1.
God Bless America
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God Bless America is an American patriotic song written by Irving Berlin in 1918 and revised by him in 1938. The later version has notably recorded by Kate Smith, becoming her signature song. God Bless America takes the form of a prayer for Gods blessing and peace for the nation. Irving Berlin wrote the song in 1918 while serving the U. S. Army at Camp Upton in Yaphank, New York, the lyrics at that time included the line Make her victorious on land and foam, God bless America. As well as Stand beside her and guide her to the right with the light from above and he interprets this as an example of Berlins habit of interpolating bits of half-remembered songs into his own numbers. Berlin, born Israel Baline, had written several Jewish-themed novelty tunes. Berlin had made minor changes, by this time, to the right might have been considered a call to the political right. This was changed when Berlin published the music in March 1939. Woody Guthrie criticized the song, which he considered unrealistic and complacent, anti-Semitic groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also protested against the song due to its authorship by a Jewish immigrant. In 1943, Smiths rendition was featured in the patriotic musical This is the Army along with other Berlin songs, the manuscripts in the Library of Congress reveal the evolution of the song from victory to peace. Berlin gave the royalties of the song to The God Bless America Fund for redistribution to Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts in New York City. Smith performed the song on her two NBC television series in the 1950s and in her short-lived The Kate Smith Show on CBS, the song was used early in the Civil Rights Movement as well as at labor rallies. S. The Flyers even brought Smith in to live before Game 6 of the 1974 Stanley Cup Finals on May 19,1974. God Bless America was the campaign song for President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1940, as well as his Republican opponent. At that time, the song represented cultural and religious tolerance. C, on July 21,2011, Smiths version of the song was played as NASAs final wakeup call for the space shuttle Atlantis, capping the 30-year shuttle program. God Bless America has been performed at games of the National Hockey Leagues Philadelphia Flyers. At some Flyers home games, especially during big games and the playoffs, their main anthem singer,1 ranked anthemist in the NHL, Lauren Hart, as she sings God Bless America, accompanied by the great Kate Smith. At some Senators home games since 2000–01, if the team is from the U. S. their main anthem singer, Ontario Provincial Police Constable Lyndon Slewidge, has sung God Bless America
2.
Denver
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Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Colorado. Denver is in the South Platte River Valley on the edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile above sea level, making it the highest major city in the United States. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich, the reference for the Mountain Time Zone. Denver is ranked as a Beta- world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. With a 2015 estimated population of 682,545, Denver ranks as the 19th-most populous U. S. city, and with a 2. 8% increase in 2015, the city is also the fastest-growing major city in the United States. The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 2,814,330 and ranked as the 19th most populous U. S. metropolitan statistical area. The 12-city Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2015 population of 3,418,876, which ranks as the 16th most populous U. S. metropolitan area. Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor, Denver is the most populous city within a 500-mile radius and the second-most populous city in the Mountain West after Phoenix, Arizona. In 2016, Denver was named the best place to live in the USA by U. S. News & World Report and this was the first historical settlement in what was later to become the city of Denver. The site faded quickly, however, and by the summer of 1859 it was abandoned in favor of Auraria, Larimer named the townsite Denver City to curry favor with Kansas Territorial Governor James W. Denver. Larimer hoped the name would help make it the county seat of Arapaho County but, unbeknownst to him. The location was accessible to existing trails and was across the South Platte River from the site of seasonal encampments of the Cheyenne, the site of these first towns is now the site of Confluence Park near downtown Denver. Larimer, along with associates in the St. Charles City Land Company, sold parcels in the town to merchants and miners, Denver City was a frontier town, with an economy based on servicing local miners with gambling, saloons, livestock and goods trading. In the early years, land parcels were often traded for grubstakes or gambled away by miners in Auraria, in May 1859, Denver City residents donated 53 lots to the Leavenworth & Pikes Peak Express in order to secure the regions first overland wagon route. Offering daily service for passengers, mail, freight, and gold, in 1863, Western Union furthered Denvers dominance of the region by choosing the city for its regional terminus. The Colorado Territory was created on February 28,1861, Arapahoe County was formed on November 1,1861, Denver City served as the Arapahoe County Seat from 1861 until consolidation in 1902. In 1867, Denver City became the territorial capital, with its newfound importance, Denver City shortened its name to Denver
3.
Colorado
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Colorado is a state in the United States encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,540,545 on July 1,2016, the state was named for the Colorado River, which Spanish travelers named the Río Colorado for the ruddy silt the river carried from the mountains. The Territory of Colorado was organized on February 28,1861, Colorado is nicknamed the Centennial State because it became a state in the same year as the centennial of the United States Declaration of Independence. Colorado is noted for its landscape of mountains, forests, high plains, mesas, canyons, plateaus, rivers. Denver is the capital and the most populous city of Colorado, residents of the state are properly known as Coloradans, although the term Coloradoan has been used archaically and lives on in the title of Fort Collins newspaper, the Coloradoan. Colorado, Wyoming and Utah are the states which have boundaries defined solely by lines of latitude and longitude. The summit of Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet elevation in Lake County is the highest point in Colorado, Colorado is the only U. S. state that lies entirely above 1,000 meters elevation. The point where the Arikaree River flows out of Yuma County, Colorado and this point, which holds the distinction of being the highest low elevation point of any state, is higher than the high elevation points of 18 states and the District of Columbia. A little less than one half of the area of Colorado is flat, East of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains of the High Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Nebraska at elevations ranging from roughly 3,350 to 7,500 feet. The Colorado plains were mostly prairies, but they have many patches of forests, buttes. Eastern Colorado is presently covered in farmland and rangeland, along with small farming villages. Precipitation is fair, averaging from 15 to 25 inches annually, corn, wheat, hay, soybeans, and oats are all typical crops, and most of the villages and towns in this region boast both a water tower and a grain elevator. Irrigation water is available from the South Platte, the Arkansas River, and a few other streams, however, heavy use of ground water from wells for irrigation has caused underground water reserves to decline. As well as agriculture, eastern Colorado hosts considerable livestock, such as cattle ranches. Roughly 70% of Colorados population resides along the edge of the Rocky Mountains in the Front Range Urban Corridor between Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Pueblo, Colorado. This region is protected from prevailing storms that blow in from the Pacific Ocean region by the high Rockies in the middle of Colorado. The Front Range includes Denver, Boulder, Fort Collins, Loveland, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Greeley and other townships, on the other side of the Rockies, the significant population centers in Western Colorado are the cities of Grand Junction, Durango, and Montrose
4.
Abilene, Texas
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Abilene is a city in Taylor and Jones counties in West Texas, United States. The population was 117,063 according to the 2010 census and it is the principal city of the Abilene Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2011 estimated population of 166,416. It is the county seat of Taylor County, Dyess Air Force Base is located on the west side of the city. Abilene is located off Interstate 20, between exits 279 on its edge and 292 on the east. Abilene is 150 miles west of Fort Worth, Texas, the city is looped by I-20 to the north, US 83/84 on the west, and Loop 322 to the east. A railroad divides the city down the center north and south. The historic downtown area is on the side of the railroad. Many developments have begun in these three areas within the last few years, established by cattlemen as a stock shipping point on the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1881, the city was named after Abilene, Kansas, the original endpoint for the Chisholm Trail. The T&P had bypassed the town of Buffalo Gap, the county seat at the time, eventually, a landowner north of Buffalo Gap, Clabe Merchant, known as the father of Abilene, chose the name for the new town. According to a Dallas newspaper, about 800 people had begun camping at the townsite. The town was out by Colonel J. Stoddard Johnson. By the end of the first day,139 lots were sold for a total of $23,810, and another 178 lots were sold the next day for $27,550. Abilene was incorporated soon after being founded in 1881, and Abilenians began to set their sights on bringing the county seat to Abilene, in 1888, the Progressive Committee was formed to attract businesses to the area, which later became the Board of Trade in 1890. By 1900,3,411 people lived in Abilene, and in that decade, however, this committee failed when the population only hit 9,204 in 1910. Replacing it was the Young Mens Booster Club, which became the Abilene Chamber of Commerce in 1914, the cornerstone was laid for the first of three future universities in Abilene, called Simmons College, in 1891, which later became Hardin-Simmons University. Childers Classical Institute followed in 1906, currently Abilene Christian University, in 1923, McMurry College was founded and later became McMurry University. Much more recently, Abilene succeeded in bringing Cisco Junior College and Texas State Technical College branches to Abilene, with the Cisco Junior College headquarters being located in Abilene. In 1940, Abilene raised the money to land for a U. S. Army base, southwest of town, named Camp Barkeley
5.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
6.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
7.
Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica
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Newlyweds, Nick and Jessica is an American reality television series that aired on MTV. It followed the marriage of then husband and wife Nick Lachey, the show premiered on August 19,2003, and ran for three seasons, with 41 episodes in total. The last season started on January 26,2005, and the show concluded on March 30,2005, Simpson and Lachey were married on October 26,2002 and filed for divorce on December 16,2005. On June 30,2006 Jessica and Nicks divorce was finalized, part of the shows gimmick involved displaying Simpsons naive personality, playing on the popular stereotype of dumb blondes. Perhaps the most famous example comes from the first episode, in which Simpson, confronted with a can of Chicken of the Sea tuna, asked Nick Is this chicken, what I have, I know its tuna, but it says Chicken. The show was intended for Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley after their marriage in 1994. It was shelved until 2002, when Jessicas father and manager, Joe Simpson, when Simpson was originally asked why she chose to do such a show for MTV, she replied that it was good promotion for her new album. The reality show, which coincided with the release of the album, at first did not help Simpsons album sales, as it debuted at #10 on the Billboard Charts and quickly fell down. The video helped raise an awareness and sex appeal for both Jessica and Nick, and was strongly featured in season ones top episode the Video shoot. During this time, Constantine was also asked to direct Nick Lacheys video Shut Up and this was also highlighted on the series. However, over the span of the first season, Simpsons popularity began growing, by the close of 2003, Simpson and Lachey had both become household names, and Newlyweds had become a pop culture phenomenon. Simpsons label decided to release the second single With You to see how it would do on radio now that Simpson had become an A-Lister, official website Newlyweds, Nick and Jessica at the Internet Movie Database Newlyweds, Nick and Jessica at TV. com
8.
Nick Lachey
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Nicholas Scott Nick Lachey is an American singer, songwriter, actor, producer, and television personality. He has released four albums, SoulO, Whats Left of Me, A Fathers Lullaby. He is also known for his role as Leslie St. Claire on the television series Charmed. Lachey was born in Harlan, Kentucky, the son of Cathalyn and he is the brother of singer and actor Drew Lachey, alongside whom he has worked closely. He attended grade school at Clovernook Elementary School in North College Hill, Ohio and he attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio where he joined Sigma Alpha Epsilon. In the fall of 1992, he enrolled at the University of Southern California, Lachey started his professional singing career at Kings Island with friend Justin Jeffre in the mid-1990s singing in a group quartet throughout the park. Lachey was a member of boyband 98 Degrees along with his brother, Drew, Justin Jeffre and their debut album was the self-titled 98 Degrees, however, the bands first real success came with their follow up album 98 Degrees and Rising. 98 Degrees has sold over 10 million records,98 Degrees performed a one-off summer reunion show in Hershey, Pennsylvania, at the Summer Mixtape Festival on August 18,2012, their first concert in more than a decade. During the summer of 2003, the reality show, Newlyweds, Nick and Jessica, starring Lachey, the couple starred in the television special The Nick and Jessica Variety Hour, which aired in 2004 and was compared to The Sonny & Cher Show. In 2005, Newlyweds won a Peoples Choice Award for Favorite Reality Show before wrapping shortly after, on November 11,2003, his solo debut album, SoulO, was released. Despite being released during the success of Newlyweds, the album was a commercial failure, Lachey took a recurring role on series Charmed between 2004 and 2005. Whats Left of Me was released on May 9,2006, the album was certified Gold, after selling more than 500,000 copies domestically. The first single from the album was the track, Whats Left of Me. The song became a hit, reaching a position of number six on the Billboard Hot 100. The video for Whats Left Of Me featured former MTV VJ, Lachey recorded Ordinary Day for the Oprah Winfrey-produced film, For One More Day. Lachey began working on his solo album in 2007. Lachey also starred in a well known TV series, One Tree Hill and it was announced in January 2010 that Jive Records had put his new album on hold indefinitely. In June 2010, Lachey confirmed that he had parted ways with Jive Records, taking the Stage, a musical reality show documenting the lives of high school students at the School for Creative and Performing Arts, premiered on MTV in March 2009
9.
Tony Romo
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Antonio Ramiro Romo is a former American football quarterback who spent his entire career with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League. He played college football for Eastern Illinois University, where he won the Walter Payton Award in 2002, not selected in the 2003 NFL Draft, Romo signed as a free agent with the Dallas Cowboys. After two seasons as a holder, Romo replaced previous starting quarterback Drew Bledsoe during a game against the New York Giants in the 2006 season. Romo was a Pro Bowl selection for the 2006,2007,2009 and 2014 seasons and he also broke Dallas Cowboys team records including most games with at least 300 passing yards and games with three or more touchdown passes. However, Romo was noted for a lack of postseason success, from 2006 to 2013, Romo had a higher passer rating in the fourth quarter than any other NFL quarterback. Upon retiring from the NFL, Romo was hired by CBS to become their lead analyst for their football broadcasts. Romo was born in San Diego, California, while his father, Ramiro Romo, Jr. was serving in the United States Navy and his family returned to their home in Burlington, Wisconsin. Romo played baseball as a child and was selected to the Little League All-Star team, Romo started as quarterback for the Burlington High School Demons beginning as a junior. Romo also was a starter on the Burlington High School varsity basketball team and also played golf, Romo graduated from Burlington High School in 1998. Romo attended Eastern Illinois University in Charleston, Illinois, where he played for the NCAA Division I-AA Eastern Illinois Panthers football team and was a member of Sigma Pi. As a sophomore in 2000, he ranked second in Division I-AA in passing efficiency, after the season, he was honored as an All-America honorable mention, an All-Ohio Valley Conference member, and the OVC Player of the Year. As a junior, he led Division I-AA in passing efficiency, Romo earned OVC Player of the Week honors on October 14,2002 after his eight-yard scramble run on the last play of the game led Eastern Illinois to a 25-24 win over Eastern Kentucky. On December 19,2002, Romo became the first player in Eastern Illinois and Ohio Valley Conference history to win the Walter Payton Award and he finished his career holding school and conference records with 85 touchdown passes. He was second in school and third in history with 8,212 passing yards. As a senior, he set school and conference records for completions with 258 in 407 attempts for 3,418 yards and this was second in conference and third in school history for a season. He threw for 34 touchdowns and scored one rushing touchdown, Romos 3,149 yards in total offense as a senior ranked third in school and conference history. Along with the Walter Payton Award, Romo earned consensus All-America honors and he was also selected All-Ohio Valley Conference and was named OVC Player of the Year for the third straight year. During homecoming weekend on October 17,2009, Eastern Illinois University retired Romos No.17 jersey, Romo is the first Eastern Illinois player to have his number retired
10.
