1.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
2.
Greenville, Mississippi
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Greenville is a small city and the county seat of Washington County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 34,400 at the 2010 census, located in the area of historic cotton plantations and culture known as the Mississippi Delta. The United States Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, Greenville was founded in 1824 by William W. Blanton, who filed for land from the United States government. He was granted section four, township eighteen, range eight west and this plot now constitutes most of downtown Greenville. Greenville became the county seat in 1844, the two previous county seats, New Mexico and Princeton, had both caved into the Mississippi River. The current city of Greenville is the third in the State to bear the name, the first, located to the south near Natchez, became defunct soon after the American Revolution as European-American settlement was concentrated to the east. The second is the parent city to the present one and was settled in the early 19th century and it was named by its founders for General Nathanael Greene, beloved friend of George Washington, for whom the county was named. This Greenville was located three miles from the present site, today it is the site of the city’s industrial fill. The second town was a hamlet in the days before the Civil War. As county seat, it was the trading, business, most plantations were located directly on the Mississippi and other major navigable tributaries. The interior bottomlands were not developed until after the war, the town was destroyed during the Union Armys actions related to the siege of Vicksburg. Troops from a Union gunboat landed at Greenville, in retaliation for being fired upon, they burned every building. The inhabitants took refuge in plantation homes of the area, when the war ended, veterans of Mississippi regiments found Greenville in a state of ruin. The former residents decided to build again. The place chosen was the highest point on the Mississippi River between the towns of Vicksburg and Memphis, much of the land then belonged to the Roach and Blanton families, the major part of the area selected was on property owned by Mrs. Harriet Blanton Theobald. She welcomed the idea of a new Greenville, donating land for schools, churches and she was called the Mother of Greenville. Major Richard O’Hea, who had planned the defense fortifications at Vicksburg, was hired to lay out the new town. Greenville recovered prosperity, still based on cotton, despite its decline, residences and other buildings from the late 19th and early 20th centuries have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places
3.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
4.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
5.
Cremation
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Cremation is the combustion, vaporization and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone. Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite as an alternative to the interment of a dead body in a coffin. Cremated remains, which do not constitute a risk, may be buried or interred in memorial sites or cemeteries, or they may be retained by relatives. Cremation is not an alternative to a funeral, but rather an alternative to burial or other forms of disposal, some families prefer to have the deceased present at the funeral with cremation to follow, others prefer that the cremation occur prior to the funeral or memorial service. In many countries, cremation is usually done in a crematorium, some countries, such as India and Nepal, prefer different methods, such as open-air cremation. Cremation dates from at least 20,000 years ago in the record, with the Mungo Lady. Alternative death rituals emphasizing one method of disposal of a body—inhumation, cremation, in the Middle East and Europe, both burial and cremation are evident in the archaeological record in the Neolithic era. Cultural groups had their own preferences and prohibitions, the ancient Egyptians developed an intricate transmigration of soul theology, which prohibited cremation. This was also widely adopted used by Semitic peoples, the Babylonians, according to Herodotus, embalmed their dead. Early Persians practiced cremation, but this became prohibited during the Zoroastrian Period, phoenicians practiced both cremation and burial. From the Cycladic civilisation in 3000 BCE until the Sub-Mycenaean era in 1200–1100 BCE, Cremation appeared around the 12th century BCE, constituting a new practice of burial, probably influenced by Anatolia. Until the Christian era, when inhumation again became the burial practice. Romans practiced both, with cremation generally associated with military honors, in Europe, there are traces of cremation dating to the Early Bronze Age in the Pannonian Plain and along the middle Danube. The custom became dominant throughout Bronze Age Europe with the Urnfield culture, in the Iron Age, inhumation again becomes more common, but cremation persisted in the Villanovan culture and elsewhere. Homers account of Patroclus burial describes cremation with subsequent burial in a tumulus, similar to Urnfield burials, criticism of burial rites is a common form of aspersion by competing religions and cultures, including the association of cremation with fire sacrifice or human sacrifice. Hinduism and Jainism are notable for not only allowing but prescribing cremation, Cremation in India is first attested in the Cemetery H culture, considered the formative stage of Vedic civilization. The Rigveda contains a reference to the practice, in RV10.15.14. Cremation remained common, but not universal, in both ancient Greece and ancient Rome, according to Cicero, in Rome, inhumation was considered the more archaic rite, while the most honoured citizens were most typically cremated—especially upper classes and members of imperial families
6.
Taos, New Mexico
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Taos /ˈtaʊs/ is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, incorporated in 1934. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,716, Other nearby communities include Ranchos de Taos, Cañon, Taos Canyon, Ranchitos, El Prado, and Arroyo Seco. The town is close to Taos Pueblo, the Native American village, Taos is the county seat of Taos County. The English name Taos derives from the native Taos language meaning place of red willows, Taos is the principal city of the Taos, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Taos County. The Taos Pueblo, which borders the town of Taos on its side, has been occupied for nearly a millennium. Located in a valley off the Rio Grande, it is the most northern of the New Mexico pueblos. The pueblo, at some five stories high, is a combination of many individual homes with common walls. There are over 1,900 Taos Indians living within the greater pueblo-area community, many of them have modern homes near their fields and live there in summer months, only staying at their homes within the main North or South pueblo buildings during cooler weather. About 150 people live within the main pueblo buildings year-round, the Taos Pueblo was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Taos was established c.1615 as Don Fernando de Taos, in 1680, Taos Pueblo joined the widespread Pueblo Revolt. After the Spanish Reconquest of 1692, Taos Pueblo continued armed resistance to the Spanish until 1696, during the 1770s, Taos was repeatedly raided by Comanches who lived on the plains of what is now eastern Colorado. Juan Bautista de Anza, governor of the Province of New Mexico, between 1780 and 1800, Don Fernando de Taos was established. Between 1796 and 1797 the Don Fernando de Taos Land Grant gave land to 63 Spanish families in the Taos valley and it was built as a fortified plaza with adobe buildings and is now a central plaza surrounded by residential areas. Mountain men who trapped for beaver nearby made Taos their home in the early 1800s, Mexico ceded the region to the U. S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. New Mexico was a territory of the United States beginning 1850, for historical reasons, the American flag is displayed continuously at Taos Plaza. This derives from the time of the American Civil War, when Confederate sympathizers in the area attempted to remove the flag, the Union officer Kit Carson sought to discourage this activity by having guards surround the area and fly the flag 24 hours a day. The Padre of Isleta, Anton Docher first served as a priest in Taos before leaving for Isleta in 1891, beginning in 1899, artists began to settle in Taos, six formed the Taos Society of Artists in 1915. In time, the Taos art colony developed, many paintings were made of local scenes, especially of Taos Pueblo and activities there, as the artists often modelled Native Americans from the pueblo in their paintings
7.
Northwestern High School (Hyattsville, Maryland)
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Northwestern High School is a public comprehensive and magnet high school. It is located in Hyattsville, Maryland in Prince Georges County, less than a mile from the University of Maryland, College Park in the suburbs of Washington and it is part of the Prince Georges County Public Schools system. Established in 1951 at its current location off Adelphi Road, the building was demolished in the summer of 2000. Opening in August 2000, at 386,000 sq ft and it was the first of the countys current high schools to be replaced with a new facility. Northwestern became the districts second Center for the Visual and Performing Arts magnet high school. The CVPA program is a selective, rigorous four-year specialized program that offers college prep and professional career prep study in the visual arts. Admission to the program is through a competitive, two-stage application process, Northwesterns CVPA program operates as a school-within-a-school model, and is a replication of the program that has been in existence at Suitland High School since 1986. However, currently Northwesterns program only draws students from a limited attendance-area, in December 2009, Northwestern was recognized as a Silver Medal School among Americas Best High Schools by U. S. News & World Report. In 2005, The Washington Post cited Northwestern as being the second highest ranking high school, among all high schools. Northwestern is accredited by the Commission on Secondary Schools, a division of the Middle States Association of Colleges, the late Jim Henson, creator of The Muppets, graduated from Northwestern in 1954. E. Carlene Murray is the current principal at Northwestern, joining the faculty in the Fall of 2014, Murray replaced Edgar Batenga, who was principal from 2011 until 2014. Batenga replaced Jerome Thomas, who served as principal from 2004 until 2011, maxwell was currently serving as superintendent of schools for the Anne Arundel County Public Schools system, also in Maryland, until June 2013. William Ritter himself was appointed head of the Region 5 District in 2004. Northwestern houses an Evening High School for the half of the county. Northwestern hosts the very popular Saturday-run ISP Flea Market, sponsored by the schools International Studies Program, Northwestern once served as a host school for the districts Middle School & High School Chorus Festival. It is currently used as a site for the Superiors Concert. Northwestern also served as host for Gateway Music Festivals Washington, DC national choir competition in 2003, Northwestern Senior High School was founded in 1951 as a public secondary school. It was the consolidation of three schools, Hyattsville, Greenbelt, and Mount Rainier High Schools, beginning in the 1960s, several additions were built, in stages, including what was called the new art wing
8.
