1.
Brooklyn, New York
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
Brooklyn, New York
–
Clockwise from top left:
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn brownstones,
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch,
Brooklyn Borough Hall,
Coney Island
Brooklyn, New York
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Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886.
Brooklyn, New York
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Brooklyn Museum - Hooker's Map of the Village of Brooklyn
Brooklyn, New York
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A typical dining table in the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, from
The Brooklyn Museum.
2.
Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn)
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Thomas Jefferson High School was a high school in the East New York section of Brooklyn, New York. It was the alma mater of many people who grew up in the Great Depression and World War II and rose to prominence in the arts, literature, and other fields. In 2007, the New York City Department of Education closed the school, Thomas Jefferson High school, located at 400 Pennsylvania Avenue, had its groundbreaking in 1922 with New York City mayor John Francis Hylan officiating. Thomas Jefferson was one of seven high schools in New York to receive a M. P. Moller pipe organ in the 1920s. In 1991, Darryl Sharpe, a student who was an innocent bystander, was shot to death in the school. Another youth was trying to help his brother in a fistfight, drew a gun, the three shots killed the 16-year-old student and critically wounded a teacher, Robert Anderson, who was approaching to intervene. In 1992, a 15-year-old student at the school two other students, who died thereafter, in the hallway an hour before then-mayor David Dinkins was supposed to tour the school. In 2007, the New York City Department of Education closed the school, in New York City overall in 2015, just over 78 percent of New York State students who entered high school in 2011 graduated on time according to state officials. However, the percentage is 88 percent for students and only 65 percent for black. TJHS yearbooks online, 1927-1987 intro Thomas Jefferson High School Alumni Association Alumni website, ad-free
Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn)
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400 Pennsylvania Avenue
Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn)
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Danny Kaye
3.
Brooklyn College
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Brooklyn College is a senior college of the City University of New York, located in the Midwood neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. Brooklyn Colleges origin began in 1910 with the establishment of a division of the City College for Teachers. The school then began offering evening classes for male college students in 1917. With the merger of these branches, Brooklyn College became the first public coeducational liberal arts college in New York City, the colleges 26-acre campus is known for its beauty, and is often regarded as the poor mans Harvard because of its low tuition and reputation for respectable academics. In 1932, the architect Randolph Evans drafted a plan for the campus on a large plot of land his employer owned in the Midwood section of Brooklyn. He sketched out a Georgian-style campus facing a central quadrangle, Evans presented the sketches to the president of the college at the time, Dr. William A. Boylan. Boylan was pleased with the plans, and the lot of land was purchased for $1.6 million, construction of the new campus began in 1935, with a groundbreaking ceremony attended by then Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and Brooklyn Borough President Raymond Ingersoll. In 1936, then-President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt went to Brooklyn College to lay the cornerstone of the Brooklyn College Gymnasium, President Boylan, Borough President Ingersoll, and President Roosevelt all had buildings on Brooklyn Colleges campus named after them. The campus located in Midwood became the only Brooklyn College campus after the schools Downtown Brooklyn campus was shut down during the 1975 budget emergency, Brooklyn Colleges campus East Quad today looks much as it did when it was originally constructed. The campus also serves as home to the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts complex and its four theaters, the demolition of Gershwin Hall, replaced by The Leonard & Claire Tow Center for the Performing Arts, is the most recent construction on an evolving campus. Other changes to the design include the demolition of Plaza Building, due to its inefficient use of space, poor ventilation. To replace Plaza Building the college constructed West Quad Center, designed by the notable Uruguayan architect Rafael Viñoly, the new building contains classroom space, offices, gymnasiums and a swimming pool. It houses the offices of Registration, Admissions, Financial Aid, the grounds contain a quadrangle with grassy areas and trees. New façades are being constructed on Roosevelt and James halls where they connected with Plaza Building. The 2009–10 CUNYAC championship mens team now plays its home games in the West Quad Center. This follows a major renovation that saw the library moved to a temporary home while construction took place. The Brooklyn College library is now located in its location in a completely renovated and expanded LaGuardia Hall. Noted as one of the most beautiful in the United States, in 2006, the Core Curriculum was revamped, and the 13 required courses were replaced with 15 courses in 3 disciplines, from which students were required to take 11
Brooklyn College
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East Quad: Boylan Hall, LaGuardia Hall Library and Ingersoll Hall
Brooklyn College
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Brooklyn College
Brooklyn College
–
BC in Winter
Brooklyn College
–
Michael Cunningham
4.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
Bachelor of Arts
–
A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree
5.
Cornell University
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Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornells motto, the university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of three private land grant universities in the nation and the one in New York. Of its seven colleges, three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York system, including its agricultural. Of Cornells graduate schools, only the college is state-supported. As a land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension program in every county of New York. The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres, but is larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens are considered. Since its founding, Cornell has been a co-educational, non-sectarian institution where admission has not been restricted by religion or race, the student body consists of more than 14,000 undergraduate and 7,000 graduate students from all 50 American states and more than 120 countries. Cornell University was founded on April 27,1865, the New York State Senate authorized the university as the land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York, as a site, fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the first two buildings and traveled to attract students and faculty, the university was inaugurated on October 7,1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day. Cornell developed as an innovative institution, applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, in 1883 it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity from a dynamo to light the grounds. Cornell has had active alumni since its earliest classes and it was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees. Today the university has more than 4,000 courses, since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and it has partnerships with institutions in India, Singapore, and the Peoples Republic of China. Former president Jeffrey S. Lehman described the university, with its international profile. On March 9,2004, Cornell and Stanford University laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center to be built, Cornells main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake
Cornell University
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Ezra Cornell
Cornell University
–
Cornell University
Cornell University
–
Andrew Dickson White
Cornell University
–
The Arts Quad on Cornell's main campus with iconic
McGraw Tower in the background
6.