Ashlee Simpson
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Ashley Nicolle Ross, known by the stage name Ashlee Simpson, is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and media personality. The younger sister of pop singer and actress Jessica Simpson, Ashlee began appearing in commercials at the age of 15. She later pursued a career as an actress, and had a role on the family drama 7th Heaven. Her breakout came following her appearance on the reality show Newlyweds, Nick and Jessica, while working on her debut studio album, Simpson became the star of her own spin-off reality series, The Ashlee Simpson Show. The show became a hit, and earned Simpson widespread recognition. Like her sister before her, Simpson became the center of media attention. Simpsons debut single, Pieces of Me, became a top five hit in the United States, the success of the single and her reality show helped propel her debut album, Autobiography, to the top of the Billboard 200 albums chart. The project went on to sell five million copies worldwide. Simpson had a role in the film Undiscovered, which became a critical and commercial flop. The failure of the film, along with multiple critically panned performances, despite this, Simpsons second studio album, I Am Me, debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming her second album to do so. The album went on to receive a certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2006, Simpson began a relationship with Fall Out Boy member Pete Wentz, following her appearance as Roxie Hart in the West End production of Chicago, Simpson announced that she had begun working on her third studio album. The album differed from the sound of her previous efforts, featuring a dance-pop. Bittersweet World was released to critical reception, but saw a decline in sales for Simpson. The effort reached number 4 on the Billboard 200, and went on to sell 126,000 copies by 2009, Simpson announced her engagement to Wentz in April 2008, with the pair wedding the following month. Two weeks after the wedding Simpson announced her pregnancy, thus ending promotion of Bittersweet World, Simpson and Wentz welcomed a son in November 2008. The following year, Simpson joined the main cast of the Melrose Place revamp and she later portrayed Roxie Hart in Chicago on Broadway. Simpson announced her separation from Wentz in 2011, citing irreconcilable differences, despite having taken time to focus on being a mother, Simpson announced a fourth studio album that same year
11.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
12.
Dance-pop
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Dance-pop is a pop and dance subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally up-tempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable, the genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some notable exceptions. Dance-pop borrowed influences from other genres, which varied by producer, artist, such include contemporary R&B, house, trance, techno, new jack swing, funk, synthpop, electropop and some forms of europop. Dance-pop is a mainstream style of music and there have been numerous pop artists. As the term started to go out of fashion by the late 1970s to early 1980s, other terms were commonly used to describe disco-based music, such as post-disco, club. Dance-pop music emerged in the 1980s as a combination of dance and pop, or post-disco, Dance-pop music was usually created, composed and produced by record producers who would then hire singers to perform the songs. In the beginning of the 80s disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, according to prominent Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music, utilizing her charisma, chutzpah and sex appeal. Erlewine claimed that Madonna launched dance-pop and set the standard for the genre for the two decades. The staff of Vice magazine stated that her debut album drew the blueprint for future dance-pop, in the 1980s dance-pop was closely aligned to other up-tempo electronic genres, such as Hi-NRG. Prominent producers in the 1980s included Stock, Aitken and Waterman, during the decade, dance-pop borrowed influences from funk, new jack swing, and contemporary R&B. Other prominent dance-pop artists and groups of the 1980s included the Pet Shop Boys, Mel and Kim, Samantha Fox, Debbie Gibson, by the 1990s, dance-pop had become a major genre in popular music. Several dance-pop groups and artists emerged during the 1990s, such as the Spice Girls, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Backstreet Boys, during the early 1990s, dance-pop borrowed influences from house music, as well as contemporary R&B and new jack swing. Additionally, also in 1998, Cher released a song called Believe which made usage of a technological innovation of the time. An audio processor and a form of pitch modification software, Auto-Tune is commonly used as a way to correct pitch, since the late 1990s, the use of Auto-Tune processing has become a common feature of dance-pop music. Celine Dion also released a dance-pop song Thats the Way It Is by the end of 1999 and it has a moderately slow tempo but an up-beat song. At the beginning of the 2000s, dance-pop music was still prominent, nonetheless, as R&B and hip hop became extremely popular from the early part of the decade onwards, dance-pop often borrowed a lot of its influences from urban music. Dance-pop stars from the 1980s and 1990s such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Madonna, Janet Jackson, in Madonnas case, her album Music contained elements of Euro disco, especially the successful eponymous lead single. Britney Spears album Blackout contained influences of Euro disco, the mid-to-late 2000s saw the arrival of several new dance-pop artists, including Rihanna, Kesha, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry
13.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
14.
Country music
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Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the genre of United States, such as folk music. Blues modes have been used throughout its recorded history. The term country music is used today to many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of Europe and Africa along with them for nearly 300 years. Country music was introduced to the world as a Southern phenomenon, Bristol, Tennessee, has been formally recognized by the U. S. Congress as the Birthplace of Country Music, based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum, historians have also noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. Prior to these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a musical heritage. The first generation emerged in the early 1920s, with Atlantas music scene playing a role in launching countrys earliest recording artists. Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin John Carson as early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records in 1924, many hillbilly musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville, during the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Bob Wills was another musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the leader of a hot string band. His mix of country and jazz, which started out as dance hall music, Wills was one of the first country musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had played at Carnegie Hall. Gospel music remained a component of country music. It became known as honky tonk, and had its roots in Western swing and the music of Mexico. By the early 1950s a blend of Western swing, country boogie, rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s, and 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in country music. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its peak during the early 1960s, the late 1960s in American music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist backlash within separate genres
15.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
16.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
17.
Primary Wave Entertainment
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On November 10,2014, as first reported by Variety, Mark Burg’s Evolution Management merged into Primary Waves Talent Management division and will operate under the Primary Wave name. On January 19,2015, Primary Wave unveiled details of a merging it’s talent management division with Intellectual Artists Management, to be named Primary Wave Entertainment. Primary Wave Music Publishing was founded in 2006 after the purchase of 50% of Kurt Cobain’s portion of the Nirvana catalog, steven Tyler, Steve Earle, Daniel Johnston, Ryan Hadlock, and many more. In addition to landing sync placements in film, TV, advertising, video games, examples include brokering a deal with Converse in 2008 to create a limited edition run of Kurt Cobain sneakers, which included graphic designs, his signature, and song lyrics on the sneakers. Part of the campaign allowed fans to scratch off prizes such as concert tickets, backstage passes. That same year, Primary Wave also created an animated cartoon J-stache, based on John Oates of Hall & Oates signature moustache, in 2012, Primary Wave partnered with Boom. Studios and Wieden+Kennedy Entertainment to release underground musician and artist Daniel Johnston debut graphic novel, Space Ducks, BMG joined forces with Primary Wave in 2013 to create a new shop for artists looking to switch labels and those who aren’t signed to a traditional business. Launched in 2010, Primary Wave Talent Management currently has managers based in New York, Los Angeles, London and Detroit and includes various divisions including Film & TV, Literary, Music
18.
