1.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
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Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn)
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Thomas Jefferson High School was a high school in the East New York section of Brooklyn, New York. It was the alma mater of many people who grew up in the Great Depression and World War II and rose to prominence in the arts, literature, and other fields. In 2007, the New York City Department of Education closed the school, Thomas Jefferson High school, located at 400 Pennsylvania Avenue, had its groundbreaking in 1922 with New York City mayor John Francis Hylan officiating. Thomas Jefferson was one of seven high schools in New York to receive a M. P. Moller pipe organ in the 1920s. In 1991, Darryl Sharpe, a student who was an innocent bystander, was shot to death in the school. Another youth was trying to help his brother in a fistfight, drew a gun, the three shots killed the 16-year-old student and critically wounded a teacher, Robert Anderson, who was approaching to intervene. In 1992, a 15-year-old student at the school two other students, who died thereafter, in the hallway an hour before then-mayor David Dinkins was supposed to tour the school. In 2007, the New York City Department of Education closed the school, in New York City overall in 2015, just over 78 percent of New York State students who entered high school in 2011 graduated on time according to state officials. However, the percentage is 88 percent for students and only 65 percent for black. TJHS yearbooks online, 1927-1987 intro Thomas Jefferson High School Alumni Association Alumni website, ad-free
4.
Brooklyn College
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Brooklyn College is a senior college of the City University of New York, located in the Midwood neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. Brooklyn Colleges origin began in 1910 with the establishment of a division of the City College for Teachers. The school then began offering evening classes for male college students in 1917. With the merger of these branches, Brooklyn College became the first public coeducational liberal arts college in New York City, the colleges 26-acre campus is known for its beauty, and is often regarded as the poor mans Harvard because of its low tuition and reputation for respectable academics. In 1932, the architect Randolph Evans drafted a plan for the campus on a large plot of land his employer owned in the Midwood section of Brooklyn. He sketched out a Georgian-style campus facing a central quadrangle, Evans presented the sketches to the president of the college at the time, Dr. William A. Boylan. Boylan was pleased with the plans, and the lot of land was purchased for $1.6 million, construction of the new campus began in 1935, with a groundbreaking ceremony attended by then Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and Brooklyn Borough President Raymond Ingersoll. In 1936, then-President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt went to Brooklyn College to lay the cornerstone of the Brooklyn College Gymnasium, President Boylan, Borough President Ingersoll, and President Roosevelt all had buildings on Brooklyn Colleges campus named after them. The campus located in Midwood became the only Brooklyn College campus after the schools Downtown Brooklyn campus was shut down during the 1975 budget emergency, Brooklyn Colleges campus East Quad today looks much as it did when it was originally constructed. The campus also serves as home to the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts complex and its four theaters, the demolition of Gershwin Hall, replaced by The Leonard & Claire Tow Center for the Performing Arts, is the most recent construction on an evolving campus. Other changes to the design include the demolition of Plaza Building, due to its inefficient use of space, poor ventilation. To replace Plaza Building the college constructed West Quad Center, designed by the notable Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly, the new building contains classroom space, offices, gymnasiums and a swimming pool. It houses the offices of Registration, Admissions, Financial Aid, the grounds contain a quadrangle with grassy areas and trees. New façades are being constructed on Roosevelt and James halls where they connected with Plaza Building. The 2009–10 CUNYAC championship mens team now plays its home games in the West Quad Center. This follows a major renovation that saw the library moved to a temporary home while construction took place. The Brooklyn College library is now located in its location in a completely renovated and expanded LaGuardia Hall. Noted as one of the most beautiful in the United States, in 2006, the Core Curriculum was revamped, and the 13 required courses were replaced with 15 courses in 3 disciplines, from which students were required to take 11
5.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
6.
Cornell University
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Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornells motto, the university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the nation and the one in New York. Of its seven colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York system, including its agricultural. Of Cornells graduate schools, only the college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension program in every county of New York. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens are considered. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race, the student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and more than 120 countries. Cornell University was founded on April 27,1865, the New York State Senate authorized the university as the land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site, fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty, the university was inaugurated on October 7,1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day. Cornell developed as an innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a dynamo to light the grounds. Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes and it was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees. Today the university has more than 4,000 courses, since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it has partnerships with institutions in India, Singapore, and the Peoples Republic of China. Former president Jeffrey S. Lehman described the university, with its international profile. On March 9,2004, Cornell and Stanford University laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center to be built, Cornells main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake
7.
L.A. Law
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L. A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC, from September 15,1986, to May 19,1994. The series often also reflected social tensions between the senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff. In addition to its main cast, L. A. Sanders, James Avery, Gates McFadden, Bryan Cranston, pounder, Kevin Spacey, Richard Schiff, Carrie-Anne Moss, William H. Macy, Stephen Root, Christian Slater, and Lucy Liu. Several episodes of the show included celebrities such as Vanna White, Buddy Hackett. The show was popular with audiences and critics, and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run, four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series. The series was set in and around the fictitious Los Angeles-based law firm McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak, the exteriors for the law firm were shot at the Citigroup Center in downtown Los Angeles, which was known as the 444 Flower Building at the time. The show often combined humor and drama in the same episode. In the pilot episode of the series, only the back and hand of law partner Chaney, one of Chaneys final acts was to hire a new secretary, who began work on the morning Chaneys body is discovered. Later in that episode, in front of his partners, friends and his wife, the secretary at Chaneys eulogy reveals that she is transsexual, Chaney had been financially supporting her gender transition, and hired her as part of her real life test. She is then fired from her job by Douglas Brackman. This once caused problems when a client used him to set up her husband to be murdered, a running gag during Harry Hamlins tenure was to have his character, Michael Kuzak, always shown picking, scrutinizing, and eating pastries or fruit at the morning staff meetings. He was the one who ate from the mountains of food provided. To some extent, the sexual peccadilloes of almost the entire cast would become fodder for episodes of the series. After Grace van Owen makes a comment that Michael Kuzak would have to be a monkey before shed be interested in him, Douglas Brackman becomes involved with a sex therapist. Benny Stulwicz, an intellectually disabled clerk at the office, has sex with the disabled daughter of a client of the firm. Leland McKenzie and Rosalind Shays, antagonists, secretly become lovers, Douglas Brackman, their boss, is also arrested in the mayhem of the riots as he is on his way to get remarried. In one scene later in the series, the writers enacted an inside joke, in her final scene, the character of Rosalind Shays steps into the empty shaft and falls to her death. The name Chaney remains in the name of the law firm, despite changes in personnel
8.
NYPD Blue
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NYPD Blue is an American police procedural drama television series set in New York City, exploring the struggles of the fictional 15th Precinct detective squad in Manhattan. Each episode typically intertwines several plots involving an ensemble cast, the series was originally broadcast on the ABC network, debuted on September 21, 1993‚ and aired its final episode on March 1,2005. It was ABCs longest-running primetime one-hour drama series until Greys Anatomy surpassed it in 2016, in 1997, True Confessions, written by Art Monterastelli and directed by Charles Haid, was ranked #36 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. Produced by 20th Century Fox and Steven Bochco Productions, film production took place in the greater Los Angeles area. The show did film in New York but only for shots that used New York landmarks. In the final season the show was filmed only in Los Angeles to save money, exterior shots of the 15th Precinct used the former 9th Precinct building on Fifth Street in New York City, also used for Kojak. Once it was demolished, the façade was recreated on a Los Angeles lot, the show was initially a vehicle for David Caruso. John Kelly was the character, and the first season revolved around him. Promo shots for the show depicted Caruso in the foreground and other first-season characters set off behind him, Season 2 saw the departure of John Kelly, and the show was thereafter built around an ensemble cast. His co-stars included Jimmy Smits as Det, Bobby Simone, Rick Schroder as Det. Danny Sorenson, and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Det, John Clark, Jr. John Kelly and Andy Sipowicz are detectives in the 15th squad. Sipowicz is the partner but is an alcoholic who drinks on the job as well as off-duty. Kelly has an affection for his partner but becomes increasingly exasperated by Sipowiczs behavior. In addition to his alcoholism, Sipowicz is a negative, misogynist. In the pilot, Sipowicz is shot by a suspect he had attacked and humiliated earlier and this leads to his decision to sober up and save his job. While Sipowicz is recuperating, the lieutenant, Arthur Fancy, teams Kelly with a young cop from Anti-Crime. Kellys personal life is as frenetic as his professional life and he is reluctantly going through a divorce from his wife, Laura, and is embarking on an affair with a uniformed cop, Janice Licalsi. To complicate matters further, Licalsis police officer father is on the payroll of mob boss Angelo Marino, Licalsi, in an attempt to protect her father, has been ordered to do a hit on Kelly
9.