University of Maryland, College Park
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Founded in 1856, the university is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. It is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference, the University of Marylands proximity to the nations capital has resulted in research partnerships with the Federal government. The operating budget of the University of Maryland during the 2009 fiscal year was projected to be approximately $1.531 billion, for the same fiscal year, the University of Maryland received a total of $518 million in research funding, surpassing its 2008 mark by $118 million. As of December 12,2012, the universitys Great Expectations campaign had exceeded $1 billion in private donations, on March 6,1856, the forerunner of todays University of Maryland was chartered as the Maryland Agricultural College. Two years later, Charles Benedict Calvert, a future U. S. Congressman, Calvert founded the school later that year. On October 5,1859, the first 34 students entered the Maryland Agricultural College, the school became a land grant college in February 1864. During the Civil War, Confederate soldiers under Brigadier General Bradley Tyler Johnson moved past the college on July 12,1864 as part of Jubal Earlys raid on Washington, D. C. By the end of the war, financial problems forced the administrators to sell off 200 acres of land, for the next two years the campus was used as a boys preparatory school. Following the Civil War, in February 1866 the Maryland legislature assumed half ownership of the school, the college thus became in part a state institution. By October 1867, the school reopened with 11 students, in the next six years, enrollment grew and the schools debt was paid off. In 1873, Samuel Jones, a former Confederate Major General, twenty years later, the federally funded Agricultural Experiment Station was established there. Morrill Hall was built the following year, on November 29,1912, a fire destroyed the barracks where the students were housed, all the schools records, and most of the academic buildings, leaving only Morrill Hall untouched. There were no injuries or fatalities, and all but two returned to the university and insisted on classes continuing. Students were housed by families in neighboring towns until housing could be rebuilt, a large brick and concrete compass inlaid in the ground designates the former center of campus as it existed in 1912. The state took control of the school in 1916, and the institution was renamed Maryland State College and that year, the first female students enrolled at the school. On April 9,1920, the became part of the existing University of Maryland, replacing St. Johns College. In the same year, the school on the College Park campus awarded its first PhD degrees. In 1925 the university was accredited by the Association of American Universities, by the time the first black students enrolled at the university in 1951, enrollment had grown to nearly 10,000 students—4,000 of whom were women
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Bachelor of Science
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A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years. Whether a student of a subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities. For one example, a degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts by one university but as a B. Sc. by another. Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA, even in the natural sciences, in both instances, there are historical and traditional reasons. Northwestern Universitys School of Communication grants B. Sc. degrees in all of its programs of study, including theater, dance, the first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860. Prior to this, science subjects were included in the B. A. bracket, notably in the cases of mathematics, physics, physiology, in Argentina and Chile, most university degrees are given as a license in a field or discipline. For instance, besides the courses, biochemistry and biology require 1–2 years hands-on training either in a clinical laboratory plus a final exam or in a research laboratory plus a thesis defense. The degrees are term licenses in the field of study or profession i. e. biology, nutrition, physical therapy or kinesiology, etc. However, a masters degree requires 2-3 more years of specific training, engineering and medical degrees are also different and are six-year programs of specific classes and training starting immediately after high school. No intermediate degrees count towards the admission examination or even exist, medical degrees are complemented with a 3–4 years of hospital residence plus 1–2 years of specialization training. In Australia, the B. Sc. is generally a three-four year degree, an honours year or a Master of Science is required to progress on to the Doctor of Philosophy. In New Zealand, in cases, the honours degree comprises an additional postgraduate qualification. In South Africa, the B. Sc. is taken three years, while the postgraduate B. Sc. Entails an additional year of study, admission to the honours degree is on the basis of a sufficiently high average in the B. Sc. major, an honours degree is required for M. Sc. Level study, and admission to a doctorate is via the M. Sc, commonly in British Commonwealth countries and Ireland graduands are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Science after having completed a programme in one or more of the sciences. These programmes may take different lengths of time to complete, note that in British English, no full stops are used in the title, hence BSc, not B. Sc. A Bachelor of Science receives the designation BSc or BS for a major/pass degree, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland an honours degree is typically completed over a three-year period, though there are a few intensified two-year courses. Bachelors degrees were typically completed in two years for most of the twentieth century, in Scotland, where access to university is possible after one less year of secondary education, degree courses have a foundation year making the total course length four years
10.
The Muppets
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The Muppets are an ensemble cast of puppet characters known for their self-aware, burlesque, and meta-referential style of variety-sketch comedy. The Muppets debuted on the television program Sam and Friends, which aired from 1955 to 1961, after appearing on skits in several late night talk shows and advertising commercials during the 1960s, the Muppets began appearing on Sesame Street in 1969. In the late 1970s and into the 1980s, the Muppets diversified into theatrical films, including The Muppet Movie, The Great Muppet Caper. The Walt Disney Company began involvement with the Muppets in the late 1980s, Disney acquired the rights to the Muppets in 2004, allowing the characters to gain broader public exposure than in previous years. Under Disneys control, the Muppets enjoyed revitalized success, starring in two films—The Muppets and Muppets Most Wanted —as well as a primetime television series on ABC. The Muppets were created by puppeteer Jim Henson in the 1950s, beginning with Kermit the Frog, in 1955, the Muppets were introduced on Sam and Friends, a television program that aired on WRC-TV in Washington D. C. Instead, Henson utilized the natural four-sided frame of a set that viewers would already be watching through as the programs theatre. During the 1960s, the characters—notably Kermit and Rowlf the Dog—appeared on skits in several late-night talk shows and advertising commercials, Rowlf became the first Muppet with a regular spot on network television when he began appearing as Jimmy Deans sidekick on The Jimmy Dean Show. In 1966, Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett began developing a television program targeted towards children. Produced by the Childrens Television Workshop, the show debuted as Sesame Street in 1969, by the early 1970s, the Muppets continued their presence in television, namely appearing in The Land of Gorch segments during the first season of Saturday Night Live. As his involvement with Sesame Street continued, Henson mused about the possibility of creating a television series featuring the Muppets. Two pilot specials, The Muppets Valentine Show and The Muppet Show, Sex and Violence, aired on ABC in 1974 and 1975, respectively. Debuting in 1976, The Muppet Show introduced characters such as Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, Gonzo and Animal, as well as showcasing regulars Kermit and Rowlf. Through its syndication, The Muppet Show became increasingly popular due to its sketch comedy variety format, unique brand of humor, the show went on to receive twenty-one Primetime Emmy Award nominations during its run, and winning four awards, including Outstanding Comedy Series in 1978. Altogether, the three films received four Academy Award nominations, by 1983, Henson had introduced another television series, Fraggle Rock, which ran on HBO in the United States until 1987. By the late 1980s, Henson entered discussions with Michael Eisner and The Walt Disney Company, in which the latter would acquire Jim Henson Productions and in turn, Disney was interested in purchasing the company for $150 million. In addition to the company and Muppet characters, Eisner expressed a desire to include the Sesame Street characters as part of the acquisition, Henson, declined the proposal, however, consistently referring to such a motive as a non-starter for the deal. As discussions between the two continued, Henson and Walt Disney Imagineering preemptively began developing Muppet-themed attractions for the Disney-MGM Studios at Walt Disney World
11.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
12.
The Jim Henson Company
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The Jim Henson Company is an American entertainment company, a leading producer of childrens and family entertainment, and best known as the creators of the renowned Muppets characters. Founded in 1958 by puppeteer Jim Henson and performing partner and wife Jane Henson, the company has also produced many films, including The Muppet Movie, The Dark Crystal, and Labyrinth. Henson also operates Jim Hensons Creature Shop, a puppet, animatronics, and visual effects workshop, in 1989, the company entered merger negotiations with The Walt Disney Company, but the deal fell through following Jim Hensons unexpected death in 1990. Following Hensons death and the calling off of the Disney merger, the company was taken over by Hensons children, Lisa, Cheryl, Brian, John, and Heather, with Brian at the helm. In 2000 Henson was sold to EM. TV & Merchandising AG, a German media company, but by the end of year, EM. TVs stock collapsed. In 2004, Henson sold the rights to the Muppets and Bear in the Big Blue House to The Walt Disney Company, but retains the rights to the rest of its characters, program library, and assets. As of 2014, Brian, Lisa, Cheryl, and Heather Henson run the company, Brian Henson serves as chairman, while Lisa Henson serves as CEO. Since 2000, The Jim Henson Company has been headquartered at the Jim Henson Company Lot, Jim and Jane Henson officially founded Muppets, Inc. on November 20,1958, three years after Sam and Friends debuted on WRC-TV in Washington, D. C. In 1968, the company started creating characters and more than 20 short films for the childrens show Sesame Street. During this time the shows host, Jimmy Dean, turned down the opportunity to own forty percent of the company because he didnt feel that he had earned it. For many years, Jim Henson had tried to sell several different shows to the major American networks, some ideas were made as unaired pilots, and some were never produced. Then, in 1976, British media-mogul Lew Grade approached Jim Henson to produce a show based in England. The success of The Muppet Show led to movies, specials, videos. The British company ITC originally owned The Muppet Show, among other Henson productions, during the 1980s Jim Henson produced new television series such as Fraggle Rock and The Jim Henson Hour. In August 1989, Jim Henson and Disney CEO Michael Eisner announced a deal in which Henson would merge his company with The Walt Disney Company, the deal, reportedly valued at $150 million, also included a fifteen-year contract for Hensons personal creative services. On May 16,1990, while negotiating with Disney. Under the changed circumstances, the two sides could not come to an accord, negotiations officially ended in December 1990, and Henson would remain an independent company. The Henson family took over management of the company, and Brian Henson was named president, chairman, in 1995, Henson signed a deal with Capital Cities/ABC to produce primetime television series, a deal which led to Muppets Tonight and Aliens in the Family
13.