BMG Rights Management
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BMG Rights Management GmbH is an international music company focused on the management of music publishing, recording rights and music distribution. The company operates as a division of the media conglomerate Bertelsmann. The company was established in 2008 as a joint venture between Bertelsmann and the private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. In March 2013, Bertelsmann took over BMG by acquiring KKRs shares, making BMG a fully owned subsidiary of the Bertelsmann group. The companys head office is in Berlin, and it operates offices in New York, Nashville, Los Angeles, London, Madrid, Paris, Stockholm, Hilversum, Beijing, Toronto, Sydney. BMG is the youngest major international company in the music industry, the formation of the company was first announced in October 2008 shortly following Bertelsmanns sale of its music interests to Sony Music Entertainment. BMG opened their first offices in January 2009 in Paris, London, Milan, Madrid, Amsterdam, the company trades under the name BMG Chrysalis in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Sweden. BMG in 2010 made its biggest acquisition at the time with the purchase of Cherry Lane Music, the Cherry Lane roster of clients includes Elvis Presley, John Denver, the Black Eyed Peas, etc. The acquisition gave BMG a major presence in the U. S, in 2012, BMG was the fourth-largest music publisher in the world, based on revenue. BMG acquired Sanctuary Records Group from Universal Music Group for over €45 million in February 2013, the previous BMG had distributed Sanctuary in certain territories. The deal was approved by the EU in May 2013, in March 2013, Bertelsmann took over BMG by acquiring KKRs shares, making BMG a fully owned subsidiary of the Bertelsmann group. In 2014, it was the most successful publisher in Germany. Soon after completing its acquisition of Mute Records and Sanctuary, BMG arranged for INgrooves to distribute the catalogues in North America, also, Depeche Mode will be distributed through Sony Music Entertainment, while Black Sabbath remained at Universal Music Group until March 2014. Then in 2014, BMG signed multi-platinum selling group Day26, in November 2014, BMG acquired Union Square Music. BMG completed the purchase of Oregon-based metal and hard rock label Rise Records, home to The Devil Wears Prada, Of Mice & Men, in 2015, the Berlin-based company became the 5th biggest recorded music company in the UK. In April 2016, BMG signed a deal with Warner Music Group. On March 7,2017, BMG announced that it would transfer the worldwide rights to 95,000 tracks and 8,000 albums to Warners Alternative Distribution Alliance division. At the end of May 2016, BMG expanded into Brazil by acquiring the local publisher Basement Music, in July 2016, BMG completed two major acquisitions
19.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
20.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
21.
Fashion design
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Fashion design is the art of application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time, Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace. Because of the required to bring a garment onto the market. Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing and they consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a range and combinations of materials to work with. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a range of conventional styles. Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring, today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear are called ready to wear. Fashion designers may work full-time for one house, as in-house designers. They may work alone or as part of a team, freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyers label, some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients, other high-end fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-end fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends, most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of mens, womens, and childrens fashions for the mass market. Fashion designers work in different ways, some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. Finally, a garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit. Fashion design is considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, worths success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him, while all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 is considered as fashion design. It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments, the images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom
22.
Sweet Kisses
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Sweet Kisses is the debut studio album by American pop singer Jessica Simpson. The album was released on November 23,1999 in the United States by Columbia Records, the albums lyrical and visual representations maintained the common theme of virginal innocence in the late 1990s teen pop revival. The album was released due to the success of teen artists Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera. Worldwide, the album was met with good reception, selling a total of two million copies worldwide, bringing the albums total sales to four million copies. The album also spawned three singles, including her debut single I Wanna Love You Forever, which has become Simpsons biggest hit to date in the United States, the album also includes the Jack and Diane sampled dance track I Think Im in Love With You. Simpson first developed and nurtured her talent in her local Baptist church, at age twelve, she unsuccessfully auditioned for The Mickey Mouse Club. While attending a camp, at the age of 13, Simpson sang Whitney Houstons I Will Always Love You. One of the visitors was launching a Gospel music record label and saw great promise. It was during time, while attending J. J. Pearce High School, Simpson signed to Proclaim Records. She recorded an album, Jessica, but Proclaim went bankrupt and this small pressing gained her minor attention which led her to performing at concerts with other gospel legendary acts such as Kirk Franklin, Gods Property, and CeCe Winans. When she was sixteen years old, Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola heard Jessica, he was impressed with Simpson’s musical talent, Mottola instantly thought Simpson sounded like Mariah Carey. Simpson was immediately signed to the label and she dropped out of high school but later earned her GED. Due to the success of teen pop artist Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera. Simpson immediately began working with such as Louis Biancaniello, Robbie Nevil, Evan Rogers. Biancaniello worked with Simpson on three of the eleven tracks, including I Wanna Love You Forever, Where You Are. She also worked with Cory Rooney, who had worked with the likes of Mariah Carey and Jennifer Lopez. Rooney produced the track I Think Im in Love with You and he also co-wrote the song, along with John Mellencamp, and Dan Shea. Simpson also met up with her then-boyfriend Nick Lachey, who already had a growing fanbase due to his work with boy-band 98 Degrees, together, the couple recorded a duet, titled Where You Are, which later became the albums second single
23.
I Wanna Love You Forever
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I Wanna Love You Forever is the debut single by American recording artist Jessica Simpson. The song was released on September 28,1999 by Columbia Records as the single from Simpsons debut studio album. Written and produced by Louis Biancaniello and Sam Watters, I Wanna Love You Forever incorporates elements from pop, upon its release, I Wanna Love You Forever achieved international success, and established Simpsons name in the music industry. The song reached three on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Simpsons first, and to date only, top ten single. An accompanying music video for I Wanna Love You Forever was directed by Bille Woodruff, an accompanying music video does not follow the dramatic story told in the song at all and instead centers on Jessica in a photo shoot. The single is considered to be one of her signature songs. Simpson first developed and nurtured her talent in her local Baptist church, at age twelve, she unsuccessfully auditioned for The Mickey Mouse Club. While attending a camp, at the age of 13, Simpson sang Whitney Houstons I Will Always Love You. One of the visitors was launching a Gospel music record label and saw great promise. It was during time, while attending J. J. Pearce High School, Simpson signed to Proclaim Records. She recorded an album, Jessica, but Proclaim went bankrupt and this small pressing gained her minor attention which led her to performing at concerts with other gospel legendary acts such as Kirk Franklin, Gods Property, and CeCe Winans. When she was sixteen years old, Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola heard Jessica, he was impressed with Simpson’s musical talent, Mottola instantly thought Simpson sounded like Mariah Carey. Simpson was immediately signed to the label and she dropped out of high school but later earned her GED. Due to the success of teen pop artist Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera. Simpson immediately began working with such as Louis Biancaniello, Robbie Nevil, Evan Rogers. Biancaniello worked with Simpson on three of the eleven tracks, including I Wanna Love You Forever. I Wanna Love You Forever was written, composed, and produced by Louis Biancaniello, the track is a darkly bittersweet love ballad, showing off the powerful vocals of Simpson. Even though Biancaniello and Watters are credited jointly for writing and composing the song, at present, it is not known exactly which of the two wrote its lyrics and which composed its music
24.
Irresistible (Jessica Simpson album)
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Irresistible is the second studio album by American recording artist Jessica Simpson, released on May 25,2001, through Columbia Records. In contrast to her debut album Sweet Kisses, which included ballads, Irresistible explored hip hop. Simpson described the material as Mariah Carey meets Britney Spears, indicating the soulfulness of the songs as well as their contemporary appeal, lyrical themes addressed in the album include love and heartbreak, sexuality, and self-respect. Sweet Kisses, which was aimed at an audience, did not perform well commercially. After its release, Irresistible received mostly negative reviews critics, most of whom were disappointed by the music, some of them also felt it was too generic. Initially, the album enjoyed success, debuting at number six on the US Billboard 200. It was an improvement from her previous endeavor and the album went on to sell about 850,000 copies in the United States and it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 500,000 copies. Elsewhere, the album was not as successful, reaching number thirteen in Canada and cracking the top forty in Sweden, Japan, two singles were released from Irresistible. It was followed by A Little Bit, which failed to chart in the United States, Simpson performed songs from Irresistible on a number of occasions. In 2001, she embarked on her first headlining tour, titled the DreamChaser Tour, Simpson signed a record deal with Columbia Records in 1998 and the next year she released her debut album titled Sweet Kisses. The album featured mostly ballads, and was targeted at a mature audience than the works of her contemporaries, Britney Spears. Simpson even stayed true to her Christian beliefs and dressed conservatively, the album only managed a peak of number twenty-five on the US Billboard 200, far from the success of her contemporaries. This led Simpson to reevaluate her career and although she was enjoying some success, feeling her more innocent image would halt her career from developing further, Simpson adopted a sexier image and newer sound, at the suggestion of the Columbia executives. She moved into the genre, as she felt that restyling herself to match the image of Spears. She separated from her then-boyfriend Nick Lachey, in March 2001 and her new image was promoted through appearances on many events, where Simpson wore revealing outfits. The development of this image coincided with the production and release of her second studio effort, Simpson said that she wanted to portray a sexier, more mature style in her new album. I recorded Sweet Kisses when I was 17 years old and Im 21 so there is four years of growth involved, in an interview with Cosmopolitan in June 2001, she explained, This record is about who I am now. The music is edgier, and Im all grown up, according to Terri Doughtery, author of People in the News, Jessica Simpson and Nick Lachey, Simpson hoped her new image would bring more attention to the power of her voice
25.
