1.
CSI: Miami
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CSI, Miami is an American police procedural drama television series that premiered on September 23,2002, on CBS. CSI, Miami is executive produced by Carol Mendelsohn, Anthony E. Zuiker, the series ended on April 8,2012, after 10 seasons and 232 episodes. In 2006, BBC News published an article stating that CSI, Miami was the worlds most popular television series, the team is led by Lieutenant Horatio Caine, who, through his history as a bomb-disposal expert, has gained specialized knowledge in explosive forensics. Horatio believes that evil is and lives between the perpetrators of this evil and the people who try and come between that evil and the citizen. On April 17,2002, CBS Television Studios announced plans to launch a series originally titled CSI, Miami-Dade, on the location choice, co-creator Carol Mendelsohn stated that felt Miami was the most happening place Miami is so rich as a character. There are so many different cultures here all colliding, all that gives Miami an edge. Kim Delaney joined the following the pilot episodes broadcast. The series is produced by creators Carol Mendelsohn, Anthony E. Zuiker. Jerry Bruckheimer also executive-produces the series, in 2002, CSI executive producer Anthony Zuiker began casting for the then-unnamed Miami based spin-off. First cast was Emily Procter, as Calleigh Duquesne, regarding her decision to leave The West Wing and join Miami, Procter stated that It was like choosing between a boyfriend that wants to be with you casually or a man that says I love you. She described her character as a weird girl bright and very nerdy and she wears a lot of boot-cut corduroy pants and turquoise necklaces and looks like a hippie. I just like to pretend Im Velma in Scooby-Doo, adam Rodriguez, Rory Cochrane, and Khandi Alexander were cast alongside Procter, completing the supporting ensemble. For the lead, CBS suggested David Caruso, Zuiker, who stated that he had heard about the NYPD Blue thing, was initially hesitant. Elaborating, Zuiker stated that he sort of jumped in and said, Naw, the shows tough enough to get off the ground and I dont want to walk into any problems. And said, Yeah, well have him out for dinner. Caruso was later cast as Caine and he was the last pilot cast member to be contracted to series. Following the back-door pilot, Zuiker stated that he believed the series needed a more balance in terms of a leading woman. Executives offered Sela Ward the part of Megan Donner, a Lieutenant, Ward turned down the role, and producers later cast Kim Delaney
2.
Hungarians
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Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are a nation and ethnic group who speak Hungarian and are primarily associated with Hungary. There are around 13. 1–14.7 million Hungarians, of whom 8. 5–9.8 million live in todays Hungary, the Hungarians own ethnonym to denote themselves in the Early Middle Ages is uncertain. The Magyars/Hungarians probably belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance, and it is possible that they became its ethnic majority, in the Early Middle Ages the Hungarians had many names, including Ungherese, Ungar, and Hungarus. The H- prefix is an addition of Medieval Latin, another possible explanation comes from the Old Russian Yugra. It may refer to the Hungarians during a time when they dwelt east of the Ural Mountains along the borders of Europe. The Hungarian people refer to themselves by the demonym Magyar rather than Hungarian, Magyar is Finno-Ugric from the Old Hungarian mogyër. Magyar possibly derived from the name of the most prominent Hungarian tribe, the tribal name Megyer became Magyar in reference to the Hungarian people as a whole. Magyar may also derive from the Hunnic Muageris or Mugel, the Greek cognate of Tourkia was used by the scholar and Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in his De Administrando Imperio of c. AD950, though in his use, Turks always referred to Magyars, the historical Latin phrase Natio Hungarica had a wider meaning because it once referred to all nobles of the Kingdom of Hungary, regardless of their ethnicity. During the 4th millennium BC, the Uralic-speaking peoples who were living in the central, some dispersed towards the west and northwest and came into contact with Iranian speakers who were spreading northwards. From at least 2000 BC onwards, the Ugrian speakers became distinguished from the rest of the Uralic community, judging by evidence from burial mounds and settlement sites, they interacted with the Indo-Iranian Andronovo culture. In the 4th and 5th centuries AD, the Hungarians moved from the west of the Ural Mountains to the area between the southern Ural Mountains and the Volga River known as Bashkiria and Perm Krai. In the early 8th century, some of the Hungarians moved to the Don River to an area between the Volga, Don and the Seversky Donets rivers, meanwhile, the descendants of those Hungarians who stayed in Bashkiria remained there as late as 1241. The Hungarians around the Don River were subordinates of the Khazar khaganate and their neighbours were the archaeological Saltov Culture, i. e. Bulgars and the Alans, from whom they learned gardening, elements of cattle breeding and of agriculture. Tradition holds that the Hungarians were organized in a confederacy of seven tribes, the names of the seven tribes were, Jenő, Kér, Keszi, Kürt-Gyarmat, Megyer, Nyék, and Tarján. Around 830, a rebellion broke out in the Khazar khaganate, as a result, three Kabar tribes of the Khazars joined the Hungarians and moved to what the Hungarians call the Etelköz, the territory between the Carpathians and the Dnieper River. The Hungarians faced their first attack by the Pechenegs around 854, the new neighbours of the Hungarians were the Varangians and the eastern Slavs. In 895/896, under the leadership of Árpád, some Hungarians crossed the Carpathians, the tribe called Magyar was the leading tribe of the Hungarian alliance that conquered the centre of the basin
3.