The West Wing
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The West Wing is an American serial political drama television series created by Aaron Sorkin that was originally broadcast on NBC from September 22,1999, to May 14,2006. The West Wing was produced by Warner Bros, for the first four seasons, there were three executive producers, Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, and John Wells. The West Wing received acclaim from critics, as well as praise from political science professors, in total, The West Wing won three Golden Globe Awards and 26 Emmy Awards, including the award for Outstanding Drama Series, which it won four consecutive times from 2000 through 2003. In the years since its run, it has appeared on lists of the greatest television dramas ever made. The Writers Guild of America also ranked it #10 in its 101 Best-Written TV Series list, the West Wing employed a broad ensemble cast to portray the many positions involved in the daily work of the federal government. The President, the First Lady, and the Presidents senior staff, numerous secondary characters, appearing intermittently, complement storylines that generally revolve around this core group. Sam Seaborn is the Deputy Communications Director and he departs the White House following the re-election of President Bartlet to run for Congress. He is recruited to become Santos Deputy Chief of Staff at the series end, mandy Hampton is Josh Lymans ex-girlfriend and a media consultant contracted by the Bartlet administration. She departs without explanation following the first season, charlie Young is originally the Personal Aide to the President and later a Deputy Special Assistant to the Chief of Staff. He is in a relationship with Zoey Bartlet, at the series end he begins to study law at Georgetown. She succeeds Leo McGarry as Chief of Staff and departs White House at the end of the Bartlet administration, post-series, she marries Danny Concannon and has a child. He is fired from the Bartlet administration during a leak investigation and he has twin children with his ex-wife who is a congresswoman from Maryland. Leo McGarry, Bartlets close personal friend and Chief of Staff, following a heart attack, he becomes Counselor to the President, and later the Democratic Candidate for Vice President. Josh Lyman, is the Deputy Chief of Staff to Leo McGarry and C. J. Cregg, when Santos is elected, Josh becomes White House Chief of Staff. Josiah Jed Bartlet is the President of the United States, an economist by training, he is a former Congressman and Governor from New Hampshire who unexpectedly won the Democratic Party nomination. He suffers from multiple sclerosis, a fact he hides from the electorate. Donna Moss is the Senior Assistant to Josh Lyman and she later departs to be a spokesperson for the Russell campaign and then the Santos campaign. Upon Santos election, she becomes Chief of Staff to the First Lady, abbey Bartlet is the First Lady, Jeds wife, and a physician
10.
Sons of Anarchy
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Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter. It follows the lives of an outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming. The show stars Charlie Hunnam as Jackson Jax Teller, initially the vice president of the club, brotherhood, loyalty and redemption are constant themes. Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 3,2008, on cable network FX, the series third season attracted an average of 4.9 million viewers per week, making it FXs highest rated series ever, surpassing FXs other hits The Shield, Nip/Tuck and Rescue Me. The season 4 and 5 premieres were the two highest-rated telecasts in FXs history, the sixth season aired from September 10,2013, through December 10,2013. The seventh and final season of the series premiered on September 9,2014, the series finale premiered on December 9,2014. Topics such as vigilantism, government corruption and racism are explored as well how a motorcycle club can be an analogy for human transformation. Real life Oakland Hells Angel David Labrava served as an adviser to Kurt Sutter. He also played one of the main characters, Happy Lowman. In November 2013, Sutter indicated he was in talks with FX to make a Sons of Anarchy prequel set in the 1960s, in February 2015, he said he would not work on the prequel, likely to be titled The First 9, before 2017. As of May 11,2016, a series is in the works. In November 2016 FX officially announced the development of spin off series Mayans MC, centered around Latino culture, which will likely include past SOA characters in cameo roles. Each season involves two parallel lines that intertwine and overlap, the first centers on the personal life of Jackson Jax Teller. SAMCRO is involved with gun-running throughout the western United States and deals with many rival gangs and politicians, as Vice-President and later President of SAMCRO, Jax struggles with the everyday dealings of the club and the legacy of his father, the founder of the club. SAMCRO is said to resemble the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, hence the appearances from David LaBrava, Chuck Zito, Rusty Coones, in the pilot episode, Jaxs heroin-addicted ex-wife Wendy overdoses while pregnant with his child. An emergency C-section is performed, and a boy is delivered 10 weeks prematurely. Wendy had already named the child Abel, Jax visits a storage unit to collect some old baby clothes. There, he discovers a manifesto authored by his father, the founder of SAMCRO
11.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
12.
Dexter (TV series)
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Dexter is an American television crime drama mystery series that aired on Showtime from October 1,2006, to September 22,2013. The shows first season was derived from the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter and it was adapted for television by screenwriter James Manos, Jr. who wrote the first episode. Subsequent seasons evolved independently of Lindsays works, in February 2008, reruns began to air on CBS, although the reruns on CBS ended after one run of the first season. The series has enjoyed positive reviews throughout its run and popularity. Season four aired its finale on December 13,2009, to a record-breaking audience of 2.6 million viewers. In April 2013, Showtime announced that season eight would be the season of Dexter. The season-eight premiere was the most watched Dexter episode with more than 3 million viewers total for all airings that night, the original broadcast of the series finale—shown at 9 pm on September 22, 2013—drew 2.8 million viewers, the largest overall audience in Showtimes history. For the seasonal plots, see Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, to satisfy his interest in blood and to facilitate his own crimes, Dexter works as a forensic technician specializing in bloodstain pattern analysis, for the Miami Metro Police Department. Although his drive to kill is unflinching, he is able to simulate, Dexter, Early Cuts is an animated web series that premiered on October 25,2009. Michael C. Hall reprises his role as the voice of Dexter, the webisodes are animated with 2. 5D style, where flat two-dimensional illustrations are brought to life in three-dimensional space. The first season was created and written by Dexter producer/writer Lauren Gussis and she was nominated for a Webby for her writing on the first season. The first web series precedes the current narrative of the show, each victims story is split into four two-minute chapters. A second season of the web series titled Dexter, Early Cuts, Dark Echo, one story in six chapters and it was written by Tim Schlattmann and illustrated by Bill Sienkiewicz and David Mack. The story begins immediately following Dexters adoptive father Harrys death, although the series is set in Miami, Florida, many of the exterior scenes are filmed in Long Beach, California. Many landmark buildings and locations in Long Beach are featured throughout the series, the finale episodes airport scene takes place at Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California. In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign, mobile phone owners received the following unsolicited SMS messages addressed to them by name with no identifying information other than being from Dexter, Hello. Im heading to the UK sooner than you might think, the SMS-message was followed by an email directing the user to an online video news report about a recent spree of killings. While the marketing campaign succeeded in raising the profile of the show, it proved unpopular with many mobile owners, in response to complaints about the SMS element of the campaign, Fox issued the following statement, The shows lead actor, Michael C
13.
Running Scared (1986 film)
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Hines and Crystal play Chicago police officers who, after nearly being killed on the job, decide to retire and open a bar in Key West, only to get caught up in making one last arrest before they go. The film was produced and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Ray Hughes and Danny Costanzo are two detectives working Chicagos North Side, known for their wisecracking demeanors and unorthodox police methods, which get results in their various cases. One such case involves trying to bust up-and-coming drug dealer Julio Gonzales, after arresting Snake, one of Julio’s associates, they convince him to wear a wire in order to get the necessary evidence to put Julio away. When they approach the place they find that Gonzales has acquired a large store of Israeli Uzi submachine guns. Snake is setting the detectives up, however, prompting the detectives to rush in by acting as though Gonzales was preparing to kill him. Gonzales reveals his ambition to be the godfather of Chicago, but chastises Snake for letting the detectives get close. The pair look as though they will be killed for sure, in the ensuing gun battle, most of Julio’s gang escape, but Ray and Danny capture Gonzales. Back at the station Ray and Danny expect to be praised, on vacation in Key West, Florida, the pair begin to question their career choice after the experience and decide to retire and open a bar. When they return to Chicago and inform the captain of their intentions, incensed, they vow to capture Gonzales before retiring, but by being a little more careful in the process. Logan wants the replacements to be the best of the worst and orders them never to let him catch them doing anything Ray, during one of the attempts to capture Gonzales, Ray and Danny confiscate a large shipment of cocaine coming from Colombia. In order to get back, Gonzales kidnaps Danny’s ex-wife Anna, whom he still loves and has been trying to reconcile with. Danny agrees, leading to the final confrontation inside the atrium of the James R. Thompson Center. During the ensuing firefight, Danny and Ray ironically rescue their would-be protégés in a way similar to their own rescuing, Anna and Danny reconcile and he and Ray decide not to retire after all. Gregory Hines as Ray Hughes Billy Crystal as Danny Costanzo Steven Bauer as Det, frank Sigliano Darlanne Fluegel as Anna Costanzo Joe Pantoliano as Snake Dan Hedaya as Captain Logan Jon Gries as Det. I said I wanted to make it about two cops in Chicago who don’t retire. There were a lot of cop movies around at that time, so I wanted Billy Crystal and Gregory Hines, and I got them and they were wonderful together. Running Scared was a box office success, earning over $38 million. Reviews were mixed, however, and the film has a current 60% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, film critic Roger Ebert recommended it, saying that the film “transcends its dreary roots and turns out to be a lot of fun”
14.