Irresistible (Jessica Simpson song)
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Irresistible is a song by American recording artist Jessica Simpson that Sony Music released on April 12,2001, as the lead single from her second studio album of the same name. The lyrics are sexually suggestive than Simpsons previous songs. The song, composed in the key of G sharp minor, is a mid-tempo R&B number with dance-pop, teen pop, instruments featured in the song include strings, synthesizers, percussion, and acoustic piano. The lyrics center on the tension between a womans sexual desires and her inhibitions. A So So Def remix of the piece features Lil Bow Wow and Jermaine Dupri, the accompanying music video, directed by Simon Brand, has a James Bond theme and features scenes of Simpson dressed as a spy. A music video for the So So Def remix was filmed, featuring appearances by Dupri. She performed the song as part of the set list of her DreamChaser Tour, the single was also promoted with live performances on various televised appearances and the MTV Total Request Live Tour. Irresistible was featured on the Disney Channel Original Series Lizzie McGuire, critics gave Irresistible mostly negative reviews noting the similarity to Pinks There You Go. Although a few praised the song for its theme and production, most criticized Simpsons singing style, the nature of the songs lyrics. The song reached number eleven on the UK Singles Chart and number fifteen on the United States Billboard Hot 100, while peaking within the top twenty in nine other countries. Despite not charting within the top twenty in Australia, it was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of more than 35,000 copies within the country. The song ranked on the Billboard Hot 100 and Australian year-end charts at numbers sixty-three and fifty, respectively. Initial recording of the song was done at the Murlyn Studios, Stockholm, for which Sheyne provided the vocals with the final recording being done at Sony Music Studios. So, when Pam mentioned the title, we came up with the tempo and the whole feeling of the song. There was a good flow to that song. We played around with the melody, put down the demo, vocals were recorded and engineered by Robert Williams using a Sony C-800G Studio Tube condenser microphone while post-recording editing, via the Pro Tools software, was done by Peter Wade Keusch. Mats Berntoft played the guitar on the track, while Bagge mixed the song, ted Jensen mastered it at Sterling Sound, New York City. Irresistible is a moderately paced R&B song composed in the form with a play time of three minutes and thirteen seconds
26.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
27.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
28.
Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
29.
MTV
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MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
30.
In This Skin
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In This Skin is the third studio album by American recording artist Jessica Simpson. The album was released in 2003 by Columbia Records and it was re-released in March 2004 with three new songs. The album was a success in North America, reaching number two on the US Billboard 200 and being certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In This Skin went on to become the thirty-fifth best selling album of 2004 in the United States and has sold seven million copies worldwide. The album was ranked number 153 on the list of the albums of the 2000s by Billboard magazine. After the release of her 2001 album Irresistible, Simpson stated she wanted to write songs for her third record, in an interview by MTV in October 2002, Lachey, her then husband, revealed that she is back in the studio, working on a new record. He said shes finally writing her own music, which Ive told her she could do forever but shes been shy about stepping out there, but shes an incredible writer, and shes doing stuff thats really from the heart. I think she feels like this is her record and her chance to do exactly what she wants. In March 2003, Simpson revealed that her album would be called In This Skin. Originally, the album was planned to be produced by American female rapper Missy Elliott. However, the pairs contributions never made the cut of the album. Sweetest Sin, the albums first single was written by Diane Warren, MTV regarded the song as a sweet track. About the idea of her single, With You, Simpson said its cool for me just because its my personality Nick loves me with nothing. The cover Take My Breath Away is Simpson and Lacheys love theme, Ive been obsessed with Take My Breath Away for a very long time, she said. Nick Lachey helped produce the vocals for both of her cover songs, another albums song is Angels, which was a tough session, Simpson said, because she had to do both songs in one day. Lachey helped her get in the mood, she said, by keeping his hand in her back pocket. Initial critical response to In This Skin was generally negative, sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine gave the album 2.5 stars and called lead single Sweetest Sin a catchy tune but a glossy, ever-so-slightly over-produced affair. And the same can be said for the album, which is weighed down by soggy
31.
With You (Jessica Simpson song)
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With You is a song by American recording artist Jessica Simpson from her third studio album, In This Skin. With You was released by Columbia Records as the single from In This Skin on October 13,2003. With that, With You became the seventh and the single from Simpson in the United States. Musically, it is a pop song. Billy Mann and Andy Marvel produced the song and co-wrote it with Simpson, the music video for With You was directed by Elliott Lester while Simpson was in the reality show Newlyweds, Nick and Jessica. The video received two nominations at the MTV Video Music Award 2004 and enjoyed commercial success. The song peaked in the top ten in Australia and the United Kingdom, and at top-twenty in Ireland, Norway, the single was certified Gold by the RIAA and Platinum in Australia. With You was written by Jessica Simpson, Billy Mann, and Andy Marvel, with You lasts for three minutes and twelve seconds, and is in the key of D Minor. Musically, it is a pop song. According to the music published at Musicnotes. com by EMI Music Publishing. About the idea of the song, Simpson said its cool for me just because its my personality Nick loves me with nothing, with You was released largely in hopes that the song would revive In This Skin on the charts. In the United States, the song debuted at number sixty-five on the Billboard Hot 100, on March 20,2004, the single reached its peak position of number fourteen and was awarded the honor of that weeks Greatest Gainer Sales. The single stayed on the chart for twenty-three weeks, with You became Simpsons fourth top-forty single in the US and her second highest peak on the chart since I Wanna Love You Forever. The song also peaked at one on Billboard Pop Songs chart and was her first number one on the chart. On the Hot Digital Tracks chart, the single debuted at number twenty-three on the issue dated January 10,2004, the song peaked at number seven on the chart with 10,000 digital download sales by February 14,2004. Due the strong digital sales, the single was certified Gold by RIAA for selling 500,000 copies. It was her first certification for digital sales, as the date, With You is her second best selling digital single with 1 million copies sold. In Australia, the single debuted at number twenty-five on the ARIA Charts for the week of April 4,2004, the next week reached at number seventeen
32.
Mainstream Top 40
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Mainstream Top 40 is a 40-song music chart published weekly by Billboard Magazine which ranks the most popular songs being played on a panel of Top 40 radio stations in the United States. The rankings are based on radio airplay detections as measured by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems, arbitron refers to the format as contemporary hit radio. The chart debuted in Billboard Magazine in its issued date October 3,1992, both Top 40 charts measured actual monitored airplay from data compiled by Broadcast Data Systems. Both charts were born of then-new BDS electronic monitoring technology as a more objective and this data was also used as the airplay component for Hot 100 tabulations. They returned to the print edition in the August 2,2003, songs on the chart are ranked by the total number of spins detected per week. Songs which gain plays or remain flat from the week will receive a bullet. A song will also receive a bullet if its loss in plays does not exceed the percentage of monitored station downtime for the format. If two songs are tied in total plays, the song with the increase in plays is placed first. Since the introduction of the chart until 2005, songs below No.20 were moved to recurrent after 26 weeks on the chart, in the chart week of December 3,2005, songs below No.20 were moved to recurrent after 20 weeks on the chart. Since the issue dated December 4,2010, songs older than 20 weeks on the chart are moved to recurrent after they drop below No.15 and this chart was often mistaken for and confused with the now discontinued Pop 100 Airplay chart. 12, Mariah Carey - Dreamlover, Taylor Swift - Shake It Off No,13, Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar - Bad Blood No. 14, Lady Gaga - Born This Way, Justin Timberlake featuring Jay-Z - Suit & Tie No,16, Madonna - Frozen, Britney Spears - Hold It Against Me No. I. The panel is regularly updated, with stations being added or removed sometimes even weekly, as of 2011, Britney Spears holds the record for the longest span between No. 1s at 12 years, seven months and four days between her first No.1 and her latest, katy Perrys Teenage Dream is the first and only album to have 6 singles top the chart. JoJo at age 13, became the youngest solo artist to have a single on the chart with Leave. Three acts have replaced themselves at No,1, Mariah Carey, OutKast and Iggy Azalea - with Azalea being the only one to do so with her first two chart entries. com BDS Top 40/CHR chart
33.
