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Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
The Lonely Island
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The Lonely Island is an American comedy trio, formed by Akiva Schaffer, Andy Samberg, and Jorma Taccone in Berkeley, California in 2001. The trio first met the previous decade in junior high, after graduating from college, they regrouped and moved to Los Angeles, California, where they struggled to find work and began making short films, combining absurdist comedy and occasionally music. Among the first performers to post their material on the Internet, they involved themselves with Channel 101 and their popularity at the screenings led to unsuccessful pilot deals with Fox and Comedy Central, but also a writing job for the 2005 MTV Movie Awards. The shows host, Jimmy Fallon, recommended them to Lorne Michaels, the group was hired for Saturday Night Live in 2005, with all three as writers and Samberg as a featured player. Bypassing the traditional process of pitching, they recorded their own material independently and their second sketch to air, Lazy Sunday, became an online sensation, the first of many viral videos they produced while at SNL. Their musical comedic work has comprised three full albums, Incredibad, Turtleneck & Chain, and The Wack Album. The three retired from SNL in the early 2010s, but occasionally make guest appearances. The troupe has written, directed and starred in two films, Hot Rod, released in 2007, and Popstar, Never Stop Never Stopping, co-produced by Judd Apatow. The Lonely Island first formed at Willard Junior High School in Berkeley, Schaffer and Taccone first met in seventh grade Spanish class, and the group later expanded to include Samberg, a year behind the two. The trio belonged to a group of friends interested in skateboarding. Each had plans to pursue the arts following their graduation from Berkeley High School, Taccone attended the University of California, Los Angeles to study theatre, while Schaffer and Samberg both attended the University of California, Santa Cruz as film students. Samberg later transferred to New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts in his sophomore year, following college, the trio regrouped in Berkeley to decide their future. Their two options — either stay in Berkeley and begin making films or move to Los Angeles, get real jobs. In September 2000, they moved to Los Angeles and created their website and they named themselves The Lonely Island, after the modest, low-rent L. A. apartment they shared. Their roommate was a musician, and their nights together often led to the trio making comedic rap songs. They released their work under Creative Commons licenses, which allowed anyone to distribute their content, in December 2001, they produced a pilot for a television series titled The Lonely Island, the first episode, White Power. Involved the three becoming addicted to teeth whitening products, the video gained the trio agents, and was notable for a scene in which they mug an elderly woman. During the shoot, actor Kiefer Sutherland, not realizing it was a video and their agents requested they convert their shorts to VHS tape, as they did not have high-speed Internet at the time
3.
Incredibad
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Incredibad is the debut studio album of the American comedy troupe The Lonely Island, released on February 10,2009, through Universal Republic Records. The album is composed of tracks composed by the troupe for broadcast on NBCs Saturday Night Live. Samberg was hired as a cast member, with Schaffer and Taccone as writers for the series in late 2005, after the quick production and national success of Lazy Sunday, the comedians began writing and recording tracks for their debut album. Collaborators on the album include T-Pain, Norah Jones, Jack Black, E-40, Julian Casablancas, Sly & Robbie, DJ Nu-Mark, J-Zone, Natalie Portman, Chris Parnell, and Justin Timberlake. The comedy group was formed by the three friends while in high school in the mid-1990s in Berkeley, California. By the turn of the millennium, the three struggling comedy writers graduated from college and created a website, the Lonely Island, to house their self-produced skits and video experiments. Short movies including everything from cartoons assembled from clips of old Nintendo games to satirical rap videos in the styles of their favorite hip-hop artists, honestly, almost every single one of the films was done at like 4 in the morning, kind of drunk, recalled Taccone. The Internet allowed the three to develop their comic voices without the pressure of having to deliver professionally polished work. The videos provided the team with new opportunities, they landed an agent and pilot deals with Comedy Central and Fox, the three soon landed writing jobs for the 2005 MTV Movie Awards. Hosted by Saturday Night Live alum Jimmy Fallon, Fallon was impressed by the material and recommended them to Lorne Michaels, creator. The group spent four days frantically writing in preparation for Sambergs audition as a cast member, there were about three days where we were facing the possibility that we might have to split up, said Samberg. It was the biggest relief ever, in September 2005, Andy Samberg joined the cast of the show for its 31st season, with Schaffer and Taccone hired as writers for the series. Samberg became a rookie on the show, toiling long hours to earn a spot in a skit or two, along with cast member Chris Parnell, the group wrote Lazy Sunday on the evening of December 12,2005. They recorded the night in the office The Lonely Island occupied together. Whilst colleagues were rehearsing and rewriting that Saturdays show, the spent the morning of December 15 shooting their video with a borrowed camera. The video was shot around Manhattan using multiple low-budget techniques, Schaffer spent the entire next night editing the video and working with technicians to bring it up to broadcast standards. In the moments preceding the live performance and broadcast, the team learned from Michaels that Lazy Sunday would be shown on that nights show. The three comedians were very worried about how the video would be received by the studio audience, by the next morning, the video was a national cultural sensation, with congratulatory phone calls delivered from friends for breathing fresh air into the show
4.
Electro (music)
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Electro is a genre of electronic music and early hip hop directly influenced by the use of the Roland TR-808 drum machines, and funk. This is the distinction between electro and previously prominent genres such as disco, in which the electronic sound was only part of the instrumentation. It also palpably deviates from its predecessor boogie for being less vocal-oriented, following the decline of disco music in the United States, electro emerged as a fusion of funk and New York boogie. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak. By the mid 1980s, the genre moved away from its electronic and funk influences, using harder edged beats and rock samples, Electro became popular again in the late 1990s with artists such as Anthony Rother and DJs such as Dave Clarke. A third wave of popularity occurred in 2007, Electro has branched out into subgenres, including Electrocore and Skweee, which developed in Sweden and Finland. From its inception, one of the characteristics of the electro sound was the use of drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. As the genre evolved, computers and sampling replaced drum machines in electronic music and it is important to note, that although the electro of the 1980s and contemporary electro both grew out of the dissolution of disco, they are now different genres. Classic electro drum patterns tend to be electronic emulations of breakbeats, with a kick drum. The difference between electro drumbeats and breakbeats is that electro tends to be mechanical, while breakbeats tend to have more of a human-like feel. The definition however is somewhat ambiguous in nature due to the uses of the term. The Roland TR-808 drum machine hit the market in 1980, defining early electro with its immediately recognizable sound, staccato, percussive drumbeats tended to dominate electro, almost exclusively provided by the TR-808. As an inexpensive way of producing a sound, the TR-808 caught on quickly with the producers of early electro because of the ability of its bass drum to generate extreme low-frequencies. This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs and its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to the electro sound. A number of songs in the early 1980s employed the TR-808, including Marvin Gaye’s “Sexual Healing, ” Cybotron’s “Clear, ” and Afrika Bambaataa’s “Planet Rock. ”The Roland TR-808 has attained iconic status. Through the use of samples, the Roland TR-808 remains popular in electro, most electro is instrumental, but a common element is vocals processed through a vocoder. Additionally, speech synthesis may be used to create robotic or mechanical lyrical content, as in the iconic Planet Rock, although primarily instrumental, early electro utilized rap
5.
Universal Republic Records
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Universal Republic Records was an American record label, that operated as a division of Universal Music Group. It was based on the then-defunct Republic Records label founded by brothers Monte, in mid-2012, the label reverted to its original Republic Records name, making this label defunct. As of 2006, Universal Republic has adopted an A&R and partnership-based growth strategy, in an era of music industry transition they have proven effective, as Universal Republic has continued to grow in the industrys declining years. Universal Republic become a label after Universal Motown Republic Group was shut down in summer 2011. One year later, it was renamed back to Republic Records, in chronological order are current Republic artists,2006, Hinder. 2012, The Weeknd signed with Universal Republic in September 2012 in a joint venture with his own imprint label XO,2012, Austin Mahone 2012, Lisa Marie Presley Republic Nashvilles The Band Perry, and James Blake. Universal Republic Records discography at Discogs
6.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
7.