Jim Henson's Creature Shop
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Jim Hensons Creature Shop is a special/visual effects company founded in 1979 by puppeteer Jim Henson, creator of The Muppets. The company is based out of Hollywood, California, United States, and, previously, Camden Town in London, United Kingdom, Jim Hensons Creature Shop was originally created as a partnership with British illustrator Brian Froud to facilitate the production of The Dark Crystal. Located in Hampstead, London, it received its name in order to differentiate it from Hensons original puppet workshop in New York City and it was then used for future films such as Labyrinth and The Storyteller. It was relocated to Camden Town following Hensons death in 1990 and his son, Brian Henson, a third location in Burbank, California opened to serve Hollywood, and one of its first projects was the Dinosaurs television series. Since The Jim Henson Company sold off the rights to The Muppets brand to Disney in 2004, in the modern day, the New York shop specializes in hand puppets, including building The Muppets and most of the puppets in Sesame Street. The Los Angeles branch creates more realistic animatronic creatures and creature suits and this is known as the Henson Digital Puppetry Studio and is used extensively in television, including the entirety of the series Sid the Science Kid. Besides films, the Creature Shop has created costumes for live events and they created a realistic Smilodon full-suit puppet for a show at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, which cost more than $100,000. Ripley The English Patient Jack Frost Dr
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Lisa Henson
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She is the daughter of puppeteers Jane and Jim Henson, and the sister of Brian Henson and John Henson. She is the CEO of The Jim Henson Company, besides her direct television and movie work, she has been president of production for Columbia Pictures, and an executive for Warner Brothers. She holds a degree from Harvard University, where she majored in folklore and mythology and she has also served on the Board of Overseers
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Disney Legends
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The Disney Legends Awards is a hall of fame program that recognizes individuals who have made an extraordinary and integral contribution to The Walt Disney Company. Established in 1987, the honor was awarded annually during a special private ceremony, since 2009. The committee consists of long-time Disney executives, historians and other authorities, the plaques are placed on display in Legends Plaza at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, across from the Michael D. Eisner Building. Legends also receive a Disney Golden Pass, a pass to all Disney theme parks. Imagineer Andrea Favilli created the Disney Legends award, which is handcrafted from bronze each year, the award depicts the arm of Mickey Mouse holding a star-tipped wand. All 1997 inductees are of European origin, the ceremony was held in the Animation building at the new park on opening day. Disney and the company resulted in Disney departing, Robert Iger. Roy E. Disney again co-presented the awards, after a two-year hiatus and a return to the company
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Puppeteer
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The puppeteer may be visible to or hidden from the audience. Some puppet styles require two or more puppeteers to work together to create a puppet character. The puppeteer might speak in the role of the puppets character, however, there is much puppetry which does not use the moving mouth. Often, in theatre, a mouth is used only for gestural expression. In traditional glove puppetry often one puppeteer will operate two puppets at an out of a cast of several. Very often, though, the puppeteer assumes the joint roles of puppet-maker, director, moose and Mr. Bunny Rabbit Cary Antebi - Sherlock the Squirrel in The Magic Garden Pam Arciero - Grundgetta from Sesame Street. Bob Baker -400 movies, first puppeteer on TV – Los Angeles KHJ in 1939, greg Ballora - Emmett from The Adventures of Timmy the Tooth, Baloney from The Mr. Potato Head Show. Billy Barkhurst - Jennifer Barnhart - Cleo Lion from Between the Lions, Mama Bear from Sesame Street, phil Baron - Bill Barretta - Pepe the King Prawn, Bobo the Bear, and Johnny Fiama from Muppets Tonight. Rowlf the Dog and The Swedish Chef, marjorie Batchelder McPharlin - American puppeteer and authority on the puppet theater. Trace Beaulieu - Mystery Science Theater 3000s Crow T, fran Brill - Zoe, Prairie Dawn, Little Bird, Roxie Marie from Sesame Street. The Chiodo Brothers - Stephen Chiodo, Edward Chiodo, and Charles Chiodo have used their company Chiodo Bros, productions Inc. to create puppets for specific films which they also performed in. They are also known for performing the puppet for Dr. Colosso from The Thundermans, forman Brown - Puppeteer and gay novelist. He was a member of the Yale Puppeteers and the force behind Turnabout Theatre. Warrick Brownlow-Pike - Dodge T. Dog, Oucho T. Cactus Lisa Buckley - Ms. Fluffé from Dog City and she built Noodle McNoodle from Noodle and Doodle. Simon Buckley - British TV and film puppeteer Julianne Buescher - Potato Bug from The Mr. Potato Head Show, Potato Head from The Mr. Potato Head Show. Kevin Carlson helped Dina Fraboni James Murray to create The Adventures of Timmy the Tooth where he performed the title character, leslie Carrara-Rudolph - Abby Cadabby from Sesame Street. Dave Chapman - Dougie Colon from That Puppet Game Show, Otis the Aardvark, Scratch from Nuzzle, Kevin Clash - Elmo from Sesame Street, Clifford from The Jim Henson Hour and Muppets Tonight, Baby Sinclair from Dinosaurs. Lola Cueto - María Dolores Velázquez Rivas, better known as Lola Cueto Mexican painter, printmaker, mireya Cueto - Mexican puppeteer, writer and dramaturg
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Cartoonist
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A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is created for entertainment, political commentary, or advertising. The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged In the 18th century, has credited with pioneering Western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic series of pictures called modern moral subjects. Much of his work poked fun at politics and customs. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, calling the king, prime ministers and generals to account, while never a professional cartoonist, Benjamin Franklin is credited with having the first cartoon published in an American newspaper. In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such as Thomas Nast introduced other familiar American political symbols, during the 20th century, numerous magazines carried single-panel gag cartoons by such freelance cartoonists as Charles Addams, Irwin Caplan, Chon Day, Clyde Lamb, and John Norment. These were almost always published in black and white, although Colliers often carried cartoons in color, the debut of Playboy introduced full-page color cartoons by Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, and others. Single-panel cartoonists syndicated to newspapers included Dave Breger, Hank Ketcham, George Lichty, Fred Neher, Irving Phillips, comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers by syndicates such as the Universal Press Syndicate, United Media, or King Features. Sunday strips go to a company such as American Color before they are published. Some comic strip creators publish in the press or on the Internet. Comic strip artists may also work in book-length form, creating graphic novels. Both vintage and current strips receive reprints in book collections, the major comic book publishers utilize teams of cartoonists to produce the art. When a consistent artistic style is wanted among different cartoonists, character model sheets may be used as reference, animated cartooning is created for short films, advertising, feature films and television. It is also used in live-action films for dream sequences or opening titles. An animation artist is referred to as an animator rather than a cartoonist. They create motion pictures as well, Animation studios such as DreamWorks Animation, Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Blue Sky Studios create CGI or computer-animated films that are more three-dimensional. There are many books of cartoons in both paperback and hardcover, such as the collections of cartoons from The New Yorker, prior to the 1960s, cartoons were mostly ignored by museums and art galleries
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Leland, Mississippi
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Leland is a city in Washington County, Mississippi, in the Mississippi Delta. The population was 4,790 at the 2008 census and it was long a center of cotton culture, which is still an important commodity crop in the rural area. Farming is the basis of the economy, as it was since before the Civil War. Mississippi State University and the government maintain an agriculture research station at Stoneville on Lelands outskirts. Cotton, soybeans, rice and corn are the leading commodity crops, Leland is in the heart of blues country and has produced a number of national and regionally famous blues musicians. There are five Mississippi Blues Trail markers in Leland commemorating the towns significant contribution to blues history. Highway 61, mentioned in numerous recordings, runs through the town. Leland is the place of the folk artist and blues musician James Son Thomas. Thomas is buried beneath a gravestone donated by musician John Fogerty of Creedence Clearwater Revival, Blues musician Johnny Winter spent part of his childhood in Leland. Winter’s grandfather and father, a mayor of Leland, operated J. D. Winter & Sons, a cotton business, one of the Blues Trail markers in Leland is dedicated to Winter. The community is the home of puppeteer Jim Henson, who was born in nearby Greenville. Here he created the character of Kermit the Frog, a Muppet, the city has a museum along the banks of Deer Creek celebrating Hensons accomplishments. Leland was selected as the site for the Mississippi Wildlife Heritage Museum, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles, of which 2.1 square miles is land and 0.04 square miles is water. As of the 2013 American Community Survey, there were 4,427 people residing in the city. 74. 3% were African American,24. 8% White,0. 1% Native American,0. 6% Asian,0. 1% from some other race and 0. 2% from two or more races,0. 4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,502 people,1,943 households, the population density was 2,670.2 people per square mile. There were 2,095 housing units at a density of 1,016.7 per square mile
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Hyattsville, Maryland
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Hyattsville is a city in Prince Georges County, Maryland, and also a close, urban suburb of Washington, D. C. The population was 17,557 at the 2010 United States Census, the city is named for its founder, Christopher Clark Hyatt, who purchased his first parcel of land in the area in 1845. Hyatt opened a store and began mail delivery, officially naming the nascent community Hyattsville in his 1859 application to become postmaster, the communitys location at the intersection of the Washington and Baltimore Turnpike and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line made the land attractive for development. In the years following the Civil War, Hyatt and other local landowners subdivided their properties and sold lots, Hyattsville was incorporated as a city on April 7,1886. The historic district of the city is home to a number of Victorian houses built in the late 1880s and Sears bungalows, Hyattsville is mostly a leafy, semi-urban area with many trees and many small- to medium-sized houses with small yards. It also has some apartment complexes, notably on its north side and it also has some small office buildings and housing projects in a small part of its north side. Baltimore Ave runs through the heart of the area, sections of the city are dominated by small red brick and wooden homes with porches. The area has always had a presence of University of Maryland students, faculty. It also has a large and growing Hispanic population and growing middle-class African American population, as the areas most significant population growth occurred as part of Americas post-war urban expansion, the varied traditions founded in that era are felt in the city to this day. Many of the residents have classic Maryland accents, although not like the Baltimore accent. Washington, D. C. and its northern and northwestern suburbs once had large blue-collar Irish populations. Hyattsville also once had a significant counter-cultural community, dating back to the 1960s, with many houses and some small counter-cultural businesses. Hyattsville is located at 38°57′25″N 76°57′5″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.70 square miles, of which,2.67 square miles is land and 0.03 square miles is water. Typical of central Maryland, Hyattsville lies within the subtropical climate zone, characterized by hot humid summers and generally cool to mild winters. Hyattsville lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 7a, Hyattsville has attracted a significant gay and lesbian population. In 2000, same-sex couples accounted for 1.3 percent of households, as of the census of 2010, there were 17,557 people,6,324 households, and 3,724 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,575.7 inhabitants per square mile, there were 6,837 housing units at an average density of 2,560.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 33. 2% White,35. 6% African American,0. 8% Native American,4. 4% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,21. 4% from other races, and 4. 6% from two or more races
20.
