out of his house and served for a semester as Regents Professor of Drama at the University of California and his diary of the tour was published by Penguin Books in 1978. A decade later, Dylan and Shepard co-wrote the 11-minute Brownsville Girl, included on Dylans Knocked Out Loaded album, in 1975, he was named playwright-in-residence at the Magic Theatre, where he created many of his notable works, including his Family Trilogy
4.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
5.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
6.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
7.
Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
8.
Dorian Awards
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The Dorian Awards are an annual endeavor organized by the Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association. GALECA is an association of professional journalists and critics covering film and television for print, online. As of January 2017, GALECA counted over 170 members in its ranks, the Dorian Awards are given to the groups choices for the finest in film and television accessible in the U. S. across a variety of categories, from general to LGBTQ-centric. The event is held several weeks after the winners are announced, as with other critics circles, GALECA has no entry process for its awards per se, though the organization has its nomination requirements. Considered films must have had at minimum a limited release of one week during the given year. Documentary of the Year nominations can either be film, TV or DVD releases, GALECAs Dorian Award certificate includes GALECAs trademark black bow tie. The Dorian Award is named in honor of the writer Oscar Wilde, to commemorate the 2015 film and TV awards season, GALECA revealed its first Ten Best list, The Ten Best Movies About the Academy Awards. Included were such films as The Oscar, California Suite, For Your Consideration, more recently, the groups lists include the Ten Best LGBTQ Movies Every Straight Person Should See and Ten Best Actresses of All Time. James Franco, recipient of GALECAs special Wilde Artist of the Year award in 2013, the first Dorian Awards, for 2009 productions, were announced in January 2010. GALECAs Dorian Award nominees and winners for 2010 productions were announced in January 2011, following suit, 2011s Dorian Award nominees and ultimate honorees were revealed in January 2012. The Dorian nominees and winners for 2012 productions were announced in January 2013, and so on
9.
Entertainment Weekly
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Entertainment Weekly is an American magazine, published by Time Inc. that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture. Different from celebrity-focused publications like Us Weekly, People, and In Touch Weekly, EW primarily concentrates on entertainment media news, however, unlike Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, which are aimed at industry insiders, EW targets a more general audience. The first issue was published on February 16,1990, the cover price was $1.95 The title word entertainment was not capitalized on the cover until mid-1992 and has remained so since. By 2003, the weekly circulation averaged 1.7 million copies per week. In March 2006, managing editor Rick Tetzeli oversaw an overhaul of EWs graphics, Entertainment Weekly follows a typical magazine format by featuring a letters to the editor and table of contents in the first few pages, while also featuring advertisements. While many advertisements are unrelated to the entertainment industry, the majority of ads are typically related to up-and-coming television and these beginning articles open the magazine and as a rule focus on current events in pop culture. First Look, subtitled An early peek at some of Hollywoods coolest projects, is a spread with behind-the-scenes or publicity stills of upcoming movies. The Hit List, written each week by critic Scott Brown, highlights ten major events, Typically, there will be some continuity to the commentaries. This column was written by Jim Mullen and featured twenty events each week. The Hollywood Insider is a section that reports breaking news in entertainment. It gives details, in the columns, on the most-current news in television, movie. The Style Report is a section devoted to celebrity style. Because its focus is on celebrity fashion or lifestyle, it is rich in nature. Recently, the converted to a new format, five pictures of celebrity fashions for the week. A spin-off section, Style Hunter, which finds reader-requested articles of clothing or accessories that have appeared in pop culture recently, appears frequently. The Monitor is a two-page spread devoted to events in celebrity lives with small paragraphs highlighting events such as weddings, illnesses, arrests, court appearances. Deaths of major celebrities are typically detailed in a one-half- or full-page obituary titled Legacy and this feature is nearly identical to sister publication Peoples Passages feature. Harris column focuses on analyzing current popular-culture events, and is generally the most serious of the columns, harris has written about the writers strike and the 2008 presidential election, among other topics
10.
Dino De Laurentiis
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Agostino Dino De Laurentiis was an Italian film producer. Along with Carlo Ponti, he was one of the producers who brought Italian cinema to the scene at the end of World War II. He produced or co-produced more than 500 films, of which 38 were nominated for Academy Awards and he also had a brief acting career in the late 1930s and early 1940s. He was born at Torre Annunziata in the province of Naples and he started his studies at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome in the years 1937–1938 then interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War. Following his first movie, Lultimo Combattimento, Laurentiis produced nearly 150 films during the seven decades. In 1946 his company, the Dino de Laurentiis Cinematografica, moved into production, in the early years, De Laurentiis produced Italian neorealist films such as Bitter Rice and the Fellini classics La Strada and Nights of Cabiria, often in collaboration with producer Carlo Ponti. In the 1960s, Laurentiis built his own studio facilities, although these financially collapsed during the 1970s, De Laurentiis relocated to the US in 1976, and became an American citizen in 1986. In the 1980s he had his own studio, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, based in Wilmington, the building of the studio made Wilmington a center of film and television production. De Laurentiis also made several adaptations of Stephen Kings works, including The Dead Zone, Cats Eye, Silver Bullet, De Laurentiiss company was involved with the horror sequels Halloween II, Evil Dead II and Army of Darkness. De Laurentiis also produced the first Hannibal Lecter film, Manhunter and he passed on adapting the novels sequel, The Silence of the Lambs, but produced the two follow-ups, Hannibal and Red Dragon, a re-adaptation of the novel. He also produced the prequel Hannibal Rising, which tells the story of how Hannibal becomes a serial killer, in the 1980s, de Laurentiis owned and operated DDL Foodshow, a specialty retailer with two gourmet Italian markets in New York City and Los Angeles. His brief first marriage in Italy was annulled, De Laurentiis and Mangano divorced in 1988, she died in 1989. In 1990, he married Martha Schumacher, who produced many of his films since 1985, one of his grandchildren is Giada De Laurentiis, host of Everyday Italian, Behind the Bash, Giada at Home, and Giadas Weekend Getaways on Food Network. He was the brother of Luigi De Laurentiis, who became a film producer after Dino did, and uncle of Aurelio De Laurentiis, also a producer. In 1958, he won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film for producing La Strada, in 2001, he received the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 2012, he received the America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation, De Laurentiis died on 10 November 2010 at his residence in Beverly Hills at the age of 91. Dino De Laurentiis Company Official site Dino De Laurentiis at Find a Grave Dino De Laurentiis at the Internet Movie Database Who Was Dino De Laurentiis, – image slideshow by Life magazine
11.