Andy Samberg
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Andrew David Andy Samberg is an American actor, filmmaker, musician and comedian. He is a member of the comedy group The Lonely Island and was a cast member on Saturday Night Live and he occasionally goes by the stage name Young Sandwich. He currently stars in the police sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine, for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 2014. Samberg was born in Berkeley, California, as David A. J. Samberg and his mother, Marjorie Margi, is an elementary school teacher, and his father, Joe, is a photographer. He has two sisters, Johanna and Darrow and he is Jewish, his maternal grandfather, industrial psychologist and philanthropist Alfred J. Marrow, served as the executive chair of the American Jewish Congress. Samberg has described himself as not particularly religious and he is a third cousin of U. S. Senator Tammy Baldwin, as their grandfathers were first cousins. Samberg discovered Saturday Night Live as a child, while sneaking past his parents to watch professional wrestling on television and he was obsessed with the show and his devotion to comedy was frustrating to teachers who felt he was distracted from his schoolwork. Samberg graduated from Berkeley High School in 1996, where he interested in creative writing and has stated that were the ones that I put all my effort into. Thats what I cared about and thats what I ended up doing and he attended college at University of California, Santa Cruz for two years before transferring to New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts, where he graduated in 2000. Samberg majored in film, including the music video for James Kochalkas song Monkey vs. Robot as Monkey. He became a YouTube and internet star and made his own comedy videos with his two friends Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone, when YouTube was created in 2005, the streaming of their videos became much more widespread over the internet. Samberg became a player on SNL in part because of the work he had done on their sketch comedy website TheLonelyIsland. com. Prior to joining its cast, Samberg was a member of the comedy troupe The Lonely Island, the trio began writing for Saturday Night Live in 2005 and released their debut album, Incredibad in 2009. Samberg appeared in theatrical films, commercials, music videos and hosted special events. In 2012, Samberg delivered the Class Day speech at Harvard University, and U. S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders as having an unkempt appearance, Is it just me or does Bernie Sanders always seem like his flight is delayed. Samberg starred in Sleater-Kinneys No Cities to Love video along with celebrities such as Fred Armisen, Ellen Page. On May 16,2016, Samberg and the Lonely Island performed their 2009 hit Im on a Boat with classroom instruments on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon
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Akiva Schaffer
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Akiva D. Kiv Schaffer is an American film director, comedian, producer, writer, and actor. He is a member of the comedy group The Lonely Island, Schaffer was born in Berkeley, California. He majored in film at University of California, Santa Cruz, Schaffer directed, co-wrote, and edited the majority of the SNL Digital Shorts. He also sang in The Creep with Samberg and Taccone, as well as Diaper Money and part of the call, Schaffer has also contributed to several other Channel 101 productions as part of The Lonely Island. Schaffer has directed four music videos for the band We Are Scientists, hot Rod only earned 14 million dollars back of its 25 million dollar production budget during its entire theatrical run. Schaffer was on hiatus from Saturday Night Live from January until March to do work on The Adventurers Handbook starring Jonah Hill, Jason Segel. Hill and writing partner, Max Winkler, wrote the script, Schaffer was credited as an executive producer on the film MacGruber. The film was co-written and directed by Jorma Taccone, other songs include Jack Sparrow on The Lonely Islands second album, Turtleneck & Chain. After co-writing the MTV Movie Awards for two years with his Lonely Island collaborators, Schaffer returned in 2009 to help co-produce the show which was hosted by Andy Samberg and his second feature film directorial project, The Watch, was released on July 27,2012. The Watch earned US$67.9 million during its theatrical run, Schaffer is married to comedy writer and actress Liz Cackowski, with whom he has two children. In 2007, Schaffer won an Emmy for his participation in the production of Dick in a Box and he was nominated for an Emmy for the song Motherlover. He was featured in Peoples Sexiest Bachelor with Andy Samberg, as Sexiest Best Friends and he has also won two Writers Guild of America Award and a Peabody Award for his work on Saturday Night Live. The Lonely Island was nominated in 2009 for a Peoples Choice Award, the Lonely Island Akiva Schaffer at the Internet Movie Database
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Jorma Taccone
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Jorma Christopher Jorm Taccone is an American actor, comedian, director, producer, writer, record producer, and musician. Taccone is one third of the comedy troupe The Lonely Island along with childhood friends Andy Samberg. In 2010, he co-wrote and directed the SNL spin-off film MacGruber, Taccone directed his second feature with Akiva Schaffer, the musical comedy Popstar, Never Stop Never Stopping, which he also co-wrote and co-starred with Schaffer and Samberg. The film was released on June 3,2016 to positive reviews, Taccone was born in Berkeley, California, the son of Sue Ellen and Tony Taccone, who is the artistic director of the Berkeley Repertory Theatre. His father is of half Italian and half Puerto Rican descent and he is a graduate of UCLA Film School. Jormas brother, Asa Taccone, is a member of the band Electric Guest and he is married to Marielle Heller, with whom he has a child, and lives in New York City. In Fall 2005, Samberg, Taccone, and Schaffer joined the staff of NBCs late night variety show Saturday Night Live, as a director, Taccone is responsible for the SNL shorts MacGruber, Business Meeting, Sloths, Giraffes, and others. He also directed a MacGruber Pepsi commercial spot for the 43rd Super Bowl which aired February 1,2009, in 2007, Taccone co-starred in Paramounts Hot Rod. Taccone is also one of the actors in the music video Jizz in My Pants. He also plays Guy #2 in We Like Sportz, reprising the role from Just 2 Guyz, Taccone played the lead role of Brett in The Lonely Islands The ’Bu, the groups record-breaking contribution to Channel 101, where he played a ninja who did not belong. The ’Bu, a parody of The OC, also starred Sarah Chalke as Melissa, in the groups first Channel 101 show, ITV Buzz Countdown, Taccone played Chris Hoffman, a fictional VJ on a parody of MTVs Total Request Live. Taccone appeared as Cha-Ka in Universals 2009 film Land of the Lost, the film also starred Will Ferrell. In August 2009, he directed his first film, an adaptation of the Saturday Night Live sketch MacGruber and was featured as part of the male vocals on Lightspeed Champions album Life Is Sweet. As of SNLs 36th season, Jorma is no longer cited in the end credits, though he is listed on the NBC website as a writer. According to his bands website, thelonelyisland. com, however and it was later confirmed that Jorma had left Saturday Night Live, though he worked on some shorts in the 36th season. Taccone acted in season 5 of MyDamnChannels Wainy Days and is the Director of the AT&T Wireless Its Not Complicated television advertising campaign and he also had a recurring role on the HBO show Girls, as the character Booth Jonathan. In 2015 Taccone appeared in the highly popular kickstarter short movie Kung Fury, in his role as Adolf Hitler he travels forward in time in the pursuit of becoming the ultimate Kung Fu master in order to take over the world. Unfortunately for Hitler, in Terminator-esque fashion the true master, Kung Fury
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Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
Dick in a Box
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Dick in a Box is the debut single by American comedy troupe The Lonely Island, featuring singer Justin Timberlake. The song and music video debuted on Saturday Night Live as an SNL Digital Short on December 16,2006. The video depicts two early-1990s R&B ballad singers Andy and Raif crooning a holiday song about making a gift for their girlfriends of their penises wrapped in boxes topped with bows. The song originated from Saturday Night Live executive producer Lorne Michaels, Dick in a Box was recorded in one night while its music video filmed the following day. After being screened by NBC executives for content, the short debuted less than a few hours later, in its original network airing, the word dick, a recurring word in the chorus, was bleeped 16 times. Saturday Night Live producers made the decision to publish the uncensored version of the short online after its broadcast debut under the titles “Special Treat in a Box” or “Special Christmas Box”. Like its predecessor, Lazy Sunday, Dick in a Box became a viral hit on the Internet. It received a favorable audience and critical reception. The song won the Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Music & Lyrics in 2007, the popularity of the short led to ongoing collaborations with Timberlake in his succeeding SNL visits, in 2009 with Motherlover and 3-Way in 2011. The music video portrays two balladeers aka 2,30 AM, singing about giving Christmas gifts to their sweethearts, each singer has a gift-wrapped box attached to his waist. The lyrics include step-by-step instructions on how to create the gift and they also sing about how a dick in a box is better than other gifts and is suitable for any holiday or occasion. At the end of the film, they are arrested and taken away by the NYPD, presumably for indecent exposure, after they bring their boxes backstage at the CMAs. Samberg said the team originally came up with a different idea for Timberlake. Taccone came up with the dick in a box premise, according to Samberg, Timberlake didnt even blink upon hearing the idea, and was immediately receptive to recording it. Timberlake recalled that the musicians were laughing hysterically during its production, though his voice cracked a few times during recording and he was a bit nervous working with Timberlake, Samberg said his insanely easygoing attitude put him at ease. Another executive suggested that a disclaimer be placed before the Web-only version of the video that warned of its explicit content, the video was edited most of Saturday, in time for its television debut. An uncensored version was available on the Saturday Night Live website after the show was aired. NBC added the video to YouTube, where it received more than 28 million views, at least 18 additional copies were also posted to various YouTube and Google Video accounts, bringing the total views to over 35.3 million
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I'm on a Boat
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Im on a Boat is a single from The Lonely Islands debut album Incredibad. It was also featured as a Saturday Night Live Digital Short, the song features R&B singer T-Pain. The song, produced by Wyshmaster, is a parody of many rap video clichés, the music video reached number one on YouTube in February 2009 and was number one on the US iTunes music video chart. The song was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 52nd Grammy Awards, the Lonely Island has also performed the song live on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon with Black Thought filling in for T-Pain. The song features an aggressive delivery of the lyrics which are peppered with strong profanity throughout while making simple proclamations, Schaffer at one time claims to be riding a wild dolphin, and doing flips, and at another time to be climbing buoys. Directed by Akiva Schaffer, the opens with Andy Samberg — who is sitting at the kitchen table with bandmates Akiva Schaffer. To his delight, a coupon for a boat ride for three falls out of the box. The three men are next seen atop the yacht Never Say Never in Biscayne Bay, Florida, giving the song four stars, Rolling Stone said it is one of the strongest Saturday Night Live hip-hop hits since Eddie Murphy was funny. Stereogum called the tune a 2,42 masterclass in stunting, club said the song holds up well on physical media. As of April 2011, the video has been viewed more than 110 million times on YouTube alone and was featured by Entertainment Weekly, Stereogum, and G4s Attack of the Show. On April 8,2016, Elon Musk briefly tweeted out, then subsequently deleted, Im on a Boat music video on YouTube Im on a Boat music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
13.