African Americans
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African Americans are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The term may also be used to only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans. As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American, Black and African Americans constitute the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of 73. 2–80. 9% West African, 18–24% European, according to US Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities, immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. After the founding of the United States, black people continued to be enslaved, believed to be inferior to white people, they were treated as second-class citizens. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U. S. citizenship to whites only, in 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. The first African slaves arrived via Santo Domingo to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony, the ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterwards of an epidemic, the settlers and the slaves who had not escaped returned to Haiti, whence they had come. The first recorded Africans in British North America were 20 and odd negroes who came to Jamestown, as English settlers died from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Typically, young men or women would sign a contract of indenture in exchange for transportation to the New World, the landowner received 50 acres of land from the state for each servant purchased from a ships captain. An indentured servant would work for years without wages. The status of indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland was similar to slavery, servants could be bought, sold, or leased and they could be physically beaten for disobedience or running away. Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom and they raised families, married other Africans and sometimes intermarried with Native Americans or English settlers. By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards and purchased indentured servants of their own. In 1640, the Virginia General Court recorded the earliest documentation of slavery when they sentenced John Punch. One of Dutch African arrivals, Anthony Johnson, would own one of the first black slaves, John Casor
4.
Model (person)
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A model is a person with a role either to promote, display, or advertise commercial products or to serve as a visual aide for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Modelling is considered to be different from other types of public performance, although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be modelling. Types of modelling include, fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, Models are featured in a variety of media formats including, books, magazines, films, newspapers, internet and TV. Fashion models are featured in films, reality TV shows. Celebrities, including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by Charles Frederick Worth, the father of haute couture, when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the clothes he designed. The term house model was coined to describe this type of work, eventually, this became common practice for Parisian fashion houses. There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, with the development of fashion photography, the modelling profession expanded to photo modelling. Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until the late 1950s, one of the first well-known models was Lisa Fonssagrives, who was very popular in the 1930s. Fonssagrives appeared on over 200 Vogue covers, and her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping the careers of fashion models. In 1946, Ford Models was established by Eileen and Gerard Ford in New York, one of the most popular models during the 1940s was Jinx Falkenburg who was paid $25 per hour, a large sum at the time. During the 1940s and 1950s, Wilhelmina Cooper, Jean Patchett, Dovima, Dorian Leigh, Suzy Parker, Evelyn Tripp, Carmen DellOrefice, dorothea Church was among the first black models in the industry to gain notoriety in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside the fashion community, compared to todays models, the models of the 1950s were more voluptuous. Wilhelmina Coopers measurements were 38-24-36 whereas Chanel Imans measurements are 32-23-33, in the 1960s, the modelling world began to establish modelling agencies. Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models agents charging them weekly rates for their messages, for the most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a persons earnings, with the exception of a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labor laws governing modelling in various countries, in the 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and fashion magazines but was in dire need of models. Italian agencies would often coerce models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay and they would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from customs agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in such as La Louisiana in Paris or the Arena in Milan to have their hotel rooms raided by the police looking for their work visas
5.
