1.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
2.
Rochelle, Illinois
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Rochelle is a city in Ogle County, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,574 at the 2010 census, up from 9,424 in 2000, Rochelle is approximately 80 miles west of Chicago and 25 miles south of Rockford. Originally named Hickory Grove, the town sits at the intersection of two rail lines, having a number of granaries holding corn, wheat and other crops for shipping eastward, the town was an important rail link for farmers. During the Civil War, an arsonist burned some of the granaries and he was arrested but vigilantes stormed the local jail and hanged him from a tree. The town then was called Hang Town by locals and travelers, later in the local pharmacy, some of the city fathers were discussing the problem of lack of people coming to reside in the town. It was agreed a new name was necessary, one of the men reached up on a shelf and picked up a bottle of Rochelle Salts, saying Rochelle would be a good name for the town. After World War II, Rochelle grew, becoming a center for Swift Meat Packing and Del Monte canned vegetables such as asparagus, corn, green beans, on April 9,2015, parts of the city suffered damage after a large wedge EF4 tornado struck the town. Rochelle is located along the Kyte River, according to the 2010 census, Rochelle has a total area of 12.919 square miles, of which 12.9 square miles is land and 0.019 square miles is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,424 people,3,688 households, the population density was 1,260.9 people per square mile. There were 3,895 housing units at a density of 521.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 86. 81% White,1. 14% African American,0. 49% Native American,0. 92% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,8. 69% from other races, and 1. 93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19. 16% of the population, of all households 29. 3% were made up of individuals and 12. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the family size was 3.13. In the city, the population was out with 27. 1% under the age of 18,10. 1% from 18 to 24,28. 7% from 25 to 44,19. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males, the median income for a household in the city was $37,984, and the median income for a family was $46,563. Males had an income of $35,890 versus $25,058 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,139, about 7. 6% of families and 10. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11. 1% of those under age 18 and 4. 3% of those age 65 or over
3.
Eastern Illinois University
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Eastern Illinois University is a state university located in Charleston, Illinois, United States. Eastern Illinois University is located in Charleston, Illinois, just off Interstate 57, about 50 miles south of Champaign, as you approach Charleston, you will see the universitys iconic landmark, Old Main, at its location on 600 Lincoln Avenue. Eastern Illinois Normal School was established by the Illinois State Legislature in 1895 to train teachers for the schools of East Central Illinois, a 40 acre campus was acquired in Charleston and the first building was commissioned. When the school classes in 1899, there were 125 students. The first building was finished in 1899 and is called Old Main, lord Administration Building in honor of EIUs first president, who served from 1899 to 1933. Built of Indiana limestone in a heavy Gothic revival style with turrets, towers, Old Main is one of Altgelds castles, five buildings built in the 1890s at the major Illinois state colleges. Governor John Peter Altgeld was instrumental in funding the Illinois university system, easterns Old Main and Illinois State Universitys Cook Hall are the only schools where the castle is not named after Altgeld. Other original Gothic Revival buildings include Booth Library and Blair Hall, Blair Hall was restored after a disastrous fire in 2004. In fall 2008, the university opened the newly constructed Doudna Fine Arts Center, the 138, 000-square-foot complex houses the music, theatre, and visual arts departments. Thus, Eastern Illinois State Normal School became Eastern Illinois State Teachers College in 1921, in 1957, the Illinois General Assembly changed the name of the institution to Eastern Illinois University. Eastern Illinois University has roughly 8,000 students, tuition is approximately $8,550 per year for residents of Illinois and other bordering states, while it is $10,680 for non-residents. The university estimates its average cost-of-attendance to be approximately $24,640 per academic year, tuition is expected to increase in the 2016-2017 academic year. There are prominent Communication Disorders and Sciences and Biological Sciences programs, the university has an endowment of approximately $35 million. The current president is David Glassman, in the US News & World Report college rankings, EIU is classified as a regional public university and fits into one of four regions, the Midwest Region. In the publications 2015 rankings, EIU ranks No.4 amongst its peers in that region, the Graduate School was founded in 1951 and has an enrollment of approximately 1,800 full and part-time students with more than 300 faculty holding graduate faculty status. The university also includes the Center for Academic Support and Achievement, the Office of Minority Affairs, the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, the universitys Booth Library hosts yearly exhibits, the Ballenger Teachers Center, and numerous digital collections. A majority of the holdings are concentrated on art from the state of Illinois, eighty-eight percent of graduates find work in a field related to their major within six months after graduation. Eastern Illinois University offers over 150 student organizations, the schools daily newspaper is The Daily Eastern News
4.
Northern Illinois University
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Northern Illinois University is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States, with satellite centers in Chicago, Hoffman Estates, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon. It was founded as Northern Illinois State Normal School on May 22,1895, douglas Baker was named the universitys twelfth president in May 2013. The university is composed of seven degree-granting colleges and has a student body of 25,000 with over 225,000 alumni. NIU is one of two public universities in Illinois that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the highest levels of all sports. The Universitys athletic teams are known as the NIU Huskies and compete in the Mid-American Conference, Northern Illinois University was founded as part of the expansion of the normal school program established in 1857 in Normal, Illinois. In 1895, the legislature created a Board of Trustees for the governance of the Northern Illinois State Normal School. In July 1917, the Illinois Senate consolidated the boards of trustees for the five state normal schools into one state Normal School Board, over the next fifty-eight years, the school and the governing board changed their names several times. In 1921, the legislature gave the institution the name Northern Illinois State Teachers College, in 1941, the Normal School Board changed its name to the Teachers College Board. In 1951 the Teachers College Board authorized the college to grant the degree Master of Science in Education, the Teachers College Board granted permission for the college to add curricula leading to the degrees Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science. On July 1,1957, the Seventieth General Assembly renamed Northern Illinois State College as Northern Illinois University in recognition of its status as a liberal arts university. In 1967 authority for Northern Illinois University, Illinois State University, the Board of Regents and the Chancellor governed the three Regency universities until the end of 1995. On January 1,1996, authority for each of the three regency universities was transferred to three independent Boards of Trustees, each concerned solely with one university,12 presidents have served at the university. New interdisciplinary academic programs in Environmental Studies and Community Leadership and Civic Engagement were established in FY2012, in the most recent 2014 edition, NIU was ranked number 177 out of 206 ranked National Universities. Washington Monthly ranks NIU as the 135th National University in the United States, NIU is a member of the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities. Carnegie categorizes Northern as, RU/H, Research Universities, the Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences is known for programs in hydrogeology and polar science. NIU has been awarded the Title VI Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships since 1974, NIU is the next major research university outside of Chicagoland. The NIU School of Theatre and Dance has a relationship with the Moscow Art Theatre School, Graduate students spend a month training in Moscow, while the undergraduates participate in a semester-long program. The NIU Rehabilitation Counseling program is noted nationwide, in the 2010-2011 academic year, the program graduated seven students, whose average GPA was 3.90
5.
Peter Friedman
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Peter Friedman is an American stage, film and television actor. Born in New York City, Friedman graduated from Hofstra University before making his Broadway debut in The Great God Brown in 1972, Friedman has appeared in thirteen Broadway productions, starting in 1972 with a revival of The Great God Brown. He appeared in a Broadway revival of The Visit in 1973 and he appeared in Piaf in 1981 on Broadway, and A Soldiers Play Off-Broadway, also in 1981. He appeared in both the Off-Broadway and Broadway productions of The Heidi Chronicles in 1988 and 1989 in the role of Scoop Rosenbaum and he received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play for The Heidi Chronicles. He played the role of Jewish immigrant Tateh in the musical Ragtime in the pre-Broadway tryout and he was nominated for the 1998 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical for his role in Ragtime. He appeared on Broadway in the Roundabout Theatre Company production of Twelve Angry Men from October 2004 to March 2005. For his role as Frank in Body Awareness, which ran Off-Broadway in 2008, Friedman received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award, the talkinbroadway. com reviewer noted that. Friedman milks Frank’s own self-imposed, question-mark callousness for all it’s worth. The New York Times reviewer wrote, Mr and he played the role of Doug in the Off-Broadway play The Great God Pan from December 2012 to January 2013, and received a nomination for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play. The New York Times reviewer commented, The recollections of his parents, from August 2013 to September 2013 he played the role of Meckel in the Off-Broadway production of Lauren Yees The Hatmakers Wife. Ben Brantley, in his review for The New York Times wrote, Mr. Friedman brings unblushing good will and he appeared in a Law & Order episode titled Attorney Client as defense lawyer Harold Jensen, broadcast on May 8,2002. Early in his career he performed in episodes of The Muppet Show in its first and third seasons. He will also appear in the upcoming HBO series Succession, Peter Friedman at the Internet Broadway Database Peter Friedman at the Internet Off-Broadway Database Peter Friedman at the Internet Movie Database
6.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
7.