LA Law
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L. A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC, from September 15,1986, to May 19,1994. The series often also reflected social tensions between the senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff. In addition to its main cast, L. A. Sanders, James Avery, Gates McFadden, Bryan Cranston, pounder, Kevin Spacey, Richard Schiff, Carrie-Anne Moss, William H. Macy, Stephen Root, Christian Slater, and Lucy Liu. Several episodes of the show included celebrities such as Vanna White, Buddy Hackett. The show was popular with audiences and critics, and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run, four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series. The series was set in and around the fictitious Los Angeles-based law firm McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak, the exteriors for the law firm were shot at the Citigroup Center in downtown Los Angeles, which was known as the 444 Flower Building at the time. The show often combined humor and drama in the same episode. In the pilot episode of the series, only the back and hand of law partner Chaney, one of Chaneys final acts was to hire a new secretary, who began work on the morning Chaneys body is discovered. Later in that episode, in front of his partners, friends and his wife, the secretary at Chaneys eulogy reveals that she is transsexual, Chaney had been financially supporting her gender transition, and hired her as part of her real life test. She is then fired from her job by Douglas Brackman. This once caused problems when a client used him to set up her husband to be murdered, a running gag during Harry Hamlins tenure was to have his character, Michael Kuzak, always shown picking, scrutinizing, and eating pastries or fruit at the morning staff meetings. He was the one who ate from the mountains of food provided. To some extent, the sexual peccadilloes of almost the entire cast would become fodder for episodes of the series. After Grace van Owen makes a comment that Michael Kuzak would have to be a monkey before shed be interested in him, Douglas Brackman becomes involved with a sex therapist. Benny Stulwicz, an intellectually disabled clerk at the office, has sex with the disabled daughter of a client of the firm. Leland McKenzie and Rosalind Shays, antagonists, secretly become lovers, Douglas Brackman, their boss, is also arrested in the mayhem of the riots as he is on his way to get remarried. In one scene later in the series, the writers enacted an inside joke, in her final scene, the character of Rosalind Shays steps into the empty shaft and falls to her death. The name Chaney remains in the name of the law firm, despite changes in personnel
LA Law
–
L.A. Law
7.
NYPD Blue
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NYPD Blue is an American police procedural drama television series set in New York City, exploring the struggles of the fictional 15th Precinct detective squad in Manhattan. Each episode typically intertwines several plots involving an ensemble cast, the series was originally broadcast on the ABC network, debuted on September 21, 1993‚ and aired its final episode on March 1,2005. It was ABCs longest-running primetime one-hour drama series until Greys Anatomy surpassed it in 2016, in 1997, True Confessions, written by Art Monterastelli and directed by Charles Haid, was ranked #36 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. Produced by 20th Century Fox and Steven Bochco Productions, film production took place in the greater Los Angeles area. The show did film in New York but only for shots that used New York landmarks. In the final season the show was filmed only in Los Angeles to save money, exterior shots of the 15th Precinct used the former 9th Precinct building on Fifth Street in New York City, also used for Kojak. Once it was demolished, the façade was recreated on a Los Angeles lot, the show was initially a vehicle for David Caruso. John Kelly was the character, and the first season revolved around him. Promo shots for the show depicted Caruso in the foreground and other first-season characters set off behind him, Season 2 saw the departure of John Kelly, and the show was thereafter built around an ensemble cast. His co-stars included Jimmy Smits as Det, Bobby Simone, Rick Schroder as Det. Danny Sorenson, and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Det, John Clark, Jr. John Kelly and Andy Sipowicz are detectives in the 15th squad. Sipowicz is the partner but is an alcoholic who drinks on the job as well as off-duty. Kelly has an affection for his partner but becomes increasingly exasperated by Sipowiczs behavior. In addition to his alcoholism, Sipowicz is a negative, misogynist. In the pilot, Sipowicz is shot by a suspect he had attacked and humiliated earlier and this leads to his decision to sober up and save his job. While Sipowicz is recuperating, the lieutenant, Arthur Fancy, teams Kelly with a young cop from Anti-Crime. Kellys personal life is as frenetic as his professional life and he is reluctantly going through a divorce from his wife, Laura, and is embarking on an affair with a uniformed cop, Janice Licalsi. To complicate matters further, Licalsis police officer father is on the payroll of mob boss Angelo Marino, Licalsi, in an attempt to protect her father, has been ordered to do a hit on Kelly
NYPD Blue
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NYPD Blue
NYPD Blue
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Original cast (from left): Caruso, Franz, Stringfield, McDaniel, Turturro, and Brenneman
NYPD Blue
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Main cast of Season 3
NYPD Blue
–
Main cast at the beginning of Season 7 of NYPD Blue, l-r Thompson, Delaney, Brochtrup, Franz, Turturro, Schroder, McDaniel, Clapp
8.
The West Wing
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The West Wing is an American serial political drama television series created by Aaron Sorkin that was originally broadcast on NBC from September 22,1999, to May 14,2006. The West Wing was produced by Warner Bros, for the first four seasons, there were three executive producers, Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, and John Wells. The West Wing received acclaim from critics, as well as praise from political science professors, in total, The West Wing won three Golden Globe Awards and 26 Emmy Awards, including the award for Outstanding Drama Series, which it won four consecutive times from 2000 through 2003. In the years since its run, it has appeared on lists of the greatest television dramas ever made. The Writers Guild of America also ranked it #10 in its 101 Best-Written TV Series list, the West Wing employed a broad ensemble cast to portray the many positions involved in the daily work of the federal government. The President, the First Lady, and the Presidents senior staff, numerous secondary characters, appearing intermittently, complement storylines that generally revolve around this core group. Sam Seaborn is the Deputy Communications Director and he departs the White House following the re-election of President Bartlet to run for Congress. He is recruited to become Santos Deputy Chief of Staff at the series end, mandy Hampton is Josh Lymans ex-girlfriend and a media consultant contracted by the Bartlet administration. She departs without explanation following the first season, charlie Young is originally the Personal Aide to the President and later a Deputy Special Assistant to the Chief of Staff. He is in a relationship with Zoey Bartlet, at the series end he begins to study law at Georgetown. She succeeds Leo McGarry as Chief of Staff and departs White House at the end of the Bartlet administration, post-series, she marries Danny Concannon and has a child. He is fired from the Bartlet administration during a leak investigation and he has twin children with his ex-wife who is a congresswoman from Maryland. Leo McGarry, Bartlets close personal friend and Chief of Staff, following a heart attack, he becomes Counselor to the President, and later the Democratic Candidate for Vice President. Josh Lyman, is the Deputy Chief of Staff to Leo McGarry and C. J. Cregg, when Santos is elected, Josh becomes White House Chief of Staff. Josiah Jed Bartlet is the President of the United States, an economist by training, he is a former Congressman and Governor from New Hampshire who unexpectedly won the Democratic Party nomination. He suffers from multiple sclerosis, a fact he hides from the electorate. Donna Moss is the Senior Assistant to Josh Lyman and she later departs to be a spokesperson for the Russell campaign and then the Santos campaign. Upon Santos election, she becomes Chief of Staff to the First Lady, abbey Bartlet is the First Lady, Jeds wife, and a physician
The West Wing
–
The West Wing
The West Wing
–
Sam Seaborn and
Josh Lyman converse in the hallway in one of The West Wing 's noted tracking shots.
The West Wing
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A 2003 plot twist has
House Speaker Glen Allen Walken (
John Goodman) become
Acting President when
Zoey Bartlet is kidnapped.
The West Wing
–
Matt Santos and
Leo McGarry at the 2006
Democratic National Convention
9.