New York City Police Department
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The New York City Police Department, officially the City of New York Police Department, is the largest municipal police force in the United States. Established in 1845, the agency has primary responsibilities in law enforcement, the NYPD is one of the oldest police departments established in the U. S. tracing its roots back to the nineteenth century. According to the department, its mission is to enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear, the departments regulations are compiled in title 38 of the New York City Rules. In June 2004, there were about 40,000 sworn officers plus several thousand employees, in June 2005. As of December 2011, that figure increased slightly to over 36,600, the NYPDs current authorized uniformed strength is 34,450. The Patrolmens Benevolent Association of the City of New York, the largest municipal police union in the United States, represents over 50,000 active, the NYPD Intelligence Division & Counter-Terrorism Bureau has officers stationed in 11 cities internationally. In the 1990s the department developed a CompStat system of management which has also since established in other cities. The NYPD is headquartered at 1 Police Plaza, located on Park Row in Lower Manhattan across the street from City Hall, the NYPD has extensive crime scene investigation and laboratory resources, as well as units which assist with computer crime investigations. The NYPD runs a Real Time Crime Center, essentially a search engine. A Domain Awareness System, a joint project of Microsoft and the NYPD, links 6,000 closed-circuit television cameras, license plate readers, members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, some media and their own police cars by the nickname New Yorks Finest. The Municipal Police were established in 1845, replacing an old night watch system, in 1857, it was tumultuously replaced by a Metropolitan force, which consolidated many other local police departments in 1898. Twentieth-century trends included professionalization and struggles against corruption, Officers begin service with the rank of Probationary Police Officer, also referred to as Recruit Officer. After successful completion of six months of Police Academy training and various academic, physical, There are three career tracks in the NYPD, supervisory, investigative, and specialist. The supervisory track consists of 12 sworn titles, referred to as ranks, promotion to the ranks of sergeant, lieutenant, and captain are made via competitive civil service examinations. Promotion from the rank of police officer to detective is determined by the current police labor contract, the entry level appointment to detective is third grade or specialist. The commissioner may grant discretionary grades of first or second and these grades offer compensation roughly equivalent to that of supervisors. Specifically, a second grade detectives pay roughly corresponds to a sergeants, Detectives are police officers who have been given a more investigatory position but no official supervisory authority. A Detective First Grade still falls under the command of a sergeant or above, just like detectives, sergeants and lieutenants can receive pay grade increases within their respective ranks
15.
Bobby Simone
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Robert Bobby Simone is a fictional character in the television series NYPD Blue. He was played by Jimmy Smits from near the start of the season until the beginning of the sixth. Simone was introduced to the squad after Andy Sipowiczs former partner and his previous job had been as a driver for the police commissioner, a role that initially riled Sipowicz. However, Simone explained that he had asked for the job so he could spend time with his wife as she was dying from cancer. An early bond and friendship between them was enough that Andy asked Simone to step in after John Kelly couldnt make it back to New York for Sipowiczs wedding to Sylvia Costas. Bobby and Andy became great friends and partners, although Bobby did not let Andy get away with making racist comments around him. In one episode, when Simone is dealing with a suspect who assumes he is Puerto Rican, Simone retorts that he is of French and Portuguese descent, early on in his time in the squad Simone started a relationship with Diane Russell, another cop in the office. Simone earlier had to convince Diane that she had a problem but was a source of strength. The couple also conceived a child, but Diane had a miscarriage in season 5, in that seasons finale, Bobby and Diane were married at City Hall. Shortly after the wedding, Simone contracted a critical heart infection that required a heart transplant and he was succeeded as Andys parter by Danny Sorenson. Bobby returned, in an episode of the final season, as a spirit offering guidance
16.
Matt Santos
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Matthew Vincente Matt Santos is a fictional character on the American television show The West Wing, played by Jimmy Smits. His initial appearance was as a Democratic U. S, representative from Houston, Texas, and he was elected to succeed Josiah Bartlet as President in the final episodes of the series. According to David Remnicks biography of Barack Obama, The Bridge, Santos, a Catholic, was born at St. Josephs Hospital in Houston, Texas. He was born in either 1963 or in 1961, one of seven children born to Luis and Marita Santos, he grew up in the Second Ward — the oldest Mexican-American neighborhood in Houston and home to six generations of the Santos family. Luis Santos was a barber, while Marita Santos was a domestic servant and he has been married to Helen Santos for 15 years, and they have two children, Peter and Miranda, who are 11 and 5, respectively, at the time of their fathers inauguration. Santos attended Jackson Middle School and Austin High School in Houston and he then attended the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating at the top of his class with a degree in engineering. At Annapolis, he played football until he injured his knee, after graduating he was commissioned as an officer in the United States Marine Corps. Santos was an aviator, qualified on carrier-based fighter aircraft. Since leaving active duty in 1993, he has served in the United States Marine Corps Reserves, Santos was elected to Houston City Council, where he served for two years until his election as mayor. He served for four years as mayor, during which he opened four new health-care clinics to serve Houstons families, as mayor, Santos also created a new housing assistance program to make rent more affordable for the citys 2 million residents. Santos was then elected to the United States House of Representatives during the 2000 midterm elections representing the 18th Congressional District and served for three terms. Santos is first seen in 2005 as a member of United States House of Representatives, who is regarded as an effective legislator, despite his age and policy savvy, Santos is about to retire due to his frustration with Washington politics. He plans to return to Houston and open more health-care clinics alongside those he created while he was that citys mayor, however, then Deputy White House Chief of Staff Josh Lyman persuades him to run for president of the United States and becomes his campaign manager. However, as the progress, Santos rises to third place in most opinion polls. On the day before the California primary, Hoynes is engulfed in a sex scandal, one of his major presidential campaign platform planks is the reform of public education in the United States. Santos says the year should be at least 240 days out of the year. He also supports abolishing teacher tenure in order to increase accountability, as he gained momentum, Congressman Santos won many more states. Prior to the convention, Santos turned down Russells offer of the vice-presidential nomination, the Pennsylvanian drew delegate votes from all of the candidates and extended the balloting to an unprecedented third day
17.
Bail Organa
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This list of characters from the Star Wars franchise contains only those which are considered part of the official Star Wars canon. C-3PO and R2-D2 are the characters to appear in all films to date
18.
Rogue One
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It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the first installment of the Star Wars Anthology series, the cast includes Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Riz Ahmed, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker. Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, principal photography on the film began at Elstree Studios near London during early August 2015 and wrapped in February 2016. The film went through extensive reshoots and additional filming in mid-June 2016, the film premiered in Los Angeles on December 10,2016, and was released in the United States on December 16,2016. The film has grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2016 and it received two Academy Awards nominations for Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects. Research scientist Galen Erso and his family are in hiding on the planet Lahmu, Imperial weapons developer Orson Krennic arrives to press him into completing the Death Star, a space station-based superweapon capable of destroying planets. Galens wife Lyra is killed in the confrontation while their daughter Jyn escapes and is taken to safety by Rebel extremist Saw Gerrera, fifteen years later, cargo pilot Bodhi Rook defects from the Empire, smuggling a holographic message from Galen to Gerrera on the desert moon Jedha. Cassian is covertly ordered by General Draven, an Alliance military officer, with the aid of blind spiritual warrior Chirrut Îmwe and his mercenary friend Baze Malbus, Jyn makes contact with Gerrera, who has been holding Rook captive. On the Death Star, Krennic orders a low-powered shot from the superlaser to destroy Jedhas capital, Jyn and her group take Rook and flee the planet, but Gerrera remains to die with the city. Grand Moff Tarkin congratulates Krennic before using Rooks defection and security leak as a pretext to take control of the project, Rook leads the group to Galens Imperial research facility on the planet Eadu, where Cassian chooses not to kill Galen. When Krennic orders Galens team killed for causing the security leak, the research team is executed anyway. Jyn makes her presence known moments before Rebel bombers attack the facility, Galen is wounded and dies in his daughters arms, before she escapes with her group on board a stolen Imperial cargo shuttle. Krennic is summoned by Darth Vader, to answer for the attack on Eadu, Krennic seeks his support for an audience with the Emperor, Vader ignores it and orders him instead to ensure no further leaks about the Death Star occur. Jyn proposes a plan to steal the Death Star schematics using the Rebel fleet but fails to get approval from the Alliance Council, frustrated at their inaction, Jyns group is supported by a small squad of Rebel volunteers intent on raiding the databank themselves. The Rebel fleet learns about the raid from intercepted Imperial communications, K-2SO sacrifices himself so Jyn and Cassian can retrieve the data. Îmwe is killed after activating the switch to allow communication with the Rebel fleet. Rook is killed by a grenade after informing the Rebel fleet that it must deactivate the shield surrounding the planet to allow the transmission of the schematics, Malbus dies in battle shortly after. Jyn and Cassian seize the schematics, but they are ambushed by Krennic, Krennic corners Jyn, declaring the Empires victory, but Cassian, who has survived, shoots and wounds Krennic
19.