Christmas
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In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family. Although the month and date of Jesus birth are unknown, by the fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar and this is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Although it is not known why December 25 became a date of celebration, December 25 was the date the Romans marked as the winter solstice, the shortest, and therefore darkest day of the year. Jesus was identified with the Sun based on an Old Testament verse, the date is exactly nine months following Annunciation, when the conception of Jesus is celebrated. Finally, the Romans had a series of pagan festivals near the end of the year, so Christmas may have been scheduled at this time to appropriate, or compete with, one or more of these festivals. The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, the economic impact of Christmas has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. Christmas is a form of Christs mass. It is derived from the Middle English Cristemasse, which is from Old English Crīstesmæsse, crīst is from Greek Khrīstos, a translation of Hebrew Māšîaḥ, Messiah, meaning anointed, and mæsse is from Latin missa, the celebration of the Eucharist. The form Christenmas was also used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal, it derives from Middle English Cristenmasse. In addition to Christmas, the holiday has been known by other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as midwinter, or, more rarely, Nativity, meaning birth, is from Latin nātīvitās. In Old English, Gēola referred to the corresponding to December and January. Noel entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French noël or naël, itself ultimately from the Latin nātālis, the canonical gospels of Luke and Matthew both describe Jesus as being born in Bethlehem in Judea, to a virgin mother. In the Gospel of Luke account, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census and it says that angels proclaimed him a savior for all people, and shepherds came to adore him. In the Matthew account, magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels, the first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century, the feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day
34.
ReJoyce: The Christmas Album
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ReJoyce, The Christmas Album is the fourth studio album by American pop singer Jessica Simpson. It was released by Columbia Records on November 23,2004, the album features cover versions of popular Christmas songs and includes a duet with her sister, Ashlee Simpson, on the song Little Drummer Boy. Additionally, it includes a duet with Nick Lachey, Simpsons husband at the time, on Baby. The cover of Amy Grants Breath of Heaven was notable, as Simpson has said that Amy Grant is one of her favorite recording artists, two singles were released from the album, Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow and What Christmas Means to Me. Song O Holy Night had a music video. ReJoyce, The Christmas Album was released after Simpsons most successful album of her career In This Skin. ReJoyce, The Christmas Album has sold two million copies worldwide. The album garnered positive reviews from music critics. Rejoyce is a Christmas album that sounds like it was recorded at a Las Vegas revue and its filled with showstoppers and grandstanding, relying on the tried-and-true seasonal classics while offering a couple of new songs almost as an afterthought. Its bright and incessantly cheerful, always seeming loud even during its quietest moments because the music itself is bold, the album debuted on the US Billboard 200 at number sixteen with sales of 152,000 copies sold in its first week. The album later climbed up to number fourteen, as of February 23,2009, the album has sold a total of 669,000 copies in the United States and has been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. All tracks were produced by Billy Mann, except for Breath of Heaven which was produced by Mann and Chris Rojas
35.
Daisy Duke
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Daisy Duke is a fictional character, played by Catherine Bach, from the American television series The Dukes of Hazzard. She is the cousin of Bo and Luke, the protagonists of the show. Although never mentioned in the series itself, some material for the show suggests that Daisys parents, along with Bo. However, in the 1997 reunion movie, Daisy says her mother died when she was a baby, Daisy frequently becomes involved in the Dukes car chases, originally in her Plymouth Road Runner or, from the mid-second season onwards and more famously, in her Jeep. Daisy also works as a waitress at the Boars Nest, the tavern owned by Boss Hogg that was the main meeting place in Hazzard. She also aspires to be both a singer-songwriter and a journalist and she drives like Richard Petty, shoots like Annie Oakley, and knows the words to all of Dolly Partons songs. Daisy Duke is a well-meaning though sometimes naive, often scantily dressed rogue Southern belle, as with her cousins Bo and Luke Duke, Daisy has a habit of landing herself/her family in trouble, though always believes in doing the right thing, especially when helping others in need. In addition to fending off intoxicated would-be suitors at The Boars Nest, Boss does in fact fire her on a few occasions, but by various story twists, always ends up re-hiring her by the end of the episode. As with her cousins, Daisy never finds a long-lasting beau of her own over the course of the series and this crush is unrequited, although Daisy is aware of it and often displays care and concern for Enos. In the 1997 reunion movie, she is said to have left Hazzard to get married at some point after the original series, Daisys first car in the series is a yellow 1974 Plymouth Road Runner with a black stripe along the sides and over the roof. The car meets its demise when the accelerator sticks while Bo and Luke are driving it during a chase in the second-season episode The Runaway, sending it over a cliff. Because the episodes were broadcast in a different order to that in which they were filmed, after losing that car, at the end of The Runaway she receives her trademark white 1980 Jeep CJ-7 Golden Eagle, named Dixie. However, as other vehicles in the show, there are different versions of the Jeep used for filming of various episodes. Sometimes the Jeep has a different paint scheme, and alternates between automatic and manual transmissions. The design of the roll-bars also varies slightly across the seasons, on a number of occasions Daisy also drives Uncle Jesses pickup truck, and certain storylines occasionally call for her to drive the General Lee. Daisy Duke is both the female protagonist and the sex symbol on Dukes of Hazzard. In two episodes Daisy wears a red bikini to distract Cletus and a truck driver and she appears numerous times wearing short, tight denim shorts, which later became colloquially known as Daisy Dukes. The network censors believed that Daisys famous cut-off shorts alone would be too revealing, Bach herself had concerns about the shorts, saying she could not wear them in a restaurant scene in the show
36.