Burn This
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Burn This is a play by Lanford Wilson. Like many of Wilsons plays, it deals with themes of gay identity, the play begins shortly after the funeral of Robbie, a young, gay dancer who drowned in a boating accident with his lover Dom. In attendance were Robbies roommates, his dance partner and choreographer]], Anna. Soon joining them in Robbies lower-Manhattan loft are screenwriter Burton, in the face of their shared tragedy, the quartet attempts to make sense of their lives and reconsider their own identities and relationships. Burn This was commissioned by the Circle Repertory Company, the play premiered Off-Broadway on February 19,1987, at Theatre 890. Directed by Marshall W. Mason, the cast featured Jonathan Hogan, Joan Allen, John Malkovich and this production won the 1988 Henry Hewes Design Award, Scenic Design, John Lee Beatty. The play was produced by Center Theatre Group at the Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles, California in 1987. The play transferred to Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre, opening on October 14,1987 and closing on October 29,1988 after 437 performances, again directed by Mason the same cast appeared in the Broadway production. The cast was replaced by Lisa Emery, Scott Glenn, Lonny Price, sydney Theatre Company presented Burn This, starring Heather Mitchell and Richard Roxburgh, at the Wharf Theatre in 1990. The Signature Theatre Company revival, directed by James Houghton, opened on August 27,2002 in previews, officially on September 19,2002 at the Union Square Theatre, the cast featured Edward Norton, Catherine Keener, Ty Burrell, and Dallas Roberts. Norton won an Obie Award and both he and the production received Lucille Lortel Award nominations, peter Sarsgaard replaced Edward Norton, and Elisabeth Shue took over for Catherine Keener on November 20,2002. The West End production, directed by Robert Allan Ackerman, opened on November 7,1990, Malkovich and Liberatore were joined by Juliet Stevenson and Michael Simkins. The play had played an engagement at the Hampstead Theatre. A Broadway revival of Burn This had been announced to begin in February 2017 and open on March 6,2017, jake Gyllenhaal would have starred, with direction by Michael Mayer. However, on October 21,2016, it was announced that the production has been postponed until the 2017-18 Season, Allen won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, and Liberatore was nominated for Best Featured Actor in a Play. Drama Desk Award nominations went to Liberatore and Malkovich, and Roberts won the Theatre World Award, internet Broadway Database listing Lortel Archives listing
8.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
9.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
10.
Nixon (film)
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The film portrays Nixon as a complex and, in many respects, admirable, though deeply flawed, person. Nixon begins with a disclaimer that the film is an attempt to understand the truth based on public sources. The cast includes Joan Allen, Annabeth Gish, Marley Shelton, Powers Boothe, J. T. Walsh, the movie starts in ‘72 with the “plumbers” breaking into The Watergate and subsequently getting arrested. Nixons’ Chief Of Staff, General Alexander “Al” Haig brings Pres, Richard “Dick” M. Nixon Tapes to listen to. The two men talk about The Watergate Scandal, and about what a mess it has become, after talking about the death of J Edgar Hoover. Nixon goes on to curse out John Dean James McCord and others involved in Watergate, as Haig turns to leave, Nixon asks Haig why he hasnt been given a pistol to commit suicide like an honorable soldier. Nixon starts the taping system which trigger memories that start a series of time jumps, the first, takes us back to June 23,1972 about a week after the break in. To a meeting with Halderman Erlichman And Dean, ehrlichman and Dean leave, Nixon speaks the “Smoking Gun” tape to Halderman. The film covers most aspect of Nixons life and political career, the film implies that Nixon and his wife abused alcohol and prescription medication. The film ends with Nixons resignation and famous departure from the lawn of the White House on the helicopter, Anthony Hopkins as Richard Nixon The studio did not like Stones choice to play Nixon. They wanted Tom Hanks or Jack Nicholson — two of Stones original choices, the director briefly considered Gene Hackman, Robin Williams, Gary Oldman and Tommy Lee Jones. Stone met with Warren Beatty but the actor wanted to make too many changes to the script, Stone cast Hopkins based on his performances in The Remains of the Day and Shadowlands. Of Hopkins, Stone said, The isolation of Tony is what struck me, I felt that was the quality that always marked Nixon. When the actor met the director he got the impression that Stone was one of the bad boys of American pop culture. What convinced Hopkins to ultimately take on the role and impersonate the soul of Nixon were the scenes in the film when he talks about his mother and father. Joan Allen as Pat Nixon When Beatty was thinking about doing the film, he insisted on doing a reading of the script with an actress, afterwards, Beatty told Stone that he had found his Pat Nixon. The character may be a reference to Nixons meetings with Clint Murchison, Sr. although he also illuminates Nixons relationships with Howard Hughes, H. L. Hunt and other entrepreneurs. Originally, Oliver Stone had been developing two projects — the musical Evita and a movie about Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, when they both did not get made, Stone turned his attention to a biopic about Richard Nixon
11.
The Crucible (1996 film)
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The Crucible is a 1996 drama film written by Arthur Miller adapting his play of the same title, inspired by the Salem witchcraft trials. Much of the filming took place on Choate Island in Essex, despite the films lacklustre box office performance, Arthur Miller was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and Joan Allen received a nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Ryders performance was also the subject of critical praise, early one morning in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, some young village girls meet in the woods with a Barbadian slave named Tituba. One of the girls, Abigail Williams, kills a chicken and drinks the blood and they are discovered by Abigails uncle, Reverend Samuel Parris. As the girls run away, Parris daughter Betty falls over unconscious, Parris questions Abigail about the events that took place in the woods, Betty will not awaken, nor will Ruth, the daughter of Thomas and Ann Putnam, who were also dancing. This strikes Mrs. Putnam hard as she had seven children before Ruth who died at childbirth. The Parris household is also visited by Giles Corey, who suspects that the children are just acting out, Abigail still loves Proctor, but Proctor realizes his mistake and leaves her. The Putnams and Reverend Parris believe that Betty and Ruth are demonically possessed, to save herself and the other girls from punishment, Abigail claims that Tituba was working with the devil. After a whipping, Tituba confesses to being a witch, and is saved from being hanged, struck by their new power, the other girls begin naming other women whom they saw with the devil, including Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctors wife. John, determined not to give his former lover her vengeance, insists that his servant, Mary Warren, one of the afflicted girls, although Mary Warren is frightened of Abigail, she eventually agrees. In the court, Francis Nurse gives a list of names of people who vouch for the accused, in response, the judges order that all on the list be arrested and brought in for questioning. Giles Corey insists that when Ruth Putnam accused Rebecca Nurse, Mr. Putnam was heard to tell his daughter that she had won him a gift of land. Corey refuses to name the person who heard this remark, meanwhile, Mary Warren insists she only thought she saw spirits but is later cowed by the other girls into recanting her recantation. Elizabeth Proctor says she is pregnant and will be spared from death until the baby is born, the other girls are called in and asked if they were lying about the witchcraft but cause a commotion, screaming that Mary Warren is putting a spell on them. To demonstrate that Abigail is not innocent, John confesses to having had an affair with her and he claims that Abigail accused Elizabeth in order to get rid of her so that she could marry him. Abigail denies the accusation to protect her reputation, so Elizabeth is called in to see if the accusation is true, however, not knowing that John confessed and wanting to save his reputation, she lies. To save herself from being hanged as a witch, Mary Warren accuses John of witchcraft, when asked if he will return to God, John despairingly yells I say God is dead. And is arrested as a witch, John agrees and writes the confession
12.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
13.