Sam and Friends
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Sam and Friends is an early live-action/puppet television show created by puppeteer Jim Henson and his eventual wife Jane Nebel. It was taped and aired twice daily as a series in Washington, D. C. on WRC-TV in black-and-white. Most of the episodes were wiped after airing on TV. A few surviving episodes can be viewed at the Paley Center for Media but many can also be found on video sites like YouTube. Sam was a human puppet with wide eyes, large ears. His friends included Yorick, Harry the Hipster, Professor Madcliffe, Chicken Liver, early in its run, the show mostly featured the puppets lip-synching to popular songs of the day. Later, formal sketches were drawn up, many spoofing well-known television shows at the time, including the series which followed Sam and Friends in the Washington market, bob Payne once substituted for Jim Henson while he was in Europe. Jerry Juhl also worked on the show toward the end of its run where he substituted for Jane Henson, also around 1959, advertisements for Esskay Meats would appear at the end of the show, as well as Wilkins Coffee. While Payne, Juhl, and Jane Henson all puppeteered in the series alongside Jim Henson, Sam – A bald-headed humanoid-like character who is the main character of the series. Sam never spoke, but would lip-sync to any song and his puppet was made of papier-mâché. Kermit – Before he became a frog, Kermit had an appearance here. Harry the Hipster – A beatnik and he resembled a black sock puppet with shades and spoke in a hip slang. Harry was one of the first Muppets designed and built by Jim Henson, Yorick – A voracious puppet that resembled a rock head. Yorick has been known for appearing with Kermit in a segment where Kermit sang Ive Grown Accustomed to Your Face where Yorick tried to eat Kermits foot and his puppet was made of papier-mâché with a tube in his mouth that allowed him to swallow things. Professor Madcliffe – A tall-headed professor with big eyes and a mustache and he had a loud and energetic personality. Chicken Liver – A humanoid character with a head and a big nose. He was one of Jane Hensons favorite characters, hank and Frank – Two bald men. They took on the roles of Chet Huntley and David Brinkley in a interview with Kermit
21.
Sesame Street
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Sesame Street is a long-running American childrens television series, produced by Sesame Workshop and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett. The program is known for its content, and images communicated through the use of Jim Hensons Muppets, animation, short films, humor. The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history, with the creation of Sesame Street, producers and writers of a childrens television show used, for the first time, educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content. It was also the first time a shows educational effects were studied, the show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements, international sales, and other media. By 2006, there were independently produced versions, or co-productions, in 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street, and by the shows 40th anniversary in 2009, it was broadcast in more than 140 countries. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was the childrens television show in the United States. A1996 survey found that 95% of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old, in 2008, it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children. As of 2014, Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards—more than any other childrens show, Sesame Street was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and Carnegie Foundation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a television show that would master the addictive qualities of television and do something good with them. The program premiered on television stations on November 10,1969. It was the first preschool educational television program to base its contents and production values on laboratory, initial responses to the show included adulatory reviews, some controversy, and high ratings. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in over 120 countries, Sesame Street has evolved from its initial inception. According to writer Michael Davis, by the mid-1970s the show had become an American institution, the cast and crew expanded during this time, with emphasis on the hiring of women crew members and the addition of minorities to the cast. The shows success continued into the 1980s, Sesame Streets curriculum has expanded to include more affective topics such as relationships, ethics, and emotions. After the turn of the 21st century, Sesame Street made major structural changes, for example, starting in 2002, its format became more narrative and included ongoing storylines. After its thirtieth anniversary in 1999 and due to the popularity of the Muppet Elmo, upon its fortieth anniversary in 2009, the show received a Lifetime Achievement Emmy at the 36th Daytime Emmy Awards. In April 2017, Sesame Street will introduce a new puppet called Julia with Autism to the show, and will be voiced by Stacey Gordon, who started Puppet Pie and has a son on the autism spectrum. From its first episode, Sesame Street has structured its format by using a visual style, fast-moving action, humor
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Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
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The Muppet Show
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The Muppet Show is a family-oriented comedy-variety television series that was produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and features The Muppets. The programmes were recorded at ATVs Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, England, the series shows a vaudeville or music hall-style song-and-dance variety show, as well as glimpses behind the scenes of such a show. Kermit the Frog stars as a showrunner who tries to control of the antics of the other Muppet characters. The show was known for physical slapstick, sometimes absurdist comedy. Each episode also featured a human guest star, as the shows popularity rose, many celebrities were eager to perform with the Muppets on television and in film. Many of the puppeteers also worked on Sesame Street, Jerry Juhl and Jack Burns were two of the show writers. The music was performed by Jack Parnell and his orchestra, since 1969, Sesame Street had given Jim Hensons Muppet creations exposure, however, Henson began to perceive that he was pigeonholed as a childrens entertainer. He sought to create a programme that could be enjoyed by young, Two specials were produced and aired on ABC that are considered pilots for The Muppet Show. Neither led to the sale of a network series. However, the prime-time access rule had just been enacted, which took the 7,30 to 8 pm ET slot from the networks and turned it over to their affiliates. CBS suggested it would be interested in Hensons proposal as a series it could purchase for its owned-and-operated stations. According to the pitch reel, Rowan & Martins Laugh-In co-creator George Schlatter was originally going to be involved. Henson put aside his misgivings about syndication and accepted, the Muppet Show Theme is the shows theme song. It is the opening and closing theme for episode of The Muppet Show and was performed by The Muppets in a scene of The Muppets. Each episode ended with an instrumental performance of The Muppet Show Theme by the Muppet orchestra before Statler. Some last laugh sequences featured other Muppets on the balcony, for example, in one episode, the Muppets of Sesame Street appeared behind the duo who told them, How should we know how to get to Sesame Street. We dont even know how to get out of this stupid theater box, every series, the TV version of the song was presented with re-worked lyrics. While the opening sequence evolved visually over the course of the five series
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Kermit the Frog
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Kermit the Frog is a Muppet character and Jim Hensons most well-known creation. Henson originally performed Kermit until his death on May 16,1990 and he was voiced by Frank Welker in Muppet Babies and occasionally in other animation projects. Kermit performed the hit singles Bein Green in 1970 and Rainbow Connection in 1979 for The Muppet Movie, the latter song reached No.25 on the Billboard Hot 100. The earliest trace of Kermit first appeared in 1955 on WRC-TVs Sam and this prototype Kermit was created from a discarded spring coat belonging to Hensons mother and two ping pong ball halves for eyes. Initially, Kermit was a lizard-like creature and he subsequently made a number of television appearances before his status as a frog was established. His collar was added at the time to him seem more frog-like. The origin of Kermits name is a subject of some debate and it is often claimed that Kermit was named after Hensons childhood friend Kermit Scott, from Leland, Mississippi. Joy DiMenna, the daughter of Kermit Kalman Cohen who worked as a sound engineer at WBAL-TV during Jim Hensons time with Sam and Friends. Both were NBC affiliates then, and WBAL carried the show, Mr. Henson was introduced to members of the sound and camera crew, including Mr. Cohen. When he heard his name, Jim turned around, snapped his fingers and said to his wife, as Sesame Street is localized for some different markets that speak languages other than English, Kermit is often renamed. In Portugal, he is called Cocas, o Sapo, and in Brazil, his name is similar, Caco, in most of Hispanic America, his name is la rana René. In Spain, he is named Gustavo, in the Arabic version, he is known as Kamel, which is a common Arabic male name that means perfect. In Hungary, he is called Breki, in Turkey, although he is known as Kermit on The Muppet Show, in Sesame Street episodes, he was called Kurbağacık. With the release of The Muppets in 2011, most of the countries have begun using Kermit as the characters name. Jim Henson originated the character in 1955 on his television series, Sam. He continued to perform the character until his death in 1990, Hensons last known performance as Kermit was for an appearance on The Arsenio Hall Show to promote The Muppets at Walt Disney World. Henson died twelve days after that appearance, following Hensons death, veteran Muppet performer Steve Whitmire was named Kermits new performer. His first public performance as Kermit was at the end of the television special The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson and he has remained Kermits principal performer since then
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Rowlf the Dog