SNL Digital Short
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An SNL Digital Short is one in a series of comedic and often musical video shorts created for NBCs Saturday Night Live. Generally produced and written by The Lonely Island, the series was originated by Adam McKay, in collaboration with SNL hosts, writers, the segments were originally recorded with consumer grade digital video cameras and edited on personal computers. It is usual for the hosts and musical guests to take part in the episodes short. The shorts generally took fewer than five days to complete, Akiva Schaffer has directed a majority of them, with Taccone as occasional director or co-director. Taccone, along with his brother, Asa, have produced music for the shorts as necessary, another short was aired during the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special on February 15,2015. On May 21st,2016, another short was aired to promote The Lonely Islands new movie, Popstar,11 shorts were aired during the 2005–2006 season. A total of 12 shorts were created for 2006–2007, a total of 11 shorts were created for 2007–2008. A total of 16 shorts were created for the 2008–2009 season, a total of 19 shorts were created for the 2009–2010 season. A total of 17 shorts were created for the 2010–2011 season, a total of 14 shorts were created for the 2011–2012 season. One short was aired during the 2012–2013 season and it was during an episode hosted by Adam Levine featuring a live cameo by Andy Samberg. Two shorts aired during the 2013-14 season, in the episode hosted by Andy Samberg, one short was aired during the 2014-15 season. One short was aired during the 2015-16 season and these shorts were filmed and shown to the studio audience during the weekly SNL dress rehearsal, but were not included in the live show and have yet to appear on air. Produced by The Lonely Island, and/or labeled Digital Shorts on official YouTube postings, as with the Digital Shorts, these are directed by Akiva Schaffer. However, according to the official LonelyIsland website, the MacGruber shorts are directed by Jorma Taccone, the short Lazy Sunday, which aired December 17,2005, was viewed more than five million times on YouTube alone before it was removed due to copyright infringement. In late 2006, however, NBC began uploading SNL shorts on YouTube themselves, the short Dick in a Box which aired in December 2006, was viewed more than 28 million times on YouTube. It was available uncut on YouTube with a warning, stating that the sketch contained explicit language that was censored from the television version. The short also won an Emmy Award, the Shooting, also known as Dear Sister, was broadcast during an episode aired April 14,2007. The short satirizes the final scene of The O. C. s second-season finale and it nevertheless became immensely popular on YouTube with artists making parodies, re-enactments and other references
14.
Saturday Night Live
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Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11,1975, under the original title NBCs Saturday Night, the shows comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest and features performances by a musical guest, an episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, Live from New York, its Saturday Night. In 1980, Michaels left the series to other opportunities. He was replaced by Jean Doumanian, who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews, Ebersol ran the show until 1985, when Michaels returned, Michaels has remained since then. Many of SNLs cast found national stardom while appearing on the show, others associated with the show, such as writers, have gone on to successful careers creating, writing, or starring in TV and film. The show format has developed and recreated in several countries. Successful sketches have seen life outside of the show as feature films, throughout four decades on air, Saturday Night Live has received a number of awards, including 50 Primetime Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards, and three Writers Guild of America Awards. In 2000, it was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame and it was ranked tenth in TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list, and in 2007 it was listed as one of Time magazines 100 Best TV Shows of All-TIME. As of 2012, it has received 156 Emmy nominations, the most received by any TV show, the live aspect of the show has resulted in several controversies and acts of censorship, with mistakes and intentional acts of sabotage by performers as well as guests. From 1965 until September 1975, NBC ran The Best of Carson reruns of The Tonight Show, in 1974, Johnny Carson announced that he wanted the weekend shows pulled and saved so that they could be aired during weeknights, allowing him to take time off. In 1974, NBC president Herbert Schlosser approached his vice president of late night programming, Dick Ebersol, at the suggestion of Paramount Pictures executive Barry Diller, Schlosser and Ebersol then approached Lorne Michaels. Over the next three weeks, Ebersol and Michaels developed the idea for a variety show featuring high-concept comedy sketches, political satire. By 1975 Michaels had assembled a talented cast, including Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael ODonoghue, Gilda Radner, and George Coe. The show was originally called NBCs Saturday Night, because Saturday Night Live was in use by Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell on the rival network ABC, NBC purchased the rights to the name in 1976 and officially adopted the new title on March 26,1977. In 1975 and 1976, they were the most desirable demographic for television advertisers, NBC executives agreed with Michaels and decided to keep the show on the air despite many angry letters and phone calls that the network received from viewers who were offended by certain sketches. Chevy Chase left the show in November of the season and was replaced a few months later by the then-unknown comic actor Bill Murray. Aykroyd and Belushi left the show in 1979 after the end of season four, in May 1980, Michaels—emotionally and physically exhausted—requested to put the show on hiatus for a year to give him time and energy to pursue other projects
15.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
16.
Justin Timberlake
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Justin Randall Timberlake is an American singer-songwriter, actor and record producer. Born and raised in Tennessee, he appeared on the television shows Star Search, in the late 1990s, Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC, which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time. With his first two albums exceeding sales of 10 million copies worldwide, he was established as one of the most commercially successful singers of the decade, furthermore, he produced records and collaborated with other artists. For his live performances, including the concert tour for the albums, he began performing with his band The Tennessee Kids, composed by instrumentalists. Timberlake voiced the character in DreamWorks Animations Trolls, which soundtrack includes his fifth Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping single. Among numerous awards and accolades, Timberlake has won ten Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and 2013. His other ventures include record label Tennman Records, fashion label William Rast, Timberlake was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of Lynn Harless and Charles Randall Timberlake, a Baptist church choir director. Timberlake grew up in Shelby Forest, a community between Memphis and Millington. He has two half-brothers, Jonathan and Stephen, from Charles second marriage to Lisa Perry and his half-sister Laura Katherine died shortly after birth on May 12,1997, and is mentioned in his acknowledgments in the album NSYNC as My Angel in Heaven. He was inspired to become a performer by Janet Jackson, saying She didnt just stand there and sing her song, fascinated by her energy, at the age of 11, Timberlake appeared on the television show Star Search, performing country music songs as Justin Randall. Timberlake then recruited Chasez to be in a singing group, organized by boy band manager Lou Pearlman. The boy band NSYNC formed in 1995, and began their career in 1996 in Europe, Timberlake and Chasez served as its two lead singers. In 1998, the rose to prominence in the United States with the release of their self-titled debut studio album. Their second album No Strings Attached sold 2.4 million copies in the first week, nSYNCs third album Celebrity was also financially successful. Upon the completion of the Celebrity Tour, the group went into hiatus in 2002, in late 1999, Timberlake appeared in the Disney Channel movie Model Behavior. He played Jason Sharpe, a model who falls in love with a waitress after mistaking her for another model and it was released on March 12,2000. The rise of his own stardom and the decline in the popularity of boy bands led to the dissolution of NSYNC. Band member Lance Bass was openly critical of Timberlakes actions in his memoir Out of Sync and his debut solo studio album Justified was released in November and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 439,000 copies, fewer than previous N Sync releases
17.