King Kong (1976 film)
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King Kong is a 1976 American monster film produced by Dino De Laurentiis and directed by John Guillermin. It is a remake of the 1933 classic film of the same name. Featuring special effects by Carlo Rambaldi, it stars Jeff Bridges, Charles Grodin, the remakes screenplay was written by Lorenzo Semple Jr. based on the 1933 screenplay by James Ashmore Creelman and Ruth Rose, from the original idea by Merian C. Cooper and Edgar Wallace. It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, and was nominated for Best Cinematography. It is the only King Kong film to feature the World Trade Center instead of the Empire State Building, a sequel titled King Kong Lives was released in 1986. Fred Wilson, an executive of the Petrox Oil Company, forms an expedition based on infrared imagery which reveals a previously undiscovered Indian Ocean island hidden by a permanent cloud bank. Wilson believes that the island holds vast untapped deposits of oil, unknown to Wilson or the crew, Jack Prescott, a primate paleontologist who wants to see the island for himself, has stowed away on the expeditions vessel, the Petrox Explorer. Prescott reveals himself when he warns the crew that the bank may be caused by some unknown. Wilson orders Prescott locked up, believing him to be a spy from a rival oil company. While being escorted to lock-up, Prescott spots a life raft which, upon inspection, is found to be carrying the beautiful, when she does regain consciousness, Dwan states that she is an aspiring actress who was aboard a directors yacht, which suddenly and inexplicably exploded. When the Petrox Explorer arrives at the island, the team discovers a primitive tribe of natives who live within the confines of a gigantic wall. The tribal chief shows an immediate interest in the blonde Dwan, offering to several of the native women for her. The team then learn that while the island does indeed contain large deposits of oil, later that night, the natives secretly board the ship and kidnap Dwan, drugging her and offering her as a sacrifice to a giant ape known as Kong. Kong frees Dwan from the stronghold and retreats into the depths of the island, after Dwan falls into mud, Kong takes her back to a waterfall to wash her and dry her with great gusts of his warm breath. In the meantime, Jack and First Mate Carnahan lead several crew members on a mission to save Dwan. The search party encounters Kong while crossing a log bridge, enraged by the intrusion into his territory, Kong rolls the huge log, sending Carnahan and all but one of the team plummeting to their deaths. Jack and Boan are the ones to survive. While Boan returns to the village, Jack presses on looking for Dwan, Kong takes Dwan to his lair
12.
King Kong (1933 film)
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King Kong is a 1933 American pre-Code monster adventure film directed and produced by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. The screenplay by James Ashmore Creelman and Ruth Rose was from an idea conceived by Cooper and it stars Fay Wray, Bruce Cabot and Robert Armstrong, and opened in New York City on March 2,1933, to rave reviews. It has been ranked by Rotten Tomatoes as the greatest horror film of all time, the film tells of a gigantic, prehistoric, island-dwelling ape called Kong who dies in an attempt to possess a beautiful young woman. King Kong is especially noted for its stop-motion animation by Willis OBrien, in 1991 it was deemed culturally, historically and aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. It has been remade twice, in 1976 and 2005, while a reboot, Kong, due to set sail that night, Denham searches the streets of New York for a suitable woman. He meets penniless Ann Darrow and convinces her to him for what he proposes as the adventure of a lifetime. The Venture quickly gets underway and, during the voyage, the surly first mate, Jack Driscoll, after weeks of secrecy, Denham finally tells Englehorn and Driscoll that their destination is Skull Island, an uncharted land shown on a map in Denhams possession. Denham also cryptically alludes to some monstrous creature rumored to dwell on the island, when they find the island and anchor offshore, they see a native village, separated from the rest of the island by an enormous ancient stone wall. A landing party, including the crew and Ann, witnesses a group of natives preparing to sacrifice a young maiden as the bride of Kong. The intruders are spotted and the native chief angrily stops the ceremony, when he sees the blonde Ann, he offers to trade six of his tribal women for the golden woman. They rebuff him and return to the Venture and that night, a band of natives kidnap Ann from the ship and lead her through a huge wooden gate in the wall. Tied to an altar, she is offered to Kong, who turns out to be an enormous gorilla-like ape, Kong carries her off into the jungle as the Venture crew, alerted to Anns abduction, arrive. They open the gate and Denham, Driscoll and some enter the jungle in hopes of rescuing Ann. They soon discover that Kong is far from the giant prehistoric creature on the island when they are charged by a Stegosaurus. After constructing a raft in order to cross a swamp, a Brontosaurus capsizes their supplies, fleeing through the jungle, they soon encounter Kong, who tries to stop them from crossing a ravine by shaking them off a fallen tree that bridges it. Only Driscoll and Denham, on sides, survive. A Tyrannosaurus threatens Ann, but Kong kills it after a colossal battle, Driscoll continues to shadow Kong and Ann while Denham returns to the village for more ammunition. Upon arriving in Kongs lair in a cave, Ann is menaced by a snake-like Elasmosaurus
13.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
14.
Soap opera
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A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term soap opera originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past, the first serial considered to be a soap opera was Painted Dreams, which debuted on October 20,1930 on Chicago radio station WGN. The first nationally broadcast radio soap opera was Clara, Lu, and Em, a crucial element that defines the soap opera is the open-ended serial nature of the narrative, with stories spanning several episodes. One of the features that makes a television program a soap opera. While Spanish language telenovelas are sometimes called soap operas, telenovelas have conflicts that get resolved, but with soap operas each episode ends with a promise that the storyline is to be continued in another episode. You spend more time even with the characters, the apparent villains grow less apparently villainous. Soap opera storylines run concurrently, intersect and lead into further developments, each episode may feature some of the shows current storylines, but not always all of them. Soap operas rarely bring all the current storylines to a conclusion at the same time, when one storyline ends, there are several other story threads at differing stages of development. Soap opera episodes typically end on some sort of cliffhanger, evening soap operas and those that air at a rate of one episode per week are more likely to feature the entire cast in each episode, and to represent all current storylines in each episode. Evening soap operas and serials that run for only part of the year tend to bring things to a dramatic end-of-season cliffhanger, the article explained that at that time, many prime time series lost money, while daytime serials earned profits several times more than their production costs. Fitting in with these characteristics, most soap operas follow the lives of a group of characters who live or work in a particular place, the storylines follow the day-to-day activities and personal relationships of these characters. These elements may be found across the gamut of soap operas, Due to the prominence of English-language television, most soap-operas are completely English. In many soap operas, in particular daytime serials in the US, Soap operas from the United Kingdom and Australia tend to focus on more everyday characters and situations, and are frequently set in working class environments. Many of the soaps produced in two countries explore social realist storylines such as family discord, marriage breakdown or financial problems. This diverges from US soap operas where such comedy is rare, UK soap operas frequently make a claim to presenting reality or purport to have a realistic style. Romance, secret relationships, extramarital affairs, and genuine hate have been the basis for many soap opera storylines, in US daytime serials, the most popular soap opera characters, and the most popular storylines, often involved a romance of the sort presented in paperback romance novels. Crimes such as kidnapping, rape, and even murder may go unpunished if the perpetrator is to be retained in the ongoing story, Australian and UK soap operas also feature a significant proportion of romance storylines. In Russia, most popular serials explore the romantic quality of criminal and/or oligarch life, in soap opera storylines, previously unknown children, siblings and twins of established characters often emerge to upset and reinvigorate the set of relationships examined by the series
15.
Tootsie
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The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job. The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart, Barry Levinson, Elaine May and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart, Michael Dorsey is a respected but perfectionist actor. Nobody in New York wants to him anymore because he is difficult to work with. In desperation, and as a result of his agent telling him no one will hire you, he dresses as a woman, auditions as Dorothy Michaels. Michael takes the job as a way to raise $8,000 to produce a play, written by his roommate Jeff Slater and to star Sandy, titled Return to Love Canal. Michael plays his character as a feisty, feminist administrator, which surprises the other actors and his character quickly becomes a television sensation. When Sandy catches Michael in her bedroom half undressed, he covers up by professing he wants to have sex with her and they have sex despite his better judgment about her self-esteem issues. Michael believes Sandy is too fragile to handle the truth about him winning the part. Their relationship, combined with his deception, complicates his now-busy schedule, exacerbating matters further, he is attracted to one of his co-stars, Julie Nichols, a single mother in an unhealthy relationship with the shows amoral, sexist director, Ron Carlisle. At a party, when Michael approaches Julie with a line that she had previously told Dorothy she would be receptive towards. Meanwhile, Dorothy has her own admirers to contend with, older cast member John Van Horn, John apologizes for intruding and leaves. The tipping point comes when, due to Dorothys popularity, the producers want to extend her contract for another year. Michael finds a way to extricate himself. Sandy and Les, who are all watching at home, react with the level of shock as the cast. The one exception is Jeff, who was aware of his roommates dual role and remarks, the revelation allows everybody a more-or-less graceful way out. Julie, however, is so outraged that she slugs him in the stomach in front of the cast once the cameras have stopped rolling before storming off, some weeks later, Michael is moving forward with producing Jeffs play. He awkwardly makes peace with Les in a bar, and Les shows tentative support for Michaels attraction to Julie, later, Michael waits for Julie outside the studio. Julie resists talking but finally admits she misses Dorothy, Michael confesses, I was a better man with you as a woman than I ever was with a woman as a man
16.