Sons of Anarchy
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Sons of Anarchy is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter. It follows the lives of an outlaw motorcycle club operating in Charming. The show stars Charlie Hunnam as Jackson Jax Teller, initially the vice president of the club, brotherhood, loyalty and redemption are constant themes. Sons of Anarchy premiered on September 3,2008, on cable network FX, the series third season attracted an average of 4.9 million viewers per week, making it FXs highest rated series ever, surpassing FXs other hits The Shield, Nip/Tuck and Rescue Me. The season 4 and 5 premieres were the two highest-rated telecasts in FXs history, the sixth season aired from September 10,2013, through December 10,2013. The seventh and final season of the series premiered on September 9,2014, the series finale premiered on December 9,2014. Topics such as vigilantism, government corruption and racism are explored as well how a motorcycle club can be an analogy for human transformation. Real life Oakland Hells Angel David Labrava served as an adviser to Kurt Sutter. He also played one of the main characters, Happy Lowman. In November 2013, Sutter indicated he was in talks with FX to make a Sons of Anarchy prequel set in the 1960s, in February 2015, he said he would not work on the prequel, likely to be titled The First 9, before 2017. As of May 11,2016, a series is in the works. In November 2016 FX officially announced the development of spin off series Mayans MC, centered around Latino culture, which will likely include past SOA characters in cameo roles. Each season involves two parallel lines that intertwine and overlap, the first centers on the personal life of Jackson Jax Teller. SAMCRO is involved with gun-running throughout the western United States and deals with many rival gangs and politicians, as Vice-President and later President of SAMCRO, Jax struggles with the everyday dealings of the club and the legacy of his father, the founder of the club. SAMCRO is said to resemble the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, hence the appearances from David LaBrava, Chuck Zito, Rusty Coones, in the pilot episode, Jaxs heroin-addicted ex-wife Wendy overdoses while pregnant with his child. An emergency C-section is performed, and a boy is delivered 10 weeks prematurely. Wendy had already named the child Abel, Jax visits a storage unit to collect some old baby clothes. There, he discovers a manifesto authored by his father, the founder of SAMCRO
Sons of Anarchy
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Sons of Anarchy
Sons of Anarchy
–
Members of the cast during a
USO visit to
Kuwait
10.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
Star Wars
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A street performer in costume as
Darth Vader in
Amsterdam. Vader is one of the most iconic characters of the Star Wars franchise.
Star Wars
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The Star Wars logo as seen in all films
Star Wars
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George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars
Star Wars
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John Williams, composer of the musical
scores for all six films of the original and prequel trilogies.
11.
Dexter (tv series)
–
Dexter is an American television crime drama mystery series that aired on Showtime from October 1,2006, to September 22,2013. The shows first season was derived from the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter and it was adapted for television by screenwriter James Manos, Jr. who wrote the first episode. Subsequent seasons evolved independently of Lindsays works, in February 2008, reruns began to air on CBS, although the reruns on CBS ended after one run of the first season. The series has enjoyed positive reviews throughout its run and popularity. Season four aired its finale on December 13,2009, to a record-breaking audience of 2.6 million viewers. In April 2013, Showtime announced that season eight would be the season of Dexter. The season-eight premiere was the most watched Dexter episode with more than 3 million viewers total for all airings that night, the original broadcast of the series finale—shown at 9 pm on September 22, 2013—drew 2.8 million viewers, the largest overall audience in Showtimes history. For the seasonal plots, see Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, to satisfy his interest in blood and to facilitate his own crimes, Dexter works as a forensic technician specializing in bloodstain pattern analysis, for the Miami Metro Police Department. Although his drive to kill is unflinching, he is able to simulate, Dexter, Early Cuts is an animated web series that premiered on October 25,2009. Michael C. Hall reprises his role as the voice of Dexter, the webisodes are animated with 2. 5D style, where flat two-dimensional illustrations are brought to life in three-dimensional space. The first season was created and written by Dexter producer/writer Lauren Gussis and she was nominated for a Webby for her writing on the first season. The first web series precedes the current narrative of the show, each victims story is split into four two-minute chapters. A second season of the web series titled Dexter, Early Cuts, Dark Echo, one story in six chapters and it was written by Tim Schlattmann and illustrated by Bill Sienkiewicz and David Mack. The story begins immediately following Dexters adoptive father Harrys death, although the series is set in Miami, Florida, many of the exterior scenes are filmed in Long Beach, California. Many landmark buildings and locations in Long Beach are featured throughout the series, the finale episodes airport scene takes place at Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California. In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign, mobile phone owners received the following unsolicited SMS messages addressed to them by name with no identifying information other than being from Dexter, Hello. Im heading to the UK sooner than you might think, the SMS-message was followed by an email directing the user to an online video news report about a recent spree of killings. While the marketing campaign succeeded in raising the profile of the show, it proved unpopular with many mobile owners, in response to complaints about the SMS element of the campaign, Fox issued the following statement, The shows lead actor, Michael C
Dexter (tv series)
–
Dexter
12.
L.A. Law
–
L. A. Law is an American television legal drama series that ran for eight seasons on NBC, from September 15,1986, to May 19,1994. The series often also reflected social tensions between the senior lawyer protagonists and their less well-paid junior staff. In addition to its main cast, L. A. Sanders, James Avery, Gates McFadden, Bryan Cranston, pounder, Kevin Spacey, Richard Schiff, Carrie-Anne Moss, William H. Macy, Stephen Root, Christian Slater, and Lucy Liu. Several episodes of the show included celebrities such as Vanna White, Buddy Hackett. The show was popular with audiences and critics, and won 15 Emmy Awards throughout its run, four of which were for Outstanding Drama Series. The series was set in and around the fictitious Los Angeles-based law firm McKenzie, Brackman, Chaney and Kuzak, the exteriors for the law firm were shot at the Citigroup Center in downtown Los Angeles, which was known as the 444 Flower Building at the time. The show often combined humor and drama in the same episode. In the pilot episode of the series, only the back and hand of law partner Chaney, one of Chaneys final acts was to hire a new secretary, who began work on the morning Chaneys body is discovered. Later in that episode, in front of his partners, friends and his wife, the secretary at Chaneys eulogy reveals that she is transsexual, Chaney had been financially supporting her gender transition, and hired her as part of her real life test. She is then fired from her job by Douglas Brackman. This once caused problems when a client used him to set up her husband to be murdered, a running gag during Harry Hamlins tenure was to have his character, Michael Kuzak, always shown picking, scrutinizing, and eating pastries or fruit at the morning staff meetings. He was the one who ate from the mountains of food provided. To some extent, the sexual peccadilloes of almost the entire cast would become fodder for episodes of the series. After Grace van Owen makes a comment that Michael Kuzak would have to be a monkey before shed be interested in him, Douglas Brackman becomes involved with a sex therapist. Benny Stulwicz, an intellectually disabled clerk at the office, has sex with the disabled daughter of a client of the firm. Leland McKenzie and Rosalind Shays, antagonists, secretly become lovers, Douglas Brackman, their boss, is also arrested in the mayhem of the riots as he is on his way to get remarried. In one scene later in the series, the writers enacted an inside joke, in her final scene, the character of Rosalind Shays steps into the empty shaft and falls to her death. The name Chaney remains in the name of the law firm, despite changes in personnel
L.A. Law
–
L.A. Law
13.