Birth certificate
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A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term birth certificate can refer to either the document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by such as a midwife or doctor, the documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization, especially in China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Persia. The original purpose of statistics was for tax purposes and for the determination of available military manpower. Births were initially registered with churches, who maintained registers of births and this practice continued into the 19th century. The compulsory registration of births with governmental agencies is a practice originated in the United Kingdom in 1853. The United States did not get a system until 1902. Most countries have statutes and laws that regulate the registration of births, the actual record of birth is stored with a government agency. That agency will issue certified copies or representations of the birth record upon request. The certification is signed and/or sealed by the registrar or other custodian of birth records, despite 191 countries ratifying the Convention, the births of millions of children worldwide go unregistered. This phenomenon disproportionately impacts indigenous populations and even in developed countries, contributes to difficulties in fully accessing civic rights. Retrospective registration may be necessary where there is a backlog of children whose births have gone unregistered, in Senegal, the government is facilitating retrospective registration through free local court hearings and the number of unregistered children has fallen considerably as a result. In Sierra Leone, the government gave the National Office of Births and Deaths special permission to issue birth certificates to children over seven, in Bolivia, there was a successful three-year amnesty for the free registration of young people aged between 12 and 18. Statelessness, or the lack of nationality, impacts the daily lives of some 11-12 million people around the world. Perhaps those who suffer most are stateless infants, children, though born and raised in their parents’ country of habitual residence, they lack formal recognition of their existence. States and territories of Australia are responsible for the issuance of certificates, through agencies generally titled Registry of Births Deaths. Initially registering a birth is done by a hospital through a Birth Registration Statement or similar, home births are permitted, but a statement is required from a registered midwife, doctor or 2 other witnesses other than the parents. Unplanned births require in some states that the baby be taken to a hospital within 24 hours, once registered, a separate application can be made for a birth certificate, generally at a cost
20.
Paramaribo
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Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 240,000 people, almost half of Surinames population, the historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002. The city is named for the Paramaribo tribe living at the mouth of the Suriname River, the name Paramaribo is probably a corruption of the name of an Indian village, Parmirbo. This was the location of the first Dutch settlement, a trading post established by Nicolaes Baliestel, English and French traders also tried to establish settlements in Suriname, including a French post established in 1644 near present-day Paramaribo. The Dutch settlement was abandoned some time before the arrival of English settlers in 1650, the settlers were sent by the English governor of Barbados, Lord Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham, and established a town on the site of Paramaribo. The town was protected by a fort, called Fort Willoughby, in 1662, Governor Willoughby was granted the settlement and surrounding lands by King Charles II. In 1667, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Paramaribo was conquered by a squadron of ships under Abraham Crijnssen, the Treaty of Breda in 1667, confirmed Paramaribo as the leading town of the now Dutch colony of Suriname. The fort protecting Paramaribo was renamed Fort Zeelandia in honor of the Dutch province that had financed Crijnssen’s fleet, the population of Paramaribo has always been very diverse. Among the first British settlers were many Jews and one of the oldest synagogues in the Americas is found in Paramaribo, the population of the town was greatly increased after 1873, when former slaves were allowed to stop working for their former masters and leave the sugar plantations. Paramaribo has remained the capital of Suriname, from its colonial days through the independence of Suriname in 1975 to the present day, the old town has suffered many devastating fires over the years, notably in January 1821 and September 1832. In 1987 an administrative reorganization took place in Suriname and the city was divided into 12 administrative jurisdictions, the city is located on the Suriname River, approximately 15 kilometres inland from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Paramaribo district. Evolution of Paramaribo Paramaribo features a tropical rainforest climate, under the Köppen climate classification, the city has no true dry season, all 12 months of the year average more than 60 mm of rainfall, but the city does experience noticeably wetter and drier periods during the year. During autumn is the driest period of the year in Paramaribo, Paramaribo on average receives roughly 2200 mm of rainfall each year. Paramaribo has a population of 240,924 people, in the past decades a significant number of Brazilians, Guyanese and new Chinese immigrants have settled in Paramaribo. Paramaribo is the business and financial centre of Suriname, all banks, insurance corporations and other financial and commercial companies are headquartered in Paramaribo. Around 75 percent of Surinames GDP is consumed in Paramaribo, tourism is an increasingly important sector, with most visitors coming from the Netherlands. Administratively, Paramaribo forms its own district in Suriname, the resorts of Paramaribo district therefore correspond to boroughs of the city. There are twelve resorts in the Paramaribo district, Paramaribo is served by the Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport, the Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge, which is part of the East-West Link, connects Paramaribo with Meerzorg on the other side of the Suriname River
21.
Suriname
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Suriname, officially known as the Republic of Suriname, is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, at just under 165,000 square kilometers, it is the smallest country in South America. Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000, most of live on the countrys north coast, in and around the capital and largest city. Long inhabited by cultures of indigenous tribes, Suriname was explored and contested by European powers before coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century. In 1954, the country one of the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its indigenous peoples have been active in claiming land rights and working to preserve their traditional lands. Suriname is considered to be a culturally Caribbean country, and is a member of the Caribbean Community, while Dutch is the official language of government, business, media, and education, Sranan, an English-based creole language, is a widely used lingua franca. Suriname is the territory outside Europe where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population. The people of Suriname are among the most diverse in the world, spanning a multitude of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups. This area was occupied by cultures of indigenous peoples long before European contact, remnants of which can be found in petroglyph sites at Werehpai. The name Suriname may derive from a Taino indigenous people called Surinen, British settlers, who founded the first European colony at Marshalls Creek along the Suriname River, spelled the name as Surinam. When the territory was taken over by the Dutch, it part of a group of colonies known as Dutch Guiana. The official spelling of the countrys English name was changed from Surinam to Suriname in January 1978, a notable example is Surinames national airline, Surinam Airways. The older English name is reflected in the English pronunciation, /ˈsʊrᵻnæm/ or /ˈsʊrᵻnɑːm/, in Dutch, the official language of Suriname, the pronunciation is, with the main stress on the third syllable and a schwa terminal vowel. Indigenous settlement of Suriname dates back to 3,000 BC, the largest tribes were the Arawak, a nomadic coastal tribe that lived from hunting and fishing. They were the first inhabitants in the area, the Carib also settled in the area and conquered the Arawak by using their superior sailing ships. They settled in Galibi at the mouth of the Marowijne River, while the larger Arawak and Carib tribes lived along the coast and savanna, smaller groups of indigenous peoples lived in the inland rainforest, such as the Akurio, Trió, Warrau, and Wayana. Beginning in the 16th century, French, Spanish, and English explorers visited the area, a century later, Dutch and English settlers established plantation colonies along the many rivers in the fertile Guiana plains
22.
Puerto Ricans
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Puerto Ricans are the inhabitants or citizens of Puerto Rico. It is home to people of different national origins and equate their nationality with citizenship, allegiance. Over 90% of Puerto Ricans descend from migrants from these two regions of Spain. Puerto Rico has also influenced by African culture, Afro-Puerto Ricans being a significant minority. Puerto Rico has also received immigration from other parts of Spain such as Catalonia as well as from other European countries such as France, Ireland, Italy and Germany. The population of Puerto Ricans and descendants is estimated to be between 8 and 10 million worldwide, with most living within the islands of Puerto Rico and in the United States mainland. For 2009, the American Community Survey estimates give a total of 3,859,026 Puerto Ricans classified as Native Puerto Ricans. It also gives a total of 3,644,515 of the population being born in Puerto Rico and 201,310 born in the United States, the total population born outside Puerto Rico is 322,773. Of the 108,262 who were born outside the United States,92. 9% were born in Latin America,3. 8% in Europe,2. 7% in Asia,0. 2% in Northern America. Both run-away and freed African slaves were in Puerto Rico and this interbreeding was far more common in Latin America because of those Spanish and Portuguese mercantile colonial policies exemplified by the oft-romanticized male conquistadors. All of these factors would indeed prove detrimental for the Taínos in Puerto Rico, in 1791, the slaves in Saint-Domingue, revolted against their French masters. Many of the French escaped to Puerto Rico via what is now the Dominican Republic and settled in the west coast of the island, Some Puerto Ricans are of British heritage, most notably Scottish people and English people who came to reside there in the 17th and 18th centuries. They were followed by waves from other European countries and China. During the early 20th century Jews began to settle in Puerto Rico, the first large group of Jews to settle in Puerto Rico were European refugees fleeing German–occupied Europe in the 1930s and 1940s. The second influx of Jews to the island came in the 1950s, the native Taino population began to dwindle, with the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, through disease and miscegenation. Many Spaniard men took Taino and West African wives and in the first centuries of the Spanish colonial period the island was overwhelmingly racially mixed. However, under Spanish rule, mass immigration shifted the ethnic make-up of the island, Puerto Rico went from being two-thirds black and mulatto in the beginning of the 19th century, to being nearly 80% white by the middle of the 20th century. This was compounded by more flexible attitudes to race under Spanish rule, amerindian ancestry showed less fluctuation, generally hovering between 5% and 20% irrespective of self-identified race
23.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
24.