Frances Farmer
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Frances Elena Farmer was an American actress and television host. She is perhaps known for sensationalized accounts of her life. Farmer began her career as an actress, performing stock theater in New York City. After signing a contract with Paramount Pictures, Farmer appeared in Exclusive, World Premiere, in 1942, publicity of Farmers reportedly erratic behavior began to surface, and after several arrests and committals to psychiatric institutions, Farmer was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. At the request of her family, esp. mother, she was relocated from Los Angeles to an institution in her state of Washington. Farmer attempted a comeback, mainly appearing as a television host in Indianapolis on her own series, Frances Farmer Presents. Her final film role was in the 1958 drama The Party Crashers, Farmer died of esophageal cancer in 1970, at the age of 56. Farmers tumultuous life and career led to her being the subject of two films, one special, three books, and numerous songs and magazine articles. Farmer was born on September 19,1913 in Seattle, Washington, the daughter of Lillian, an operator and dietician and Ernest Melvin Farmer. Farmer was the youngest of four children, she had two sisters, and one older brother. At age four, Farmers parents separated, and her mother relocated with the children from their home in North Seattle to Los Angeles, two years later, Farmer and her siblings were sent back to Seattle to live with their father. Her mother returned to Seattle the following year, and the family shared a house, although Lillian, in the fall of 1929, when Frances was sixteen, Lillian and Ernest divorced, and Lillian relocated to a cottage in Bremerton, Washington. It was an attempt to reconcile her wish for, in her words. In her autobiography, she wrote that the essay was influenced by her reading of Friedrich Nietzsche, He expressed the same doubts, only he said it in German, Gott ist tot. I was not to assume there was no God, but I could find no evidence in my life that He existed or that He had ever shown any particular interest in me. I was not an atheist, but I was surely an agnostic, in 1931, Farmer enrolled at the University of Washington, and worked as usherette in a cinema, a waitress, a tutor, and in a factory to pay for her tuition. Farmer proceeded to study drama, and, during the 1930s, while a student at UW, Farmer starred in numerous plays, including Helen of Troy, Everyman, and Uncle Vanya. In late 1934, she starred in the UW production of Alien Corn, in 1935, Farmer won a subscription contest for the leftist newspaper, The Voice of Action
17.
Frances (film)
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Frances is a 1982 American biographical film starring Jessica Lange as actress Frances Farmer. Kim Stanley and Sam Shepard appeared in supporting roles, upon its release, the film was advertised as a purportedly true account of Farmers life but the script was largely fictional and sensationalized. In particular, the film depicts Farmer as having been lobotomized, born in Seattle, Washington, Frances Elena Farmer is a rebel from a young age, winning $100.00 in 1931 from The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards for a high school essay called God Dies. In 1935, she becomes controversial again when she wins a trip to the USSR to visit its Moscow Art Theatre. Determined to become an actress, Frances is equally determined not to play the Hollywood game, she refuses to acquiesce to publicity stunts, and insists upon appearing on screen without makeup. She marries her first husband, Dwanye Steele, despite being advised not to and her defiance attracts the attention of Broadway playwright Clifford Odets, who convinces Frances that her future rests with the Group Theatre. Her desperate attempts to restart her career upon returning to Hollywood results in being cast in unchallenging roles in forgettable B-films. In 1958, Frances is paid honor on Ralph Edwards This Is Your Life television program, when asked about alcoholism, illegal drugs and mental illness, Farmer denied them all and said, If a person is treated like a patient, they are apt to act like one. The end credits state that she moved to Indianapolis shortly afterwards, in pre-production, the producers reneged on their option to use the book as source material. Arnold filed a copyright infringement lawsuit but many of his fictional elements were incorporated into the final film. On the commentary of the DVD release, director Clifford stated, We didnt want to nickel, mel Brooks was executive producer of the film, but received no credit for his participation. Susan Blakely went on to portray Farmer in the 1983 CBS television film Will There Really Be a Morning, the original music score was composed by John Barry. According to Barry, his idea of carrying the theme using a harmonica was initially disliked by producers until they heard it fully orchestrated. Frances holds a 67% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 24 reviews, anthony Hopkins, after working with Jessica Lange on Titus has proclaimed that Langes performance as Frances Farmer is the best performance by any actress. Lange has ranked her performance as Frances Farmer as the greatest part she has played onscreen. Frances was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the film was also entered into the 13th Moscow International Film Festival where Lange won the award for Best Actress. Frances at the Internet Movie Database Frances at AllMovie Frances at Box Office Mojo Frances at Rotten Tomatoes
18.
Country (film)
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The film was written by William D. Wittliff and stars real-life couple Jessica Lange and Sam Shepard. The film was directed by Richard Pearce and was shot on location in Dunkerton and Readlyn Iowa, the film was Touchstone Pictures second production, the first being Splash. Lange, who also co-produced the film, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, president Ronald Reagan stated in his personal diary that this film was a blatant propaganda message against our agri programs. Some members of the U. S. Congress took the film so seriously that Jessica Lange was brought before a panel to testify as an expert about living on family farms. Commentator Rush Limbaugh points out that the testimony from Lange demonstrates that members of Congress have a difficult time distinguishing between stories portrayed in movies and reality. Country was one of three 1984 films, including The River and Places in the Heart, that dealt with the perspective of family farm life struggles. Gilbert Gil Ivy and his wife Jewell have worked Jewells family farm for years, however, low crop prices, pending FHA loans and a tornado all put pressure on the struggling family as they face hardship and the prospect of losing their home and livelihood. Jessica Lange as Jewell Ivy Sam Shepard as Gilbert Gil Ivy Wilford Brimley as Otis Matt Clark as Tom McMullen Therese Graham as Marlene Ivy Levi L
19.
Sweet Dreams (1985 film)
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Sweet Dreams is a 1985 American biographical film which tells the story of country music singer Patsy Cline. The film was written by Robert Getchell and directed by Karel Reisz and it stars Jessica Lange, Ed Harris, Ann Wedgeworth, David Clennon, James Staley, Gary Basaraba and John Goodman. The film was nominated for Academy Award for Best Actress, for all the musical sequences, Lange lip-synced to the original Patsy Cline recordings. The soundtrack of the name was released in September 1985. Patsy is married but is planning to divorce, after her divorce, Patsy and Charlie marry, and she is free to pursue music, and focus on raising their children. After Charlie gets drafted into the U. S. Army, Patsy focuses on singing more, however, Patsys success fuels her self-confidence, much to Charlies annoyance, and he becomes increasingly physically and emotionally abusive as Patsy attempts to assert her independence. Patsy was at the peak of her popularity as one of the first great stars of country music when she died in a plane crash on March 5,1963. For the scenes at an Army post, supposedly Fort Bragg, North Carolina, filming took place at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, other scenes were shot in Nashville, Tennessee, and Martinsburg, West Virginia. Many of the sequences depicted in the film are inaccurate, Patsy and they were on their way to pick up material for her mother, a seamstress, to make her new stage clothes. The car crash happened on June 14, not in the winter, Patsys husband, Charlie Dick, and their daughter, Julie, have both stated that Charlie had never hit Patsy in front of their daughter. Charlie has said that he had slapped Patsy only once for becoming hysterical Patsys relatives have said that Patsy is portrayed more as a victim than she really was and their fights were always interesting to watch because you always knew Patsy would win, claimed friend Dottie West. However, other family members insist that Patsy was very badly beaten, Patsys airplane crashed at 6,20 p. m. in a forest—not into a mountain cliff—near Camden, Tennessee. The plane crashed because of pilot disorientation during bad weather, not due to difficulties in restarting the engine after switching from an empty tank to a full one. Randy Hughes, who was not instrument-rated, became disoriented in the inclement weather, also, the plane crashed on the way to Nashville from Dyersburg, TN. They were on the way home from the show in Kansas City, the aircraft in the crash was a Piper Comanche, not a Cessna 172 Skyhawk, as in the film. Patsys mother, the late Hilda Hensely, once stated, They told me that they were going to make a love story, J. Meryl Streep wanted to play the part but was turned down by the director who hailed Langes performance as divine
20.