NYPD
–
The New York City Police Department, officially the City of New York Police Department, is the largest municipal police force in the United States. Established in 1845, the agency has primary responsibilities in law enforcement, the NYPD is one of the oldest police departments established in the U. S. tracing its roots back to the nineteenth century. According to the department, its mission is to enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear, the departments regulations are compiled in title 38 of the New York City Rules. In June 2004, there were about 40,000 sworn officers plus several thousand employees, in June 2005. As of December 2011, that figure increased slightly to over 36,600, the NYPDs current authorized uniformed strength is 34,450. The Patrolmens Benevolent Association of the City of New York, the largest municipal police union in the United States, represents over 50,000 active, the NYPD Intelligence Division & Counter-Terrorism Bureau has officers stationed in 11 cities internationally. In the 1990s the department developed a CompStat system of management which has also since established in other cities. The NYPD is headquartered at 1 Police Plaza, located on Park Row in Lower Manhattan across the street from City Hall, the NYPD has extensive crime scene investigation and laboratory resources, as well as units which assist with computer crime investigations. The NYPD runs a Real Time Crime Center, essentially a search engine. A Domain Awareness System, a joint project of Microsoft and the NYPD, links 6,000 closed-circuit television cameras, license plate readers, members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, some media and their own police cars by the nickname New Yorks Finest. The Municipal Police were established in 1845, replacing an old night watch system, in 1857, it was tumultuously replaced by a Metropolitan force, which consolidated many other local police departments in 1898. Twentieth-century trends included professionalization and struggles against corruption, Officers begin service with the rank of Probationary Police Officer, also referred to as Recruit Officer. After successful completion of six months of Police Academy training and various academic, physical, There are three career tracks in the NYPD, supervisory, investigative, and specialist. The supervisory track consists of 12 sworn titles, referred to as ranks, promotion to the ranks of sergeant, lieutenant, and captain are made via competitive civil service examinations. Promotion from the rank of police officer to detective is determined by the current police labor contract, the entry level appointment to detective is third grade or specialist. The commissioner may grant discretionary grades of first or second and these grades offer compensation roughly equivalent to that of supervisors. Specifically, a second grade detectives pay roughly corresponds to a sergeants, Detectives are police officers who have been given a more investigatory position but no official supervisory authority. A Detective First Grade still falls under the command of a sergeant or above, just like detectives, sergeants and lieutenants can receive pay grade increases within their respective ranks
NYPD
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The shield of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), with badge number "911".
NYPD
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The New York City Police Department's emblem
NYPD
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NYPD officers from the Emergency Service Unit (ESU) in June 2009.
NYPD
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A NYPD police boat patrolling the
East River
14.
Bobby Simone
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Robert Bobby Simone is a fictional character in the television series NYPD Blue. He was played by Jimmy Smits from near the start of the season until the beginning of the sixth. Simone was introduced to the squad after Andy Sipowiczs former partner and his previous job had been as a driver for the police commissioner, a role that initially riled Sipowicz. However, Simone explained that he had asked for the job so he could spend time with his wife as she was dying from cancer. An early bond and friendship between them was enough that Andy asked Simone to step in after John Kelly couldnt make it back to New York for Sipowiczs wedding to Sylvia Costas. Bobby and Andy became great friends and partners, although Bobby did not let Andy get away with making racist comments around him. In one episode, when Simone is dealing with a suspect who assumes he is Puerto Rican, Simone retorts that he is of French and Portuguese descent, early on in his time in the squad Simone started a relationship with Diane Russell, another cop in the office. Simone earlier had to convince Diane that she had a problem but was a source of strength. The couple also conceived a child, but Diane had a miscarriage in season 5, in that seasons finale, Bobby and Diane were married at City Hall. Shortly after the wedding, Simone contracted a critical heart infection that required a heart transplant and he was succeeded as Andys parter by Danny Sorenson. Bobby returned, in an episode of the final season, as a spirit offering guidance
Bobby Simone
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Jimmy Smits as Bobby Simone
15.
Matt Santos
–
Matthew Vincente Matt Santos is a fictional character on the American television show The West Wing, played by Jimmy Smits. His initial appearance was as a Democratic U. S, representative from Houston, Texas, and he was elected to succeed Josiah Bartlet as President in the final episodes of the series. According to David Remnicks biography of Barack Obama, The Bridge, Santos, a Catholic, was born at St. Josephs Hospital in Houston, Texas. He was born in either 1963 or in 1961, one of seven children born to Luis and Marita Santos, he grew up in the Second Ward — the oldest Mexican-American neighborhood in Houston and home to six generations of the Santos family. Luis Santos was a barber, while Marita Santos was a domestic servant and he has been married to Helen Santos for 15 years, and they have two children, Peter and Miranda, who are 11 and 5, respectively, at the time of their fathers inauguration. Santos attended Jackson Middle School and Austin High School in Houston and he then attended the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating at the top of his class with a degree in engineering. At Annapolis, he played football until he injured his knee, after graduating he was commissioned as an officer in the United States Marine Corps. Santos was an aviator, qualified on carrier-based fighter aircraft. Since leaving active duty in 1993, he has served in the United States Marine Corps Reserves, Santos was elected to Houston City Council, where he served for two years until his election as mayor. He served for four years as mayor, during which he opened four new health-care clinics to serve Houstons families, as mayor, Santos also created a new housing assistance program to make rent more affordable for the citys 2 million residents. Santos was then elected to the United States House of Representatives during the 2000 midterm elections representing the 18th Congressional District and served for three terms. Santos is first seen in 2005 as a member of United States House of Representatives, who is regarded as an effective legislator, despite his age and policy savvy, Santos is about to retire due to his frustration with Washington politics. He plans to return to Houston and open more health-care clinics alongside those he created while he was that citys mayor, however, then Deputy White House Chief of Staff Josh Lyman persuades him to run for president of the United States and becomes his campaign manager. However, as the progress, Santos rises to third place in most opinion polls. On the day before the California primary, Hoynes is engulfed in a sex scandal, one of his major presidential campaign platform planks is the reform of public education in the United States. Santos says the year should be at least 240 days out of the year. He also supports abolishing teacher tenure in order to increase accountability, as he gained momentum, Congressman Santos won many more states. Prior to the convention, Santos turned down Russells offer of the vice-presidential nomination, the Pennsylvanian drew delegate votes from all of the candidates and extended the balloting to an unprecedented third day
Matt Santos
–
Jimmy Smits as Matt Santos
Matt Santos
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President-elect Santos taking the oath of office.