The Dukes of Hazzard (film)
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The Dukes of Hazzard is a 2005 American action comedy film based on the television series of the same name. The film was directed by Jay Chandrasekhar and released on August 5,2005 by Warner Bros, the film was the acting debut of pop singer Jessica Simpson. While financially successful, the film was met with reviews from critics. The film was followed by a prequel titled The Dukes of Hazzard. Cousins Bo, Luke, and Daisy Duke run a business for their Uncle Jesse in the fictional Hazzard County. The cousins primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the General Lee. Along the way, the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg, widely known as Boss Hogg, and his willing but dimwitted henchman, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane. After Rosco has the General Lee wrecked during Bos attempt at winning his fifth consecutive local road rally, Billy Prickett, a famous stock-car driver, enters Hazzard to participate in the rally. Pauline informs the Dukes that Rosco seized another farm on charges so Bo and Luke investigate a local construction site, at the lab, they discover Boss Hoggs intentions of turning the county into a strip coalmine. They are later arrested by Atlanta Police after running from campus police, back in Hazzard, Daisy learns, with the help of Sheriff Deputy Enos Strate, that Billy Prickett has been hired by Boss Hogg to participate in the Rally as a ringer. The two race to the farmhouse to cause a distraction to the waiting Hazzard County Sheriffs Deputies and Georgia State Troopers while Daisy and Cooter rescue Jesse, meanwhile, the college girls head to the rally with Sheev to inform the townsfolk about the vote on the strip-mining ordinance. During the credits, outtakes from the production of the film are shown, johnny Knoxville as Luke Duke Seann William Scott as Bo Duke Jessica Simpson as Daisy Duke Burt Reynolds as Boss Hogg Willie Nelson as Uncle Jesse Duke David Koechner as Cooter Davenport M. C. Broken Lizard cameos Steve Lemme appears as Jimmy Pullman, the son of Bill Pullman, Jay Chandrasekhar and Erik Stolhanske reprise their roles as Ramathorn and Rabbit from the Broken Lizard comedy, Super Troopers. The characters are now campus security officers, who give a warning to the Duke boys for driving too slowly, paul Soter appears as TV newsman Rick Shakely, who is reporting from the Hazzard Road Rally. Charlie Finn, who played a dimwitted fast food employee in Super Troopers, appears as a geology student who assists the Duke boys with the coal samples. Other notable cameos During the bar scene, Indy-car driver A. J. Foyt IV appears as himself. Bloopers roll under the credits, one of which features Rip Taylor interrupting the bedroom scene with Luke. Taylor had previously appeared with Knoxville in Jackass, The Movie, Knoxville said he was initially reluctant to take on the role but was persuaded by script changes and the presence of Dan Bradley as stunt coordinator and second unit for the car chase scenes
37.
A Public Affair
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A Public Affair is the fifth studio album by American pop singer Jessica Simpson. The album was released on August 26,2006 in the United States by Epic Records, the album is Simpsons first effort following her divorce from Nick Lachey in early 2006. The album was produced by Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Cory Rooney, Scott Storch, Stargate, Simpson appears as a co-writer of nine of the thirteen songs on the album. A Public Affair received generally mixed reviews from critics, who complimented its musical diversity from Simpsons previous albums. The album debuted at five on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 101,000 copies. A Public Affair has sold 500,000 units in the United States and it was the last pop album Simpson released before switching to country music. The next single, I Belong to Me, failed to chart on the US Billboard Hot 100, the third single You Spin Me Round was released as a promotional single. Simpsons version had new lyrics and only preserves the chorus of the song, the UK enhanced version was released on February 12,2007 and included the music video for A Public Affair and the track These Boots Are Made for Walkin as bonus tracks. MTV first reported that Simpsons first album after her divorce would be released in late 2005 and it was also reported that Simpson had parted ways with Columbia, and would release future albums through Epic Records. Simpson was inspired by Janet Jackson for the album, saying I do love singing ballads, I didnt do a big string-session type of ballad Im used to. I took more of a Janet Jackson approach, more of an Earth Angel type of approach. Simpson contacted Jacksons main producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis to produce several songs on the album, with only a month to go until the release of A Public Affair, Simpson switched the cover photo of the album. The first cover art for the album surfaced showing a sultry Simpson with her hair down, the original cover was ultimately not chosen, and Simpson went with the cover eventually released. The chosen album cover has a casual-looking Simpson with nothing but a T-shirt on, her hair pulled back, the album opens with the first single A Public Affair musically, it is a moderate dance-pop groove song with disco influences. It also exhibits elements of pop rock and teen pop genres, the third track of the album, B. O. Y. is an electro and disco song which features distorted synthesizers emulating sonar pulses, was written by Driscoll, Gagel, Ocasek. The fourth song If You Were Mine was tailored for the clubs, Walkin Round in a Circle, the albums fifth track, is another song co-written by Simpson for the album. The song has a touch of Euro disco love song with new wave influences, the sixth track, The Lover in Me it is a mid-tempo pop song, contains instruments such as piano and guitar. The seventh track, Swing with Me a new rendition of Benny Goodmans 1938 classic Sing, Sing, Sing, push Your Tush the eighth track is a Euro disco song with disco influences
38.
Employee of the Month (2006 film)
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Employee of the Month is a 2006 American comedy film directed by Greg Coolidge, written by Don Calame, Chris Conroy, and Coolidge, and starring Dane Cook, Jessica Simpson and Dax Shepard. The main plot revolves around two shop employees who compete for the affection of their newest co-worker, the film was shot primarily at the Costco in Albuquerque, New Mexico located at 1420 N Renaissance Blvd NE. For years, Zack Bradley has been working at the local Super Club as a box-boy and he lives with his grandmother and spends his free time with co-workers Lon Neilson, Iqbal Raji, and Russell Porpis-Gunders. Despite his slacker like ways he is kind-hearted, popular and supportive and his coworker Vince Downey earns the Employee of the Month title for the 17th time in a row. Vince is egotistical and rude towards his co-workers, mainly his box boy Jorge Mecico and his co-workers dislike him, but he is oblivious to this. When new cashier Amy Renfro is hired, Zack and Vince fall for her, Zack is told that Amy slept with the Employee of the Month at her last job, so he decides to win the title. Amy has dinner with Vince, but is repulsed when he puts the move on her, Vince doesnt realize how Amy feels, thinking they had a good kiss and continues pursuing her. Zack steps up his act and becomes a worker, giving Vince competition for the title. He also goes on a date with Amy, which takes place entirely in Super Club, within a few days, with Vince still winning the daily star, Zack realizes that getting Employee of the Month is not as easy as he thought. With Iqbals encouragement, Zack finds his groove and to Vinces horror, a war of attrition begins, as Vince tries everything he can think of to derail Zacks string of stars, even breaking into his house to reset the clocks and cause him to be late. Zack barely arrives on time and Vinces attempt to sabotage him is unsuccessful, Zack takes Iqbals shift on the day of a championship slow-pitch game against rival chain Maxi-Mart. However, he leaves to play in the game and Iqbal is fired, frustrated at Zacks new attitude, his friends tell him he is turning into Vince and feel his attempt at getting the title is a result of trying to have sex with Amy. Amy overhears the conversation and is disgusted at Zack for his true intentions, Amy tells Zack her last boyfriend, who was Employee of the Month, was conniving, conceited and impolite which was why she requested a transfer because she could not stand being with him. At months end, Zack and Vince are tied, on the day of the tie-breaking competition, Zack quits, gets Iqbal his job back and tells him he took responsibility for what happened, making a heartfelt apology to Lon, Iqbal, and Russell. Zack tells them he plans to win the competition, not for recognition or to make an impression, when the store manager is about to announce Zacks resignation, Zack, Lon, Iqbal, and Russell show up claiming Zack never filed the resignation papers. It is revealed Russell bribed the human resources manager with a broken Butterfinger, Zack tries to reconcile with Amy, giving a heart-felt apology and telling her that no matter what, he is a better man because of her. Despite Vinces protests, the competition, for the fastest checkout, is held, the Employee of the Month Award will be granted to the person who finishes the task first. Vince denies the allegations of under-ringing, when security tape footage is shown and his register receipt totals proved he cost the store money, Vince is fired and required to wear a police tracking device in lieu of jail time
39.