Molly Sims
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Molly Sims is an American model and actress. She rose to prominence for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues, Sims was born on May 25,1973, in Murray, Kentucky, the youngest of two children. She is the daughter of Dottie and Jim Sims and she has an older brother, Todd. Following her graduation from Murray High School in 1990, Sims enrolled in Vanderbilt University to study political science, in 1993, when Sims was 19 years old, she dropped out to pursue a career in modeling. At Vanderbilt, she was a member of Delta Delta Delta, Sims married Scott Stuber on September 24,2011. The couple have one son, Brooks Alan Stuber, and a daughter, on August 9,2016, Sims announced she and Stuber are expecting their third child. On January 10,2017, Sims gave birth to a son, Sims was an official spokesmodel for Old Navy ads known for using the tag line You gotta get this look. She appeared in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 2000,2001,2002,2004 and 2006 as well as MTVs House of Style. In the 2006 issue of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue she appeared in a photo wearing a bikini designed by Susan Rosen worth $30 million that was made of diamonds and she is a CoverGirl model and is signed to Next Models Management in New York City. She appeared as Delinda Deline, for all five seasons of the series Las Vegas and she has appeared in several comedy films, such as The Benchwarmers, Yes Man, The Pink Panther 2 and Fired Up. She has also appeared in We Are All Made of Stars music video by Moby in 2002, in 2004, Sims launched Grayce by Molly Sims, a jewelry line which consists of necklaces, earrings, rings and bracelets. The collection is available at HSN, Henri Bendel, Scoop, Ron Herman, on December 6,2008 Sims appeared in the video for The Lonely Islands Jizz in My Pants as the girl with Andy Samberg in the beginning of the skit. Sims is a Global Ambassador for Population Services Internationals Five & Alive program and she is also an ambassador for Operation Smile. Official website Molly Sims at the Fashion Model Directory Molly Sims at the Internet Movie Database Molly Sims at MTV
18.
Jamie-Lynn Sigler
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Jamie-Lynn Sigler is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Meadow Soprano on the HBO series The Sopranos, Sigler was born in Jericho, New York, the daughter of Steve and Connie Sigler. She has two brothers, Brian and Adam and her father was the founder of the Mens Senior Baseball League and is of Greek Sephardic Jewish and Romanian Jewish descent. Her Cuban mother was born Catholic and converted to Judaism upon marrying Siglers father, Sigler began acting and singing at the age of seven. She went to Hebrew school and had a bat mitzvah and she also studied at the Cultural Arts Playhouse in Old Bethpage. In 1997, she was cast as Meadow Soprano, daughter of New Jersey mob boss Tony Soprano, the show premiered in 1999 and became a huge success, catapulting Sigler to fame as a TV actress. She continued to play the role through the finale in 2007. In 2000, while filming Campfire Stories in Hamburg, New Jersey, Sigler played the title role in Cinderella on tour and at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden in 2001. She then spent five months on Broadway from October 2002 through February 2003 playing Belle in Beauty and she has continued to appear in theatrical roles. In 2004, she starred as Hollywood Madam Heidi Fleiss in the USA television movie Call Me, The Rise, in that same year, she had her first starring feature film role, Extreme Dating, an independent film. In 2005, Sigler starred in Love Wrecked and the year in Homie Spumoni, when she played the role of Alli. In 2008, she appeared as herself in 13 episodes of the fifth and sixth season of the HBO series Entourage. In the fifth season, she appeared in the episodes First Class Jerk, Playing With Fire and Return to Queens Blvd, as the love interest of the character Sal Turtle Assante, portrayed by Jerry Ferrara. She returned as a recurring guest star for six of the series. On November 17,2008, Sigler guest-starred as Jillian on the TV series How I Met Your Mother in the episode Woooo. On the December 6,2008 airing of Saturday Night Live, in 2009, she starred in the psychological thriller film Beneath the Dark, which originally had a working title of Wake. The same year, she appeared on ABCs Ugly Betty in a five-episode arc, beginning in 2012, she appeared as a main character in the short-lived series, Guys with Kids. In 2001, she released a pop album called Here to Heaven, the album was a commercial failure
19.
OK Go
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OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California. The band is composed of Damian Kulash, Tim Nordwind, Dan Konopka and Andy Ross, the band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos. The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two albums before Duncans departure. The bands video for Here It Goes Again won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007, the bands lead singer, Damian Kulash, met bassist Tim Nordwind at Interlochen Arts Camp when they were 11. Kulash was in for graphic design, Nordwind for music, the band name comes from an art teacher of the band members saying, OK. They kept in touch after camp, often exchanging mixtapes which influenced each others musical taste and they met the bands future guitarist and keyboardist Andy Duncan in high school. Nordwind and Duncan moved to Chicago for college, where they formed the band Stanleys Joyful Noise with drummer Dan Konopka, the name OK Go was adopted in 1998, when Kulash moved to Chicago to join the band. At the end of 2000, the band was invited by radio host Ira Glass to serve as the band for live performances of This American Life in Boston, New York. The band self-released two EPs, titled Brown EP and Pink EP, which were culled from an albums worth of songs recorded in February 2000 with producer Dave Trumfio, to serve as demos. Though the members of OK Go eventually left for Los Angeles and New York, in a 2011 interview, Kulash described the bands formative years, “As far as the band is concerned, we only have one home town. We all live in L. A. Chicago had such a close-knit, the Empty Bottle was where it all started for us. We played at the Metro and the Double Door as well, the band released its debut album, OK Go, on September 17,2002, after it was pushed back by the label from its original June release date. To promote the release, the label sent out miniature ping pong tables to press outlets, in the United States, the album reached #1 on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart and #107 on the Billboard 200 Chart. In the United Kingdom, the first single Get Over It debuted at no,27, in the UK singles chart on March 16,2003, and the band performed it on that weeks edition of Top of the Pops. Also that week, the video was named video of the week by Q magazine. The bands second album, Oh No, was recorded in Malmö, Sweden in the fall of 2004 and was produced by Tore Johansson and mixed by Dave Sardy. After recording, in February 2005, Andy Duncan left the band citing creative differences, major label pressures, and the bands rigorous touring schedule. Ross introduced himself to the fans by writing a blog entitled The Will To Rock
20.
Here It Goes Again
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Here It Goes Again is an alternative rock/power pop song by OK Go, and is the third released single from the album Oh No. It also appears on the compilation album Now 23 and it was the bands only single to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, until I Wont Let You Down entered the Hot 100 in November 2014. Featuring the band dancing on treadmills, the became a staple on YouTube, it was one of the most watched videos, with over 52 million views. In addition, the peaked at #36 in the UK Singles Chart on October 1,2006, hence marking their second UK Top 40 single. Its B-side, The Lovecats, a cover of The Cures single, was released on the bands Do What You Want EP. An alternate version was nicknamed UK Surf, written by Damian Kulash Jr. the three-minute Here It Goes Again is set in common time at a Moderately fast rock tempo of 144 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of C major, with the vocal range spanning from C4 to A4, Kulash also sang and played the guitar in the original mix, which was produced by Tore Johansson with co-production done by Eric Drew Feldman, Howard Willing and Ken Sluiter. Andy Ross was another guitarist on the track and was keyboardist as well, other instruments on the recording include drums performed by Dan Konopka and bass by Tim Nordwind. David Carlsson and Petter Lindgård were the engineer, with Jens Lindgård being the engineering assistant. Recorded at Gula Studion in Malmö, Sweden, it was mixed at The Village Recorder in Los Angeles by Dave Sardy, the music video of the song is an elaborate performance of the band dancing on treadmills in a single continuous take. Choreographed by Trish Sie and directed by Sie and the band, the video debuted on YouTube on July 31,2006. As of March 2010, it had been viewed over 50 million times and it premiered on VH1s Top 20 Countdown that same day. OK Go performed the dance routine live at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, the music video won the 2007 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video and the 2006 YouTube awards for Most Creative Video. In July 2011, the video was named one of The 30 All-TIME Best Music Videos by Time Magazine. It was also featured on the video game Rock Band, according to MTV Gamess Paul McGooyer, a portion of the song and video were used in the 2008 video game Dance Dance Revolution X. Here it Goes Again appeared in the E32016 trailer for Lego Dimensions, parodies of the video have appeared on The Simpsons, The Fairly OddParents and Fosters Home for Imaginary Friends. During the summer of 2006, the recorded a slower version of Here It Goes Again in their attic. This version, dubbed UK Surf or the UK Surf Mix, was released on iTunes in the UK the same day as the single
21.