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Rowlf the Dog is a Muppet character, a scruffy brown dog of indeterminate breed, though part Corgi, with a rounded black nose and long floppy ears. He was created and originally performed by Jim Henson, Rowlf is the Muppet Theatres resident pianist, as well as one of the shows main cast members. Calm and wisecracking, his humor is characterized as deadpan and as such, is one of few Muppets who is rarely flustered by the shows prevalent mayhem and he is very easy going and a fan of classical music and musicals. Rowlf was introduced in 1962 for Purina Dog Chow TV commercials aired in Canada, Jim Henson designed Rowlf, and Don Sahlin built him, it was Sahlins first Muppet construction. Rowlf rose to popularity as Jimmy Deans sidekick on The Jimmy Dean Show, performed by Henson and he was the first Muppet with a regular spot on network television appearing in numerous episodes from 1963 to 1966. Jimmy Dean stated that the segments with Rowlf were one of the most popular parts of the show, in 1968, Rowlf appeared with Kermit the Frog on the pitch reel for Sesame Street. In 1976, Rowlf joined the recurring cast of The Muppet Show as the shows pianist, Rowlf also played Dr. Bob, the wisecracking doctor in the recurring medical drama parody skit Veterinarians Hospital, alongside nurses Janice and Piggy. Though considered one of the characters, he rarely interacted with any of the backstage plots involving the shows weekly guest stars. Rowlf achieved movie stardom with his appearance in The Muppet Movie, the film depicts Rowlfs origin as a musician at a piano bar, who is discovered by Kermit while on his way to Hollywood. In the scene, Rowlf and Kermit sing the duet I Hope That Somethin Better Comes Along, a song about their troubles with women. Afterwards Rowlf leaves the bar and joins Kermit and the other Muppets on their trip to Hollywood in search of fame and he later plays the harmonica during Gonzos song Im Going to Go Back There Someday. In 1984, Baby Rowlf debuted playing a toy piano during a number in The Muppets Take Manhattan. This fantasy sequence with the Muppets as babies was so popular that it resulted in the animated cartoon spinoff. He was voiced on that program by Katie Leigh, Jim Hensons last public performance as Rowlf before his death was as guest on The Arsenio Hall Show in 1990. Since 1996, Rowlf has been portrayed by puppeteer Bill Barretta, Barretta has gradually transitioned into the role. Rowlf uttered his first word since Hensons death in the episode of Muppets Tonight. Rowlf had several lines of dialogue in The Muppet Show Live in 2001, in 2005, however, Rowlf had a 190-word monologue in the second episode of Statler and Waldorf, From the Balcony. Rowlf appeared in the Keep Fishin music video for rock band Weezer, although hes only briefly seen, Rowlf had a more prominent role in the behind the scenes making-of special that accompanied it, Weezer and the Muppets Go Fishin
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Ernie (Sesame Street)
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Ernie is a Muppet character on the long-running PBS childrens television show, Sesame Street. He and his roommate Bert form the comic duo Bert and Ernie, one of the centerpieces, with Ernie acting the role of the naïve troublemaker. Ernie has a distinctive, chuckling laugh, in addition, Ernie has no visible eyebrows, while Bert displays a unibrow. Ernie is well known for his fondness for baths with his Rubber Duckie, many Ernie and Bert sketches involve Ernie wanting to play a game with Bert, who would much rather do something else. Ernie keeps annoying Bert with the game until Bert joins — and usually, by the time Bert starts enjoying the game, Ernie is tired of playing the game and wants to do something else. Other sketches have involved them sharing some food by dividing it equally, only for one of them to have a bit more than the other and he has regularly appeared in skits with Cookie Monster, Sherlock Hemlock and Lefty the Salesman. From season 33 until season 36, he and Big Bird starred in a segment called Journey to Ernie. Ernie was one of the hosts of the show Play with Me Sesame, one regular segment that he hosted was Ernie Says, a variation of Simon Says. Ernie sang about his affection for Rubber Duckie in a skit, the song from that skit – titled Rubber Duckie – became a modest mainstream hit, reaching No.16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1970. Ernie has appeared in both of the Sesame Street movies, in Follow That Bird, he and Bert searched for Big Bird by plane. Ernie piloted the plane, and eventually, after they found Big Bird, he flew the plane upside-down, however, after they lost Big Bird, Ernie blamed Bert. In The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland, Ernie and Bert served as hosts, Bert was worried about the bad bits, but Ernie clammed him by saying Bert, nothing bad is going to happen. Ernie reveals in Sesame Street Episode 257 that his activities include watching parades, circuses. A typical Bert and Ernie skit has Ernie coming up with a hare-brained idea, the age of Bert and Ernie is regularly discussed on forums. Nothing official has ever said, but most consider the duo adults. Helping suggestions of the characters being young is a comment by Sesame Street Live performer, Morgan said to the Macon Telegraph that I just kind of try to think like a 6–year–old or a 7–year–old, because thats how old Bert is. However, Berts twin brother Bart is depicted as a traveling salesman, Ernie also appeared in the finales of The Muppet Movie and The Muppets Take Manhattan, in the last of which he got a line. In Christmas Eve on Sesame Street, Ernie decided to buy Bert a cigar box to store his paper clips in, however, as he did not have any money, he traded his own Rubber Duckie for it
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The Storyteller (TV series)
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The StoryTeller is a British live-action/puppet television series that originally aired in 1988 and which was created and executively produced by Jim Henson. Reruns of The StoryTeller episodes were featured in episodes of The Jim Henson Hour. The series retold various European folk tales, particularly ones considered obscure in Western culture, created with a combination of actors, in the Secret of the Muppets episode of The Jim Henson Hour, Jim Henson stated that the Storyteller has a half-puppet appearance. Heavy make-up was used to create the character, notably large ears, the Storyteller was initially conceived by Jim Henson as an animatronic puppet character. However, Ron Mueck filmed a test with facial prosthetics, to suggest that an actor in make-up would be more effective. The episodes The Heartless Giant, The Soldier and Death, The True Bride, a soldier returns home after 20 years of war, with three biscuits in his knapsack. Using the sack, the soldier manages to trap a flock of geese and he makes one of them swear to serve him and keeps its foot as leverage. Quickly becoming rich and famous because he removed the devils from a palace that is owned by the Tzar, calling upon the devil, the soldier is given a glass goblet that allows the owner to see Death. If Death is at the foot of the bed, he or she will recover if sprinkled with water from the goblet. If Death is at the head of the bed, nothing can be done, then the Tzar becomes ill and the soldier, seeing Death at the head of his bed, makes a bargain with Death, his life in exchange for the Tzars. Death takes his offer and gives the illness to the soldier, lying in his death bed, he summons Death into his sack and stops death from happening everywhere. But as time goes on, he sees people everywhere who are waiting for death that will not come, so he frees Death, who fears the soldier and his sack so much that he refuses to take the soldiers life. The soldier, old and weary of life, seeks out a way to die and he travels down to the underworld, forcing the devils at the gates to give him two hundred souls and a map to heaven. Terrified of the sack, the agree to his demands. Upon reaching the gates of heaven, he asks to be let in with the souls while begging for forgiveness from God and he gives the sack to one of the souls, asking the soul to summon him into the sack when he has passed through the gates. But since there is no memory in heaven, the soul forgets, in closing, the storyteller remarks that the soldier is still probably about his business. As the Storyteller tosses the bag aside, a devil emerges from the bag unnoticed by the Storyteller, the episode stars Bob Peck as the Soldier, John Franklyn-Robbins as the Tzar and Alistair Fullarton performs Death. This episode was directed by Jim Henson, from an early German folk tale
28.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
29.
Agronomy
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Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. Agronomy has come to work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology. It is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, agronomists of today are involved with many issues, including producing food, creating healthier food, managing the environmental impact of agriculture, and extracting energy from plants. Agronomists often specialise in such as crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant breeding, plant physiology, soil classification, soil fertility, weed control. This area of agronomy involves selective breeding of plants to produce the best crops under various conditions, plant breeding has increased crop yields and has improved the nutritional value of numerous crops, including corn, soybeans, and wheat. It has also led to the development of new types of plants, for example, a hybrid grain called triticale was produced by crossbreeding rye and wheat. Triticale contains more protein than does either rye or wheat. Agronomy has also been instrumental in fruit and vegetable production research, agronomists use biotechnology to extend and expedite the development of desired characteristic. Biotechnology is often a lab activity requiring field testing of the new varieties that are developed. In addition to increasing crop yields agronomic biotechnology is increasingly being applied for novel uses other than food, for example, oilseed is at present used mainly for margarine and other food oils, but it can be modified to produce fatty acids for detergents, substitute fuels and petrochemicals. Agronomists study sustainable ways to make soils more productive and profitable and they classify soils and analyze them to determine whether they contain nutrients vital to plant growth. Common macronutrients analyzed include compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, soil is also assessed for several micronutrients, like zinc and boron. The percentage of organic matter, soil pH, and nutrient holding capacity are tested in a regional laboratory, agronomists will interpret these lab reports and make recommendations to balance soil nutrients for optimal plant growth. In addition, agronomists develop methods to preserve the soil and to decrease the effects of erosion by wind, for example, a technique called contour plowing may be used to prevent soil erosion and conserve rainfall. Researchers in agronomy also seek ways to use the more effectively in solving other problems. Such problems include the disposal of human and animal manure, water pollution, techniques include no-tilling crops, planting of soil-binding grasses along contours on steep slopes, and contour drains of depths up to 1 metre. Agroecology is the management of systems with an emphasis on ecological and environmental perspectives. This area is associated with work in the areas of sustainable agriculture, organic farming, and alternative food systems
30.