Quaker Oats Company
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The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. It has been owned by PepsiCo since 2001 and he held the key positions of general manager, president and chairman of the company from 1888 until late 1943. He was called the cereal tycoon and he donated more than 70% of his wealth to the Crowell Trust. American Oats and Barley Oatmeal Corporation, formally known as Good For Breakfast instant oatmeal mix. The company expanded into areas, including other breakfast cereals and other food and drink products. Quaker Oats in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was photographed during the 1930s by Theodor Horydczak, who documented the building, operations, and factory workers at the plant. During the World War II the company, through its subsidiary, the Q. O. Ordnance Company, operated the Cornhusker Ordnance Plant, in 1968, a plant was built in Danville, Illinois. In 1969, Quaker acquired Fisher-Price, a toy company and spun it off in 1991, in 1982 Quaker Oats formed US Games, a company that created games for the Atari 2600. It went out of business one year. That same year, Quaker Oats acquired Florida-based orange juice plant Ardmore Farms, in 1983, Quaker bought Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. makers of Van Camps and Gatorade. Quaker bought Snapple for $1.7 billion in 1994 and sold it to Triarc in 1997 for $300 million, Triarc sold it to Cadbury Schweppes for $1.45 billion in September 2000. It was spun off in May 2008 to its current owners, in 1996, Quaker spun off its frozen food business, selling it to Aurora Foods. In August 2001, Quaker was bought out by Pepsico because Pepsi wanted to add Gatorade to its arsenal of beverages, the merger created the fourth-largest consumer goods company in the world. The major Canadian production facility for Quaker Oats is located in Peterborough, the factory was first established as the American Cereal Company in 1902 on the shores of the Otonabee River during that citys period of industrialization. On 11 December 1916, the all but completely burned to the ground. When the smoke had settled,23 people had died and Quaker was left with $2,000,000 in damages, Quaker went on to rebuild the facility incorporating the few areas of the structure that were not destroyed by fire. When PepsiCo purchased Quaker Oats in 2001, many brands were consolidated from facilities around Canada to the Peterborough location—which assumed the new QTG moniker, products are easily identified by the manufactured by address on the packaging. The Peterborough facility exports to the majority of Canada and limited portions of the United States, the Quaker plant sells cereal production byproducts to companies that use them to create fire logs, pellets and janks
6.
Mountain Dew
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Mountain Dew is a carbonated soft drink brand produced and owned by PepsiCo. The original formula was invented in 1940 by Tennessee beverage bottlers Barney, a revised formula was created by Bill Bridgforth in 1958. The rights to this formula were obtained by the Tip Corporation of Marion, William H. Bill Jones of the Tip corporation further refined the formula, launching that version of Mountain Dew in 1961. Between the 1940s and 1980s, there was just one variety of Mountain Dew, Diet Mountain Dew was introduced in 1988, followed by Mountain Dew Red, which was introduced and subsequently discontinued in 1988. In 2001, a flavor called Code Red debuted. This product line extension trend has continued, with expansion into specialty, limited production, region-specific. Production was first extended to the UK in 1996, but was phased out in 1998, a similarly named but very different-tasting product has been sold in the UK under the name Mountain Dew Energy since 2010 and in Ireland since Spring 2011. The product was renamed in 2014 to simply just Mountain Dew, as of 2009, Mountain Dew represented a 6.7 percent share of the overall carbonated soft drinks market in the U. S. Its competition includes The Coca-Cola Companys Mello Yello and Surge, and Dr Pepper Snapple Groups Sun Drop, Tennessee bottlers Barney and Ally Hartman developed Mountain Dew as a mixer in the 1940s. Soft drinks were regional in the 1930s, and the Hartmans had difficulty in Knoxville obtaining their preferred soda to mix with liquor, preferably whiskey, originally a nineteenth-century generic term for whiskey, especially Highland Scotch whiskey, the name was trademarked for the soft drink in 1948. Charles Gordon, who had partnered with William Swartz to bottle and promote Dr. Enuf, was introduced to Mountain Dew when he met the Hartman brothers on a train and they offered him a sample. Gordon and the Hartman brothers subsequently made a deal to bottle Mountain Dew by the Tri-Cities Beverage Corporation in Johnson City, the Hartman brothers also asked Coca-Cola for input on their soda, the Coca-Cola Company refused their offer. The Tip Corporation of Marion, Virginia bought the rights to Mountain Dew, revising the flavor, in 1964, Pepsico purchased the Tip Corporation and thus acquired the rights to Mountain Dew. In 1999, the Virginia legislature recognized Bill Jones and the Town of Marion for their role in the history of Mountain Dew, Mountain Dew was originally Southern and/or Scots/Irish slang for moonshine. Using it as the name for the soda was originally suggested by Carl E. Retzke at an Owens-Illinois Inc. meeting in Toledo, Ohio, early bottles and signage carried the reference forward by showing a cartoon-stylized hillbilly. PepsiCo acquired the Mountain Dew brand in 1964, and shortly thereafter in 1969 the logo was modified as the sought to shift its focus to a younger. This direction continued as the logo remained the same through the 1970s, 1980s, later updates to the logo were made in 1998 and then again in 2005. In October 2008, the Mountain Dew logo was redesigned to Mtn Dew within the U. S. market, the returning flavors Pitch Black, Supernova, Typhoon, and Game Fuel were given redesigned packaging and logos for their 2011 re-release
7.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
8.