Hulu
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Hulu is an American subscription video on demand service owned by Hulu LLC, a joint venture with The Walt Disney Company, 21st Century Fox, Comcast, and as of August 10,2016, Time Warner. It is primarily oriented towards television series, carrying current and past episodes of series from its owners respective television networks, the subscription service is, in turn, divided into advertising-supported and mostly ad-free tiers. In 2016, Hulu spun out its content into a joint venture with Yahoo. called Yahoo. View and announced plans for a television streaming service some time in 2017. The name Hulu comes from two Mandarin Chinese words, húlú, calabash, bottle gourd, and hùlù, interactive recording, the company blog explains, In Mandarin, Hulu has two interesting meanings, each highly relevant to our mission. The primary meaning interested us because it is used in an ancient Chinese proverb that describes the Hulu as the holder of precious things and it literally translates to gourd, and in ancient times, the Hulu was hollowed out and used to hold precious things. The secondary meaning is interactive recording and we saw both definitions as appropriate bookends and highly relevant to the mission of Hulu. Key executives instrumental in the founding of Hulu include Bruce Campbell, Peter Chernin, JB Perrette, Michael Lang, Beth Comstock, the venture was announced in March 2006 with AOL, Comcast, Facebook, MSN, Myspace, and Yahoo. planned as initial distribution partners. Kilar was named the CEO in June 2006, the name Hulu was chosen in late August 2007, when the website went live, with an announcement only and no content. It invited users to leave their addresses for the upcoming beta test. In October, Hulu began the private beta testing by invitation, Hulu launched for public access in the United States on March 12,2008. The first product to launch was the HULU Syndication network, which was designed and developed by the NBC Universal team from New York, on October 29,2007, followed by the Hulu. com destinations site. Hulu began a campaign during NBCs broadcast of Super Bowl XLIII with an initial ad starring Alec Baldwin titled Alec in Huluwood. The ad intended to reveal the shocking secret behind Hulu. Advertisements have since aired featuring Eliza Dushku, Seth MacFarlane, Denis Leary, with its investment came a seat on the board of directors, where Providence was said to act as an independent voice on the board. In October 2012, Providence sold its 10 percent stake to Hulus media owners, ComScore says monthly video streams reached 903 million in January 2010, over three times the figure for a year earlier, and second only to YouTube. On August 16,2010, a report revealed that Hulu was planning an Initial Public Offering which could value the company at more than $2 billion. On June 21,2011, The Wall Street Journal reported that an unsolicited offer caused Hulu to begin weighing whether to sell itself
22.
Received Pronunciation
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Peter Trudgill estimated in 1974 that 3% of people in Britain were RP speakers, but this rough estimate has been questioned by the phonetician J. Windsor Lewis. Since the 1960s, a greater permissiveness towards regional English varieties has taken hold in education, an individual using RP will typically speak Standard English, although the converse or inverse is not necessarily true. The standard language may be pronounced with an accent and the contrapositive is usually correct. It is very unlikely that someone speaking RP would use it to speak a regional dialect, the introduction of the term Received Pronunciation is usually credited to Daniel Jones. However, the term had actually been used earlier by Alexander Ellis in 1869 and P. S. Du Ponceau in 1818 According to Fowlers Modern English Usage. The word received conveys its meaning of accepted or approved. RP is often believed to be based on the accents of southern England and this was the most populated and most prosperous area of England during the 14th and 15th centuries. By the end of the 15th century, Standard English was established in the City of London, some linguists have used the term RP while expressing reservations about its suitability. Other writers have used the name BBC Pronunciation. He used the term General British in his 1970s publication of A Concise Pronouncing Dictionary of American and British English, Received Pronunciation has sometimes been called Oxford English, as it used to be the accent of most members of the University of Oxford. The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association uses the name Standard Southern British, page 4 reads, Standard Southern British is the modern equivalent of what has been called Received Pronunciation. It is an accent of the south east of England which operates as a prestige norm there and in parts of the British Isles. Faced with the difficulty of defining RP, many writers have tried to distinguish between different sub-varieties, later editions use the terms General, Refined and Regional. Wells refers to mainstream RP and U-RP, he suggests that Gimsons categories of Conservative and Advanced RP referred to the U-RP of the old, however, Wells stated, It is difficult to separate stereotype from reality with U-RP. Upton distinguishes between RP, Traditional RP, and an older version which he identifies with Cruttendens Refined RP. An article on the website of the British Library refers to Conservative, Mainstream, the modern style of RP is an accent often taught to non-native speakers learning British English. Non-RP Britons abroad may modify their pronunciation to something closer to Received Pronunciation to be understood by people unfamiliar with the diversity of British accents. They may also modify their vocabulary and grammar to be closer to those of Standard English for the same reason
23.
Pet Shop Boys
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Pet Shop Boys are an English electronic pop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe. Pet Shop Boys have sold more than 50 million records worldwide, Other hit songs include a cover of Go West, Opportunities and What Have I Done to Deserve This. in a duet with Dusty Springfield. At the 2009 Brit Awards in London, Pet Shop Boys received an award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, in 2016, Billboard magazine named Pet Shop Boys the No.1 Billboard Dance duo/group over the 40 years since the charts inception in 1976. In 2017 the duo received NMEs Godlike Genius Award, Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe met in an electronics shop on Kings Road in Chelsea, London, in August 1981. Recognising a mutual interest in music, they began to work together on material, first in Tennants flat in Chelsea and from 1982. It was during early years that several future hit songs were created, including Its a Sin, West End Girls, Rent. Their big break came in August 1983, when Tennant was assigned by Smash Hits to interview The Police in New York, the duo were obsessed with a stream of Hi-NRG records made by New York producer Bobby Orlando, simply known as Bobby O. According to Tennant, I thought, well, if Ive got to go and see The Police play, in April 1984, the Orlando-produced West End Girls was released, becoming a club hit in Los Angeles and San Francisco. On 2 November, it was voted Screamer of the Week by listeners of Long Island and it was a minor dance hit in Belgium and France, but was only available in the United Kingdom as a 12 import. In March 1985, after negotiations, Pet Shop Boys cut their contractual ties with Bobby O. Hiring manager Tom Watkins, they signed with the London-based Parlophone label, in April, Tennant left Smash Hits and in July, a new single, Opportunities, was released, reaching number 116 in the UK. The B-side to this single, In the Night, later resurfaced, in a remixed version, as the opening track to the duos first remix album, Disco. This version was used as the theme for the UK television series The Clothes Show. Unperturbed by the low position, the band returned to the studio in August to re-record West End Girls with producer Stephen Hague. Released in October 1985, this new version entered the charts at a similarly low position. It was subsequently number one in the United States, Canada, Finland, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Israel, New Zealand and Norway and it remains the most-heard Pet Shop Boys song to date. After the success of West End Girls, Pet Shop Boys released a single, Love Comes Quickly. The single reached number 19 in the UK Singles Chart and was followed by their album, Please
24.
West End Girls
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West End Girls is a song by the British pop duo Pet Shop Boys. Written by Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe, the song was released twice as a single, the song is influenced by hip hop music, with lyrics concerned with class and the pressures of inner-city life which were inspired partly by T. S. Eliots poem The Waste Land. It was generally received by contemporary music critics and has been frequently cited as a highlight in the duos career. After the duo signed with EMI, the song was re-recorded with producer Stephen Hague for their first studio album, in October 1985, the new version was released, reaching number one in the United Kingdom and the United States in 1986. In 1987, the song won Best Single at the Brit Awards, in 2005,20 years after its release, the song was awarded Song of The Decade between the years 1985 and 1994 by the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters. In 2015 the song was voted by the British public as the nations 12th favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV, in 1983, Neil Tennant met producer Bobby Orlando, while on an assignment in New York interviewing Sting for Smash Hits. After listening to demos, Orlando offered to produce for the duo. Orlando played most of the instruments on West End Girls, including the jazz riff at the end, Lowe played one chord and the bassline. It included a drum part lifted from Michael Jacksons Billie Jean, Orlando was thrilled by the songs production, his idea was to make a rap record in a British accent. In March 1985, after negotiations, Pet Shop Boys cut their contractual ties with Orlando, and hired manager Tom Watkins. They re-recorded West End Girls with producer Stephen Hague, and re-released the song in late 1985, West End Girls is a synthpop song influenced by hip hop music. The songs socially conscious streak, as well as the bass line. Lowe and Hague created a snaky, obsessive rhythm punch for the music, replacing the songs previously sparse beats, Tennant started to write the song when he was staying at his cousins house in Nottingham while watching a gangster film. Just when he was going to sleep he came up with the lines, Sometimes youre better off dead, theres a gun in your hand and its pointing at your head. The lyrics were inspired by T. S. Eliots poem The Waste Land, particularly in the use of different narrative voices, the songs lyrics are largely concerned with class, inner-city pressure. Tennant later said that listeners had assumed the song referred to prostitutes. The Bobby Orlando-produced version of the single included another line, All your stopping, stalling and starting/Who do you think you are, which was removed for the 1985 version. West End Girls has been well received by music critics
25.