Music Box (film)
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Music Box is a 1989 American crime drama film that tells the story of a Hungarian-American immigrant who is accused of having been a war criminal. The plot revolves around his daughter, an attorney, who defends him, the film was written by Joe Eszterhas and directed by Costa-Gavras. It stars Jessica Lange, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Frederic Forrest, Donald Moffat, the film won the Golden Bear at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival. It is loosely based on the real case of John Demjanjuk and, as well. Eszterhas learned at age 45 that his father, Count István Esterházy, had concealed his wartime involvement in Hungarys Fascist, according to Eszterhas, his father, organized book burnings and had cranked out the vilest anti-Semitic propaganda imaginable. After this discovery, Eszterhas severed all contact with his father, never reconciling before Istváns death, Chicago defense attorney Anne Talbot learns that her father, Hungarian immigrant Michael J. Laszlo, is in danger of having his U. S. citizenship revoked. The reasons are that he accused of war crimes. He insists that it is a case of mistaken identity, against the advice of her former father-in-law, corporate attorney Harry Talbot, Anne resolves to defend her father in court. One of her reasons is how deeply her son, Mikey, according to prosecuting attorney Jack Burke of the Office of Special Investigations, Michael Laszlo is not, as he claims, a simple political refugee, regular churchgoer, and family man. Rather, he is Mishka, the commander of an Arrow Cross death squad. During the Siege of Budapest, Mishkas unit sadistically tortured and murdered scores of Hungarian Jews, Gypsies, to Anne, these allegations are absurd. The loving single father who raised her could not possibly have committed such crimes, preparing for her fathers denaturalization hearing in the midst of a media circus puts enormous stress on Anne. Heartbroken and sickened, Anne tells her father that her research into The Holocaust in Hungary has made her feel and her father lovingly replies, Youre American. Later, Jack Burke tells Anne that her father has no conscience, zero empathy, an enraged Anne replies by accusing Burke of murdering his recently deceased wife. Meanwhile, her fathers accounts reveal large payments to a fellow Hungarian immigrant named Tibor Zoldan and her father claims these were loans to help a destitute friend and which he was unable to repay before his death. As the hearing unfolds before a Jewish judge named Irwin Silver, all the witnesses identify Annes father as the man who tortured them. Equally damning is an Arrow Cross identification card that bears his photograph, an FBI agent initially confirms its authenticity. Her father claims that this is all a frame-up by Hungarys Communist Government and its secret police and he says that it is retaliation for his protest against the U. S. tour of a Hungarian ballet troupe several years earlier
21.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
22.
Blue Sky (film)
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Blue Sky is a 1994 American drama film and the last film by veteran filmmaker Tony Richardson. It was adapted by Rama Stagner, Arlene Sarner and Jerry Leichtling and it stars Tommy Lee Jones, Jessica Lange, Powers Boothe, Carrie Snodgress, Amy Locane, Galynn Duggan, and Chris ODonnell. The original music score was composed by Jack Nitzsche, despite this, it won critical praise and Lange won the 1994 Academy Award for Best Actress, along with the Golden Globe Award and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association award. The film is based on Rama Stagner-Blums real life and the relationship between her parents, Clyde and Gloria Lee Moore-Stagner during the 1960s while her father was in the army and they later divorced and Gloria remarried before dying in 1982. In 1962, Hank Marshall and his wife, Carly, are having problems because of the pressures of his job. He is an engineer who favors underground nuclear testing and is at odds with his superiors over the wisdom of above-ground. She is a spirit who appears to be mentally unbalanced. Her behavior is, to say the least, embarrassing for him and his reactions to this behavior are among the most interesting aspects of the film. Their move from Hawaii to a base in Alabama alarms their oldest daughter, Alex. Johnson in turn sends Hank to Nevada where he gets into trouble by discovering a nuclear coverup. Mike Anwalt Timothy Scott as Ned Owens Annie Ross as Lydia Anna Klemp as Becky Marshall Gary Bullock as Dr. Vankay Anthony Rene Jones as Helicopter Pilot Jay H, variety also noted, Jessica Lange makes the most of an opportunity at a full-blown star turn as Carly Marshall. In fact, Brigitte Bardot and Marilyn Monroe are about the other actresses one can imagine pulling off such a role as well as Lange has. Has the showy role, with almost unlimited opportunities to emote and strut her stuff, the New York Times noted, It is a lavish role for Ms. Lange, and she brings to it fierce emotions and tact. The Los Angeles Times also praised her performance, calling it striking and noting and its a great performance—probably her best. The Washington Post noted, Lange a plush, platinum star turn and she is what Carly imagines she might have become if only she hadnt been a military wife, mostly Monroe with a soupcon of Bardot. The New Yorker raved, calling her turn a stunning performance—perhaps the best of remarkable career
23.
Meryl Streep
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Mary Louise Meryl Streep is an American actress and philanthropist. Nominated for 20 Academy Awards, Streep has more nominations than any actor or actress. Streep has also received 30 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight—more nominations, Streep made her professional stage debut in Trelawny of the Wells in 1975, and in 1976 received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play for 27 Wagons Full of Cotton. She made her debut in the 1977 television film The Deadliest Season. In 1978, she won an Emmy Award for her role in the miniseries Holocaust and she went on to win Best Supporting Actress for Kramer vs. Kramer, and Best Actress for Sophies Choice and The Iron Lady. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts, in 2003, the government of France made her a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2017, Streep was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. Mary Louise Streep was born on June 22,1949, in Summit, New Jersey, the daughter of Mary Wolf Wilkinson, a commercial artist and art editor, the eldest child, she has two younger brothers, Dana David and Harry William III. Streeps father Harry was of German and Swiss ancestry and her fathers lineage traces back to Loffenau, Germany, from where her second great-grandfather, Gottfried Streeb, immigrated to the United States, and where one of her ancestors served as mayor. Another line of her fathers family was from Giswil, Switzerland and her mother had English, German, and Irish ancestry. Some of Streeps maternal ancestors lived in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island and were descended from 17th-century immigrants from England and her eighth great-grandfather, Lawrence Wilkinson, was one of the first Europeans to settle in Rhode Island. Streep is also a distant relative of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, Streeps maternal great-great-grandparents, Manus McFadden and Grace Strain, the namesake of Streeps second daughter, were natives of the Horn Head district of Dunfanaghy, Ireland. Streeps mother, whom she has compared in both appearance and manner to Dame Judi Dench, strongly encouraged her daughter and instilled confidence in her from a young age. Streep has said, She was a mentor because she said to me, Meryl and she was saying, You can do whatever you put your mind to. If youre lazy, youre not going to get it done, but if you put your mind to it, you can do anything. Although Streep was naturally more introverted than her mother, at times when she later needed an injection of confidence in adulthood, she would consult her mother, asking her for advice. Streep was raised as a Presbyterian in Basking Ridge, New Jersey and attended Cedar Hill Elementary School and the Oak Street School, in her Junior High debut, she starred as Lousie Heller in the play The Family Upstairs. In 1963 the family moved to Bernardsville, New Jersey, where she attended Bernards High School
24.