United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico
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The Vieques, Puerto Rico Naval Training Range was located on the island of Vieques, just outside the main island of Puerto Rico. The training range was used for training at the island. The military installation ended operations in 2001 and there was a presence on the island from 1941 until 2003. The Department of the Navy started searching for a location to site a naval base during the 1940s, land was purchased between 1941 and 1950 making up two parcels making up 22,000 acres or about two-thirds of the island. Of that 8,000 acres on the end of the island was primarily used as a naval ammunition depot until the property was returned to the Municipality of Vieques on May 1,2001. The eastern end of the island was used for training exercises, ship-to-shore gunfire, air-to-ground bombing. Within that area was a 900-acre Live Impact Area used for targeting live ordnance, the LIA was located at the eastern tip of the island and away from the civilian population. The former Vieques Naval Training Range is located on the eastern half, located between these military sites lay the local civilian communities of Isabel Segunda and Esperanza. The former VNTR, which comprises approximately 14,573 acres, provided ground warfare and amphibious training for Marines, naval gunfire support training, military operations on the west side of the island had been focused on storing and processing of supplies and the disposal of waste. Sites identified for environmental clean-up include the following, A former general waste dump at a swamp in Laguna Arenas along Highway 200. The site of a 1970 underground storage tank for waste oil removed from the public works area in 1996. A former asphalt plant on the side of Route 200. An environmental baseline survey discovered a munitions open-burn/open-detonation area on the tip of the island surrounding Punta Boca Quebrada. Further surveying identified 16 possible open-burn/open-detonation sites in the area, as a result,24 acres of roads and beaches were inspected for munitions, cleared of munitions with clean up completed in December 2011. After the base was closed, Puerto Rico Governor Sila Calderon requested Vieques be placed on the U. S. National Priorities List as a designated superfund clean-up site, in addition to these, the eastern portion of the site may also include polychlorinated biphenyls, solvents and pesticides. Both US Navy and EPA are coordinating efforts to clean up Vieques, on the Munitions Response Program, the Navy recently completed an expanded range assessment at the former Vieques Naval Training Range. On September 2008, a ROD was issued for one operable unit, a ROD for AOC J, R and SWMU-7 was signed on September 21,2011 and SWMU-1 on September 29,2011. Thirty Six operable units has been investigated at the former VNTR, a decision was reached on ten sites for No action
25.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
26.
Vieques, Puerto Rico
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Vieques, in full Isla de Vieques, is an island–municipality of Puerto Rico in the northeastern Caribbean, part of an island grouping sometimes known as the Spanish Virgin Islands. Vieques is part of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and retains strong influences from 400 years of Spanish presence in the island, Vieques lies about 8 miles east of the Puerto Rican mainland, and measures about 21 miles long by 4 miles wide. Its most populated barrio Isabel Segunda, the center on the northern side of the island. The population of Vieques was 9,301 at the 2010 Census, the islands name is a Spanish spelling of an American Indian word said to mean small island. It also has the nickname Isla Nena, usually translated from the Spanish as Little Girl Island, during the colonial period, the British name was Crab Island. Today the former navy land is a wildlife refuge, with numerous beaches that still retain the names given by the navy, including Red Beach, Blue Beach. The beaches are listed among the top beaches in the Caribbean for their azure-colored waters. Archaeological evidence suggests that Vieques was first inhabited by ancient American Indian peoples who traveled from continental America perhaps between 3000 BC and 2000 BC, however, estimates of these prehistoric dates of inhabitation vary widely. These tribes had a Stone Age culture and were probably fishermen, excavations at the Puerto Ferro site by Luis Chanlatte and Yvonne Narganes uncovered a fragmented human skeleton in a large hearth area. Radiocarbon dating of shells found in the hearth indicate a date of c.1900 BCE. Linear arrays of smaller stones radiating from the boulders are apparent at the site today. Further waves of settlement by Native Americans followed over many centuries, the Arawak-speaking Saladoid people, thought to have originated in modern-day Venezuela, arrived in the region perhaps around 200 BC. These tribes, noted for their pottery, stone carving, and other artifacts, eventually merged with groups from Hispaniola and Cuba and this culture flourished in the region from around 1000 AD, and survived on Vieques until the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th century. The European discovery of Vieques is sometimes credited to Christopher Columbus and it does not seem to be certain whether Columbus personally visited Vieques, but in any case the island was soon claimed by the Spanish. During the early 16th century Vieques became a center of Taíno rebellion against the European invaders, the native Taíno population was decimated, and its people either killed, imprisoned or enslaved by the Spanish. The Spanish did not, however, permanently colonise Vieques at this time, as European powers fought for control in the region, a series of attempts by the French, English and Danish to colonise the island in the 17th and 18th centuries were repulsed by the Spanish. Scottish sovereignty of the island proved short-lived however, as a Danish ship arrived shortly afterwards, at the beginning of the 19th century, the Spanish took steps to permanently settle and secure the island. In 1811, Don Salvador Meléndez, then governor of Puerto Rico and he was instrumental in the establishment of large plantations, marking a period of social and economic change for the island
27.
Bachelor's degree
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A bachelors degree or baccalaureate is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years. In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelors degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed. The term bachelor in the 12th century referred to a knight bachelor, by the end of the 13th century, it was also used by junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word came to be associated with bacca lauri in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours. An honours degree generally requires an academic standard than a pass degree. In most African countries, the university systems follow the model of their former colonizing power, for example, the Nigerian university system is similar to the British system, while the Ivorian system is akin to the French. The degree is typically identical to the program of Frances universities, bachelors degree programs cover most of the fields in Algerian universities, except some fields, such as Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science. Bachelors degrees at the University of Botswana normally take four years, the system draws on both British and American models. Degrees are classified as First Class, Second Class Division One, Second Class Division Two and Third as in English degrees, but without being described as honours. The main degrees are named by British tradition, but in recent years there have been a numbers of degrees named after specific subjects, such as Bachelor of Library, in Morocco, a bachelors degree is referred to as al-ʾijāzah. The course of study takes three years, which are divided into two cycles. The first cycle comprises the first, or propaedeutic, year, after successfully completing their first two years, students can pursue either theoretical specialization or professional specialization. The second cycle is one long, after whose completion students receive the licence détudes fondamentales or the licence professionnelle. This academic degree system was introduced in September 2003, University admission is extremely competitive, with attendant advantages and disadvantages. Nonetheless, it takes four to five years to complete a bachelors degree, in cases of poor performance, the time limit is double the standard amount of time. For example, one may not study for more than 10 years for a five-year course, students are normally asked to leave if they must take longer. B. Arch. and other specialized undergraduate degrees, such as B. Eng, Science undergraduate degrees may require six months or a semester dedicated to SIWES but it is usually mandatory for all engineering degrees. A semester for project work/thesis is required, not excluding course work, the classifications of degrees, first-class, second-class, third-class and a pass
28.
Miami Vice
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Miami Vice was an American television crime drama series created by Anthony Yerkovich and executive produced by Michael Mann for NBC. The series starred Don Johnson as James Sonny Crockett and Philip Michael Thomas as Ricardo Rico Tubbs, the series ran for five seasons on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The USA Network began airing reruns in 1988, and broadcast an originally unaired episode during its run of the series on January 25,1990. Unlike standard police procedurals, the show drew heavily upon 1980s New Wave culture, the show became noted for its integration of music and visual effects. It has been called one of the Top 50 TV Shows, people magazine stated that Miami Vice was the first show to look really new and different since color TV was invented. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Miami Vice as the 51st greatest American television show of all time, Michael Mann directed a film adaptation of the series, which was released on July 28,2006. The initial idea was for a movie about a pair of cops in Miami. Yerkovich then turned out a script for a pilot, titled Gold Coast. Yerkovich was immediately drawn to South Florida as a setting for his new-style police show, Miami Vice was one of the first American network television programs to be broadcast in stereophonic sound. It was mixed in stereo for its run, but not actually broadcast in stereo until 1985. In keeping with the namesake, most episodes focused on combating drug trafficking. Episodes often ended in a gun battle, claiming the lives of several criminals before they could be apprehended. An undercurrent of cynicism and futility underlies the entire series, the detectives repeatedly reference the Whac-A-Mole nature of drug interdiction, with its parade of drug cartels quickly replacing those that are apprehended. Co-executive producer Yerkovich explained, The choice of music and cinematography borrowed heavily from the emerging New Wave culture of the 1980s, as such, segments of Miami Vice would sometimes use music-based stanzas, a technique later featured in Baywatch. As Lee H. Katzin, one of the directors, remarked, The show is written for an MTV audience. These elements made the series into an instant hit, and in its first season saw an unprecedented fifteen Emmy Award nominations, while the first few episodes contained elements of a standard police procedural, the producers soon abandoned them in favor of a more distinctive style. Influenced by an Art Deco revival, no earth tones were allowed to be used in the production, mickey Rourke was also considered for the role, but he turned down the offer. Larry Wilcox, of CHiPs, was also a candidate for the role of Crockett, after dozens of candidates and a twice-delayed pilot shooting, Don Johnson and Philip Michael Thomas were chosen as the vice cops
29.