The Contender (2000 film)
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The Contender is a 2000 political drama film written and directed by Rod Lurie. It stars Gary Oldman, Joan Allen, Jeff Bridges and Christian Slater, the film focuses on a fictional United States President and the events surrounding his appointment of a new Vice President. The film serves as a response to the Lewinsky scandal that arose during the presidency of Bill Clinton and it also became the subject of controversy regarding alterations that allegedly displeased Oldman, who co-produced. Joan Allen was nominated for Best Actress and Jeff Bridges for Best Supporting Actor at the Academy Awards, second-term Democratic U. S. President Jackson Evans must select a new Vice President following the sudden death of his previous vice president. The obvious choice seems to be Virginia Governor Jack Hathaway, who is hailed as a hero after he dove into a lake in a failed attempt to save a drowning girl. The President instead decides that his song will be helping to break the glass ceiling by nominating Laine Hanson. In accordance with the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, approval from both houses of Congress is required, standing in her way is Republican Congressman Sheldon Runyon of Illinois, who believes she is unqualified for the position, and backs Hathaway for the nod. His investigation into her background turns up an incident where she was apparently photographed participating in an orgy as part of a sorority initiation. He is joined in his opposition by Democratic Representative Reginald Webster, the confirmation hearings begin in Washington, D. C. and Runyon, who chairs the committee, quickly addresses Hansons alleged sexual imbroglio. Hanson refuses to address the incident, neither confirming nor denying anything, Hanson meets with Evans and offers to withdraw her name, to save his administration more embarrassment. Evans meets with Runyon, informing him he will not choose Hanson as Vice President, Runyon casually brings forward Hathaway as a replacement. They make an agreement that Runyon will back down on his attacks if Evans chooses Hathaway as Vice President, however, Evans requests Runyon to make a public statement defending Hathaway. Hanson, Hathaway and Runyon are all invited to the White House, Evans then shocks them by showing a FBI report that proves Hathaway paid the woman to drive off the bridge into the lake, part of a plan to increase his approval ratings. Hathaway is arrested and Runyon is disgraced because he vouched for Hathaways integrity just hours earlier, Evans meets with Hanson, and she finally tells what actually happened that night in college. She said that she did indeed arrive at a fraternity house to have sex with two men as part of an initiation, but changed her mind before any sex occurred. However, she did not prove her innocence, citing that by doing so further the idea that it was acceptable to ask the questions in the first place. Evans addresses Congress, where he chastises all Democrats and Republicans who blocked Hansons confirmation and he explicitly calls out Runyon, who leaves in humiliation. Director Rod Lurie stated he wrote the screenplay because he wished to make a film starring Joan Allen, having a fascination with politics, and inspired by his daughter, he wished to make a feminist film that would differ from Allens frequent role as troubled wife
14.
Steppenwolf Theatre Company
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Its name comes from the Hermann Hesse novel. Two years later, the moved to a 211-seat facility at 2851 N. Halsted Street, which was their home until 1991. In 1982, Sam Shepards True West, starring Sinise and John Malkovich, was the first of many Steppenwolf productions to travel to New York City, Steppenwolf is an ensemble theatre founded in 1974 by Gary Sinise, Terry Kinney, and Jeff Perry. In 1988, Steppenwolf presented the premiere of Frank Galatis adaption of The Grapes of Wrath, based on the John Steinbeck novel. In 2000 Steppenwolf presented the premiere of Austin Pendletons Orsons Shadow. In December 2007, Steppenwolf opened a new play written and directed by members at the Imperial Theatre on Broadway. Tracy Letts August, Osage County was hailed by the New York Times as, flat out, no asterisks and without qualifications the most exciting new American play Broadway has seen in years. Directed by ensemble member Anna D. Shapiro and featuring seven members, August. Letts went on to win the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play, August closed on Broadway on Sunday, June 28,2009, after 648 performances and 18 previews. In 2009 Steppenwolf was recognized by The Wall Street Journal as a Top Small Workplace in America, additionally, in 2010 Steppenwolfs apprenticeship program was honored for the second consecutive year as one of the Top 10 Internships in America by leading career website Vault. com. Among its many honors are the Tony Award for Regional Theatre Excellence, Chicago theatre List of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago Steppenwolf Theatre Company official website Steppenwolf Theatre Company at the Internet Broadway Database
15.
And a Nightingale Sang
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And a Nightingale Sang is a play by British playwright C. P. Taylor and commissioned by Newcastle upon Tynes Live Theatre Company. The play was made into a TV play in 1989 by Jack Rosenthal for Tyne Tees Television. Described as a comedy, the play is set in Newcastle during World War II and portrays Helen Stott. The plays name is derived from a popular song sung by Vera Lynn called A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square. The play has frequently been produced both in Britain and the US, the film was produced by Philip Hinchcliffe with Victor Glynn and directed by Rob Knights. It starred Joan Plowright, Phyllis Logan, John Woodvine, Stephen Tompkinson and it won many awards including the prestigious Prix Europa in 1990
16.
The Heidi Chronicles
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The Heidi Chronicles is a 1988 play by Wendy Wasserstein. The play won the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, a workshop production at Seattle Repertory Theatre was held in April 1988, directed by Daniel J. Sullivan. The play premiered Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on November 18,1988 and it then transferred to Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre, opening on March 9,1989 and closing on September 1,1990, after 622 performances. Both productions were directed by Sullivan, the set design was by Thomas Lynch, costume design by Jennifer von Mayrhauser and lighting design by Pat Collins. The cast starred Joan Allen as Heidi, Boyd Gaines as Peter, sarah Jessica Parker was featured in three small roles off-Broadway, those roles were played by Cynthia Nixon for the Broadway run. Replacement actors on Broadway included Christine Lahti, Brooke Adams, and Mary McDonnell as Heidi, David Hyde Pierce as Peter, two Broadway Heidis married the actor who played opposite them as Scoop, Joan Allen and Peter Friedman and Brooke Adams and Tony Shalhoub. The first major production mounted after Wassersteins death in January 2006 was at the Berkshire Theatre Festival in August and September 2006, featuring Kate Jennings Grant. On September 30,2011, produced by The English Theatre of Rome and directed by Gaby Ford, a revival opened on Broadway on February 23,2015 in previews, at the Music Box Theatre. The cast featured Elisabeth Moss in the role, Bryce Pinkham as Peter Patrone and Jason Biggs as Scoop Rosenbaum. The play opened officially on March 19, the production was originally scheduled to play through August 9,2015 but closed on May 3 due to low ticket sales. The plot follows Heidi Holland from high school in the 1960s to her career as an art historian more than twenty years later. The plays main themes deal with the role of women during this time period. Heidi meets Scoop at a Eugene McCarthy rally where he tries to woo her with knowledge and she seems unenthused and lies about her name to Scoop but is soon convinced as she realizes Scoop is a very intelligent, attractive man despite his egotistical ways. The scene in which they first meet ends with a passionate kiss and it is ambiguously implied that Heidi may have been a virgin at the time. Although they dont work out romantically, the chemistry between Scoop and Heidi is insatiable and they go on to be lifelong friends, Heidi realizes that not marrying does not mean she cannot be a mother and takes matters into her own hands. She chooses to adopt a child on her own, the New York Times critic Mel Gussow wrote of the Playwrights Horizon production, Ms. Wasserstein has always been a clever writer of comedy. This time she has been exceedingly watchful about not settling for easy laughter, and this is not to suggest, however, that The Heidi Chronicles is ever lacking in humor. The new Jerry Seinfeld sitcom pilot that premiered on NBC in July 1989 was entitled The Seinfeld Chronicles as an homage to Wassersteins zeitgeist-dominating play, the shows title was quickly shortened to Seinfeld
17.