Cate Blanchett
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Catherine Elise Cate Blanchett is an Australian actress and theatre director. She has received acclaim and many accolades, including six AACTA Awards. In 2013, she starred as Jasmine Francis in Woody Allens Blue Jasmine, Blanchett is one of only six actors, and the only actress, to receive Academy Award nominations for portraying the same role in two films, accomplished in her case by portraying Queen Elizabeth I. She is additionally the only Australian to win two acting Oscars, a seven-time Oscar nominee, she has also received nominations for Notes on a Scandal, Elizabeth, The Golden Age, Im Not There and Carol. Blanchett has also had a career on stage and is a four-time Helpmann Award winner for Best Female Actor in a Play. From 2008 to 2013, she and her husband Andrew Upton were co-CEOs, Blanchett has been awarded the Centenary Medal for Service to Australian Society by the Australian government. She was appointed Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 2012, in 2015, she was honoured by the Museum of Modern Art and received the British Film Institute Fellowship in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the industry. Blanchett was born on 14 May 1969 in the Melbourne suburb of Ivanhoe and she is the middle of three children, her older brother is a computer systems engineer, and her younger sister is a theatrical designer. The two met when Blanchetts fathers ship broke down in Melbourne, when Blanchett was 10, her father died of a heart attack, leaving her mother to raise the family on her own. Blanchetts ancestry includes English, some Scottish, and remote French roots, Blanchett has described herself as being part extrovert, part wallflower during childhood. She had a penchant for dressing in traditionally masculine clothing, and went through goth and punk phases during her teenage years and she studied economics and fine arts at the University of Melbourne but dropped out after one year to travel overseas. While in Egypt, Blanchett was asked to play an American cheerleader, as an extra in the Egyptian boxing movie, Kaboria, in need of money, she accepted. Upon her return to Australia, she moved to Sydney and enrolled in the National Institute of Dramatic Art to pursue an acting career and she graduated from NIDA in 1992. Blanchetts first major role was opposite Geoffrey Rush, in the 1992 David Mamet play Oleanna for the Sydney Theatre Company. That year, she was also cast as Clytemnestra in a production of Sophocles’ Electra, a couple of weeks after rehearsals, the actress playing the title role pulled out, and director Lindy Davies cast Blanchett in the role. Her performance as Electra became one of her most acclaimed at NIDA, Blanchett played the role of Ophelia in an acclaimed 1994–95 Company B production of Hamlet directed by Neil Armfield, starring Rush and Richard Roxburgh, and was nominated for a Green Room Award. She appeared in the 1994 TV miniseries Heartland opposite Ernie Dingo, the miniseries Bordertown with Hugo Weaving and she also appeared in the 50-minute drama short Parklands, which received an Australian Film Institute nomination for Best Original Screenplay. Her first leading role was as Lucinda Leplastrier in Gillian Armstrongs romantic drama Oscar and Lucinda, Blanchett received wide acclaim for her performance, and earned her first AFI Award nomination as Best Leading Actress, she lost to Deborah Mailman in Radiance
25.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
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Jacqueline Lee Jackie Kennedy Onassis was the wife of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, and First Lady of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Bouvier was the daughter of Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Bouvier III. In 1951, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from George Washington University, in 1952, Bouvier met Congressman John F. Kennedy at a dinner party. In November of that year, he was elected as a United States Senator from Massachusetts, and they had four children, two of whom died in infancy. As First Lady, she was known for her highly publicized restoration of the White House and her emphasis on arts, on November 22,1963, she was riding with the President in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, when he was assassinated. She and her children withdrew from view after his funeral. Following her second death in 1975, she had a career as a book editor for the final two decades of her life. She is remembered for her contributions to the arts and preservation of historic architecture, as well as for her style, elegance. She was an icon, and her famous ensemble of pink Chanel suit. She ranks as one of the most popular First Ladies and in 1999 was named on Gallups list of Most Admired Men and Women in 20th-century America. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born on July 28,1929, at Southampton Hospital in Southampton, New York, to Wall Street stockbroker John Vernou Black Jack Bouvier III, Bouviers mother was of Irish descent, and her father had French, Scottish, and English ancestry. Named after her father, Bouvier was baptized at the Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in Manhattan and her younger sister Lee was born in 1933. Bouvier spent her childhood years in Manhattan and at Lasata. She idolized her father, who favored her over her sister. From an early age, Bouvier was an equestrienne and successfully competed in the sport. She also took lessons, was an avid reader, and excelled at learning languages. Bouvier enrolled in the Chapin School in Manhattan in 1935, which she attended for grades 1–6. She was a student but often misbehaved, one of her teachers described her as a darling child, the prettiest little girl, very clever, very artistic
26.
Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale
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Edith Ewing Bouvier Beale was an American socialite and amateur singer, known for her eccentric lifestyle. She was a sister of John Vernou Bouvier III and the aunt of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and her life and relationship with her daughter Edith Bouvier Beale were highlighted in the 1975 documentary Grey Gardens. She was the daughter of John Vernou Bouvier, Jr. and Maude Frances Sergeant, davis, and Michelle Caroline Bouvier Scott Putman. Beale enjoyed photography, theatrical arts, and as a youth considered becoming a surgeon from her interest in physiology, Beale pursued an amateur singing career and in 1917 married lawyer/financier Phelan Beale in a lavish ceremony at St. Patricks Cathedral, New York. The couple lived at 987 Madison Avenue and they had three children, daughter Edith, born November 7,1917, and two sons. In 1923, Phelan Beale purchased the 28-room Grey Gardens mansion at number 3 West End Rd in the Georgica neighborhood of East Hampton, the Beales separated in 1931 when Little Edie was 14, with Big Edie retaining the Grey Gardens house. Beale received child support, but no form of alimony and she continued to pursue her singing career, giving recitals in her home and at local functions. Her sons went off to college and World War II duty and had families of their own. When she showed up at her sons 1942 wedding dressed like a star, Edies father, Major Bouvier. Beale became depressed and gained weight and she also had several eye operations in the 1940s. In 1946, Phelan Beale notified her of their divorce via telegram from Mexico, Major Bouvier and her son Bouvier Buddy Beale urged Beale for many years to sell her white elephant Grey Gardens, but she refused. Beale had two male companions at various times at Grey Gardens, her accompanist George Gould Strong. In July 1952, her daughter Little Edie returned after five years in Manhattan to live permanently at Grey Gardens when Beale was age 57, in 1960, when Beale was 65, her niece Jacqueline Kennedy became First Lady. After a 1968 theft of antiques while Beale was at a party in East Hampton, in the 1970s, Jacqueline Onassiss sister Lee Radziwill discussed creating a documentary with Albert and David Maysles about her and Jacquelines childhood in East Hampton. At about the time, the Edies received national attention when the National Enquirer ran an exposé on the deplorable conditions in which they lived. The Suffolk County, New York, Board of Health made an inspection, ordering them to clean up the property, which was falling into disrepair and contained various cats, raccoons, an opossum, et cetera. After the publicity, Jacqueline Kennedy and Aristotle Onassis donated $32,000 to clean the house, install a new furnace and plumbing system, Beale did not have the funds for trash removal and house repairs. Beales sons agreed to pay the taxes on the property
27.