16.
Bail Organa
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This list of characters from the Star Wars franchise contains only those which are considered part of the official Star Wars canon. C-3PO and R2-D2 are the characters to appear in all films to date
Bail Organa
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Jedi Master Kit Fisto
17.
Prequel trilogy
–
Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
Prequel trilogy
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A street performer in costume as
Darth Vader in
Amsterdam. Vader is one of the most iconic characters of the Star Wars franchise.
Prequel trilogy
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The Star Wars logo as seen in all films
Prequel trilogy
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George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars
Prequel trilogy
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John Williams, composer of the musical
scores for all six films of the original and prequel trilogies.
18.
Rogue One
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It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the first installment of the Star Wars Anthology series, the cast includes Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Riz Ahmed, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker. Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, principal photography on the film began at Elstree Studios near London during early August 2015 and wrapped in February 2016. The film went through extensive reshoots and additional filming in mid-June 2016, the film premiered in Los Angeles on December 10,2016, and was released in the United States on December 16,2016. The film has grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2016 and it received two Academy Awards nominations for Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects. Research scientist Galen Erso and his family are in hiding on the planet Lahmu, Imperial weapons developer Orson Krennic arrives to press him into completing the Death Star, a space station-based superweapon capable of destroying planets. Galens wife Lyra is killed in the confrontation while their daughter Jyn escapes and is taken to safety by Rebel extremist Saw Gerrera, fifteen years later, cargo pilot Bodhi Rook defects from the Empire, smuggling a holographic message from Galen to Gerrera on the desert moon Jedha. Cassian is covertly ordered by General Draven, an Alliance military officer, with the aid of blind spiritual warrior Chirrut Îmwe and his mercenary friend Baze Malbus, Jyn makes contact with Gerrera, who has been holding Rook captive. On the Death Star, Krennic orders a low-powered shot from the superlaser to destroy Jedhas capital, Jyn and her group take Rook and flee the planet, but Gerrera remains to die with the city. Grand Moff Tarkin congratulates Krennic before using Rooks defection and security leak as a pretext to take control of the project, Rook leads the group to Galens Imperial research facility on the planet Eadu, where Cassian chooses not to kill Galen. When Krennic orders Galens team killed for causing the security leak, the research team is executed anyway. Jyn makes her presence known moments before Rebel bombers attack the facility, Galen is wounded and dies in his daughters arms, before she escapes with her group on board a stolen Imperial cargo shuttle. Krennic is summoned by Darth Vader, to answer for the attack on Eadu, Krennic seeks his support for an audience with the Emperor, Vader ignores it and orders him instead to ensure no further leaks about the Death Star occur. Jyn proposes a plan to steal the Death Star schematics using the Rebel fleet but fails to get approval from the Alliance Council, frustrated at their inaction, Jyns group is supported by a small squad of Rebel volunteers intent on raiding the databank themselves. The Rebel fleet learns about the raid from intercepted Imperial communications, K-2SO sacrifices himself so Jyn and Cassian can retrieve the data. Îmwe is killed after activating the switch to allow communication with the Rebel fleet. Rook is killed by a grenade after informing the Rebel fleet that it must deactivate the shield surrounding the planet to allow the transmission of the schematics, Malbus dies in battle shortly after. Jyn and Cassian seize the schematics, but they are ambushed by Krennic, Krennic corners Jyn, declaring the Empires victory, but Cassian, who has survived, shoots and wounds Krennic
Rogue One
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Official film logo
Rogue One
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The cast of Rogue One.
19.
Dexter (TV series)
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Dexter is an American television crime drama mystery series that aired on Showtime from October 1,2006, to September 22,2013. The shows first season was derived from the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter and it was adapted for television by screenwriter James Manos, Jr. who wrote the first episode. Subsequent seasons evolved independently of Lindsays works, in February 2008, reruns began to air on CBS, although the reruns on CBS ended after one run of the first season. The series has enjoyed positive reviews throughout its run and popularity. Season four aired its finale on December 13,2009, to a record-breaking audience of 2.6 million viewers. In April 2013, Showtime announced that season eight would be the season of Dexter. The season-eight premiere was the most watched Dexter episode with more than 3 million viewers total for all airings that night, the original broadcast of the series finale—shown at 9 pm on September 22, 2013—drew 2.8 million viewers, the largest overall audience in Showtimes history. For the seasonal plots, see Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, Dexter, to satisfy his interest in blood and to facilitate his own crimes, Dexter works as a forensic technician specializing in bloodstain pattern analysis, for the Miami Metro Police Department. Although his drive to kill is unflinching, he is able to simulate, Dexter, Early Cuts is an animated web series that premiered on October 25,2009. Michael C. Hall reprises his role as the voice of Dexter, the webisodes are animated with 2. 5D style, where flat two-dimensional illustrations are brought to life in three-dimensional space. The first season was created and written by Dexter producer/writer Lauren Gussis and she was nominated for a Webby for her writing on the first season. The first web series precedes the current narrative of the show, each victims story is split into four two-minute chapters. A second season of the web series titled Dexter, Early Cuts, Dark Echo, one story in six chapters and it was written by Tim Schlattmann and illustrated by Bill Sienkiewicz and David Mack. The story begins immediately following Dexters adoptive father Harrys death, although the series is set in Miami, Florida, many of the exterior scenes are filmed in Long Beach, California. Many landmark buildings and locations in Long Beach are featured throughout the series, the finale episodes airport scene takes place at Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California. In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign, mobile phone owners received the following unsolicited SMS messages addressed to them by name with no identifying information other than being from Dexter, Hello. Im heading to the UK sooner than you might think, the SMS-message was followed by an email directing the user to an online video news report about a recent spree of killings. While the marketing campaign succeeded in raising the profile of the show, it proved unpopular with many mobile owners, in response to complaints about the SMS element of the campaign, Fox issued the following statement, The shows lead actor, Michael C
Dexter (TV series)
–
Dexter
20.