Stacy Keibler
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Keibler was a contestant on the second season of Dancing with the Stars, where she placed third. Keibler has also modeled, appearing in both Maxim and Stuff magazines and she began her professional wrestling career as a part of the Nitro Girls in WCW. She quickly moved on to a prominent role in the company as the manager. As Miss Hancock she was known for doing table dances, her relationship with David Flair, after WCW was purchased by WWE, she moved to the new company, taking part in the Invasion storyline and managing the Dudley Boyz. Keibler also managed Test and Scott Steiner, before her departure she was affiliated with The Hurricane and Rosey and nicknamed Super Stacy. Keibler is known for her long legs, making her the tallest WWE Diva. She has been known as both The Legs of WCW and The Legs of WWE, during her time on Dancing with the Stars, judge Bruno Tonioli nicknamed her The Weapon of Mass Seduction because of her long legs. Keibler was born on October 14,1979, in Rosedale, Maryland, beginning at the age of three, Keibler took ballet, jazz, and tap dancing classes at Jean Kettell Studio of Dance in Dundalk, Maryland. She went to St. Clement Mary Hofbauer School in Rosedale for her early schooling, after attending The Catholic High School of Baltimore, an all-girls school, she attended Towson University, where she studied mass communication. She attended the university on a scholarship and had a 3.7 grade point average. She had minor parts in such as Pecker and Liberty Heights. Keibler became a cheerleader for the Baltimore Ravens football team when she was 18, as the Fitness Editor at Stuff magazine during 2005 and 2006, Keibler wrote and modeled for her own occasional column, Getting Fit with Stacy Keibler. She has appeared on the cover of that magazine twice -June 2005, Maxim named Keibler No.5 in its 2006 Hot 100 issue, and No.70 in its 2007 Hot 100. In 2008 she was named No.89 in Maxims annual Hot 100 list, the following year she was No.77. In 2010 she was No.82 and in 2011 she was No.72, and in 2012 she was ranked 51. Keibler has declined each of two invitations from Playboy to pose in the nude for its magazine, Keibler starred in a commercial for AT&T Corporation alongside Carrot Top. She also auditioned and earned a role in Big Mommas House 2 and she competed in the second season of Dancing with the Stars, alongside her dance partner, Tony Dovolani. Keibler received a score of 30 from the three judges for her samba dance routine in week five
9.
Mandy Moore
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Amanda Leigh Mandy Moore is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. Moore first came to prominence with her 1999 debut single, Candy, after signing with Epic Records, she released her first album, So Real, in 1999. It went on to receive a Platinum certification from the RIAA and her 2000 single, I Wanna Be with You, became her first Top 30 song in the US, peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100 chart. As of 2009, Moore has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide, in 2012, Moore was ranked #96 on VH1s list of 100 Greatest Women in Music, as well as #63 on their Sexiest Artists of All Time List. Outside of her career, Moore has also branched out into acting. She made her debut in the 2001 comedy film Dr. Dolittle 2. Later that year, she appeared as Lana Thomas in the comedy film The Princess Diaries and she had her first starring role as Jamie Sullivan in the 2002 romantic drama film A Walk to Remember, which was based on Nicholas Sparks novel. Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the 2010 animated feature Tangled, in 2016, she began starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family comedy-drama series This Is Us for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination. Amanda Leigh Moore was born on April 10,1984 in Nashua and her mother, Stacy, is a former news reporter who once worked for the Orlando Sentinel, and her father, Donald Moore, is a pilot for American Airlines. Moore was raised Catholic, but has developed a hodgepodge of things that she believes. Moores ancestry is Russian Jewish, English, and Irish and she is the second among the three children with an older brother, Scott, and a younger brother, Kyle. When she was two old, Moore and her family moved to Longwood, Seminole County, Florida, outside of Orlando. She attended Bishop Moore Catholic High School in Orlando, Florida from 1998 to 2002, Moore became interested in acting and singing at a young age, and cited her British grandmother, Eileen Friedman, a professional ballerina in London, as one of her inspirations. Moore stated My parents thought It was just a phase Id grow out of, but I stuck to it and begged them for acting lessons, for voice lessons. Moore began starring in numerous productions, as well as performing the National Anthem at numerous Orlando based events. She was only twelve years old when she attended the Stagedoor Manor theater camp, production director Konnie Kittrell said of Moore She was a quiet, sweet girl, and stated that even though she earned numerous solos She wasnt a spotlight seeker. When Moore was thirteen, she working on music by herself. One day, while working in an Orlando studio, she was overheard by a FedEx delivery man, the delivery man, named Victor, later sent this friend a copy of Moores unfinished demo, and Moore went on to sign with the label
10.