HBO
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Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
28.
Grey Gardens (2009 film)
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Grey Gardens is an HBO film about the lives of Edith Bouvier Beale/Little Edie, played by Drew Barrymore, and her mother Edith Ewing Bouvier/Big Edie, played by Jessica Lange. Co-stars include Jeanne Tripplehorn as Jacqueline Kennedy and Ken Howard as Phelan Beale, filming for the HBO film began on October 22,2007 in Toronto. It first aired on HBO on April 18,2009, the film won the 2009 Television Critics Association award for Outstanding Achievement Movies, Miniseries, and Specials. It was also nominated for 17 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning Outstanding Made for Television Movie, Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie and it was also nominated for 3 Golden Globe Awards, winning Best Made for Television Movie and Best Actress in a Made for Television Movie. Lange was also nominated in this category, the film is based on the life stories of the eccentric paternal aunt and first cousin of Jackie Kennedy, both named Edith Bouvier Beale. The elder Edith Bouvier Beale was the sister of Jackie Kennedys father John Vernou Bouvier III and was referred to as Big Edie, her daughter was referred to as Little Edie. The Beale women were members of NYC high society, but in their years, withdrew from the New York City life. The house eventually fell into a state of disrepair that gave the Beale women notoriety, Phelan Beale, eventually divorced Big Edie. In the movie, Little Edie decides to move to New York to pursue a career in acting, Little Edie sadly and slowly realizes her fate is to remain her mothers companion at Grey Gardens. The two women become reclusive and known around town as the highly eccentric proprietors of Grey Gardens, the movie ends with Little Edie singing Tea for Two at the Reno Sweeney cabaret in Greenwich Village, and the quote, My mother gave me a truly priceless life. He also interviewed members and friends including Lois Wright who lived in the house. Albert Maysles is credited as a source in the movie, sucsy said that the house facade as well as the interior were created from blueprints. Sucsy said that a shot of the house circa 1936 was historically accurate on the placement of the house in relation to other mansions in East Hampton at the time. As with many based on historical events, some events in the Beales lives, such as the timing of Big Edie. The entire film was shot in Ontario, with most of the shots in metropolitan Toronto, the Valley Halla Estate in Rouge Park was the setting of exterior shots of Grey Gardens. Waterfront shots were on Centre Island in the Toronto Islands, hotel shots were at the Fairmont Royal York. Studio work was done at Toronto Film Studios, the aerial shot of The Pierre was licensed from An Affair to Remember. Post-production was done in New York and Los Angeles, the DVD commentary was done in the same studio where the Maysles mixed the original documentary
29.
American Horror Story: Murder House
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American Horror Story, Murder House is the first season of the FX television series American Horror Story, aired between October 5,2011, through December 21,2011. The season was produced by 20th Century Fox Television, and the producers were Dante Di Loreto and series creators Brad Falchuk. It centers on the Harmon family, Dr. Ben Harmon, Vivien and their daughter Violet and they move into a restored mansion, unaware that the house is haunted by the ghosts of its former residents and their victims. The first season of American Horror Story received generally positive reviews from critics, the series drew consistently high ratings for the FX network, ending its first season as the biggest new cable series of the year. The season was nominated for various awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama. Characters from Murder House made appearances in the fifth season. Christine Estabrook returned as Marcy, the nosy realtor, matt Ross, who portrayed Dr. Charles Montgomery, appeared in the episode Room 33 and Sarah Paulson reprised her role as Billie Dean Howard in the season finale, Be Our Guest. On arrival, they learn from Marcy, the estate agent, that the previous owners of their new mansion. Their neighbor Constance and her daughter Addie become frequent, and mostly unwelcome, Addie seems to have a connection with the houses mysterious past. Larry Harvey, a resident of the house who has suffered from terrible burns, also begins inserting himself into the Harmons lives. The house also comes with Moira OHara, a housekeeper who appears young and seductive to men, Ben begins seeing patients out of his home office. One in particular, a possibly psychotic boy named Tate Langdon, takes interest in kindred spirit Violet. Ben is unaware that Tate is both a ghost and the son of Constance, as the family settles into the home, bizarre events begin to occur with increasing regularity. It is soon revealed that there have been upwards of 20 violent deaths in the home over the course of its history, the family struggles with their own personal tribulations, oblivious to the reality that their home is haunted by ghosts. While exploring the attic, Vivien discovers a latex bondage suit and she later is raped by a man wearing it, who she believes is Ben, but is actually Tate. Viviens rape results in the occurrence of becoming pregnant with twins by different fathers. It is later revealed that Tates motive in having sex with Vivien was to conceive a baby for Nora, Hayden comes from Boston and tries to blackmail Ben into abandoning Vivien, so they can start their relationship over, threatening to tell Vivien that shes pregnant with Bens baby. She is killed by Larry and buried by Ben in the house grounds, several ghosts in the house, including Hayden and Nora, conspire to drive Vivien mad so that they can raise the babies as their own
30.
American Horror Story: Coven
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American Horror Story, Coven is the third season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story. It premiered on October 9,2013, and concluded on January 29,2014, the season takes place in 2013, in New Orleans, and follows a Coven of Salem witches as they fight for survival. It also features flashbacks to the 1830s, 1910s, and 1970s, Returning cast members from the previous season of the series include, Robin Bartlett, Frances Conroy, Jessica Lange, Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, and Lily Rabe. Taissa Farmiga, Jamie Brewer, Denis OHare, and Alexandra Breckenridge also make their returns to the series, like its predecessors, Coven was met with both mostly positive reviews, and strong ratings, with the premiere episode attracting a series high of 5.54 million viewers. In addition, Coven was nominated for Best Miniseries or TV Film at the Golden Globes, the third season follows a Coven of Salem descendants who reside within Miss Robichauxs Academy in New Orleans. Zoe Benson is sent to the Academy after discovering her dark power, the Academy is run by headmistress Cordelia Foxx, who has always lived in the shadow of her mother, Fiona Goode. Fiona is the Covens Supreme, a witch born every generation who embodies specific gifts, the Academy is looked after by Spalding, a mute butler who has a mysterious relationship with Fiona. The Coven is assessed by the Council of Witchcraft, which includes Fionas old rival and Cordelias mother figure, at a party, Zoe meets fraternity president Kyle Spencer, who takes a liking to her. Madison is gang-raped by Kyles frat brothers and, as revenge, uses her power to flip their bus, killing Kyle, two of the boys survive and are placed in critical care. Zoe goes to the hospital and kills the remaining rapist with her power, to repay Zoe, Madison revives a dismembered Kyle by attaching his frat brothers severed limbs to his head and casting a resurrection spell, but he returns frightened and simple-minded. It is revealed that Kyles mother sexually abused him, making it hard for him to be trusting of physical touch and his revived corpse attracts Misty Day, a witch who resurrected herself after being burned at the stake. Meanwhile, Fiona is cursed with an untreatable cancer due to a new Supreme rising and she tries, in vain, to regain her youth and cure herself. Voodoo priestess and the Salem witches rival, Marie Laveau, has gained immortality by dealing with a voodoo spirit, Fiona frees Maries immortal prisoner, 19th-century slave killer Delphine LaLaurie, who becomes the Academys maid. She struggles to adjust to the world due to her inherent racism. Fiona believes Madison is the next Supreme and slits her throat, Zoe discovers Spaldings secrets and kills him, turning him into a ghost that haunts the Academy. Cordelia is blinded in an attack by witch hunters, one of whom is her husband. Myrtle is framed by Fiona, with Queenies help, and is burned at the stake, in 1919, witches of the Academy killed the notorious serial killer the Axeman, whose spirit has since been confined inside the Academys walls. He is freed when Zoe tries to contact the ghost of Madison via ouija board and he then begins a twisted romance with Fiona
31.