Manhunter (film)
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Manhunter is a 1986 American crime horror film based on the novel Red Dragon by Thomas Harris. Written and directed by Michael Mann, it stars William Petersen as FBI profiler Will Graham, also featured are Tom Noonan as serial killer Francis Dollarhyde, Dennis Farina as Grahams FBI superior Jack Crawford, and Brian Cox as incarcerated killer Hannibal Lecktor. The film focuses on Graham coming out of retirement to lend his talents to an investigation on Dollarhyde, in doing so, he must confront the demons of his past and meet with Lecktor, who nearly counted Graham amongst his victims. The film features heavily stylized use of color to convey this sense of duality, and the nature of the characters similarity has been explored in academic readings of the film. It was the first film adaptation of Harris Hannibal Lecter novels, as well as the first adaptation of Red Dragon, opening to mixed reviews, Manhunter fared poorly at the box office at the time of its release, making only $8.6 million in the United States. However, it has been reappraised in recent reviews and now enjoys a more favorable reception. Its resurgent popularity, which may be due to adaptations of Harris books and Petersens success in CSI. Will Graham is a former FBI criminal profiler who has retired because of a breakdown after being attacked by a cannibalistic serial killer. Graham is approached at his Florida home by his former FBI superior Jack Crawford, having found the killers fingerprints, Graham meets with Crawford. They are accosted by tabloid journalist Freddy Lounds, with whom Graham has a bitter history, Graham pays a visit to Lecktor, a former psychiatrist, in his cell and asks for his insight into the killers motivations. After a tense conversation, Lecktor agrees to look at the case file, a little later, Lecktor contrives and manages to obtain Grahams home address by deceit during his phone privileges. Graham travels to the first crime scene in Birmingham, Alabama, where he is contacted by Crawford, Crawford also patches Graham through to Frederick Chilton, Lecktors warden, who has found a note in Lecktors personal effects. Reading it, they realize it is from the Tooth Fairy, Crawford brings Graham to the FBI Academy at Quantico, where a missing section of the note is analyzed to determine what Lecktor has removed. It is found to be an instruction to communicate through the section of the National Tattler. After a sting operation fails to catch the killer, Lounds is kidnapped by the Tooth Fairy, Lounds is forced to tape-record a statement before being set on fire in a wheelchair and killed, his flaming body rolled into the parking garage of the National Tattler as a warning. Graham is told by Crawford that they have cracked Lecktors coded message to the Tooth Fairy—it is Grahams home address with an instruction to kill the family, Graham rushes home to find his family safe but terrified. After the FBI moves Grahams family to a house, he tries to explain to his son Kevin why he had retired previously. At his job in a St. Louis film lab, Francis Dollarhyde—The Tooth Fairy—approaches a blind co-worker, Reba McClane and they go to Dollarhydes home, where Reba is oblivious to the fact that Dollarhyde is watching home-movie footage of his planned next victim
18.
Peggy Sue Got Married
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The film was written by husband and wife team Jerry Leichtling and Arlene Sarner. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, Best Actress, Best Cinematography, and Best Costume Design, in addition, Turner was nominated for Best Foreign Actress at the Sant Jordi Awards. Peggy Sue Bodell sets off for her 25-year high school reunion in 1985 with her daughter, Beth and she arrives at the reunion and is happy to reconnect with her old best friends, Maddy and Carol. Charlie unexpectedly arrives at the reunion, causing a scene with Peggy ignoring him. The awkwardness is ended when the event MC announces the reunion’s king, the king is Richard Norvik, a former class geek turned billionaire inventor. Peggy is named the queen and walks on stage, but after they wheel out the reunion cake, when Peggy wakes, she finds herself back in the spring of 1960 during her senior year of high school, having passed out after donating blood in the school gym. She finds all of her friends that she just left to also be their teenage selves, still in shock, she allows herself to be taken home while she sees her surroundings are the way they were 25 years before. After a rough first night, she decides to have fun with the experience, however, when given the chance to break up with Charlie, she thinks it might be best since she knows how it will end. Peggy makes friends with Richard Norvik, the geek, to figure out what is going on with her. Charlie gets jealous when she ignores him at lunch and makes arrangements to meet Richard after school to discuss time travel with him, when she tells him her secret, at first he thinks its a joke. However, she tells things about him and the world that she would not know if she were not from the future, although Peggy has decided to break up with Charlie, shes the only one who wants that. One night after a party, Peggy decides to sleep with Charlie and he then flips out and reminds her that she had rebuffed him the weekend before and therefore believes shes playing games, then drives her home. Instead of going inside, she takes a walk and ends up at an all-night cafe, as she walks by, she sees Michael Fitzsimmons — the artsy loner in school she always wished she’d slept with - and goes in to talk to him. After finding out they have more in common than originally thought, in a field, they smoke weed and find out more about one another. When he asks if she is going to marry Charlie, she responds that she already did that, after he recites some of his poetry for her, they have sex. Michael reveals that he wants her to go with him and another woman to Utah so they can marry, after his revelation, she tells him he should go and to write about their night together. In the middle of their conversation, she hears a voice she recognizes singing, when she looks at the stage, she sees that its Charlie and realizes that she did not know everything about him. Michael is upset, thinks that she declined his offer for Charlie and is ready to go, after they leave, its shown that Charlie was singing as a audition for an agent and is rejected
19.
Tucker: The Man and His Dream
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Tucker, The Man and His Dream is a 1988 American biographical comedy-drama film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Jeff Bridges. S. Joan Allen, Martin Landau, Elias Koteas, Frederic Forrest, in 1973, Coppola began development of a film based on the life of Tucker, originally with Marlon Brando in the lead role. Starting in 1976, Coppola planned Tucker to be both a musical and a film with music and lyrics written by Leonard Bernstein, Betty Comden. The project eventually collapsed when Coppolas American Zoetrope experienced financial problems, Tucker was revived in 1986 when Coppolas friend, George Lucas, joined as a producer. The film received praise, but was a box office disappointment. Nonetheless, Tucker, The Man and His Dream produced a spike in prices of Tucker Sedans, as well as an appreciation for Tucker. Detroit engineer Preston Tucker has been interested in building cars since childhood, during World War II he designed an armored car for the military and made money building gun turrets for aircraft in a small shop next to his home in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Tucker is supported by his large, extended family, including wife Vera, as the war winds down, Tucker has a dream of finally building the car of the future. The Tucker Torpedo will feature revolutionary safety designs including disc brakes, seat belts, a pop out windshield, Tucker hires young designer Alex Tremulis to help with the design and enlists New York financier Abe Karatz to arrange financial support. Raising the money through an issue, Tucker and Karatz acquire the enormous Dodge Chicago Plant to begin manufacturing. Abe hires Robert Bennington to run the new Tucker Corporation on a day-to-day basis, launching the car of tomorrow in a spectacular way, the Tucker Corporation is met with enthusiasm from shareholders and the general public. While Tucker travels the country, Bennington and directors change the design of Tuckers car to a conventional design, eliminating the safety. At the same time, Tucker faces animosity from the Big Three, Tucker then receives a call from Howard Hughes, who sends a private plane to bring Tucker to his aircraft manufacturing site. Hughes advises Tucker to purchase Air Cooled Motors, which can supply both the steel Tucker needs, as well as a small, powerful engine that might replace Tuckers original 589 power plant. Faced with being unable to change Benningtons design, Tucker modifies the new engine and installs it in a test Tucker in the secrecy of his backyard tool and this prototype proves successful in both durability and crash testing. However, Tucker is confronted with allegations of stock fraud, fergusons investigation with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, causes Karatz, once convicted of bank fraud, to resign, fearful that his criminal record will prejudice the hearings. After giving a speech to the jurors on how capitalism in the United States is harmed by efforts of large corporations against small entrepreneurs like himself, Tucker is acquitted on all charges. Nevertheless, his company falls into bankruptcy and Preston Tucker dies of cancer seven years later, never able to realize his dream of producing a state-of-the-art automobile
20.