List of Sons of Anarchy characters
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Becomes SAMCROs President following Jaxs stepping down after being voted to meet Mr. Mayhem. Alexander Tig Trager Becomes joint Vice President under Chibs following Jaxs stepping down after being voted to meet Mr. Mayhem in the series finale, Happy Lowman is SAMCROs Sergeant-at-Arms as of Season 6. His real name is never revealed, rane Quinn is the former president of the Nomad Charter. He appears in Season 5 to help track down one of his former Nomad soldiers and he becomes a member of the Redwood Original charter. Allesandro Montez is a member of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Clubs Reno. George Ratboy Skogstrom was originally introduced as a prospect during Season 4 and he becomes a patched member and is often entrusted to look after Gemma and the other women. Cross is the president of the Grim Bastards Motorcycle Club. Lenny The Pimp Janowitz is convicted of murdering three ATF agents and he is a member of the First 9. Jackson Jax Teller was the president of the Sons of Anarchy mother charter from the end of season 4 to the end of season 7, previously he was vice president under the leadership of his stepfather Clay Morrow. Jax took over as president by force at the end of season 4, juan Carlos Juice Ortiz is the clubs hacker and intelligence officer. Bobby Elvis Munson is the treasury secretary of SAMCRO. He later becomes vice president when Jax takes over as president and he is murdered by August Marks after being taken hostage and having his eye cut out and fingers cut off and delivered to Jax. He was a victim of Gemmas lies about how Tara died, orlin West, aka West is one of the three Sons Bobby recruited into the Redwood Original Charter in Season 6. He has been married to Gemma since the death of her first husband, John Teller, Clay has been struggling with his age and developing arthritis. He is responsible for the death of Donna Winston, Piney Winston and he serves as one of the main antagonist for 6 Seasons. Jax frames him for the murder of Damon Pope and later kills him for killing his father, John Teller, GoGo, a Nomad who comes to Charming, appears in Season 5 and is voted into the club when the Nomad charter closes. He, Frankie, and Greg the Peg are working for Clay and are behind the breakins, GoGo is killed by Unser with a double-barrel shotgun when he and Greg the Peg go to kill Unser, unaware that Clay is there and has double-crossed them. Greg the Peg is a Nomad who is missing a leg and he appears in Season 5, when he and two other Nomads - Frankie, and GoGo - come to Charming when the Nomad chapter closes, and are voted into SAMCRO
List of Sons of Anarchy characters
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Kurt Sutter as Big Otto.
List of Sons of Anarchy characters
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Zoe Boyle
21.
Birth certificate
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A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term birth certificate can refer to either the document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by such as a midwife or doctor, the documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization, especially in China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Persia. The original purpose of statistics was for tax purposes and for the determination of available military manpower. Births were initially registered with churches, who maintained registers of births and this practice continued into the 19th century. The compulsory registration of births with governmental agencies is a practice originated in the United Kingdom in 1853. The United States did not get a system until 1902. Most countries have statutes and laws that regulate the registration of births, the actual record of birth is stored with a government agency. That agency will issue certified copies or representations of the birth record upon request. The certification is signed and/or sealed by the registrar or other custodian of birth records, despite 191 countries ratifying the Convention, the births of millions of children worldwide go unregistered. This phenomenon disproportionately impacts indigenous populations and even in developed countries, contributes to difficulties in fully accessing civic rights. Retrospective registration may be necessary where there is a backlog of children whose births have gone unregistered, in Senegal, the government is facilitating retrospective registration through free local court hearings and the number of unregistered children has fallen considerably as a result. In Sierra Leone, the government gave the National Office of Births and Deaths special permission to issue birth certificates to children over seven, in Bolivia, there was a successful three-year amnesty for the free registration of young people aged between 12 and 18. Statelessness, or the lack of nationality, impacts the daily lives of some 11-12 million people around the world. Perhaps those who suffer most are stateless infants, children, though born and raised in their parents’ country of habitual residence, they lack formal recognition of their existence. States and territories of Australia are responsible for the issuance of certificates, through agencies generally titled Registry of Births Deaths. Initially registering a birth is done by a hospital through a Birth Registration Statement or similar, home births are permitted, but a statement is required from a registered midwife, doctor or 2 other witnesses other than the parents. Unplanned births require in some states that the baby be taken to a hospital within 24 hours, once registered, a separate application can be made for a birth certificate, generally at a cost
Birth certificate
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Mary Elizabeth Winblad (1895-1987) birth certificate
Birth certificate
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A Soviet birth certificate from 1972.
Birth certificate
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Specimen England and Wales Long Birth Certificate
22.
Paramaribo
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Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 240,000 people, almost half of Surinames population, the historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002. The city is named for the Paramaribo tribe living at the mouth of the Suriname River, the name Paramaribo is probably a corruption of the name of an Indian village, Parmirbo. This was the location of the first Dutch settlement, a trading post established by Nicolaes Baliestel, English and French traders also tried to establish settlements in Suriname, including a French post established in 1644 near present-day Paramaribo. The Dutch settlement was abandoned some time before the arrival of English settlers in 1650, the settlers were sent by the English governor of Barbados, Lord Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham, and established a town on the site of Paramaribo. The town was protected by a fort, called Fort Willoughby, in 1662, Governor Willoughby was granted the settlement and surrounding lands by King Charles II. In 1667, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Paramaribo was conquered by a squadron of ships under Abraham Crijnssen, the Treaty of Breda in 1667, confirmed Paramaribo as the leading town of the now Dutch colony of Suriname. The fort protecting Paramaribo was renamed Fort Zeelandia in honor of the Dutch province that had financed Crijnssen’s fleet, the population of Paramaribo has always been very diverse. Among the first British settlers were many Jews and one of the oldest synagogues in the Americas is found in Paramaribo, the population of the town was greatly increased after 1873, when former slaves were allowed to stop working for their former masters and leave the sugar plantations. Paramaribo has remained the capital of Suriname, from its colonial days through the independence of Suriname in 1975 to the present day, the old town has suffered many devastating fires over the years, notably in January 1821 and September 1832. In 1987 an administrative reorganization took place in Suriname and the city was divided into 12 administrative jurisdictions, the city is located on the Suriname River, approximately 15 kilometres inland from the Atlantic Ocean, in the Paramaribo district. Evolution of Paramaribo Paramaribo features a tropical rainforest climate, under the Köppen climate classification, the city has no true dry season, all 12 months of the year average more than 60 mm of rainfall, but the city does experience noticeably wetter and drier periods during the year. During autumn is the driest period of the year in Paramaribo, Paramaribo on average receives roughly 2200 mm of rainfall each year. Paramaribo has a population of 240,924 people, in the past decades a significant number of Brazilians, Guyanese and new Chinese immigrants have settled in Paramaribo. Paramaribo is the business and financial centre of Suriname, all banks, insurance corporations and other financial and commercial companies are headquartered in Paramaribo. Around 75 percent of Surinames GDP is consumed in Paramaribo, tourism is an increasingly important sector, with most visitors coming from the Netherlands. Administratively, Paramaribo forms its own district in Suriname, the resorts of Paramaribo district therefore correspond to boroughs of the city. There are twelve resorts in the Paramaribo district, Paramaribo is served by the Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport, the Jules Wijdenbosch Bridge, which is part of the East-West Link, connects Paramaribo with Meerzorg on the other side of the Suriname River
Paramaribo
–
The street Waterkant in Paramaribo
Paramaribo
–
1830s
lithograph of the market
Paramaribo
–
View of Paramaribo from space
Paramaribo
–
UNESCO World Heritage Site
23.