FX (TV channel)
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FX is an American basic cable and satellite television channel launched on June 1,1994, based in Los Angeles, California and owned by 21st Century Fox through FX Networks, LLC. FXs programming primarily includes original drama and comedy series, and reruns of theatrical films, as of July 2015, FX is available to approximately 94,006,000 pay television households in the United States. In addition to the flagship U. S. network, the FX name is licensed to a number of related pay television channels in various countries around the world, FX, originally stylized as fX, launched on June 1,1994. Broadcasting from an apartment in Manhattans Flatiron District, fX was one of the first forays into large-scale interactive television. FX had two taglines during this period, TV Made Fresh Daily and The Worlds First Living Television Network, the live shows were each mostly focused on one broad topic. Shows included Personal fX, The Pet Department, Under Scrutiny with Jane Wallace, other notable fX personalities included Karyn Bryant and Orlando Jones, who were panelists on Sound fX. The channel prided itself on its interactivity with viewers, FX, in 1994, was an early adopter of the internet, embracing e-mail and the World Wide Web as methods of feedback. Select viewers were allowed to spend a day at the apartment, the first incarnation of fX was not available on Time Warner Cable, one of the major cable systems in New York City, where its programming originated. TWC would not carry the channel until September 2001, the live shows gradually disappeared one by one until only Personal fX remained. Breakfast Time was moved to the Fox network and renamed Fox After Breakfast in mid-1996 and it underwent several format changes, but never found a substantial audience and was canceled less than a year later. By the time that all programming was dropped, the channel focused entirely on its classic television shows until its relaunch in mid-1997. Personal fX remained on the refocused FX until May 1,1998, FX vacated the apartment in the summer of 1998 and the channels operations were streamlined with the other Fox-owned cable channels. In early 1997, fX was relaunched as FX, Fox Gone Cable, during the first few years after its relaunch, FX was known for little else than airing reruns of such Fox shows as The X-Files and Married. With Children, as well as 20th Century Fox-produced shows such as M*A*S*H, the channel also added Major League Baseball games to its lineup at that time, and eventually expanded its sports programming to include NASCAR races in 2001. In the summer of 1998, FX debuted three original series, Bobcats Big Ass Show, Instant Comedy with the Groundlings and Penn & Tellers Sin City Spectacular, all three series were cancelled the following year. Soon after its relaunch, the Fox Gone Cable tagline was dropped, by 1999, new original programs were added with the debut of shows such as Son of the Beach and The X Show. Beginning in 2002, the channel emerged as a force in original cable programming, gaining both acclaim and notoriety for edgy dramas. That year, FX debuted the police drama The Shield, which became a breakout hit, both shows were lauded by critics, and achieved equal success with viewers
32.
American Horror Story
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American Horror Story is an American anthology horror television series created and produced by Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk. Some plot elements of season are loosely inspired by true events. The second season, subtitled Asylum, takes place in Massachusetts during the year 1964 and follows the stories of the patients and staff of an institution for the criminally insane. The third season, subtitled Coven, takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana, during the year 2013, the fourth season, subtitled Freak Show, takes place in Jupiter, Florida, during the year 1952 and centers around one of the few remaining American freak shows. The fifth season, subtitled Hotel, takes place in Los Angeles during the year 2015 and focuses on the staff and guests of a supernatural hotel. The sixth season, subtitled Roanoke, takes place in Roanoke, North Carolina, during the year 2016, the only actors to appear in all iterations of the show so far are Evan Peters, Sarah Paulson and Lily Rabe. The series is broadcast on the television channel FX in the United States. On November 10,2015, the show was renewed for a sixth season, on October 4,2016, the series was renewed for a seventh season. On January 12,2017, the series was renewed for an eighth and ninth season, additionally, Kathy Bates and Lady Gaga won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award, respectively, for their performances. The series draws consistently high ratings for the FX network, with its first season being the biggest new cable series of 2011. The Harmons move into a mansion and soon encounter the homes former residents. Ben and Vivien try to rekindle their relationship, as Violet, suffering from depression, the Langdons and Larry frequently influence the Harmons lives, as the family discovers that the home is haunted by the ghosts of anyone who has ever died on the property. The season is set in the modern day, with flashbacks to the 1920s, 1940s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s. The story takes place in 1964 and follows the patients, doctors, the wardens who run the institution include the stern Sister Jude, her protégé Sister Mary Eunice, and the founder of the institution, Monsignor Timothy Howard. The doctors charged with treating the patients at the asylum include psychiatrist Dr. Oliver Thredson, briarcliffs inhabitants are routinely subject to supernatural and scientific influences, including demonic possession and extraterrestrial abduction. The season primarily takes place throughout the 1960s with flashbacks to the 1940s, the story takes place in 2013 and follows the descendants of the witches who survived the Salem Witch Trials, who are nearly extinct and are in danger once again. Those who share this genetic affliction are being subjected to strange, a mysterious all-girls boarding school has opened in New Orleans to protect and house young women who carry this unique bloodline, and keep them from the dangers of the outside world. Fionas daughter, Cordelia, teaches at the school and welcomes its newest student, Zoe Benson, who harbors her own harrowing secret, other themes include witchcraft, voodoo, racism, death, and family, such as the relationships between mothers and daughters
33.
Drama Desk Award
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Broadway productions were excluded until the 1968–69 award season. The awards are considered a significant American theatre distinction and they debuted the presentations of the Vernon Rice Awards. The name honors the New York Post critic Vernon Rice, who had pioneered Off-Broadway coverage in the New York press, the name was changed for the 1963–1964 awards season to the Drama Desk Awards. In 1974, the Drama Desk became incorporated as a not-for-profit organization, in 1975, the Drama announcement of winners included the nominees as well. The Drama Desk has more than 100 members, including critics, reporters and editors who cover New York theater. Membership consists of two categories, Active membership and Participating Membership, all of the Drama Desk officers and Nominating Committee members perform their various services for the organization on a voluntary basis. The Nominating Committee generally meets twice a month to discuss the many eligible shows members are responsible for seeing and they then nominate the productions on which the entire membership will vote. What sets the organization apart is that the awards are voted on by people only without any vested interests in the results. Previous winners include Bernadette Peters, Dustin Hoffman, Al Pacino, over the last 36 years, the Drama Desk Awards have contributed to the ongoing success of major stars, playwrights and designers, while also identifying newcomers. The Drama Desk was the first New York theater organization to give awards to talents such as Edward Albee, Wendy Wasserstein, plays like Driving Miss Daisy, Other Peoples Money, Steel Magnolias, and The Boys in the Band built momentum with the help of Drama Desk wins. In 2010 William Wolf was announced as the President of Drama Desk, the current managing executive producer of the Drama Desk Awards is Gretchen Shugart, and the president of the Drama Desk is Charles Wright. David Barbour is chairperson of the nominating committee, in keeping with its original mission, the organization sponsors guest panel luncheons with theater professionals. Panels address topics of current interest, covering the season on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off-Broadway, with the aim of prompting informative and stimulating discussion
34.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
35.