The Ice Storm (film)
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The Ice Storm is a 1997 American drama film directed by Ang Lee, based on the 1994 novel of the same name by Rick Moody. The film features an ensemble cast of Kevin Kline, Joan Allen, Tobey Maguire, Christina Ricci, Elijah Wood, Katie Holmes, Glenn Fitzgerald, Jamey Sheridan, the film opened in the United States on September 26,1997. Its release was limited and it ultimately grossed US$8 million on a budget of US$18 million, a special two-disc DVD set was released as part of the Criterion Collection on March 18,2008. Set over Thanksgiving weekend,1973, the film centers around two families, the Hoods and their neighbors, the Carvers, Ben, dissatisfied in his marriage and with the futility of his career, is having an affair with Janey. Elena is bored with her life and is looking to expand her thinking but is unsure of how to do so, Wendy enjoys sexual games with her school peers, as well as both Carver boys. Paul has fallen for a classmate, Libbets, at the school he attends. As the party progresses, Ben becomes drunk, when Janey chooses the keys of a handsome young man, Ben attempts to protest but trips and knocks his head on the coffee table, leading Jim to realize that his wife and Ben are having an affair. Ben, in his embarrassment, retreats to the bathroom where he remains for the rest of the evening, the remaining key party participants are paired off and leave together with only Jim and Elena remaining. She retrieves Jims keys from the bowl and returns them to him, after debating the issue, Jim and Elena leave together, engaging in a quick, clumsy sexual encounter in the front seat of Jims car. Jim, regretting the line he and Elena have just crossed, Wendy decides to make her way to the Carvers to see Mikey, but he has decided to go out into the ice storm, so she and Sandy climb into bed together and remove their clothes. They drink from a bottle of vodka and Wendy tries to him, however. Paul is invited to Libbets apartment in Manhattan, though upon arriving, is disappointed to learn that Francis was also invited. The three drink beer and listen to music, Francis and Libbets also take prescription pills found in Libbets mothers medicine cabinet, Paul decides to leave, just narrowly making the train about to leave for New Canaan. Meanwhile, Mikey, out walking in the storm, is enchanted by the beauty of the trees and he slides down an icy hill then sits on a guardrail to rest. A moment later a line, broken by a fallen tree, connects with the guardrail. Jim and Elena become stuck, due to a downed tree, Elena walks in on her daughter in bed with Sandy and orders her to get dressed. Janey had also returned home earlier and curled up on her bed in the position without bothering to take off her party clothes. Although it is not revealed what transpired between Janey and her key partner, she is exhausted and sad
21.
Face/Off
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Face/Off is a 1997 American science fiction action film directed by John Woo, written by Mike Werb and Michael Colleary, and starring John Travolta and Nicolas Cage. Travolta plays an FBI agent and Cage plays a terrorist, sworn enemies who assume each others physical appearance, the first Hollywood film in which Woo was given major creative control, it earned favorable reviews and grossed $245 million worldwide. The film was nominated for an Academy Award in the category of Sound Effects Editing at the 70th Academy Awards. Six years later, Seans vendetta against Castor culminates in his teams ambush of Castor, Castor goads Archer with knowledge of a bomb located somewhere in the city set to go off in a few days, but he is knocked into a coma before Archer can learn more. Sean affirms the threat is real, but is unable to convince Pollux to reveal where the bomb is located, Sean is taken to the same high-security prison where Pollux is, and slowly convinces Pollux that he is Castor, gaining information on the bombs location. Meanwhile, Castor wakes up from his coma prematurely and discovers his face missing and he calls his gang, and they force Dr. Walsh to put Seans face on him. Castor visits the prison and surprises Sean and he taunts his nemesis with how he burned down Dr. Walshs lab with Walsh, Tito and Miller inside to eliminate all evidence of their switch and will take over Seans life. He leaves Sean to languish while he convinces Pollux to reveal the location in exchange for release from prison. Disarming his bomb in a fashion, Castor-as-Sean gains respect from Seans fellow FBI colleagues. Castor gets close to Seans family that Sean neglected over his vendetta, he romances his wife Eve, Sean escapes after staging a riot, and retreats to Castors headquarters. There, Sean meets Sasha, the sister of Castors primary drug kingpin, Sean learns that Adam is Castors son, whom he once had planned to put under foster care. Castor learns of Seans escape and hastily assembles a team to raid his headquarters, the raid turns savage, killing numerous FBI agents and several members of Castors gang, including Pollux, Sean, Sasha, and Adam are able to escape. Seans supervisor, Director Victor Lazarro blames Castor for the numerous slayings, Castor, furious over Polluxs death, kills Victor and makes it look like a heart attack. Castor-as-Sean is promoted to Acting Director as plans are made for Lazarros funeral, Sean finds safety for Sasha and Adam and approaches Eve. He persuades her to take a sample of Castors blood and his own to compare their blood types at the hospital where she works to prove he is Sean, convinced of her husbands identity, she tells him that Castor will be vulnerable at Lazarros funeral. At the ceremony, Sean finds that Castor has anticipated his actions, Sasha arrives, and a gunfight ensues, Sasha manages to save Eve after taking a bullet. Before she dies, Sean promises to care of Adam for her. Castor flees the church with Sean pursuing him, after killing two federal agents, Castor briefly takes Jamie hostage, but she escapes by stabbing him with a butterfly knife Castor ironically gave her earlier for self-defense
22.
Pleasantville (film)
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Pleasantville is a 1998 fantasy comedy-drama film written, co-produced, and directed by Gary Ross, and co-produced by Jon Kilik, Bob Degus, and Steven Soderbergh. It stars Tobey Maguire, Jeff Daniels, Joan Allen, William H. Macy, J. T. Walsh, and Reese Witherspoon, with Don Knotts, Paul Walker, and Jane Kaczmarek in supporting roles. The story centers around two siblings who wind up trapped in a 1950s TV show, set in a small Iowa town, in their attempts to get comfortable, the two become more aware of social issues such as racism and freedom of speech. The film was released in the United States by New Line Cinema on October 23,1998. It was a box office bomb, only acquiring about $49.8 million of a $60 million budget, but received positive reviews for its visuals, acting, the film was J. T. Walshs final performance, and was dedicated to his memory. David and his twin sister Jennifer lead very different high-school social lives, Jennifer is shallow and extroverted, David is introverted and spends most of his time watching television. One evening while their mother is away, they fight over the TV, Jennifer wants to watch a concert on MTV, but David wants to watch a marathon of Pleasantville, a black and white 1950s sitcom about the idyllic Parker family. During the fight, the remote control breaks, and the TV cannot be turned on manually, a mysterious TV repairman shows up, quizzes David about Pleasantville, then gives him a strange remote control. The repairman leaves, and David and Jennifer resume fighting, however, they are transported into the Parkers black and white Pleasantville living room. David tries to reason with the repairman, but he succeeds only in chasing him away, David and Jennifer must now pretend they are Bud and Mary Sue Parker, the son and daughter on the show. David and Jennifer witness the wholesome nature of the town, such as a group of firemen rescuing a cat from a tree. David tells Jennifer they must stay in character and not disrupt the lives of the towns citizens, to keep the shows plot, Jennifer dates a boy from high school but has sex with him, a concept unknown to him and everyone else in town. Slowly, Pleasantville begins changing from black and white to color, including flowers, David introduces Mr. Johnson, owner of the burger joint/soda fountain where Bud works, to colorful modern art via a book from the library, sparking in him an interest in painting. Johnson and Betty Parker fall in love, causing her to home, throwing George Parker, Bud and Mary Sues father. The only people who remain unchanged are the fathers, led by the mayor, Big Bob. They resolve to do something about their increasingly independent wives and rebellious children, as the townsfolk become more colorful, a ban on colored people is initiated in public venues. Eventually, a riot is touched off by a painting of Betty on the window of Mr. Johnsons soda fountain. The soda fountain is destroyed, books are burned, and people who are colored are harassed in the street
23.