James "Sonny" Crockett
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Detective James Sonny Crockett is a fictional character from the Miami Vice television series and Miami Vice. The character is portrayed by Don Johnson in the television series and he was introduced in the Miami Vice pilot in 1984 and appeared in almost all 111 episodes and in the motion picture. The character has appeared in video games and various popular culture references. James Crockett, more known as Sonny Crockett, is a former University of Florida Gators football star who had sustained an injury which put an end to his sports career. He served two tours in Vietnam – or as he calls it, the Southeast Asia Conference and he first appears in the pilot episode of Miami Vice as an undercover vice cop on the trail of a Colombian drug lord. While undercover he meets Ricardo Rico Tubbs, an NYPD undercover officer, Calderone and the Colombian are the same person. Crockett and Tubbs both go undercover as Sonny Burnett and Rico Cooper respectively, trying to get closer to Calderone and they are successful and in the end capture him. Just as they go to see him in jail, Calderone makes his $2 million bail and is on his way out of the country, Crockett promises Tubbs that they will get him, but as reconciliation asks him if he is interested in a career in Southern Law Enforcement. There begins their new partnership as Vice Cops for the Metro-Dade Police Department, at first Crockett appears somewhat hard to get along with, and have a hard exterior, but is also a rather caring and loving person. This soft side becomes evident when innocent victims die or suffer injustice as the result of others mistakes, Crockett despises those who use or deceive others self-serving reasons. He assiduously honors his own promises and commitments, and despite being a man of few words and his hard exterior stems in part from the type of work hes doing, and also from rough experiences in his past. Losing friends, partners, and other people hes close to or otherwise deeply cares about. From time to time, these experiences haunt him, and he struggles with feelings of guilt and he is very close with his friends and colleagues, Switek, Zito, Gina and Trudy, as well as with his supervisor and especially with his partner, Tubbs. Crockett is depicted as a rogue character, that lives by his own set of rules and he is often angered by. This part of the character is emphasized by the fact that he lives on a yacht moored in Miamis luxurious Miamarina. Crocketts role in the investigations decreases in the end of the series, especially after he loses his memory for a while and thinks he is Sonny Burnett and he also loses faith in his work, realizing that he cannot win the battle against all the drug cartells and crooks. Tubbs realises the same thing a little later, and two of them quit their job, and give away their badges in the episode of the series. The name Sonny Crockett had previously used for a criminal played by actor Dennis Burkley on Hill Street Blues in 1983
30.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
31.
Steven Bochco
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Steven Ronald Bochco is an American television producer and writer. He has developed a number of series, including Hill Street Blues, L. A. Law, Doogie Howser, M. D. Bochco was born as a baby, to a Jewish family in New York City, the son of Mimi, a painter, and Rudolph Bochco and he was educated in Manhattan at the High School of Music and Art. His elder sister is actress Joanna Frank, in 1961, he enrolled at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh to study playwriting and theater. He graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theater in 1966 and he wrote the story and teleplay for Columbo, Murder by the book and the teleplay only for several other episodes. He wrote the screenplay for the 1968 television movie The Counterfeit Killer and worked on Silent Running and he left Universal in 1978 to go to MTM Enterprises where he had greater scope for producing. His first effort there was the short-lived CBS police drama Paris and he achieved major success for NBC with the police drama Hill Street Blues. It ran from 1981 to 1987 and Bochco was credited as co-creator and also wrote, the series also garnered considerable critical acclaim and many awards, and was nominated for a total of 98 Emmy Awards throughout its run. Bochco was fired from MTM in 1985 following the failure of Bay City Blues, Bochco moved to 20th Century Fox where he co-created and produced L. A. Law which aired on NBC. This series was widely acclaimed and a regular award winner. Hooperman was part of a deal with ABC in 1987 to create and produce ten new television series. From this deal came Doogie Howser, M. D. and 1990s Cop Rock and it was one of his most high-profile failures. In 1992, Bochco created a television series, Capitol Critters, along with Nat Mauldin. After a lull, Bochco co-created NYPD Blue with David Milch, other projects in this period that failed to take off include Murder One, Brooklyn South, City of Angels, Philly, and Over There. All five shows failed to match Bochcos earlier success though Murder One, in 2005, Bochco took charge of Commander in Chief which was the creation of Rod Lurie and brought in a new writing team. However, in spring 2006, he left the show because of conflicts with ABC, Bochco described his experience on the show as horrible. In 2006 Bochco produced a pilot ABC show, Hollis & Rae, yet another legal drama entitled Raising the Bar was produced for TNT, this time in partnership with David Feige, although it was cancelled in December 2009 during the second season. The network executives stay the same age and I keep getting older, when I was doing my stuff at NBC with Brandon and Hill Street, we were contemporaries, says Bochco
32.
Pee-wee's Playhouse
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Pee-wees Playhouse is an American childrens television program starring Paul Reubens as the childlike Pee-wee Herman which ran from 1986 to 1991 on Saturday mornings on CBS. The show was developed from Reubens popular stage show and the TV special The Pee-wee Herman Show, produced for HBO, in 2004 and 2007, Pee-wees Playhouse was ranked #10 and #12 on TV Guides Top Cult Shows Ever. The Pee-wee Herman character was developed by Reubens into a stage show entitled The Pee-wee Herman Show in 1980. It featured many characters that would go on to appear in Playhouse, including Captain Carl, Jambi the Genie, Miss Yvonne, Pterri the Pterodactyl and Clocky. While enjoying continuous popularity with the show, Reubens teamed with young director Tim Burton in 1985 to make the comedy film Pee-wees Big Adventure. It became one of the surprise hits, costing a relatively modest $6 million to make. After seeing the success of Pee-wees Big Adventure, the CBS network approached Reubens with a cartoon series proposal. Production began in New York City in the summer of 1986 in a loft on Broadway. The show quickly acquired a dual audience of kids and grownups, Reubens, always trying to make of Pee-wee a positive role model, sought to make a significantly moral show that would teach children the ethics of reciprocity. Reubens believed that children liked the Playhouse because it was fast-paced, colorful and never talked down to them, while parents liked the Playhouse because it reminded them of the past. The Playhouse was also visited by a regular cast of characters, including Miss Yvonne, Reba The Mail Lady, Captain Carl, Cowboy Curtis. Although primarily a comedy, each episode included segments featuring puppetry, video animation and prepared sequences using Chroma-key and stock footage. Each episode also featured specially written soundtrack music by noted musicians such as Mark Mothersbaugh, Todd Rundgren, Mitchell Froom. The shows theme song performance was credited to Ellen Shaw, though in her autobiography, each episode usually contained a running gag particular to that episode, and/or a specific event or dilemma that would send Pee-wee into an emotional frenzy. The show had many recurring gags, themes, and devices, for example, at the beginning of each episode, viewers were told the days secret word and were instructed to scream real loud every time a character on the show said the word. Pee-wee would often say the word himself at the end of the episode, just before launching himself, during the closing credits, images of him were chroma-keyed together with footage of various roads and highways to make it appear that he was traveling along them. At the beginning of each episode he is seen travelling into the house, CBS and Reubens mutually agreed to end the show at the end of the 1990-91 season after 5 seasons and 45 episodes. The last original episode aired on November 17,1990, the show was replaced by reruns of The Adventures of Raggedy Ann and Andy
33.
Chicano
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Chicano or Chicana is a chosen identity of some Mexican Americans in the United States. The term Chicano is sometimes used interchangeably with Mexican-American, both names are chosen identities within the Mexican-American community in the United States. However, these terms have a range of meanings in various parts of the Southwest. The term became widely used during the Chicano Movement by Mexican Americans to express pride in a cultural, ethnic. Ultimately it was the experience of Mexican Americans in the United States which culminated in the creation of a Chicano identity. Linguists Edward R. Simmen and Richard F. Bauerle report the use of the term in an essay by Mexican-American writer, Mario Suárez, however, a gunboat, the Chicana, was sold in 1857 to Jose Maria Carvajal to ship arms on the Rio Grande. The King and Kenedy firm submitted a voucher to the Joint Claims Commission of the United States in 1870 to cover the costs of this conversion from a passenger steamer. No particular explanation of the name is known. The origin of the word chicano is disputed, some claim it is a shortened form of Mexicano. In most cases the sh sound has been replaced with the h sound, the word Chicano would have also been affected by this change. Many Chicanos replace the ch with the x, forming Xicano. In the United States, some Mexican Americans choose the Xicano spelling to emphasize their indigenous ancestry, thus, a newly emigrated Nahuatl speaker in an urban center might referred to his cultural relatives in this country, different from himself, as mexicanos, shortened to chicanos. The Indians later referred to themselves as Meshicanos and even as Shicanos, however, Chicanos generally do not agree that chicamo was ever a word used within the culture, as its assertion is thus far entirely unsubstantiated. Therefore, most self-identifying Chicanos do not agree that Chicano was ever derived from the word chicamo, another hypothesis is that chicano derives from the indigenous population of Guanajuato, the Chichimecas, combined with the word Mexicano. An alternative idea is that it is a form of Chilango. A similar notion is that the word derives from Chichen Itza, Chicano would thus be a Hispanized word for Chichen and Mayans, rather than the Aztec or Nahua people. This seems dubious, as the term is not frequently used other than in reference to Mexican Americans, is not primarily used for Chilean-Americans. Thus far, explanations of the origins of the word remain inconclusive and this is an indication that the term originated as a self-identification
34.