Timbaland
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Timothy Zachery Tim Mosley, known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, singer, songwriter, rapper and DJ. Timbalands first full credit production work was in 1996 on Ginuwine. the Bachelor for R&B singer Ginuwine, after further work on Aaliyahs 1996 album One in a Million and Missy Elliotts 1997 album Supa Dupa Fly, Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip hop artists. As a rapper he released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo. A Timbaland-owned imprint label, Mosley Music Group, featured such as Nelly Furtado. In 2007, Timbaland released an album, Shock Value. As a songwriter he has written as of 2014,85 UK hits and 99 hits Stateside, Timbaland has received widespread acclaim for his production style. Timothy Zachery Mosley was born on March 10,1972 in Norfolk, Virginia, to Latrice, who ran a shelter, and Garland Mosley. He graduated from Salem High School of Virginia Beach, Virginia, during his time as a DJ, he was known as DJ Tim or DJ Timmy Tim. His brother, Sebastian, is reportedly around nine years younger and his sister Courtney Rashon is a makeup artist and author from New Jersey. While attending high school, Timbaland began a collaboration with rapper Melvin Barcliff. The teenage Mosley also joined the production ensemble S. B. I. which also featured Neptunes producer Pharrell, Mosley was also high school friends with brothers Terrence and Gene Thornton, who would become known as Pusha T and Malice of the rap group Clipse, respectively. In 1986, when Timbaland was 14 years old, he was shot by a co-worker at a local Red Lobster restaurant and was partially paralyzed for nine months. During this time, he began to learn how to DJ using his left hand, singer and rapper Missy Elliott heard his material and began working with him. She and her R&B group, Sista, auditioned for DeVante Swing, DeVante signed Sista to his Swing Mob record label and Elliott brought Mosley and Barcliff along with her to New York, where Swing Mob was based. It was DeVante who renamed the young producer Timbaland, after the Timberland brand of construction boots. He and Magoo became part of SCI Zakys School stable of Swing Mob signees known as Da Bassment crew, joining artists such as R&B singer Ginuwine, male vocal group Playa, and the girl group Sugah. Timbaland did production work on a number of projects with DeVante, including the 1995 Jodeci LP The Show, The After-Party, The Hotel, Elliott began receiving recognition as a songwriter for artists such as R&B girl group 702 and MC Lyte. Due to Timbalands connection with her, he was contacted to produce remixes of her songs
26.
Ejaculation
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Ejaculation is the discharge of semen from the male reproductory tract, usually accompanied by orgasm. It is the stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation. In rare cases, ejaculation occurs because of prostatic disease, ejaculation may also occur spontaneously during sleep. Anejaculation is the condition of being unable to ejaculate, dysejaculation is an ejaculation that is painful or uncomfortable. A usual precursor to ejaculation is the arousal of the male, leading to the erection of the penis. Penile sexual stimulation during masturbation or vaginal, anal, oral, or non-penetrative sexual activity may provide the stimulus for a man to achieve orgasm. A prolonged stimulation either through foreplay or stroking leads to an amount of arousal. While the presence of sperm in pre-ejaculatory fluid is thought to be rare, sperm from an earlier ejaculation, still present in the urethra, in addition, infectious agents often can be present in pre-ejaculate. Premature ejaculation is when ejaculation occurs before the desired time, if a man is unable to ejaculate in a timely manner after prolonged sexual stimulation, in spite of his desire to do so, it is called delayed ejaculation or anorgasmia. An orgasm that is not accompanied by ejaculation is known as a dry orgasm, when a man has achieved a sufficient level of stimulation, the orgasm and ejaculation begins. At that point, under the control of the nervous system. The semen is ejected through the urethra with rhythmic contractions and these rhythmic contractions are part of the male orgasm. They are generated by the bulbospongiosus and pubococcygeus muscles under the control of a reflex at the level of the spinal nerves S2–4 via the pudendal nerve. The typical male orgasm lasts several seconds, after the start of orgasm, pulses of semen begin to flow from the urethra, reach a peak discharge and then diminish in flow. The typical orgasm consists of 10 to 15 contractions, although the man is unlikely to be aware of that many. Once the first contraction has taken place, ejaculation will continue to completion as an involuntary process, at this stage, ejaculation cannot be stopped. The rate of contractions gradually slows during the orgasm, initial contractions occur at an average interval of 0.6 seconds with an increasing increment of 0.1 seconds per contraction. Contractions of most men proceed at regular intervals for the duration of the orgasm
27.
Cameo appearance
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A cameo role or cameo appearance is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves. Short appearances by celebrities, film directors, politicians, athletes or musicians are common, a crew member of the show or movie playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well, such as Alfred Hitchcocks frequently performed cameos. Originally cameo role meant a character part that stands out from the other minor parts. The Oxford English Dictionary connects this with the meaning a short literary sketch or portrait, which is based on the meaning of cameo. More recently, cameo has come to refer to any short appearances, whether as a character or as oneself, such as the examples below. Cameos are generally not credited because of their brevity, or a mismatch between the celebritys stature and the film or TV show in which he or she is appearing. Others are acknowledgments of a contribution to an earlier work, as in the case of many film adaptations of TV series. Others honour artists or celebrities known for work in a particular field, possibly the best-known series of cameos was by the director Alfred Hitchcock, who made very brief appearances in most of his films. Cameos also occur in novels and other literary works, “Literary cameos” usually involve an established character from another work who makes a brief appearance to establish a shared universe setting, to make a point, or to offer homage. Balzac often employed this practice, as in his Comédie humaine, a cameo appearance can be made by the author of a work to put a sort of personal signature on a story. Vladimir Nabokov often put himself in his novels, for instance, quentin Tarantino provides cameos or small roles in at least 10 of his movies. Likewise, Peter Jackson has made cameos in all of his movies, except for his first feature-length movie Bad Taste in which he plays a main character. For example, he plays a peasant eating a carrot in The Fellowship of the Ring and The Desolation of Smaug, a Rohan warrior in The Two Towers, director Martin Scorsese appears in the background of his films as a bystander or an unseen character. In Whos That Knocking at My Door, he appears as one of the gangsters, he is a crew man in After Hours. He opens up his 1986 film The Color of Money with a monologue on the art of playing pool. In addition, he appears with his wife and daughter as wealthy New Yorkers in Gangs of New York, in a same way, Roman Polanski appears as a hired hoodlum in his film Chinatown, slitting Jack Nicholsons nose with the blade of his clasp knife. Directors sometimes cast well-known lead actors with whom they have worked in the past in other films, mike Todds film Around the World in 80 Days was filled with cameo roles, and others. The stars in cameo roles were pictured in oval insets in posters for the film, among the many cameos featured in the film Maverick, actor Danny Glover appears as the lead bank robber
28.
Mercedes-Benz
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Mercedes-Benz is a global automobile manufacturer and a division of the German company Daimler AG. The brand is known for vehicles, buses, coaches. The headquarters is in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, the slogan for the brand is the best or nothing and Mercedes-Benz was one of the top growing brands in 2014 with 18% growth. The Mercedes automobile was first marketed in 1901 by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, emil Jellinek, an Austrian automobile entrepreneur who worked with DMG created the trademark in 1902, naming the 1901 Mercedes 35 hp after his daughter Mercedes Jellinek. The first Mercedes-Benz brand name vehicles were produced in 1926, following the merger of Karl Benzs, on 28 June 1926, Mercedes Benz was formed with the merger of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimlers two companies. Gottlieb Daimler was born on 17 March 1834 in Schorndorf, after training as a gunsmith and working in France, he attended the Polytechnic School in Stuttgart from 1857 to 1859. After completing various activities in France and England, he started work as a draftsman in Geislingen in 1862. At the end of 1863, he was appointed inspector in a machine tool factory in Reutlingen. Throughout the 1930s, Mercedes-Benz produced the 770 model, a car that was popular during Germanys Nazi period, Adolf Hitler was known to have driven these cars during his time in power, with bulletproof windshields. Most of the models have been sold at auctions to private buyers. One of them is currently on display at the War Museum in Ottawa, the pontiffs Popemobile has often been sourced from Mercedes-Benz. In 1944,46,000 forced laborers were used in Daimler-Benzs factories to bolster Nazi war efforts, the company later paid $12 million in reparations to the laborers families. Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety innovations that became common in other vehicles. Mercedes-Benz is one of the best-known and established automotive brands in the world, for information relating to the famous three-pointed star, see under the title Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft including the merger into Daimler-Benz. As part of the Daimler AG company, the Mercedes-Benz Cars division includes Mercedes-Benz, mercedes-AMG became a majority owned division of Mercedes-Benz in 1999. The company was integrated into DaimlerChrysler in 1999, and became Mercedes-Benz AMG beginning on 1 January 1999, Daimlers ultra-luxury brand Maybach was under Mercedes-Benz cars division until 2013, when the production stopped due to poor sales volumes. It now exists under the Mercedes-Maybach name, with the models being ultra-luxury versions of Mercedes cars, Daimler coorporates with BYD Auto to make and sell a battery-electric car called Denza in China. In 2016, Daimler announced plans to sell Mercedes-Benz branded all-electric battery cars in China, beside its native Germany, Mercedes-Benz vehicles are also manufactured or assembled in, Since its inception, Mercedes-Benz had maintained a reputation for its quality and durability
29.