The Bourne Supremacy (film)
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The Bourne Supremacy is a 2004 American-German action spy thriller film starring Robert Ludlums Jason Bourne character. Though it takes the name of the second Bourne novel, its plot is entirely different, the film was directed by Paul Greengrass from a screenplay by Tony Gilroy. Universal Pictures released the film to theaters in the United States on July 23,2004 and it is the second in the Jason Bourne film series. It is preceded by The Bourne Identity and followed by The Bourne Ultimatum, The Bourne Legacy, the Bourne Supremacy continues the story of Jason Bourne, a former CIA assassin suffering from psychogenic amnesia. Bourne is portrayed by Matt Damon, the film focuses on his attempt to learn more of his past as he is once more enveloped in a conspiracy involving the CIA and Operation Treadstone. The film also stars Brian Cox as Ward Abbott, Joan Allen as Pamela Landy, two years after the events of the first film, Jason Bourne and Marie Kreutz are now in Goa, India. Still experiencing flashbacks about his life as a CIA assassin. In Berlin, two CIA agents subordinate to Deputy Director Pamela Landy are paying US$3 million for the Neski files, the deal is interrupted by Kirill, an agent for Russias Federal Security Service who works for Russian oil oligarch Yuri Gretkov. Kirill plants Bournes fingerprint at the scene, interrupts the deal, kills everyone involved and steals the files and he travels to Goa to kill Bourne, but Bourne spots him and flees with Marie. Kirill shoots and kills Marie instead of Bourne and their vehicle plunges into a river and Bourne leaves after unsuccessfully attempting to revive Marie. Bourne travels to Naples, Italy with money and passports, after finding Bournes fingerprint that Kirill planted, Landy asks Deputy Director Ward Abbott about Operation Treadstone, the defunct CIA program to which Bourne belonged. She tells Abbott that the CIA agent who stole the $20 million was named in the Neski files, some years previously, Russian politician Vladimir Neski was about to identify the thief when he was supposedly murdered by his wife in a Berlin hotel. Landy believes that Bourne and Treadstones late supervisor, Alexander Conklin, were somehow involved, both Abbott and Landy go to Berlin to capture Bourne. In Naples, Bourne allows himself to be identified by security and he subdues his CIA interrogator and copies the SIM card from his cell phone. From the subsequent phone call, he learns about Landy and the frameup, Bourne goes to Munich to visit Jarda, the only other remaining Treadstone operative. Jarda informs Bourne that Treadstone was shut down after Conklins death, Bourne kills Jarda and escapes before the CIA arrives. Bourne follows Landy and Abbott as they meet former Treadstone support technician Nicky Parsons to question her about Bourne, believing that the CIA is hunting him again, Bourne calls Landy from a nearby roof and is told of the reason for his pursuit. He demands a meet-up with Nicky and indicates to Landy that he can see her in the office, Bourne kidnaps Nicky at the meet-up in Alexanderplatz, and learns from her that Abbott was the head of Treadstone, not Conklin
24.
The Upside of Anger
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The Upside of Anger is a 2005 American romantic comedy and drama film written and directed by Mike Binder and set in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. It stars Joan Allen, Kevin Costner and Evan Rachel Wood, the film was produced by Jack Binder, Alex Gartner and Sammy Lee. The opening scene presents Terry Wolfmeyer and her daughters, with a friend, Denny Davies, about three years earlier, a flashback reveals, Terry had told her daughters that she thought their father, Grey, had left the family to be with his former secretary in Sweden. Keen to help where he can, Denny helps Andy, one of Terrys daughters, there she meets and starts a relationship with Shep, Dennys producer, a questionable character in his 40s. Meanwhile, daughter Popeye, who is attending a high school, finds herself attracted to a classmate. Hadley, for her part, announces immediately following her graduation that she is engaged to her boyfriend of three years, and pregnant. Weary and tired of Terrys ever-shifting moods, Denny storms out of her house, when a real estate deal involving both Denny and Terry finally goes through, construction begins in the area surrounding their homes. A worker accidentally uncovers an abandoned, partially covered well, where Grey Wolfmeyers body is found, rather, he had accidentally fallen in the well and died. Sarah Coomes as Anna Holstein Dane Christensen as Gorden Reiner Danny Webb as Grey Wolfmeyer Magdalena Manville as Darlene Suzanne Bertish as Gina David Firth as David Sr, rod Woodruff as Dean Reiner Stephen Greif as Emilys doctor. Arthur Penhallow as Himself According to the credits and the special features section of the DVD, much of the film was shot at Ealing Studios. Part was filmed in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. At one point in the film, Detroits 101 WRIF served as a backdrop for the movie, Denny Davies, Costners character, is referenced to have retired from the Detroit Tigers several years earlier. Several still pictures of Costner from For Love of the Game, the film holds a 74% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes based on 181 reviews, with an average rating of 6. 8/10. The site critical consensus reads A comedy/ drama for grown-ups, with performances by Joan Allen
25.
The Bourne Ultimatum (film)
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The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 American-German action spy thriller film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi, the Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity and The Bourne Supremacy. The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, Matt Damon reprises his role as Ludlums signature character, former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne. In the film, he continues his search for information about his past before he was part of Operation Treadstone and it went on to win all three of its nominations at the 80th Academy Awards, Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing. Following his pursuit by Kirill, Jason Bourne evades Moscow police while wounded, six weeks later, CIA Deputy Director Pamela Landy divulges the audiotaped confession of Ward Abbott, the late former head of Treadstone, to Director Ezra Kramer. Meanwhile, in Turin, journalist Simon Ross of The Guardian meets an informant to learn about Bourne and Operation Blackbriar, the CIA tracks Ross as he returns to London, after his mention of Blackbriar during a cell-phone call to his editor is detected by the ECHELON system. Bourne reappears in Paris to inform Martin Kreutz, the step-brother of his girlfriend Marie Helena Kreutz, of her assassination in India, Bourne reads Rosss articles and arranges a meeting with him at London Waterloo station. Vosens team, reluctantly assisted by Landy, analyzes Rosss notes and identifies his source as Neal Daniels, Bourne makes his way to Danielss office in Madrid but finds it empty. He incapacitates gunmen sent by Vosen and Landy, Nicky Parsons, a former Treadstone operative who shares a history with Bourne, tells him that Daniels has fled to Tangier and aids his escape from an arriving CIA unit. Nicky learns that Blackbriar asset Desh Bouksani has been tasked with killing Daniels, Vosen sees that Nicky accessed information about Daniels and sends Bouksani after Nicky and Bourne as well, a decision with which Landy fiercely disagrees. Bourne follows Bouksani to Daniels but fails to prevent Danielss death by a planted bomb, however, Bourne manages to kill Bouksani before he can kill Nicky. After sending Nicky into hiding, Bourne examines the contents of Danielss briefcase and finds the address of the deep-cover CIA bureau in New York City, Landy receives a phone call from Bourne, which is intercepted by Vosen. When Landy tells him that his name is David Webb and gives him the birth date 4-15-71, Bourne tells Landy to get some rest because she was tired. Vosen intercepts a text to Landy from Bourne apparently of a location to meet up, Bourne however waits for them all to leave, enters Vosens office and takes classified Blackbriar documents. Realizing that he has been hoodwinked, Vosen sends Paz after Bourne, Bourne holds the injured Paz at gunpoint, but spares his life. Bourne arrives at a hospital at 415 East 71st Street, having figured out Landys coded message, outside, Bourne meets Landy and gives her the Blackbriar files before going inside. Vosen also figures out Landys code and warns Dr. Albert Hirsch, who ran Treadstones behavior modification program and he follows Landy inside the building but is too late to stop her from faxing the Blackbriar documents out. Meanwhile, Bourne confronts Hirsch on a floor and remembers that he volunteered for Treadstone
26.