Do You Know (Jessica Simpson album)
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Do You Know is the sixth studio album by American singer Jessica Simpson. The album was released on September 5,2008 for US iTunes Store and on September 9,2008 in the United States, Canada, the album was her first effort in an attempt to cross over to country music. Songwriter Brett James produced the album along with John Shanks, the album debuted at number one on the US Billboard Country Albums and at number four on the US Billboard 200 with sales of 65,000. It received mixed to negative reviews from music critics, Simpson had already sung country themed songs previous like These Boots Are Made for Walkin. She started her move by appearing in the music video for You Dont Think Im Funny Anymore. She then went to Nashville to start recording her album, the album opens with the lead single Come On Over, which was co-written by country music artist Rachel Proctor, Victoria Banks and Simpson herself. The lyrics of the single focus on the narrators paramour. Simpson said, The fun thing about the song is that anxiety of wanting the guy to come over right then, the next track Remember That was co-written by country music writers Rachel Proctor and Victoria Banks. The lyrics of the focus on a history of anger, violence. In Remember That she sings, It doesn’t matter how he hurts you / With his hands or with his words / You don’t deserve it / It ain’t worth it / Take your heart and run. The third track of the album Pray Out Loud is a song in the key of B major backed with acoustic guitar. The fourth track Youre My Sunday is a moderate up-tempo song in the key of G minor backed by electric guitar, written by Simpson, Luke Laird, sipping on History is a love ballad in the key of B major backed primarily by an acoustic guitar. The sixth track Still Beautiful is a moderate up-tempo song in the key of B♭ major backed primarily by steel guitar, the seventh track Still Dont Stop Me is a ballad in the key of E major about a love gone bad, driven by acoustic guitar and percussion. When I Loved You Like That, the track, is an up-tempo song in the key of A♭ major backed by electric and steel guitars. Might as Well Be Making Love track number nine, is a ballad in the key of F major driven primarily by acoustic guitar with steel guitar fills. Man Enough is a country in the key of A♭ major song backed primarily by electric guitar, banjo. Do You Know is a moderate up-tempo song written by Dolly Parton, the album received generally mixed to negative reviews from critics. The album was given a score of 58 out of 100 from Metacritic, Simpsons hometown paper, the Dallas Morning News, rated it a C+, saying, How much should we expect from Jessica Simpsons country music debut CD
40.
Baptists
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Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency, salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, elders and deacons, Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity. Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, in accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christs atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of English dissenters under King James I. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies, in the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening contributed to Baptist growth in both New England and the South. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent, the largest Baptist denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention, with the membership of associated churches totaling more than 15 million. Modern Baptist churches trace their history to the English Separatist movement in the century after the rise of the original Protestant denominations and this view of Baptist origins has the most historical support and is the most widely accepted. Adherents to this position consider the influence of Anabaptists upon early Baptists to be minimal and it was a time of considerable political and religious turmoil. Both individuals and churches were willing to give up their theological roots if they became convinced that a more biblical truth had been discovered, during the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church. There were some Christians who were not content with the achievements of the mainstream Protestant Reformation, there also were Christians who were disappointed that the Church of England had not made corrections of what some considered to be errors and abuses. Of those most critical of the Churchs direction, some chose to stay and they became known as Puritans and are described by Gourley as cousins of the English Separatists. Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction, historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christs College, Cambridge, reared in the Church of England, he became Puritan, English Separatist, and then a Baptist Separatist, and ended his days working with the Mennonites. He began meeting in England with 60–70 English Separatists, in the face of great danger, Smyth and his lay supporter, Thomas Helwys, together with those they led, broke with the other English exiles because Smyth and Helwys were convinced they should be baptized as believers. In 1609 Smyth first baptized himself and then baptized the others, in 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled The Character of the Beast, or The False Constitution of the Church. In it he expressed two propositions, first, infants are not to be baptized, and second, Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism. Hence, his conviction was that a church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith
41.
Dallas
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Dallas is a major city in the U. S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the citys population ranks ninth in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The citys prominence arose from its importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat, however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816, the United States Census Bureaus estimate for the citys population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1,2015. In 2016 DFW ascended to the one spot in the nation in year-over-year population growth. In 2014, the metropolitan economy surpassed Washington, D. C. to become the fifth largest in the U. S. with a 2014 real GDP over $504 billion, as such, the metropolitan areas economy is the 10th largest in the world. As of January 2017, the job count has increased to 3,558,200 jobs. The citys economy is based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare and medical research. The city is home to the third-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas, Dallas is the core of the largest metropolitan area in the South. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement, the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, with majority Anglo-American settlers, in 1839, Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. John Neely Bryan established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841, the origin of the name is uncertain. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1856. With construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and it marked the prominence of Dallas as a city
42.
McGregor, Texas
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McGregor is a city in McLennan and Coryell counties in the U. S. state of Texas. The population was 4,987 at the 2010 census, McGregor lies in two counties, as well as two metropolitan areas. McGregor is located in western McLennan County at 31°25′55″N 97°25′1″W and it extends westward into Coryell County, surrounding McGregor Industrial Park, a former Naval Weapons Reserve Plant. U. S. Route 84 passes through the city center, leading northeast 17 miles to Waco, Texas State Highway 317 crosses US84 near the city center, leading north 15 miles to Valley Mills and south 28 miles to Belton. According to the United States Census Bureau, McGregor has an area of 21.4 square miles. As of the census of 2000,4,727 people,1,728 households, the population density was 216.7 people per square mile. There were 1,856 housing units at a density of 85. 1/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 71. 10% White,11. 53% African American,1. 02% Native American,0. 38% Asian,14. 41% from other races, hispanics or Latinos of any race were 27. 27% of the population. About 27. 7% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was distributed as 27. 7% under the age of 18,9. 1% from 18 to 24,25. 4% from 25 to 44,18. 6% from 45 to 64, the median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.6 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $33,200, males had a median income of $31,250 versus $18,605 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,311, about 10. 9% of families and 14. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 1% of those under age 18 and 16. 3% of those age 65 or over. SpaceX has an engine development and test facility in McGregor. SpaceX acquired the facility from defunct Beal Aerospace that had established it as an engine test facility. McGregor recently passed an ordinance to reduce noise and vibration caused by SpaceX testing activity, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, McGregor has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps
43.
J. J. Pearce High School
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J. J. Pearce High School is a high school located in Richardson, Texas, United States. It is named after Joseph Jones Pearce, who served as superintendent for the RISD from 1946 to 1977 and it is one of two Richardson Independent School District high schools to have a natatorium. In 2013, it had an enrollment of 2,167, Pearce was established in 1967 with a group of tenth graders housed at Richardson North Junior High School. Prior to 1967, all school students in the Pearce area attended Richardson High School. In 1968 the school moved to its current home on Coit Road, newsweek ranked Pearce at #528 in the top 1,000 high schools in the nation. Schools were ranked based on the number of students who took Advanced Placement courses, Pearce was named a 1988-89 National Blue Ribbon School. In 2009, the state classified 81% of Pearces graduates as college ready, the State of Texas defined college readiness by scores on the ACT and SAT and in the 11th grade Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills tests. During the same year, the student body had 22% poor students. Holly K. Hacker of The Dallas Morning News said that the rate was about 20 points higher than statistics would predict. The racial mix of the neighborhood has remained relatively constant- there are students bussed in from outside neighborhoods, many families move to the Pearce area for the high caliber RISD schools. Teachers enjoy working at Pearce, and the school employs a well-qualified staff, Academic success is the primary emphasis of Pearce, with high levels of parent involvement and relatively high student participation in extra-curricular activities, displaying a proactive community. J. J. Pearce has a choral program, the Acapella Choir was selected as the 2008 TMEA State Honor Choir, and performed at the TMEA convention in February in San Antonio, Texas. This is the time the Choir had been selected to perform at TMEA. More recently, the choral department was invited to perform at the Vatican in Italy. The group performed there in June 2009, the J. J. Pearce band has performed at such prestigious institutions as the Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center in Dallas and Carnegie Hall in New York City. The band has named the Texas Honor Band twice, once in 1984 in the 5A category. J. J. Pearce is also one of four schools nationwide to receive the coveted Sudler Flag of Honor twice from the Sousa Foundation. In 2007 as well as 2011, the J. J. Pearce Mighty Mustang Band was one of twenty 4A Texas high-school bands to advance to the Texas UIL Marching Band Competition in San Antonio
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