United States Department of Agriculture
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Approximately 80% of USDAs $140 billion budget goes to the Food and Nutrition Service program. The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, after the resignation of Thomas Vilsack on January 13,2017 and the departure of President Barack Obama from office on January 20,2017, the acting Secretary of Agriculture is Michael Young. Activities in this include the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, which provides healthy food to over 40 million low-income. The USDA also is concerned with assisting farmers and food producers with the sale of crops and it plays a role in overseas aid programs by providing surplus foods to developing countries. This aid can go through USAID, foreign governments, international bodies such as World Food Program, the Agricultural Act of 1949, section 416 and Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, also known as Food for Peace, provides the legal basis of such actions. The USDA is a partner of the World Cocoa Foundation, early in its history, the economy of the United States was largely agrarian. Officials in the government had long sought new and improved varieties of seeds, plants. In 1837 Henry Leavitt Ellsworth, a Yale-educated attorney interested in improving agriculture, became Commissioner of Patents and he began collecting and distributing new varieties of seeds and plants through members of the Congress and agricultural societies. In 1839, Congress established the Agricultural Division within the Patent Office and allotted $1,000 for the collection of agricultural statistics, Ellsworth was called the Father of the Department of Agriculture. In 1849, the Patent Office was transferred to the newly created Department of the Interior, in the ensuing years, agitation for a separate bureau of agriculture within the department or a separate department devoted to agriculture kept recurring. Lincoln called it the peoples department, in the 1880s, varied advocacy groups were lobbying for Cabinet representation. Business interests sought a Department of Commerce and Industry, and farmers tried to raise the Department of Agriculture to Cabinet rank, finally, on February 9,1889, President Grover Cleveland signed a bill into law elevating the Department of Agriculture to Cabinet level. In 1887, the Hatch Act provided for the funding of agricultural experiment stations in each state. The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 then funded cooperative extension services in each state to teach agriculture, home economics, with these and similar provisions, the USDA reached out to every county of every state. During the Great Depression, farming remained a way of life for millions of Americans. The Department of Agricultures Bureau of Home Economics, established in 1923, published shopping advice and recipes to stretch family budgets and make food go farther. USDA helped ensure that continued to be produced and distributed to those who needed it, assisted with loans for small landowners. The Department of Agriculture was authorized a budget for Fiscal Year 2015 of $139.7 billion, the Washington Post reports that he said There are days when I have literally nothing to do, he recalled thinking as he weighed his decision to quit
31.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
32.
Christian Science
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Christian Science is a set of beliefs and practices belonging to the metaphysical family of new religious movements. It was developed in nineteenth-century New England by Mary Baker Eddy, the book became Christian Sciences central text, along with the Bible, and by 2001 had sold over nine million copies. Christian Science became the fastest growing religion in the United States, with nearly 270,000 members by 1936, Eddy described Christian Science as a return to primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing. There are key differences between Christian Science theology and that of other branches of Christianity, in particular, adherents subscribe to a radical form of philosophical idealism, believing that reality is purely spiritual and the material world an illusion. Between the 1880s and 1990s the avoidance of medical treatment led to the deaths of several adherents, parents and others were prosecuted for, and in a few cases convicted of, manslaughter or neglect. Several periods of Protestant Christian revival nurtured a proliferation of new movements in the United States. From the 1890s the liberal section of the movement became known as New Thought, the term metaphysical referred to the movements philosophical idealism, a belief in the primacy of the mental world. Adherents believed that phenomena were the result of mental states. The metaphysical groups became known as the movement because of their strong focus on healing. Medical practice was in its infancy, and patients regularly fared better without it and this provided fertile soil for the mind-cure groups, who argued that sickness was an absence of right thinking or failure to connect to Divine Mind. The movement traced its roots in the United States to Phineas Parkhurst Quimby, Mary Baker Eddy had been a patient of his, leading to debate about how much of Christian Science was based on his ideas. New Thought and Christian Science differed in that Eddy saw her views as a unique, Eddys idea of malicious animal magnetism marked another distinction, introducing an element of fear that was absent from the New Thought literature. Reality for Eddy was purely spiritual, Christian Science leaders place their religion within mainstream Christian teaching, according to J. Gordon Melton, and reject any identification with the New Thought movement. Eddy was strongly influenced by her Congregationalist upbringing, in founding the Church of Christ, Scientist, in April 1879, she wrote that she wanted it to reinstate primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing. Later she suggested that Christian Science was a kind of second coming, in 1895, in the Manual of the Mother Church, she ordained the Bible and Science and Health as Pastor over the Mother Church. According to the tenets, adherents accept the inspired Word of the Bible as sufficient guide to eternal Life. Acknowledge and adore one supreme and infinite God, acknowledge His Son, one Christ, the Holy Ghost or divine Comforter, and man in Gods image and likeness. Christian Science theology differs in several respects from that of traditional Christianity
33.
University Park, Maryland
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University Park is a town in Prince Georges County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,548 at the 2010 census, University Park was developed on land owned by the Deakins family since the mid-1700s. The house known as Deakins Hall or Bloomfield was constructed on the land in the 1820s or 1830s and it is located at 6404 Queens Chapel Road. The farm was purchased by the University Park Company in 1923, the extension of water and sewer lines into area at that time prompted the subdivision of the Deakins tract. The developers promised a community of homes without the intrusion of commercial facilities. Restrictive covenants were placed on the deeds and all plans had to be approved by the developers. Homebuyers were attracted to University Park due to its high elevation, the developers also agreed to provide streetlights and trash removal for a 10-year period, and constructed a school in the mid-1920s. The town was incorporated in 1935, and the current town hall is located at 6724 Baltimore Avenue, by 1940, the community had grown to 293 houses. The size of the town doubled between 1940 and 1950, with the construction of another 255 houses. Houses constructed during these periods include brick and wood-frame Bungalow style and revival-style structures, the last building boom occurred in the late 1950s with the construction of 300 brick ranches. Community facilities include a department, started in 1965, a school. The two-room company school built in the mid-1920s was converted to a residence after the county constructed a new building in 1928. The town park was purchased in 1941, though its development was postponed by World War II and it was designed and developed in the early 1950s to include a sunken garden, trails, playground, tennis courts, and picnic area. The town remains without commercial properties, the University Park Historic District, a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, was listed in 1997. Participants in this program receive a tax credit for a portion of the cost of certified work that maintains or rehabilitates the contributing structures, one such structure identified by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission is Bloomfield. They were headed to Australia for a two-month stay, sheila Hein died when Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon, in which she worked. University Park is located at 38°58′17″N 76°56′36″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.50 square miles, all of it land. The town includes a park and a portion of Wells Run
34.
Edgar Bergen
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Edgar John Bergen was an American actor, comedian and radio performer, best known for his proficiency in ventriloquism and his characters Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd. He is also the father of actress Candice Bergen, Bergen was born in Chicago, Illinois, one of five children and the youngest of two sons of Swedish immigrants Nilla Svensdotter and Johan Henriksson Berggren. He lived on a farm near Decatur, Michigan until he was 4 when his family returned to Sweden where he learned the language and he taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet called The Wizards Manual when he was 11 after his family returned to Chicago. He attended Lake View High School, after his father died when he was just 16, he went out to work as an apprentice accountant, a furnace stoke, a player piano operator, and a projectionist in a silent-movie house. The famous ventriloquist Harry Lester was so impressed by Edgar that he gave the teenager almost daily lessons for three months in the fundamentals of ventriloquism. In the fall of 1919, Edgar paid Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack $36 to sculpt a likeness of a rascally red-headed Irish newspaperboy he knew, the head went on a dummy named Charlie McCarthy, which became Bergens lifelong sidekick. He had created the body himself, using a length of broomstick for the backbone. For college he attended Northwestern University where he was enrolled in the program to please his mother. He switched to Speech & Drama but never completed his degree and he gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church and he cut out an R and a G from his family name and went from Berggren to Bergen on the showbills. Between June 1922 and August 1925, he performed every summer on the professional Chautauqua circuit, Bergen had an interest in aviation, becoming a private pilot. His first performances were in vaudeville, at which point he changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce Bergen. He worked in one-reel movie shorts, but his success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by Elsa Maxwell for Noël Coward and it was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on Rudy Vallées program and their initial appearance was so successful that the following year they were given regular cast rolls as part of The Chase and Sanborn Hour. Under various sponsors, they were on the air from May 9,1937 to July 1,1956, the popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person, thus, in 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the networks glossy promotional book, NBC Parade of Stars, As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station. Bergens skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, Bergens success on radio was paralleled in the United Kingdom by Peter Brough and his dummy Archie Andrews
35.