Suriname
–
Suriname, officially known as the Republic of Suriname, is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, at just under 165,000 square kilometers, it is the smallest country in South America. Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000, most of live on the countrys north coast, in and around the capital and largest city. Long inhabited by cultures of indigenous tribes, Suriname was explored and contested by European powers before coming under Dutch rule in the late 17th century. In 1954, the country one of the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its indigenous peoples have been active in claiming land rights and working to preserve their traditional lands. Suriname is considered to be a culturally Caribbean country, and is a member of the Caribbean Community, while Dutch is the official language of government, business, media, and education, Sranan, an English-based creole language, is a widely used lingua franca. Suriname is the territory outside Europe where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population. The people of Suriname are among the most diverse in the world, spanning a multitude of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups. This area was occupied by cultures of indigenous peoples long before European contact, remnants of which can be found in petroglyph sites at Werehpai. The name Suriname may derive from a Taino indigenous people called Surinen, British settlers, who founded the first European colony at Marshalls Creek along the Suriname River, spelled the name as Surinam. When the territory was taken over by the Dutch, it part of a group of colonies known as Dutch Guiana. The official spelling of the countrys English name was changed from Surinam to Suriname in January 1978, a notable example is Surinames national airline, Surinam Airways. The older English name is reflected in the English pronunciation, /ˈsʊrᵻnæm/ or /ˈsʊrᵻnɑːm/, in Dutch, the official language of Suriname, the pronunciation is, with the main stress on the third syllable and a schwa terminal vowel. Indigenous settlement of Suriname dates back to 3,000 BC, the largest tribes were the Arawak, a nomadic coastal tribe that lived from hunting and fishing. They were the first inhabitants in the area, the Carib also settled in the area and conquered the Arawak by using their superior sailing ships. They settled in Galibi at the mouth of the Marowijne River, while the larger Arawak and Carib tribes lived along the coast and savanna, smaller groups of indigenous peoples lived in the inland rainforest, such as the Akurio, Trió, Warrau, and Wayana. Beginning in the 16th century, French, Spanish, and English explorers visited the area, a century later, Dutch and English settlers established plantation colonies along the many rivers in the fertile Guiana plains
Suriname
–
Maroon village,
Suriname River, 1955
Suriname
–
Flag
Suriname
–
Presidential Palace of Suriname
Suriname
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Waterfront houses in
Paramaribo, 1955
24.
Puerto Rican people
–
Puerto Ricans are the inhabitants or citizens of Puerto Rico. It is home to people of different national origins and equate their nationality with citizenship, allegiance. Over 90% of Puerto Ricans descend from migrants from these two regions of Spain. Puerto Rico has also influenced by African culture, Afro-Puerto Ricans being a significant minority. Puerto Rico has also received immigration from other parts of Spain such as Catalonia as well as from other European countries such as France, Ireland, Italy and Germany. The population of Puerto Ricans and descendants is estimated to be between 8 and 10 million worldwide, with most living within the islands of Puerto Rico and in the United States mainland. For 2009, the American Community Survey estimates give a total of 3,859,026 Puerto Ricans classified as Native Puerto Ricans. It also gives a total of 3,644,515 of the population being born in Puerto Rico and 201,310 born in the United States, the total population born outside Puerto Rico is 322,773. Of the 108,262 who were born outside the United States,92. 9% were born in Latin America,3. 8% in Europe,2. 7% in Asia,0. 2% in Northern America. Both run-away and freed African slaves were in Puerto Rico and this interbreeding was far more common in Latin America because of those Spanish and Portuguese mercantile colonial policies exemplified by the oft-romanticized male conquistadors. All of these factors would indeed prove detrimental for the Taínos in Puerto Rico, in 1791, the slaves in Saint-Domingue, revolted against their French masters. Many of the French escaped to Puerto Rico via what is now the Dominican Republic and settled in the west coast of the island, Some Puerto Ricans are of British heritage, most notably Scottish people and English people who came to reside there in the 17th and 18th centuries. They were followed by waves from other European countries and China. During the early 20th century Jews began to settle in Puerto Rico, the first large group of Jews to settle in Puerto Rico were European refugees fleeing German–occupied Europe in the 1930s and 1940s. The second influx of Jews to the island came in the 1950s, the native Taino population began to dwindle, with the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, through disease and miscegenation. Many Spaniard men took Taino and West African wives and in the first centuries of the Spanish colonial period the island was overwhelmingly racially mixed. However, under Spanish rule, mass immigration shifted the ethnic make-up of the island, Puerto Rico went from being two-thirds black and mulatto in the beginning of the 19th century, to being nearly 80% white by the middle of the 20th century. This was compounded by more flexible attitudes to race under Spanish rule, amerindian ancestry showed less fluctuation, generally hovering between 5% and 20% irrespective of self-identified race
Puerto Rican people
–
Royal Decree of Graces, 1815
25.
Roman Catholic
–
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
Roman Catholic
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Saint Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
Roman Catholic
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St. Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
Roman Catholic
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Pope Francis, elected in the
papal conclave, 2013
Roman Catholic
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Traditional graphic representation of the Trinity: The earliest attested version of the diagram, from a manuscript of
Peter of Poitiers ' writings, c. 1210
26.
Navy-Vieques protests
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The Vieques, Puerto Rico Naval Training Range was located on the island of Vieques, just outside the main island of Puerto Rico. The training range was used for training at the island. The military installation ended operations in 2001 and there was a presence on the island from 1941 until 2003. The Department of the Navy started searching for a location to site a naval base during the 1940s, land was purchased between 1941 and 1950 making up two parcels making up 22,000 acres or about two-thirds of the island. Of that 8,000 acres on the end of the island was primarily used as a naval ammunition depot until the property was returned to the Municipality of Vieques on May 1,2001. The eastern end of the island was used for training exercises, ship-to-shore gunfire, air-to-ground bombing. Within that area was a 900-acre Live Impact Area used for targeting live ordnance, the LIA was located at the eastern tip of the island and away from the civilian population. The former Vieques Naval Training Range is located on the eastern half, located between these military sites lay the local civilian communities of Isabel Segunda and Esperanza. The former VNTR, which comprises approximately 14,573 acres, provided ground warfare and amphibious training for Marines, naval gunfire support training, military operations on the west side of the island had been focused on storing and processing of supplies and the disposal of waste. Sites identified for environmental clean-up include the following, A former general waste dump at a swamp in Laguna Arenas along Highway 200. The site of a 1970 underground storage tank for waste oil removed from the public works area in 1996. A former asphalt plant on the side of Route 200. An environmental baseline survey discovered a munitions open-burn/open-detonation area on the tip of the island surrounding Punta Boca Quebrada. Further surveying identified 16 possible open-burn/open-detonation sites in the area, as a result,24 acres of roads and beaches were inspected for munitions, cleared of munitions with clean up completed in December 2011. After the base was closed, Puerto Rico Governor Sila Calderon requested Vieques be placed on the U. S. National Priorities List as a designated superfund clean-up site, in addition to these, the eastern portion of the site may also include polychlorinated biphenyls, solvents and pesticides. Both US Navy and EPA are coordinating efforts to clean up Vieques, on the Munitions Response Program, the Navy recently completed an expanded range assessment at the former Vieques Naval Training Range. On September 2008, a ROD was issued for one operable unit, a ROD for AOC J, R and SWMU-7 was signed on September 21,2011 and SWMU-1 on September 29,2011. Thirty Six operable units has been investigated at the former VNTR, a decision was reached on ten sites for No action
Navy-Vieques protests
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U.S. Navy vehicles on a beach at Camp Garcia, Vieques.