The Sixth Sense
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The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film tells the story of Cole Sear, a troubled, isolated boy who is able to see and talk to the dead, and an equally troubled child psychologist who tries to help him. The film established Shyamalan as a writer and director, and introduced the public to his traits. Released by Hollywood Pictures on August 6,1999, the film was received well, critics highlighted the performances, its atmosphere, the film was the second-highest-grossing film of 1999, grossing about $293 million domestically and $672 million worldwide. Dr. Malcolm Crowe, a child psychologist in Philadelphia, returns one night with his wife, Anna. Anna tells Crowe that everything is second to his work, a young man then appears in their bathroom, and accuses Crowe of failing him. Crowe recognizes him as Vincent Grey, a patient whom he treated as a child for hallucinations. Vincent shoots his former doctor before killing himself, the next fall, Crowe begins working with another patient, nine-year-old Cole Sear, whose case is similar to Vincents. Crowe becomes dedicated to the boy, though he is haunted by doubts over his ability to him after his failure with Vincent. Meanwhile, he and his wife seldom, if ever, speak or do anything together, Crowe feels he must help Cole in order to rectify his failure to help Vincent and reconcile with his wife. Coles mother, Lynn worries about his stamina, especially after seeing signs of physical abuse. Cole eventually confides his secret to Crowe, he sees ghosts, at first, Crowe thinks Cole is delusional and considers dropping his case. Remembering Vincent, the psychologist listens to an audiotape from a session with Vincent when he was a child, on the tape, when Crowe leaves the room, Vincent begins crying. Turning up the volume, Crowe hears a man begging for help in Spanish, and now believes that Cole is telling the truth. He suggests to Cole that he should try to find a purpose for his gift by communicating with the ghosts, at first, Cole is unwilling since the ghosts terrify and sometimes even threaten him, but he finally decides to attempt helping. Cole talks to one of the ghosts, a girl named Kyra who recently died after a chronic illness. He goes with Crowe to her reception at her home, where Kyra directs him to a box holding a videotape. The tape shows Kyras mother poisoning her daughters food, by proving she was a victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Cole has saved Kyras younger sister, the mothers next victim
30.
Condom
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A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection. There are both male and female condoms, with proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use male condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate. With typical use the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year and their use greatly decreases the risk of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. They also to a lesser extent protect against genital herpes, human papillomavirus, the male condom should be rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by blocking semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Male condoms are made from latex and less commonly from polyurethane or lamb intestine. Male condoms have the advantages of ease of use, easy to access, in those with a latex allergy a polyurethane or other synthetic version should be used. Female condoms are made from polyurethane and may be used multiple times. Condoms as a method of preventing STIs have been used since at least 1564, rubber condoms become available in 1855 followed by latex condoms in the 1920s. They are on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines, the wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.03 to 0.08 USD each. In the United States condoms usually cost less than 1.00 USD, globally less than 10% of those using birth control are using the condom. Rates of condom use are higher in the developed world, in United Kingdom the condom is the second most common method of birth control while in the United States it is the third most common. About six to nine billion are sold a year, the effectiveness of condoms, as of most forms of contraception, can be assessed two ways. Perfect use or method effectiveness rates only include people who use condoms properly and consistently, actual use, or typical use effectiveness rates are of all condom users, including those who use condoms incorrectly or do not use condoms at every act of intercourse. Rates are generally presented for the first year of use, most commonly the Pearl Index is used to calculate effectiveness rates, but some studies use decrement tables. The typical use pregnancy rate among condom users varies depending on the population being studied, the perfect use pregnancy rate of condoms is 2% per year. Condoms may be combined with other forms of contraception for greater protection, Condoms are widely recommended for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. They have been shown to be effective in reducing rates in both men and women. Analysis published in 2007 from the University of Texas Medical Branch, the 2000 NIH review concluded that condom use significantly reduces the risk of gonorrhea for men
31.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
32.
SF Weekly
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SF Weekly is a free alternative weekly newspaper in San Francisco, California. The newspaper, distributed throughout the San Francisco Bay Area every Wednesday, is published by the San Francisco Newspaper Company, founded locally in the mid-1980s and bought by Village Voice Media in 1995, SF Weekly has garnered notable national journalism awards. The paper sponsored the SF Weekly Music Awards, also known as the Wammies, in 2014, San Francisco Media Co. became fully owned by Black Press. News, includes local, regional and sometimes short and longform news stories. Arts and Entertainment, includes a calendar, city events listings, a music section with a weekly music column, several music features, show previews. Online Offerings, The Snitch news blog, All Shook Down music blog, the SFoodie food blog, All offer daily news and posts. The Weeklys former web editor David Downs responded by musing If there was a genocide, the SF Weekly was the subject of ethical controversy in Jan. 2006, when a column about the AVN porn awards misidentified the events location, the papers editor had apparently altered a column about a different event from years before. The Guardian won the suit in March,2008, and was granted a $6.2 million in damages, after the verdict, the Guardian obtained court orders allowing it to seize and sell the Weekly′s two delivery trucks and collect half of the Weekly′s ad revenue. SF Weekly currently occupies Suite 550,835 Market St, previous locations included, Suite 710225 Bush Street,55 Francisco Street, Suite 3800 of 185 Berry Street and 425 Brannan Street
33.
TV Guide
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In 1948, he printed New York City area listings magazine The TeleVision Guide. Silent film star Gloria Swanson, who then starred of the variety series The Gloria Swanson Hour. Wagner later began publishing regional editions of The TeleVision Guide for New England, five years later, he sold the editions to Walter Annenberg, who folded it into his publishing and broadcasting company Triangle Publications, but remained as a consultant for the magazine until 1963. The national TV Guides first issue was released on April 3,1953. The inaugural cover featured a photograph of Lucille Balls newborn son Desi Arnaz, Jr. with a photo of Ball placed in the top corner under the issues headline. The magazine was published in digest size, which remained its printed format for 52 years. The launch as a magazine with local listings in April 1953 became an almost instant success, with TV Guide becoming the most read. The initial cost of issue was 15¢ per copy. In addition to subscriptions, TV Guide was sold at the counters of grocery stores nationwide. Until the 1980s, the pieces included in each issue were promoted in a television commercial. Over the decades, the shape of the TV Guide logo has changed to reflect the modernization of the television screen, at first, the logo had various colored backgrounds until the familiar red background became the standard in the 1960s with occasional changes used for special editions. The magazine was first based in an office in downtown Philadelphia, before moving to more spacious national headquarters in Radnor. The color section was sent to regional printers to be wrapped around the local listing sections. It was under Triangles ownership of WFIL-TV that Dick Clark and American Bandstand came to popularity, most listing entries in the log included program genres after the programs title, while its running time was listed in the synopses. Originally, the majority of programs listed in the log each issue featured brief synopses, except for local and national newscasts, in addition, black-and-white ads for programs scheduled to air on broadcast stations – and later, cable channels – during prime time were included within the listings. A regular feature of the section was Close-Up, which provided expanded reviews of select programs airing each day. The advent of television would become hard on TV Guide. Channels that were listed also differed, depending on the edition, as the years went on, more cable channels were added into the listings of each edition
34.