Long Day's Journey into Night
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Long Days Journey into Night is a drama in four acts written by American playwright Eugene ONeill in 1941–42 but first published in 1956. The play is considered to be his magnum opus. The play premiered in Sweden in February 1956 and then opened on Broadway in November 1956, ONeill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work. Long Days Journey into Night is often regarded to be one of the finest American plays of the 20th century, the play concerns the Tyrone family – including parents James and Mary and their sons Edmund and Jamie. Mary is addicted to drugs and Edmund is ill with tuberculosis, the Long Day refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day. The play takes place on a day in August 1912. The setting is the seaside Connecticut home of the Tyrones Monte Cristo Cottage, the four main characters are the semi-autobiographical representations of ONeill himself, his older brother, and their parents. The pain of this family is made worse by their depth of self-understanding and self-analysis, combined with a brutal honesty, as they see it, and an ability to boldly express themselves. The story deals with the addiction to morphine, the family’s addiction to whiskey, the father’s miserliness, the older brother’s licentiousness. James Tyrone is a 65-year-old actor who had long ago bought a vehicle play for himself and had established his reputation based on this one role with which he had toured for years. Although that vehicle had served him well financially, he is now resentful that his having become so identified with this character has limited his scope and he is a wealthy though somewhat miserly man. His money is all tied up in property which he hangs on to in spite of impending financial hardship and his dress and appearance are showing signs of his strained financial circumstances, but he retains many of the mixed affectations of a classical actor in spite of his shabby attire. His wife Mary has recently returned from treatment for addiction and has put on weight as a result. She is looking much healthier than the family has been accustomed to, however, she still retains the haggard facial features of a long-time addict. As a recovering addict, she is restless and anxious and she also suffers from insomnia, which is not made any easier by her husband and childrens loud snoring. He questions her about it indirectly and she reassures him that she just went there to get away from her husbands snoring. In addition to Marys problems, the family is worried about Edmunds coughing, they fear that he might have tuberculosis, Edmund is more concerned about the effect a positive diagnosis might have on his mother than on himself. The constant possibility that she might relapse worries him still further, once again, he indirectly speaks to his mother about her addiction
36.
Photographer
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A photographer is a person who makes photographs. As in other arts, the definitions of amateur and professional are not entirely categorical, a professional photographer is likely to take photographs to make money, by salary or through the display, sale or use of those photographs. An amateur photographer may take photographs for pleasure and to record an event, emotion, place, as a person without a monetary motivation. A professional photographer may be an employee, for example of a newspaper, or may contract to cover a planned event such as a wedding or graduation. Others, including paparazzi and fine art photographers, are freelancers, first making a picture, some workers, such as crime scene detectives, estate agents, journalists and scientists, make photographs as part of other work. Photographers who produce moving rather than still pictures are often called cinematographers, videographers or camera operators, an amateur may make considerable sums entering work in contests for prize money or through occasional inclusion of their work in magazines or the archive of a photo agency. The term professional may also imply preparation, for example, by academic study, Photographers are also categorized based on the subjects they photograph. Some photographers explore subjects typical of such as landscape, still life. The exclusive right of photographers to copy and use their products is protected by copyright, countless industries purchase photographs for use in publications and on products. This is usually referred to as usage fee and is used to distinguish from production fees, an additional contract and royalty would apply for each additional use of the photograph. The contract may be for one year, or other duration. The photographer usually charges a royalty as well as a one-time fee, the contract may be for non-exclusive use of the photograph or for exclusive use of the photograph. The contract can also stipulate that the photographer is entitled to audit the company for determination of royalty payments. A royalty is also based on the size at which the photo will be used in a magazine or book. Photos taken by a photographer working on assignment are often work for hire belonging to the company or publication unless stipulated otherwise by contract. There are major companies who have maintained catalogues of stock photography and images for decades, such as Getty Images, commercial photographers may also promote their work to advertising and editorial art buyers via printed and online marketing vehicles. Many people upload their photographs to social networking websites and other websites and those interested in legal precision may explicitly release them to the public domain or under a free content license. Some sites, including Wikimedia Commons, are punctilious about licenses, the dictionary definition of photographer at Wiktionary Media related to Photographers at Wikimedia Commons
37.
Foster care
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Foster care is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home, or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a foster parent. The placement of the child is normally arranged through the government or a service agency. The institution, group home or foster parent is compensated for expenses, the vast majority of children who would otherwise need foster care are in kinship care, that is, in the care of grandparents or other relatives. Most kinship care is done informally, without the involvement of a court or public organization, however, in the U. S. formal kinship care is increasingly common. In 2012, a quarter of all children in foster care were placed with relatives. In Australia foster care was known as boarding-out, Foster care had its early stages in South Australia in 1866 and stretched to the second half of the 19th century. It is said that the system was run by women until the early 20th century. Then the control was centered in many state childrens departments, although boarding-out was also implemented by nongovernment child rescue organizations, many large institutions remained. These institutions assumed an importance from the late 1920s when the system went into decline. The system was re-energized in the era, and in the 1970s. The system is still the structure for out-of-home care. The system took care of local and foreign children. New baby adoption dropped dramatically from the mid-1970s, with the tolerance of. Foster care in Cambodia is relatively new as a practice within the government. However, despite a later start, the practice is currently making strides within the country. Most notably, the found that the percentage of children within orphanages that had parents approached 80%. At the same time, local NGOs like Children In Families began offering limited foster care services within the country and these actions lead to an increase in the number of NGOs providing foster care placements, and helped to set the course for care reform around the country. Foster children in Canada are known as permanent wards, a ward is someone, in this case a child, placed under protection of a legal guardian and are the legal responsibility of the government
38.
UNICEF
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The United Nations Childrens Fund is a United Nations programme headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group, the Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely regarded as the founder of UNICEF and served as its first chairman from 1946. On Rajchmans suggestion, the American Maurice Pate was appointed its first executive director, in 1950, UNICEFs mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women in developing countries everywhere. UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and private donors, UNICEFs total income for 2008 was US$3,372,540,239, governments contribute two-thirds of the organizations resources. Private groups and some six million individuals contribute the rest through national committees and it is estimated that 92 per cent of UNICEF revenue is distributed to programme services. UNICEFs programmes emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children, UNICEF was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006. Most of UNICEFs work is in the field, with staff in over 190 countries and territories, more than 200 country offices carry out UNICEFs mission through programmes developed with host governments. Seven regional offices provide technical assistance to country offices as needed, a 36-member executive board establishes policies, approves programmes and oversees administrative and financial plans. The executive board is made up of government representatives who are elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, there are national committees in 34 countries, each established as an independent local non-governmental organization. The national committees raise funds from the private sector, UNICEF is funded entirely by voluntary contributions, and the National Committees collectively raise around one-third of UNICEFs annual income. This comes through contributions from corporations, civil society organizations around six million individual donors worldwide, UNICEF is present in 191 countries and territories around the world, but not involved in nine others. Many people in developed countries first hear about UNICEFs work through the activities of one of the 36 National Committees for UNICEF, the US Fund for UNICEF is the oldest of the national committees, founded in 1947. On 19 April 2007, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg was appointed UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, in which role she has visited Brazil, China, and Burundi. In 2009, the British retailer Tesco used Change for Good as advertising and they went on to call on the public who have children’s welfare at heart, to consider carefully who they support when making consumer choices. As part of the agreement, FC Barcelona will wear the UNICEF logo on the front of their uniform and this was the first time a football club sponsored an organization rather than the other way around. It was also the first time in FC Barcelonas history that they have had another organizations name across the front of their uniform, in January 2007 UNICEF struck a partnership with Canadas national tent pegging team. The team was officially re-flagged as UNICEF Team Canada, its riders wear UNICEFs logo in competition, the Swedish club Hammarby IF followed the Spanish and Canadian lead on 14 April 2007, also raising funds for UNICEF and displaying the UNICEF name on their sportswear. The Danish football club Brøndby IF participated in an arrangement from 2008 to 2013
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