My Family (film)
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My Family is a 1995 independent American drama film directed by Gregory Nava, written by Nava and Anna Thomas, and starring Jimmy Smits, Edward James Olmos, and Esai Morales. The film depicts three generations of a Mexican American family who emigrated from Mexico and settled in East Los Angeles, the story is narrated by the familys oldest son, Paco. The film begins with the father of the family, José Sanchez and he travels to Los Angeles to meet a distant relative known as El Californio, who was born in the city when it was still part of Mexico. They become fast friends and grew a corn farm together, however, after several years, El Californio nears death. Shortly before dying, El Californio says he wants the following written on his tombstone, When I was born here, this was Mexico, and where I die, José meets and marries the love of his life, María, an American citizen. Twenty years later in 1958 or 1959, eldest daughter Irene is getting married, Chucho and Paco have grown up. New additions to the family include Toni, Guillermo Memo, the film begins to gain momentum after the wedding, when a series of events seal Chuchos fate. One night at a hall, Chucho is dancing with his girlfriend. This results in a knife fight between the two, and Chucho accidentally kills him. After this event, Chucho becomes a fugitive of the police, one night when Jimmy is playing ball with his friends, Chucho is shot dead by the LAPD right in front of Jimmy. Other members of the family learn of Chuchos death when they hear gunshots, as an ambulance arrives to take Chuchos lifeless body away, we hear Paco narrate how Chuchos fate had been on borrowed time. The third generation, which takes place twenty years later in the 1970s, faces situations such as acculturation, assimilation. Jimmy completes a stint in jail and returns home and it is revealed that after Chuchos death 20 years back, Jimmy became an angry man following in his footsteps becoming a fugitive like him. One day, Toni visits the Sanchez home and stuns her parents with the news that she is no longer a nun and has married a priest named David Ronconi, Toni and David become involved in helping political refugees. S. Jimmy is resistant to the idea of being a man, however, Isabel slowly makes herself at home and Jimmy has no choice. As Jimmy works on his car listening to Im Your Puppet, Isabel comes up to him and she tries to get him to dance with her on the street. At first he doesnt want to, but she succeeds in teaching him some steps. He asks her at the end of the song, Will you teach me how to salsa and it is here that Jimmy finally lets Isabel into his heart and where they both understand that although other people dont understand them, they know now who they really are together
35.
Edward James Olmos
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Edward James Olmos is an American actor and director. In the film Selena, Detective Gaff in Blade Runner, in 1988, Olmos was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the film Stand and Deliver. He has also been a pioneer for more diversified roles and images of Hispanics in the U. S. media. And Pedro Olmos, who was a welder and mail carrier and his father was a Mexican immigrant who moved to California in 1945 and his mother was Mexican American. His parents split up when he was 7 years old, and he grew up wanting to be a professional baseball player, and at age 13 joined the Los Angeles Dodgers farm system, playing as a catcher. He left baseball at age 15 to join a rock and roll band, which caused a rift with his father and he graduated from Montebello High School in 1964. While at Montebello High School, he lost a race for Student Body President to future California Democratic Party Chair Art Torres. In his teen years, he was the singer for a band he named Pacific Ocean. For several years, Pacific Ocean performed at clubs in and around Los Angeles. At the same time, he attended classes at East Los Angeles College, the play moved to Broadway, and Olmos earned a Tony Award nomination. He subsequently took the role to the version in 1981. In 1980, Olmos was cast in the science fiction film Virus, directed by Kinji Fukasaku. His role required him to play a piano while singing a Spanish ballad during the part of the film. Although not a box office success, Virus was notable for being the most expensive Japanese film ever made at the time, at this time, Olmos also starred in a short training video for the United States Postal Service entitled Was it Worth It. A video about theft in the workplace and he was contacted about playing the captain of the USS Enterprise on Star Trek, The Next Generation when it was in pre-production in 1986, but declined. He directed and starred in American Me in 1992, and also starred in My Family/Mi Familia, in 1997, he starred alongside Jennifer Lopez in the film Selena. Olmos played Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in the 2001 movie In the Time of the Butterflies and he also had a recurring role as U. S. Supreme Court Justice Roberto Mendoza in the NBC drama The West Wing. From 2002 to 2004, he starred as a widowed father of a Hispanic L. A. -family in the PBS drama American Family
36.
Jennifer Lopez
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Jennifer Lynn Lopez, also known as JLo, is an American singer, actress, dancer, fashion designer, author, and producer. Lopez gained her first high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 and she received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997, a portrayal that earned her a Golden Globe nomination. For her role in Out of Sight the following year, Lopez became the first Latina actress to earn over US$1 million for a film. She ventured into the industry in 1999 with her debut studio album On the 6. With the simultaneous release of her studio album J. Lo and her film The Wedding Planner in 2001, Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album. Her 2002 remix album, J to tha L–O, the Remixes, became the first in history to debut at number one on the U. S. Billboard 200. Following her second divorce, Lopez had a relationship with Ben Affleck. Then, while also overshadowing the release of Gigli, a critical and commercial failure and she subsequently married longtime friend Marc Anthony, and rebounded with the box office successes Shall We Dance. and Monster-in-Law. Her fifth studio album, Como Ama una Mujer, received the highest first-week sales for a debut Spanish album in the United States, in 2016, she began starring as Harlee Santos in the crime drama series Shades of Blue. Time listed her as one of the 25 most influential Hispanic Americans, for her contributions to the arts, Lopez has received a landmark star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Billboard Icon Award, among other honors. Beyond entertainment, she enjoys a successful business career consisting of various clothing lines, accessories, fragrances, a company. Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born on July 24,1969, in the Castle Hill neighborhood of The Bronx, New York, to Puerto Rican parents Guadalupe Rodríguez and she has an older sister, Leslie, and a younger sister, Lynda, a journalist. David worked the night shift at the Guardian Insurance Company before becoming a technician at the firm. When Lopez was born, the family was living in a small apartment, a few years later, her parents had saved up enough money to be able to purchase a two-story house, which was considered a big deal for the relatively poor family. At the age of five, Lopez began taking singing and dancing lessons and she toured New York with her school when she was seven years old. Her parents stressed the importance of work ethic and being able to speak English and they encouraged their three daughters to put on performances at home—singing and dancing in front of each other and their friends so that they would stay out of trouble. Lopez spent her academic career in Catholic schools, finishing at Preston High School. In school, Lopez did gymnastics, ran track on a national level and she excelled athletically rather than academically, competing in national track championships
37.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
38.
Dennis Franz
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He also portrayed Lt. Norman Buntz in the similar NBC series Hill Street Blues and its short-lived spinoff, Beverly Hills Buntz. Franz was born in Maywood, Illinois, the son of German immigrants Eleanor, a worker, and Franz Schlachta. He has two sisters, Heidi and Marlene. Franz is a graduate of Proviso East High School, Wilbur Wright College, after graduating from college, Franz was drafted into the United States Army. He served eleven months with the 82nd Airborne Division and the 101st in Vietnam, Franz began his acting career at Chicagos Organic Theater Company. Although he has in the past performed Shakespeare, his appearance led to his being typecast early in his career as a police officer and he has also guest starred in shows such as The A-Team. Other major roles were on the television series Hill Street Blues in which he played two characters over the run of that show, Franz first played the role of Detective Sal Benedetto, a corrupt cop in the 1983 season, who later kills himself. Due to his popularity with fans, he returned in 1985 as Lt. Norm Buntz and he also starred in the short-lived Beverly Hills Buntz as the same character. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Franz worked regularly with directors Brian De Palma and he appeared in three of Altmans films from this period, and five of De Palmas, most prominently as a low budget movie director in Body Double. Franz went on to win four Emmy Awards for his portrayal of Andy Sipowicz on NYPD Blue, the character of Sipowicz was ranked #23 on Bravos 100 Greatest TV Characters list. Portrait of an Ass-Grabber, in which Franz portrays Homer, on May 11,2001, Franz was a contestant on a celebrity edition of the hit television game show, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, winning $US250,000 for his charity. Franz also was a spokesman for Nextel in the early 2000s. The concept was that Franz refused to do the commercials, saying they were not something he did and it would be his last film as he spent the final years of his career on NYPD Blue. Franz has stayed out of the spotlight since 2005 to focus on his private life. He has told Access Hollywood he would be interested in returning to acting if given the right opportunity and he made a special appearance at the 2016 Primetime Emmy Awards. In 1995 Franz married Joanie Zeck, whom he met in 1982 and he is the stepfather of Zecks two daughters, Tricia and Krista, from a previous marriage. Dennis Franz at the Internet Movie Database Dennis Franz interview video at the Archive of American Television
39.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
40.