Burr Tillstrom
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Franklin Burr Tillstrom was a puppeteer and the creator of Kukla, Fran and Ollie. Tillstrom was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Bert and Alice Burr Tillstrom and he attended Senn High School in Chicago and later the University of Chicago. While still a freshman, he accepted a job offer from the WPA-Chicago Parks District Theatre to set up a marionette theater, Tillstrom turned his attention to puppetry in the early 1930s and created Kukla in 1936. Kukla remained nameless until the Russian ballerina Tamara Toumanova referred to him as kukla, other famous puppets from Tillstroms group included Ollie, Beulah Witch, Goultar, Cecil Bill, David the Psychopath Arvedon, and Fletcher Rabbit. In 1939, Tillstrom was invited to present his Kuklapolitan Players at the New York Worlds Fair, the following year, RCA sent him to Bermuda to perform on the first ship-to-shore broadcast. From 1947 through 1957, Tillstrom was involved with the Kukla, Fran and Ollie show, with only a few exceptions, all of the shows were improvised. After the original series ended in 1957, Tillstrom continued to work with the Kuklapolitans, early in 1958, Tillstrom appeared with the puppets on Polly Bergens short-lived NBC variety show, The Polly Bergen Show. Tillstrom, Kukla and Ollie reunited with Fran Allison to host the CBS Childrens Film Festival from 1967 to 1977, in 1970, Kukla, Fran and Ollie appeared on National Educational Television, taped at WTTW in Chicago, for two seasons. In 1975, Kukla, Fran and Ollie began another run on television with 13 new episodes, in 1977, The Kukla and Ollie Retrospective Stage Show tours began, a creation of the Artist-in-Residence program at Hope College. In 1978 Kukla, Burr and Ollie joined the Broadway cast of Side by Side by Sondheim, Tillstrom continued to perform with his Kuklapolitan Players until his death in Palm Springs, California in 1985. On March 23,1986, Burr Tillstrom was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame for his creativity, the Saugatuck Douglas Art Club in Saugatuck, Michigan dedicated a memorial to Tillstrom in 1988. The Burr Tillstrom Collection and Archives are maintained at the Chicago History Museum, in 2013 Tillstrom was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame. A Memoir of Burr Tillstrom The Kuklapolitan Website and DVDs
36.
Kukla, Fran and Ollie
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Kukla, Fran and Ollie is an early American television show using puppets. It was created for children, but soon watched by adults than children. It did not have a script and was entirely ad-libbed and it was broadcast from 1947 to 1957. Burr Tillstrom was the creator and only puppeteer on the show, the program was renamed Kukla, Fran and Ollie and transferred to WNBQ on November 29,1948. The first NBC network broadcast of the show took place on January 12,1949, central Time, Monday through Friday from Chicago. The design style of puppets was in the style of Neapolitan puppet shows, or Punch and Judy without the slapstick, the puppet cast included Kukla, the earnest leader of the troupe, Ollie, or Oliver J. The series music was written and performed by Jack Fascinato, who first accompanied the troupe on solo piano, like Jack Bennys radio program, KFOs humor relied on building a relationship between its characters and the audience over time. The humor was quite tame by the standards of later comedy, there were few laugh-out-loud jokes per show—KFO relied on the humor of familiarity, much like The Honeymooners. KFO evoked not only loyalty but also a belief in its characters from regular viewers. Fans became so attached to the show that when it was cut back to 15 minutes in November 1951, letters of outrage poured into NBC, the Bob & Ray Show was the replacement 15-minute program and had considerable vitriol heaped on it by angry KFO viewers. From August 1952 to June 1954, KFO ran as a program on Sundays from 3–3,30 p. m. CT. They also began a radio show in October of that year. It was then picked up by the ABC network and returned to the 15-minute daily format until the last regular program aired on August 30,1957, a continuous run of nearly ten years. During that time, KFO was a successful show that counted Orson Welles, John Steinbeck, Tallulah Bankhead, Ben Grauer, Milton Caniff. The show had sponsors like Life magazine, RCA, Nabisco, james Thurber once wrote that Tillstrom was helping to save the sanity of the nation and to improve, if not even to invent, the quality of television. After the original series ended in 1957, Tillstrom continued to search for a place for the Kuklapolitans, doing a daily show for NBC. Tillstrom and his puppets returned to NBC television without Allison in the early 1960s for Burr Tillstroms Kukla, in 1967, KFO began hosting CBS Childrens Film Festival. In this context, their conversations were restricted to an introduction, commercial segues and a summary of the film
37.
Bil Baird
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William Britton Bil Baird was an American puppeteer of the mid- and late 20th century. One of his known creations was Charlemane the lion. He and his wife Cora Eisenberg Baird produced and performed the famous sequence for The Lonely Goatherd in the film version of The Sound of Music. He wrote The Art of the Puppet and also provided the puppets for Dark Shadows, Baird also created the expandable nose Peter Noone wore as Pinocchio in the 1968 musical adaptation of the Carlo Collodi story that aired on NBC as a Hallmark Hall of Fame special. Born in Grand Island, Nebraska, Baird grew up in Mason City, Baird traced his love of puppets to the moment when his father made him a simple string puppet when he was eight. In 1921, he attended a performance of the Tony Sarg production of “Rip Van Winkle”. By the time he was fourteen, Baird was creating his own puppets, a graduate of the University of Iowa and the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, he began work with childhood idol Tony Sarg in New York City in 1928. In 1934, Baird formed his own company, the Baird Marionettes and their first performance was at the Chicago’s World’s Fair. In 1951, Bairds Marionettes performed some of the roles in the Broadway musical Flahooley, in a career that spanned over 60 years, Baird and his puppets performed for millions. In 1956 Bairds puppets Gargle and Snarky appeared in Adventures in Numbers and Space, during the 1964/65 Worlds Fair in New York City, Bairds Marionettes hosted The Show-Go-Round, an elaborate musical exhibit in the Chrysler Pavilion. Opening in 1967, the Bil Baird Marionette Theater at 59 Barrow Street in Greenwich Village presented plays for more than a decade. Among them, Ali Baba, The Wizard of Oz, Pinocchio, Alice in Wonderland, Winnie-the-Pooh, Peter and the Wolf, Davy Jones Locker, and The Whistling Wizard, Bil Bairds children Laura and Peter sold nearly all of the Bil Baird Marionettes at auction. This 800-lot auction sale was held at The Greenwich Auction Room,110 East 13th Street, in December 1988 Bil Bairds Marionettes played at the Minetta Lane Theatre in New York. Mary Rodgers was the composer, Sheldon Harnick wrote the lyrics
38.
WUSA (TV)
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WUSA, channel 9, is a CBS-affiliated television station located in the American capital of Washington, D. C. The station is owned by Tegna, Inc. and effectively serves as the television property of the company. WUSAs studios and transmitter are located at Broadcast House on Wisconsin Avenue in the Tenleytown neighborhood on the side of Washington. WUSA is the largest CBS affiliate by market size that is not owned and operated by the network, the stations signal is relayed on a low-powered translator station, W50BD-D, in Moorefield, West Virginia. The station first went on the air on January 11,1949 as WOIC, the fourth-oldest station in the nations capital, channel 9 was originally owned by the Bamberger Broadcasting Service, a subsidiary of R. H. Macy and Company. Bamberger also owned WOR-AM-FM in New York City, and was working to put WOR-TV on the air at the same time, nine days later, WOIC broadcast the first televised American presidential inaugural address, given by President Harry S. Truman. WOIC picked up the CBS affiliation upon signing on, replacing WMAL-TV as the networks Washington outlet. However, WOR was a shareholder in the Mutual Radio Network, which had plans to television with WOIC and WOR-TV as the flagship stations of its network. At the start of 1950, Bamberger Broadcasting changed its name to General Teleradio, in June 1950, a joint venture of CBS and the Washington Post purchased WOIC from Bamberger/Macys for $1.4 million. The new owners, WTOP Incorporated, changed the call sign to WTOP-TV. In 1954, the WTOP stations moved into a new facility, known as Broadcast House, at 40th, the building was the first in the country designed as a unified radio and television facility. Its name was in honor of Broadcasting House, home of the BBC in London, the building was well known to WTOPs president, since he had spent much of World War II assigned to the BBC. Previous to the move to Broadcast House, the stations operated out of the Earle Building. The building with the remains in the middle at the same location, although it is now an office building. The WTOP-TV tower was known in Washington for two things, First, at Christmas time, the tower was strung with Christmas lights and glowed brightly on top of Mount Reno, the tallest point in the District of Columbia. Second, the tower tended to sway more than three-sided towers. In a strong wind, the tower could be seen swaying back-and-forth, in October 1954, CBS sold its share of WTOP Inc. to the Washington Post to comply with the Federal Communications Commissions new seven-station-per-group ownership rule. CBSs partial ownership of WTOP radio, KQV radio in Pittsburgh, CBS opted to sell its share of WTOP, which it had purchased in whole in 1932 before selling controlling interest to the Post in 1949
39.