Navy-Vieques protests
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USS Graham County (LST-1176) beached at Vieques, Puerto Rico, 1964
Navy-Vieques protests
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U.S. Navy officials dismantling makeshift buildings erected by protesters.
27.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
United States Navy
United States Navy
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United States Navy portal
United States Navy
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USS Constellation vs L'Insurgente during the
Quasi-War
United States Navy
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USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere during the
War of 1812
28.
United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico
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The Vieques, Puerto Rico Naval Training Range was located on the island of Vieques, just outside the main island of Puerto Rico. The training range was used for training at the island. The military installation ended operations in 2001 and there was a presence on the island from 1941 until 2003. The Department of the Navy started searching for a location to site a naval base during the 1940s, land was purchased between 1941 and 1950 making up two parcels making up 22,000 acres or about two-thirds of the island. Of that 8,000 acres on the end of the island was primarily used as a naval ammunition depot until the property was returned to the Municipality of Vieques on May 1,2001. The eastern end of the island was used for training exercises, ship-to-shore gunfire, air-to-ground bombing. Within that area was a 900-acre Live Impact Area used for targeting live ordnance, the LIA was located at the eastern tip of the island and away from the civilian population. The former Vieques Naval Training Range is located on the eastern half, located between these military sites lay the local civilian communities of Isabel Segunda and Esperanza. The former VNTR, which comprises approximately 14,573 acres, provided ground warfare and amphibious training for Marines, naval gunfire support training, military operations on the west side of the island had been focused on storing and processing of supplies and the disposal of waste. Sites identified for environmental clean-up include the following, A former general waste dump at a swamp in Laguna Arenas along Highway 200. The site of a 1970 underground storage tank for waste oil removed from the public works area in 1996. A former asphalt plant on the side of Route 200. An environmental baseline survey discovered a munitions open-burn/open-detonation area on the tip of the island surrounding Punta Boca Quebrada. Further surveying identified 16 possible open-burn/open-detonation sites in the area, as a result,24 acres of roads and beaches were inspected for munitions, cleared of munitions with clean up completed in December 2011. After the base was closed, Puerto Rico Governor Sila Calderon requested Vieques be placed on the U. S. National Priorities List as a designated superfund clean-up site, in addition to these, the eastern portion of the site may also include polychlorinated biphenyls, solvents and pesticides. Both US Navy and EPA are coordinating efforts to clean up Vieques, on the Munitions Response Program, the Navy recently completed an expanded range assessment at the former Vieques Naval Training Range. On September 2008, a ROD was issued for one operable unit, a ROD for AOC J, R and SWMU-7 was signed on September 21,2011 and SWMU-1 on September 29,2011. Thirty Six operable units has been investigated at the former VNTR, a decision was reached on ten sites for No action
United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico
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U.S. Navy vehicles on a beach at Camp Garcia, Vieques.
United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico
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USS Graham County (LST-1176) beached at Vieques, Puerto Rico, 1964
United States Navy in Vieques, Puerto Rico
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U.S. Navy officials dismantling makeshift buildings erected by protesters.
29.
Vieques
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Vieques, in full Isla de Vieques, is an island–municipality of Puerto Rico in the northeastern Caribbean, part of an island grouping sometimes known as the Spanish Virgin Islands. Vieques is part of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and retains strong influences from 400 years of Spanish presence in the island, Vieques lies about 8 miles east of the Puerto Rican mainland, and measures about 21 miles long by 4 miles wide. Its most populated barrio Isabel Segunda, the center on the northern side of the island. The population of Vieques was 9,301 at the 2010 Census, the islands name is a Spanish spelling of an American Indian word said to mean small island. It also has the nickname Isla Nena, usually translated from the Spanish as Little Girl Island, during the colonial period, the British name was Crab Island. Today the former navy land is a wildlife refuge, with numerous beaches that still retain the names given by the navy, including Red Beach, Blue Beach. The beaches are listed among the top beaches in the Caribbean for their azure-colored waters. Archaeological evidence suggests that Vieques was first inhabited by ancient American Indian peoples who traveled from continental America perhaps between 3000 BC and 2000 BC, however, estimates of these prehistoric dates of inhabitation vary widely. These tribes had a Stone Age culture and were probably fishermen, excavations at the Puerto Ferro site by Luis Chanlatte and Yvonne Narganes uncovered a fragmented human skeleton in a large hearth area. Radiocarbon dating of shells found in the hearth indicate a date of c.1900 BCE. Linear arrays of smaller stones radiating from the boulders are apparent at the site today. Further waves of settlement by Native Americans followed over many centuries, the Arawak-speaking Saladoid people, thought to have originated in modern-day Venezuela, arrived in the region perhaps around 200 BC. These tribes, noted for their pottery, stone carving, and other artifacts, eventually merged with groups from Hispaniola and Cuba and this culture flourished in the region from around 1000 AD, and survived on Vieques until the arrival of the Europeans in the late 15th century. The European discovery of Vieques is sometimes credited to Christopher Columbus and it does not seem to be certain whether Columbus personally visited Vieques, but in any case the island was soon claimed by the Spanish. During the early 16th century Vieques became a center of Taíno rebellion against the European invaders, the native Taíno population was decimated, and its people either killed, imprisoned or enslaved by the Spanish. The Spanish did not, however, permanently colonise Vieques at this time, as European powers fought for control in the region, a series of attempts by the French, English and Danish to colonise the island in the 17th and 18th centuries were repulsed by the Spanish. Scottish sovereignty of the island proved short-lived however, as a Danish ship arrived shortly afterwards, at the beginning of the 19th century, the Spanish took steps to permanently settle and secure the island. In 1811, Don Salvador Meléndez, then governor of Puerto Rico and he was instrumental in the establishment of large plantations, marking a period of social and economic change for the island
Vieques
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Vieques from the air, looking west
Vieques
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Casa Alcaldía (City Hall), Isabel Segunda
Vieques
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Topographic Map of Vieques, 1951 with wards (barrios)
Vieques
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Sub-tropical dry forest on Vieques