New Orleans
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New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U. S. Census, the New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502. The city is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV from 1715 to 1723, as it was established by French colonists and it is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music, and its celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is referred to as the most unique in the United States. New Orleans is located in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River, the city and Orleans Parish are coterminous. The city and parish are bounded by the parishes of St. Tammany to the north, St. Bernard to the east, Plaquemines to the south, and Jefferson to the south and west. Lake Pontchartrain, part of which is included in the city limits, lies to the north, before Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish was the most populous parish in Louisiana. As of 2015, it ranks third in population, trailing neighboring Jefferson Parish, La Nouvelle-Orléans was founded May 7,1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by the Chitimacha. It was named for Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was Regent of the Kingdom of France at the time and his title came from the French city of Orléans. The French colony was ceded to the Spanish Empire in the Treaty of Paris, during the American Revolutionary War, New Orleans was an important port for smuggling aid to the rebels, transporting military equipment and supplies up the Mississippi River. Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez successfully launched a campaign against the British from the city in 1779. New Orleans remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French oversight, nearly all of the surviving 18th-century architecture of the Vieux Carré dates from the Spanish period, the most notable exception being the Old Ursuline Convent. Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, thereafter, the city grew rapidly with influxes of Americans, French, Creoles, and Africans. Later immigrants were Irish, Germans, and Italians, Major commodity crops of sugar and cotton were cultivated with slave labor on large plantations outside the city. The Haitian Revolution ended in 1804 and established the republic in the Western Hemisphere. It had occurred several years in what was then the French colony of Saint-Domingue
11.
Columbia College Chicago
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Founded in 1890, the school is located in the South Loop district of Chicago, Illinois. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, Columbia College Chicago is not affiliated with Columbia University, Columbia College Hollywood, or any other Columbia College in the United States. The university has added a School of Business & Entrepreneurship that will host majors like marketing. It also is home to research centers as well as to the Garment Collection. It is also home to one of the few undergraduate programs in cultural studies. Columbia College Chicago was founded in 1890 as the Columbia School of Oratory by Mary A, Blood and Ida Morey Riley, both graduates of the Monroe Conservatory of Oratory, in Boston, Massachusetts. Blood and Riley became the Colleges first co-presidents, until Riley died in 1901, the school ran as a sole proprietary business from 1890 to 1904 when the school became incorporated by the state of Illinois. On May 5,1904, the school incorporated itself again in order to change its name to the Columbia College of Expression, when Blood died in 1927, George L. Scherger assumed the office of presidency after serving as a former member on the Board of Directors. Under his leadership, Scherger signed the paperwork at the Board’s annual meeting on April 14,1928 to change the School’s name to the Mary A. However, by April 30,1928, the school reverted its name to the Columbia College of Expression by the Board of Directors, George L. Scherger, Herman H. Hegner, and Erme Rowe Hegner. Hegner served as the head, although due to illness, her son. By 1934, College curriculum also focused on the field of radio broadcasting. Herman Hofer Hegner hired Norman Alexandroff, a programmer, in 1934 to develop a radio curriculum for the Colleges as both institutions were suffering financially. When Bertha Hofer Hegner retired in 1936 due to health reasons, she was president emeritus of the institutions. However, the College was never incorporated under any of these names by the State of Illinois. As the radio program gained prominence, Alexandroff was named as the Vice President of the Columbia College of Expression, on February 5,1944, the College re-filed as a not for profit corporation and changed its name to Columbia College. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the college broadened its educational base to include television, journalism, marketing, and other mass-communication areas. Alexandroff also oversaw the development of the campuses of the School, Columbia College Pan-Americano in Mexico City, Mexico and Columbia Los Angeles in Los Angeles