Death Race (film)
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Death Race is a 2008 American science fiction action thriller film produced, written, and directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and starring Jason Statham. Death Race was acquired by Universal Studios, and Anderson re-joined the project to write, filming began in Montreal in August 2007, and the completed project was released on August 22,2008. Critics reviews were mixed to negative, two direct to video prequels were released, Death Race 2 and Death Race 3, Inferno. In 2012, the collapse of the US economy and the subsequent increase in crime rates leads to the rise of privatized prisons, one such prison is Terminal Island Penitentiary, whose warden, Claire Hennessey, earns her profits by broadcasting a modern gladiator game participated by the prisoners. In the game Death Race, the racers, along with their navigators, the track is littered with pressure plates that activate either the cars offensive weapons, defensive equipment or deadly traps. Any racer winning 5 races will be granted freedom, towards the end of one race, a masked driver nicknamed Frankenstein is nearing the finish line, pursued by his rival Machine Gun Joe. His navigator, Case, reports that all his defensive equipment have malfunctioned, against her protest, Frankenstein refuses to let Joe finish first. Case ejects herself out of the car just before Joe destroys it, industrial worker and former NASCAR driver Jensen Ames struggles to support his family. A masked assailant knocks him unconscious, Jensen wakes up with a bloodied knife in hand, and his wife lies dead nearby, just before policemen storm into his home. He is arrested and sentenced to imprisonment, while Piper is placed in foster care. Six months later, Jensen is transferred to Terminal Island Prison and he immediately gets into a fight with Pachenko and his Aryan Brotherhood gang. Hennesseys right-hand man Ulrich calls Jensen to her office and she tells him that Frankenstein died from his injuries after the previous race, and offers to let Jensen go free if he impersonates Frankenstein to win one more race. Jensen accepts the offer and meets Frankensteins maintenance crew consisting of Coach, Gunner, on Day 1, Jensen meets his navigator Case. Jensens defensive equipment again mysteriously malfunctions, under attack by Travis Colt, one of the other competitors, Jensen improvises and spills napalm over Colts car, and Case ignites it with the cigarette lighter. Colts car is run into by Machine Gun Joes. When Jensen sees Pachenko doing the hand gesture as the masked assailant, he is distracted and is hit by Joe. Day 1 ends with 3 racers dead and 6 remaining, after a conversation with Hennessey and another fight with Pachenko, Jensen deduces that Hennessey ordered Pachenko to frame Jensen, so she can have a replacement for Frankenstein. On Day 2, Jensen confronts Case about the malfunctions, Case admits she sabotaged Frankensteins car to keep him from winning and leaving Death Race, in exchange for her release papers
27.
The Bourne Legacy (film)
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Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbaders first Bourne novel, The Bourne Legacy, the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton, the titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by several times throughout the film. In The Bourne Legacy, Aaron Cross is a member of a black ops program called Operation Outcome whose subjects are genetically enhanced and he must run for his life once former CIA Treadstone agent Jason Bournes actions lead to the public exposure of Operation Treadstone and its successor Operation Blackbriar. Filming was primarily in New York City, with scenes shot in the Philippines, South Korea, Pakistan. The film was followed in 2016 by Jason Bourne, in which Damon and he is forced to survive weather extremes and traverse rugged terrain to arrive at a remote cabin as punishment for missing training and going off the grid for four days. The cabin is operated by an exiled Outcome operative, Number Three, as an Outcome operative, Aaron uses experimental pills known as chems which enhance the physical and mental abilities of their users. Reporter Simon Ross of The Guardian, who has been investigating the CIA programs Treadstone, eight months after the mayhem in New York City and Bournes escape, Kramer requests help from Mark Turso, a retired United States Navy admiral, who runs the National Research Assay Group. Turso informs Eric Byer, a retired Air Force colonel overseeing NRAGs research and development of various clandestine enhancement programs used by the CIA, Byer discovers a potentially scandalous video on the Internet showing Hirsch socializing with Dr. Dan Hillcott, Outcomes medical director. To prevent the Senate investigation from learning about Outcome, Byer orders everyone associated with the program to be killed and he sees the sacrifice as acceptable to protect NRAGs next-generation beta programs, including the supersoldier program LARX. Byer deploys a drone to eliminate Outcome agents Number Three and Five in Alaska, Aaron hears the drones approach and leaves moments before a missile destroys the cabin with Number Three inside. Aaron removes the radio-frequency identification implanted in his thigh and force-feeds it to a wolf which is blown up by a missile. Hirsch dies of an apparent heart attack before he can testify before the Senate, at Sterisyn-Morlanta, a biogenetics company supporting Outcome, researcher Dr. Donald Foite shoots and kills all but one of his colleagues in the research laboratory. Security guards break into the lab and shoot him, though he seemingly does not feel the pain of the gunshots, Foite turns his gun on himself, leaving biochemist Dr. Marta Shearing as the sole survivor. Meanwhile, other Outcome agents are eliminated when their handlers give them poisoned yellow pills disguised as new chems, four D-Track assassins disguised as federal agents visit Marta at her country house. After she states her belief of Foite having been brainwashed into an emotionless killer, the assassins attempt to fake her suicide. He saves her life as she is his last link to the chems so that he can retain his enhanced capabilities, Marta reveals that Cross has been genetically modified by a tailored virus to retain the physical benefits without needing the green chems anymore
28.
Room (2015 film)
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Room is a 2015 independent drama film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Emma Donoghue, based on her novel of the same name. It stars Brie Larson as a woman who has held captive for seven years. Their escape allows the boy to experience the world for the first time. The film also stars Joan Allen, Sean Bridgers, and William H. Macy, a co-production of Canada and Ireland, Room was shot in Toronto, with the eponymous Room set built at Pinewood Toronto Studios. The crew designed each part of the Room set to be removable to fit the crew, Larson researched trauma and nutrition for her part, while numerous children were considered for the role of Jack. Room premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4,2015 and had a release in the United States on October 16,2015. Larson won multiple awards for her performance, including the Academy Award for Best Actress, the BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Room also received three other Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director. In Akron, Ohio, 24-year-old Joy Newsome and her 5-year-old son Jack live in a squalid shed they call Room and they share a bed, toilet, bathtub, television, and rudimentary kitchen, the only window is a skylight. They are captives of a man they call Old Nick, Jacks biological father and she tries to stay optimistic for her son, but suffers from malnutrition and depression. She allows Jack to believe that only Room and its contents are real, Old Nick tells Joy that he has lost his job and threatens that he may not be able to afford their supplies in the future. That night, Jack is overcome with curiosity and ventures out of the closet while Old Nick is asleep in bed with his mother, Joy is horrified when she awakens and sees their interaction, slapping Old Nick away. As punishment, he cuts their heat and power, Joy decides to tell Jack about the outside world, he reacts with disbelief and incomprehension, but also curiosity. She has Jack fake a fever, hoping that Old Nick will take him to a hospital where he can alert the authorities, Joy wraps Jack in a carpet and has him play dead in the hope that Old Nick will remove him from Room. Falling for the ruse, Old Nick places Jack in the back of his pickup truck, although stunned by his first exposure to the outside world, Jack jumps from the truck and attracts the attention of a passerby. The police arrive and rescue him, Joy is found and she and Jack are taken to a hospital. Old Nick is captured and imprisoned, reunited with her family, Joy learns her parents have divorced and that her mother has a new partner, Leo. She returns with Jack to her home where her mother. Her father cannot accept Jack and leaves, Jack struggles to adjust to life in the larger world, speaking only to his mother and expressing a desire to return to Room
29.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
30.
The Family (2016 TV series)
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The Family is an American thriller television series. It was created by and executive produced by Jenna Bans, former ShondaLand regular writer, the series follows on the return of the mayors young son, who was presumed dead after disappearing over a decade earlier. The series premiered on Thursday, March 3,2016, on ABC before moving to its time slot on Sundays beginning March 6,2016. On May 12,2016, the series was cancelled after one season, on September 24,2014, it was announced that ABC bought the original concept of the untitled mystery drama from Greys Anatomy and Scandal regular writer Jenna Bans. The series is produced by ABC Studios and Mandeville Television, Bans serves as producer with David Hoberman, Todd Lieberman. ABC greenlighted the pilot on January 28,2015, the pilot episode, directed by Paul McGuigan, began filming on March 12,2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Later episodes began filming in New York City in September 2015, casting advertisement began in February 2015. On February 13, Zach Gilford was the first to be announced as a regular cast member, on February 19 Liam James was cast in the key role of the young son who was presumed dead. On February 25, it was announced that Margot Bingham was cast as one of the lead roles. On February 25, it was announced that three-time Oscar nominee Joan Allen will play the role of mayor. The show would be her first broadcast series regular role after many years starring in movies, on the same day Alison Pill was cast as the mayors daughter and campaign manager. Floriana Lima was cast as a young reporter, on March 10 it was announced that Andrew McCarthy will play Warren’s former neighbor who spent 10 years in prison for Adams murder. On March 16, it was announced that Rupert Graves was cast in the series regular role as Claire Warrens husband. On October 2,2015, Grant Show joined the series in the recurring role as the Democratic governor. Andrew McCarthy as Hank Asher, a sex offender and the Warrens neighbor. He was arrested for Adams supposed murder, and spent 10 years in prison, zoe Perry as Jane, Doug Andersons pregnant girlfriend Matthew Lawler as FBI Agent Gabe Clements Grant Show as Governor Charlie Lang, Claires Democratic rival Judith Ivey as Mrs. On Metacritic, the first season holds a score of 58 out of 100, the performances of McCarthy, Pill, and Allen have been praised by critics. Stacey Ritzen of Uproxx wrote that the cast all bring their A game, particularly Allen as the matriarch and McCarthy
31.
