Jim Crow laws
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The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century that enforced racial segregation. The origin of the term Jim Cro
c. 1832 illustration of Thomas D. Rice as Jim Crow, who the laws were named after
Freedmen voting in New Orleans in 1867
Sign for the "colored" waiting room at a bus station in Durham, North Carolina, May 1940
1904 caricature of "White" and "Jim Crow" rail cars by John T. McCutcheon. Despite Jim Crow's legal pretense that the races be "separate but equal" under the law, non-whites were given inferior facilities and treatment.
Lily-white movement
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The Lily-White Movement was an anti-Black political movement within the Republican Party in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was a response to the political and socioeco
Jim Crow laws
…and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction era. Such continuing racial segregation was also supported by the successful Lily-white movement. In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the South, beginning in the 1870s. Jim Crow laws were upheld in…
Norris Wright Cuney, the first African-American chairman of the Republican Party of Texas
Apartheid signs trainstation