New York Observer
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The New York Observer was a weekly newspaper published in New York City from 1987 to 2016. As of January 2017, the team is led by Ken Kurson with other writers and editors including Rex Reed, Will Bredderman, Drew Grant, Brady Dale, John Bonazzo, Vinnie Mancuso. The Observer was first published in New York City on September 22,1987, as a newspaper by Arthur L. Carter. In July 2006, the paper was purchased by the American real estate figure Jared Kushner, the paper began its life as a broadsheet, and was then printed in tabloid format every Wednesday, and currently has an exclusively online format. It is headquartered at 1 Whitehall Street in Manhattan, schindler, Michael M. Thomas, Robert Sam Anson, Philip Weiss and Steve Kornacki. Originally, the paper was perhaps best known for publishing Candace Bushnells column on Manhattans social life on which the television series Sex and it was visually distinctive because of its salmon‑colored pages and sketch illustrations, in the style of La Gazzetta dello Sport. Henry Rollins once described it as the curiously pink newspaper, the paper switched to white‑colored paper in 2014. The fourth and longest serving editor for the newspaper, Peter Kaplan, interim editor Tom McGeveran was replaced by Kyle Pope in 2009. Elizabeth Spiers served as editor from 2011 to 2012, followed by interim editor Aaron Gell, in January 2013, publisher Jared Kushner named Ken Kurson, a political consultant, journalist, and author, as the Observers next editor. Observer Media, the parent company, announced recently to readers that the weekly print edition will close. Content will remain available online under the masthead Observer dropping New York. The November 9,2016 issue was the last for the print publication, the discontinuation of the print Observer came the day after Kushners father-in-law, Donald Trump, won the 2016 presidential election, Kushner serves as a senior advisor in the Trump Administration. Kushner transferred his ownership of Observer Medias remaining online assets into a family trust, the New York Observer was also the name of a weekly religious paper founded by Sidney E. Morse in 1823. The publisher and original owner, Arthur Carter, has had other publishing interests, at one time, he was a part‑owner in The East Hampton Star. Carter received a B. A. in French literature from Brown University and he spent 25 years in investment banking until 1981, when he founded the Litchfield County Times in New Milford, Connecticut. He owned it for twenty years until selling to Journal Register Company and he has been an adjunct professor of philosophy and journalism at New York University and is a trustee. In July 2006, Jared Kushner, a 25‑year‑old law student and son of a wealthy New Jersey developer, Charles Kushner, in April 2007 Bob Sommer became president of Observer Media Group, and subsequently served on OMG’s Board of Directors. In January 2017, Jared Kushner announced he would sell his stake to a Kushner family trust, Kushners brother-in-law, Joseph Meyer, who has been the CEO of Observer Media Group since 2013, replaced him as publisher
35.
New York Press
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New York Press was a free alternative weekly in New York City, which was published from 1988 to 2011. During its lifetime, it was the competitor to The Village Voice. It was originally conceived and published by founder Russ Smith as a voice in a traditionally liberal New York. The Press strove to create a rivalry with the Village Voice, Press editors claimed to have tried to hire away writer Nat Hentoff from the Voice. The papers weekly circulation in 2006 topped 100,000, compared to about 250,000 for the Village Voice, the Press touted a Manhattan-focused, controlled distribution system while a good portion of the Village Voices circulation is outside of the NYC metro area. The print edition of New York Press was discontinued on September 1,2011, the print edition of Our Town Downtown was resumed in its place, after merging with New York Press. NYPress. com is owned by Straus News. The paper was founded by Russ Smith, who published it until he sold it in late 2002, Smith was assisted throughout this period by John Strausbaugh. At some point Smith began running the column under his own name, though still titled Mugger, R. Taylor, Zach Parsi, CJ Sullivan, Dave Lindsay, Spike Vrusho, Ned Vizzini, and Daniel Radosh. Kosar, Sam Sifton, New York Times editor, David Corn, novelist, the City Sun film critic Armond White joined the staff in 1997 and wrote until 2011. Wartella, Gary Panter, Danny Hellman, Tony Millionaire and others, ballpoint pen artist Lennie Mace was also among the regular contributing illustrators. Smith sold the paper in late 2002 to investment group Avalon Equity Partners for around US$3 million, publishers Chuck Colletti and Doug Meadow became the president and C. O. O. Immediately after the sale, Strausbaugh was fired, after an interim editor declined to stay on, Jeff Koyen was hired away from The Prague Pill. From 2003 to 2005, as editor-in-chief, Koyen continued publishing approximately 100 pages each week, from 2007 onward, the Press ran at less than 40 pages each week. From April 2003 to July 2004, the Press had a publication, New York Sports Express. New York Press attracted strong criticism in March 2005 for a story entitled The 52 Funniest Things About the Upcoming Death of the Pope. The cover prompted outraged comments from a variety of New York politicians, within a few weeks editor Jeff Koyen resigned due to the uproar. He was replaced by interim editor Alexander Zaitchik, during Koyens and Zaitchiks editorship, the paper ran regular columns by Paul Krassner, Michelangelo Signorile, and Matt Taibbi
36.
"Weird Al" Yankovic
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Alfred Matthew Weird Al Yankovic is an American singer, songwriter, parodist, record producer, satirist, actor, voice actor, music video director, film producer, and author. Since his first-aired comedy song in 1976, he has more than 12 million albums, recorded more than 150 parody and original songs. His works have earned him four Grammy Awards and a further 11 nominations, four gold records, Weird Als first top ten Billboard album and single were both released in 2006, nearly three decades into his career. His latest album, Mandatory Fun, became his first number-one album during its debut week and he directed later videos himself and went on to direct for other artists including Ben Folds, Hanson, The Black Crowes, and The Presidents of the United States of America. Weird Al has stated that he may forgo traditional albums in favor of timely releases of singles, in addition to recording his albums, Weird Al wrote and starred in the film UHF and The Weird Al Show. He has also made guest appearances and voice acting roles on television shows and video web content. He has also written two books, When I Grow Up and My New Teacher and Me. Yankovic was born in Downey, California and raised in Lynwood. He is the child of Mary Elizabeth and Nick Yankovic. Mary, who was of Italian and English descent, had come to California from Kentucky, Als first accordion lesson, which sparked his career in music, was on the day before his sixth birthday. A door-to-door salesman traveling through Lynwood offered the Yankovic parents a choice of accordion or guitar lessons at a music school. Yankovic said that parents chose the accordion because they were convinced it would revolutionize rock and he continued lessons at the school for three years before continuing to learn on his own. Yankovics early accordion role models included Frankie Yankovic and Myron Floren, in the 1970s, Yankovic was a big fan of Elton John and claims Johns Goodbye Yellow Brick Road album was partly how I learned to play rock n roll on the accordion. Other sources of inspiration for his comedy come from Mad magazine, Monty Python, Yankovic began kindergarten a year earlier than most children, and he skipped second grade. My classmates seemed to think I was some kind of rocket scientist so I was labeled an early on. As his unusual schooling left him two years younger than most of his classmates, Yankovic was not interested in sports or social events at school and we started the club just to get an extra picture of ourselves in the yearbook. Weird Al graduated in 1975 and was valedictorian of his senior class, Yankovic attended California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo where he earned a bachelors degree in architecture. Yankovic received his first exposure via southern California and syndicated radio personality Dr. Dementos radio show, saying If there hadnt been a Dr. Demento. The tapes first song, Belvedere Cruisin - about his familys Plymouth Belvedere - was played on Dementos comedy radio show, launching Yankovics career
37.
Music recording sales certification
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Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
38.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
39.
ARIA Charts
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The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling singles and albums in various genres in Australia, ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australias national charts since 1974. The Go-Set charts were Australias first national singles and albums charts published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974, succeeding Go-Set, the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australias national charts from 1940–1974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data, in mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989. The ARIA Report, detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990, the printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000, the ARIA charts are based on data collected from physical and digital retailers in Australia. Data of physical sales come from such as Sanity and JB Hi-Fi, while data of digital sales come from online retailers such as iTunes, Bandit FM, GetMusic. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, Do the Bartman by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only. Starting from 8 October 2006, due to low physical single sales at the time, in 2006, it was announced that the Brazin retailing group, comprising major retailers HMV, Sanity and Virgin music/DVD stores would no longer contribute sales data to the ARIA charts. However, after an absence, Brazin reportedly re-commenced contributing sales figures to the ARIA Charts on 26 November 2006. The ARIA website publishes the top 50 singles and albums charts, top 40 digital tracks chart, the ARIA Report lists all charts in full and is available via paid e-mail subscription each week. These reports are uploaded to the Pandora Archive periodically, on 5 February 2006, the ARIA Chart Show was a radio program launched on the Nova network and broadcast throughout Australia, playing the official ARIA top 50 singles. The live music program was hosted by Jabba each Sunday afternoon at 3, the show was aired before the top 50 chart, dated for the following Monday, is published on the ARIA website at 6,00 pm. The charts were published online at 6,00 pm each Sunday. The diamond certification was created for albums in November 2015 to mark 500,000 sales/shipments, for music DVDs, a gold accreditation originally represented 7,500 copies shipped, with a platinum accreditation representing 15,000 units shipped. co. uk