Alderaan
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Alderaan was a terrestrial planet in the fictional universe of Star Wars. It was the home of the characters Princess Leia, Bail Organa, Tycho Celchu and also, in 4000 BBY and it was destroyed by the Death Stars superlaser in 0 BBY. During the fall of the Empire, New Alderaan was named after Alderaan for the 60,000 survivors to start rebuilding the beauty of the original Planet. Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith Alderaan is seen briefly at the end of the movie where the newborn Princess Leia is taken to her adopted parents Bail Organa, the terrain of the planet appears to be mountainous in this scene. In addition, Bail Organa mentions he will be waiting for her on Alderaan, while preparing his people to go to war, for the depiction of Alderaan in Episode III, footage of mountain scenery in Grindelwald in Switzerland was used, and the city composited into the scene. Star Wars, The Clone Wars An episode in which Ahsoka Tano has premonitions of Padmes death takes place on Alderaan, Star Wars, Princess Leia Set directly after Star Wars, A New Hope, deals with Princess Leia and Evan, rescuing survivors from Alderaans destruction. It also features a flashback to Leias childhood on the planet. The Alderaanian people highly valued education, arts, architecture, poetry, the performing arts and they placed high value in their participation in the Galactic Senate. Its monarchs have borne the title of King or Queen of Alderaan. The ruler of Alderaan from the end of Revenge of the Sith to A New Hope was Queen Breha Antilles-Organa. Queen Breha was married to Bail Organa, who served a term as Senator during the events depicted in Revenge of the Sith, later serving as both prince consort and first chairman of Alderaan. Traditionally, the heir of the Alderaanian throne also served as a lawmaker, first locally in the High Council, Queen Breha and Bails heir and daughter was Princess Leia, who was serving as Senator for Alderaan in the Imperial Senate during the events depicted in A New Hope. This was to promote the Tarkin Doctrine which stated that no world, not even a world as noble, even though Princess Leia offered the location of an abandoned Rebel base, Dantooine, Tarkin thought he won, causing him to order the destruction of Alderaan. The superlaser was then fired at Alderaan, completely destroying Alderaans planetary shield upon contact, the hypermatter reactor had given the beam a superluminal boost, which upon contact with Alderaans surface, pushed a large part of the planets mass into hyperspace. The huge loss of mass forced the planet to expand rapidly like a balloon and nova, despite Princess Leias protests of Alderaans being a peaceful world with no weapons, the films novelization states that the planet had armaments as strong as any planet in the Empire. Star Wars expanded universe depictions Considered a Shining Star of the Core Worlds, wild grasslands and old mountain ranges dominated the planets surface. Ice-rimmed polar seas were the large bodies of water, though thousands of freshwater and saltwater lakes provided habitats for a large variety of flora. Alderaan was also the home-world of some of the galaxys most famous animals, such as the nerf, cities on Alderaan were often built with great care taken to protect nature
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Princess Leia
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Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan, later known as General Leia Organa, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed in films by Carrie Fisher. Introduced in the original Star Wars film in 1977, Leia is princess of the planet Alderaan, a member of the Imperial Senate and she thwarts the sinister Sith Lord Darth Vader and helps bring about the destruction of the Empires cataclysmic superweapon, the Death Star. In The Empire Strikes Back, Leia commands a Rebel base and evades Vader as she falls in love with the smuggler, Han Solo. In Return of the Jedi, Leia leads the operation to rescue Han from the crime lord Jabba the Hutt, and is revealed to be Vaders daughter and the twin sister of Luke Skywalker. The prequel film Revenge of the Sith establishes that the mother is Senator Padmé Amidala of Naboo. Leia is adopted by Senator Bail and Queen Breha Organa of Alderaan, in The Force Awakens, Leia is the founder and General of the Resistance against the First Order and has a son with Han named Ben, who goes by the name Kylo Ren. She becomes the Chief of State of the New Republic and a Jedi Master, One of the more popular Star Wars characters, Leia has been called a 1980s icon, a feminist hero and model for other adventure heroines. She has appeared in many works and merchandising, and has been referenced or parodied in several TV shows. Her cinnamon buns hairstyle from Star Wars and metal bikini from Return of the Jedi have become cultural icons, Leia was created by Star Wars creator George Lucas. In 1999, Lucas explained his early development of Leia, Luke and Obi-Wan Kenobi, The first talked about a princess, the second version involved a father, his son, and his daughter, the daughter was the heroine of the film. Now the daughter has become Luke, Mark Hamills character, There was also the story of two brothers where I transformed one of them into a sister. The older brother was imprisoned, and the sister had to rescue him. In the fourth draft it was established that Leia Organa came instead from Alderaan, Fisher was 19 when she was cast as Princess Leia, with actresses including Amy Irving, Cindy Williams and Jodie Foster also up for the role. Asked about Streep in 2015, Fisher said, Bullshit, but Jodie Foster was up for it. That one I knew the most, the second draft of the Return of the Jedi screenplay contained dialogue in which Obi-Wan tells Luke he has a twin sister. She and their mother were sent to the protection of friends in a distant system, the mother died shortly thereafter, and Lukes sister was adopted by Bens friends, the governor of Alderaan and his wife. Fisher explained in 1983, Leias real father left her mother when she was pregnant, I was adopted and grew up set apart from other people because I was a princess. Composer John Williams created a musical leitmotif for Leia which recurs throughout the Star Wars saga, Princess Leias Theme was recorded as a concert suite for the score of the 1977 film
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Star Wars: The Force Unleashed
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Star Wars, The Force Unleashed is an action-adventure video game and part of The Force Unleashed project. The game was released in North America on September 16,2008, in Australia and Southeast Asia on September 17, LucasArts released downloadable content for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles. An Ultimate Sith Edition of the game, containing new and all previously released expanded content, was released in November 2009, which also came out on Mac OS and Microsoft Windows. The project bridges the first two Star Wars trilogies, acting as a story for both the united Rebel Alliance and the Galactic Civil War depicted in the Original Trilogy. Despite this, the game was a bestseller in the United States and Australia, as of February 2010, the game has sold over seven million copies, and it is the fastest-selling Star Wars video game. A sequel, Star Wars, The Force Unleashed II, was released in October 2010, the Force Unleashed is a third-person action game in which the players characters weapons are the Force and a lightsaber. Developers treated the main characters lightsaber like another Force power, and wanted to ensure something visceral, the game has a combo system for stringing lightsaber attacks and for combining lightsaber attacks with Force powers. Experience points earned by killing enemies and finding artifacts can be used to increase Starkillers powers, the gameplay is intended to be easy to learn, the development team included horrible gamers to help ensure the games accessibility. Players can casually run and gun through the game, but the game rewards those who take a stealthy, the game includes enemies that are easy to overcome, game difficulty arises from presenting these enemies in large numbers that can wear down the players character. Additionally, enemies learn from the characters attacks, using the same attack on different characters can sometimes lead to the players character doing less damage. The enemies, which number over 50, have various strengths and weaknesses, the Force Unleashed begins with the player controlling Darth Vader as he searches Kashyyyk for the Jedi. After defeating the Jedi in battle, Vader discovers his child who is strong in the Force and raises him to become his apprentice, unbeknownst to the Emperor. When the apprentice reaches adulthood, Vader sends him to kill the remaining Jedi as training for his ultimate goal, Starkiller is given command of his own ship, the Rogue Shadow, piloted by Imperial officer Juno Eclipse, and is accompanied by PROXY, a training droid. Vader sends Starkiller to an Imperial shipyard to locate and kill General Rahm Kota, after fighting him, Starkiller blinds Kota and throws him from the shipyard. Starkiller is also sent by Vader to destroy Jedi Kazdan Paratus and Shaak Ti, presently the Emperor discovers Starkiller and Vader is forced to dispose of him, but later recovers the unconscious apprentice. Vader instructs him to form a rebellion against the Empire in order for them to distract the Emperor, Starkiller discovers a very-much alive Kota in Cloud City who has taken to living in squalor. Starkiller informs Kota of his plan to fight the Empire and they leave, during his time amassing allies, Starkiller is forced to rescue Kotas contact Bail Organa and his daughter Princess Leia to help his cause. Bail, Leia, Mon Mothma and Garm Bel Iblis meet with Starkiller, however, upon doing so, Vader arrives with Imperial soldiers and arrests the group
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United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