Art school
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An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on the visual arts, including fine art, especially illustration, painting, photography, sculpture, and graphic design. Art schools are institutions with elementary, secondary, post-secondary or undergraduate and they are distinguished from larger institutions which also may offer majors or degrees in the visual arts, but only as one part of a broad-based range of programs. Frances École des Beaux-Arts is, perhaps, the first model for such organized instruction, breaking with a tradition of master and they are Emily Carr University of Art and Design, NSCAD University, OCAD University, and Alberta College of Art and Design. Emily Carr University has the most active research program among the four with over $15 million in research over the last five years, OCAD Universitys research intensity has reached $3.2 million in 2011/12. All four schools teach in the major disciplines from painting through to new media, over the last five years, Emily Carr has garnered the most of the major awards for students and alums across the country. The most recent RBC Painting Competition was won by Vanessa Maltese, NSCAD University was founded in 1887 by Anna Leonowens and other Halifax women. The school gained international prominence in the 1970s for innovation in art under the leadership of Garry Kennedy. In spite of its modest size, Art in America suggested in 1973 that NSCAD was the best art school in North America, while more recently The Globe and Mail called it Canadas most illustrious. Claude Watson School for the Arts and Karen Kain School of the Arts are intermediate-age public art schools in Toronto, in Brampton, Mayfield Secondary Schools Regional Arts Program offers a public high school-level art school. Innovators like Voice of Purpose out of Toronto, Ontario are currently working on promoting the Purpose Driven Education pedagogy through the use of arts-based programming, in France, art schools have an quite old history. The oldest is Paris fine art school, established in 1682, some of those schools were called academies and were prestigious institutions, devoted to the education of great painters or sculptors. Others were called école gratuite de dessin, and were devoted to the education of arts, as today, there is in France 45 national or territorial public high schools of art, that deliver bachelor and Master degrees. Art schools have a history in Sweden since the first half of the 18th Century, students may attend the Royal Institute of Art, which got its start in 1735. There are also tertiary art schools attached to universities in Gothenburg, Malmö, others, whose existence ties in indelibly with that of larger, non-discipline-specific universities exist. Most art schools of either orientation are equipped to offer opportunities spanning from post-16 to postgraduate level, the range of colleges span from predominantly further education establishments to research-led specialist institutes. The University of the Arts London, for example, is a federally structured institution that comprises six previously independent schools situated in London, the Royal College of Art with its degree-awarding arm and singular focus on postgraduate awards being a most singular exception. Since the 1970s, degrees have replaced diplomas as the qualification in the field. In the case of wholly freestanding institutions, degree validation agreements in liaison with a university have long been the custom for Bachelor of Arts level upward
40.
Home economics
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Home economics or domestic science, now known as family and consumer sciences, is the profession and field of study that deals with the economics and management of the home and community. The field deals with the relationship between individuals, families, and communities, and the environment in which they live. As a subject of study, FCS is taught in schools, colleges and universities, vocational schools. It prepares students for homemaking or professional careers, or to assist in preparing to fulfill real-life responsibilities at home, as an academic profession, it includes educators in the field and human services professionals. Other topics such as education, and fire prevention may also be covered. Family and consumer science was known in the United States as home economics. The field is known by other names, including human sciences, home science. One of the first to champion the economics of running a home was Catherine Beecher, sister to Harriet Beecher Stowe, Catherine and Harriet both were leaders in mid-19th century North America in talking about domestic science. They came from a religious family that valued education especially for women. Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois, Minnesota and Michigan were early leaders offering programs for women, there were women graduates of these institutions several years before the Lake Placid Conferences which gave birth to the home economics movement. The home economics movement started with Ellen Swallow Richards, who was the first woman to attend Massachusetts Institute of Technology, through her chemistry research, she became an expert in water quality and later began to focus on applying scientific principles to domestic situations. She shunned an invitation to participate in the Women’s Building as she said none of her research was just women’s work and they met at pristine Lake Placid, New York at the invitation of Melvil Dewey. Over the course of the next 10 years, these educators worked tirelessly to elevate the discipline, Richards wanted to call this oekology or the science of right living. Euthenics, the science of environment, was also a name of her choice. Richards then founded the American Home Economics Association in 1909, in the 1910s the AHEA won passage of two crucial pieces of legislation that allowed home economists to establish formal niches for research and teaching within institutions of higher education. This legislation contributed to the creation of the Office of Home Economics, Home economics emerged at the turn of the twentieth century as a movement to train women to be more efficient household managers. At the same moment, American families began to consume many more goods, in the 19th century, home economics classes were intended to ready young women for their duties in the home in healthy environments. Classes were first offered in the United States, Canada, Germany and Great Britain, followed by Latin America, Asia, International organizations such as those associated with the United Nations have been involved in starting home economics programs around the world
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WRC-TV
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WRC-TV, channel 4, is an NBC owned-and-operated television station located in the American capital city of Washington, District of Columbia. The station is owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, wRC-TVs studios and transmitter are co-located in the Tenleytown neighborhood of Washington. WRC-TV houses and originates NBC News Washington bureau, out of which the networks long-running political events program, the station traces its roots to experimental television station W3XNB, which was put on the air by the Radio Corporation of America, the then-parent company of NBC, in 1939. On June 27,1947, the received a commercial station license. Channel 4 is the second-oldest licensed television station in Washington, after WTTG, WNBW was also the second of the five original NBC-owned television stations to sign-on, behind New York City and ahead of Chicago, Cleveland and Los Angeles. The station was operated alongside WRC radio, on October 18,1954, the television stations callsign changed to the present WRC-TV to match its radio sisters. The new calls reflected NBCs ownership at the time by RCA and it has retained its -TV suffix to this day, more than two decades after the radio stations were sold off. In 1955 while in college and serving as a puppeteer on a WRC-TV program, the series he created, Sam and Friends, was the first series to feature the Muppets, and launched the Jim Henson Company. The second presidential debate between candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon was broadcast from the studios on October 7,1960. The earliest color videotape in existence is a recording of the dedication of NBC/WRCs Washington studios on May 22,1958. As Dwight D. Eisenhower spoke at the event, introduced by NBC President Robert W. Sarnoff, eastern time on June 30,2016, leading into the stations 11,00 p. m. late newscast. All NBC network programming remained on WRC-TV the following day with Today, at the time of its sign-on, channel 4 was one of two wholly network-owned stations in Washington, the other being DuMonts WTTG. DuMont was shut down in 1956, and for the next 30 years WRC-TV was Washingtons only network owned-and-operated station, Today, WRC is one of three network-owned stations in the nations capital, alongside the Fox Television Stations-owned duopoly of WTTG and WDCA. The stations digital signal continued to broadcasts on its pre-transition UHF channel 48, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the stations virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 4. WRC-TV also has a Mobile DTV feed of subchannel 4.1, labelled WRC NBC Mobile and this is the lowest bitrate of any D. C. -area television station mobile feed. In July 2009, the Washington, D. C. markets television stations became a test market for Mobile DTV, like all of the D. C. -area Mobile DTV broadcasters, WRC-TV commenced full-time ATSC-M/H broadcasting on February 27,2011. Syndicated programs broadcast by WRC-TV include Access Hollywood, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, WRC-TV is one of the four NBC owned-and-operated stations that does not carry the newsmagazine show Extra. m. WRC-TV presently broadcasts 40 hours of locally produced newscasts each week, by 2001, WRCs newscasts had all been rated number one in the market, with some of the success attributed to the long-running 6pm anchor team of Jim Vance and Doreen Gentzler
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Foam rubber
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Foam rubber refers to rubber that has been manufactured with a foaming agent to create an air-filled matrix structure. Commercial foam rubbers are generally made of polyurethane or natural latex. Latex foam rubber, used in mattresses, is known for its endurance. Foam rubber was first produced in 1929 by Dunlop Rubber researcher chemist Eric Owen using whipped latex, in 1937 isocyanate based materials were first used for the formation of foam rubbers, after World War II styrene-butadiene rubber replaced many natural types of foam. Foam rubbers have been used commercially for a range of applications since around the 1940s. Currently, polyurethane-based foams make up over 90%, by weight, the largest amount of polyurethane is used by these industries, construction, transportation, home furniture, noise and vibration reduction, and carpet. Construction uses 27% of polyurethane, and transportation uses 21%, flexible foam is the leading material usage at 44% total volume, and rigid foam material at 28% of the United States market. Rates of polymerization can range from minutes to just a few seconds. Fast reacting polymers feature short cycle periods and require the use of machinery to mix the reacting agents. Slow polymers may be mixed by hand, but require long periods on mixing, product processing can range from a variety of techniques including, but not limited to spraying, open pouring, and molding. Material preparation Liquid and solid material generally arrive on location via rail or truck, when producing slabstock typically two or more polymers streams are used. Mixing Open pouring, better known as continuous dispensing is used primarily in the formation of rigid, specific amounts of chemicals are mixed into a mixing head, much like an industrial blender. The foam is poured onto a belt, where it then cures for cutting. Curing and Cutting After curing on the belt the foam is then forced through a horizontal band saw. This band saw cuts the pieces in a set size for the application, further processing Once cut and cured the slabstock can either be sold or a lamination process can be applied. This process turns the slabstock into a foam board known as boardstock. Boardstock is used for metal roof insulation, oven insulation, the main physical properties of foam rubber are generalized as being “Lightweight, buoyant, cushioning performance, thermal and acoustic insulation, impact dampening and cost reduction”. Crosslinking technology is used in the formation of EVA based foams, including LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, PP, crosslinking is the most important characteristic in the production of foam rubber to obtain the best possible foam expansion and physical properties
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