Filling station
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A filling station is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles. The most common fuels sold in the 2010s are gasoline and diesel fuel, Fuel dispensers are also known as bowsers, petrol pumps or gas pumps. Also, many filling stations incorporate a convenience store, which like most other buildings generally have electricity sockets, the convenience stores found in filling stations typically sell candy, soda/pop, snacks and, in some cases, a small selection of grocery items. Some also sell propane or butane and have added shops to their primary business, conversely, some chain stores, such as supermarkets, discount superstores, warehouse clubs, or traditional convenience stores, have provided filling stations on the premises. The term gas station is used in the United States, Canada and the English-speaking Caribbean. In some regions of Canada, the term gas bar is used, elsewhere in the English-speaking world, mainly in the Commonwealth, the fuel is known as petrol, and the term petrol station or petrol pump is used. In the United Kingdom and South Africa garage is still commonly used, similarly, in Australia, the term service station describes any petrol station. In Japanese English, it is called a gasoline stand, in Indian English, it is called a petrol pump or a petrol bunk. In some regions of America and Australia, many filling stations have a mechanic on duty, latest figures show there are now 8,455 petrol stations in the UK down from about 18,000 in 1992 and a peak of around 40,000 in the mid-1960s. The USA had 114,474 filling stations in 2012, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, in Canada, the number is on the decline. As of December 2008,12,684 were in operation, significantly down from about 20,000 stations recorded in 1989 In Japan, in Germany, the number dropped down to 14,300 in 2011. In China, according to different reports, the number is about 95,000 to 97,000. India –43,000 Russia - there were about 25,000 gas stations in the Russian Federation In Argentina, as of 2014, the first places that sold gasoline were pharmacies, as a side business. The first filling station was the city pharmacy in Wiesloch, Germany, since 2008 the Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event. The increase in automobile ownership after Henry Ford started to sell automobiles that the class could afford resulted in an increased demand for filling stations. The worlds first purpose built gas station was constructed in St. Louis, the second gas station was constructed in 1907 by Standard Oil of California in Seattle, Washington at what is now Pier 32. Reighards Gas Station in Altoona, Pennsylvania claims that it dates from 1909 and is the oldest existing gas station in the United States, early on, they were known to motorists as filling stations. The first drive-in filling station, Gulf Refining Company, opened to the public in Pittsburgh on December 1,1913 at Baum Blvd & St Clairs Street
32.
Stage (theatre)
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In theatre and performing arts, the stage is a designated space for the performance of productions. The stage serves as a space for actors or performers and a point for the members of the audience. As an architectural feature, the stage may consist of a platform or series of platforms, in some cases, these may be temporary or adjustable but in theaters and other buildings devoted to such productions, the stage is often a permanent feature. There are several types of stages that vary as to the usage, the most common form found in the West is the proscenium stage. In this type, the audience is located on one side of the stage with the remaining sides hidden and used by the performers and technicians. Thrust stages may be similar to proscenium stages but with a platform or performance area that extends into the space so that the audience is located on three sides. In theatre in the round, the audience is located on all four sides of the stage, the fourth type of stage incorporates created and found stages which may be constructed specifically for a performance or may involve a space that is adapted as a stage. Since the Italian Renaissance, the most common used in the West has been the proscenium stage which may also be referred to as a picture frame stage. The primary feature is an opening known as the proscenium arch through which the audience views the performance. The audience directly faces the stage—which is typically raised several feet above front row audience level—and views only one side of the scene and this one side is commonly known as the invisible fourth wall of the scene. The proscenium arch evolved from the proskenium in Ancient Greek theaters and this was the space in front of the skênê or backdrop where the actors actually played. Stage floors were raked upward slightly from front to back in order to contribute to the illusion and also to make actors more visible to audiences. Subsequently, audience seating was raked, and balconies were added to give audiences a fuller view, by the end of the 19th century most stages had level floors, and much of the audience looked down on, rather than up to, the stage. The competition among royals to produce elegant and elaborate entertainments fueled and financed the expansion of European court theatres, the proscenium—which often was extremely decorative in the manner of a triumphal arch—framed the prospective picture. A wood grid above the stage supported pulleys from which wooden battens, the weight of heavy pieces was counterbalanced by sandbags. This system required the creation of a stage house or loft that was usually as high or higher than the proscenium itself. Theatres using these systems, which are manually operated by stage hands, are known as hemp houses. They have been supplanted by counterweight fly systems
33.
Compromising Positions
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Compromising Positions is a 1985 American film released by Paramount and directed by Frank Perry. The screenplay, by Susan Isaacs, was adapted from her 1978 novel, the plot concerns a Long Island housewife and former journalist who becomes involved in a murder investigation. The film stars Susan Sarandon, Raúl Juliá, Judith Ivey, Edward Herrmann, Mary Beth Hurt, Joe Mantegna, Deborah Rush, Anne De Salvo, joan Allen has a small role. Judith Singer is a former Newsday reporter who misses her old life, now that her husband Bob spends most of his time at work and her time at home on Long Island has become a bore. When her dentist, Dr. Bruce Fleckstein, is murdered, Judith sees the possibility of a story that she might be able to sell to the newspapers editor. Judith might have been the last person to see Fleckstein alive, Fleckstein was a lecher and a louse. Decked out in gold jewelry, he cheated on his wife Phyllis, not only did Fleckstein have affairs in a motel with several of his patients, but he also took compromising Polaroids of many women while they were asleep in his dentist chair. The murderer could have been sculptor Nancy Miller, or perhaps Judiths next-door neighbor Peg Tuccio, Suarez is determined to solve the case before amateur detective Judith beats him to it. Susan Sarandon as Judith Singer Raul Julia as David Suarez Joe Mantegna as Dr and she is especially complimentary about Susan Sarandons performance. The screenplay provides a batch of actresses with a chance to some comic verve. Susan Sarandons smile has never been more incredibly lush, and she does some inspired double takes - just letting her beautiful dark eyes pop and its fun to have a movie about a woman whose curiosity is her salvation
34.
John Malkovich
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John Gavin Malkovich is an American actor, director, and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 films, for his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire, he received Academy Award nominations. In January 2017, he launched his fashion line with an online shop. Malkovich was born in Christopher, Illinois and his paternal grandparents were Croatian, hailing from Ozalj. His mother was of English, French, German and Scottish ancestry and he grew up in a large house in Benton, Illinois, where his next door neighbor was future basketball star Doug Collins. His father, Daniel Leon Malkovich, was a state director and publisher of Outdoor Illinois. His mother, Joe Anne, owned the Benton Evening News, Malkovich has three younger sisters and an older brother. Malkovich attended Logan Grade School, Webster Junior High School, during his high school years, he appeared in various plays and the musical Carousel. He was also active in a gospel group, singing in area churches. As a member of a local summer theater/comedy project, he co-starred in Jean-Claude van Itallies America Hurrah in 1972, upon graduating from high school, he entered Eastern Illinois University, and then transferred to Illinois State University, where he majored in theater. In 1976, Malkovich, along with Joan Allen, Gary Sinise and he moved to New York City in 1980 to appear in a Steppenwolf production of the Sam Shepard play True West for which he won an Obie Award. In early 1982, he appeared in A Streetcar Named Desire with Chicagos Wisdom Bridge Theatre, Malkovich then directed a Steppenwolf co-production, the 1984 revival of Lanford Wilsons Balm in Gilead, for which he received a second Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award. His Broadway debut that year was as Biff in Death of a Salesman alongside Dustin Hoffman as Willy, Malkovich won an Emmy Award for this role when the play was adapted for television by CBS in 1985. One of his first film roles was as an extra alongside Allen, Terry Kinney, George Wendt and he made his feature film debut in 1984 as Sally Fields blind boarder Mr. Will in Places in the Heart. For his portrayal of Mr. Will, Malkovich received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and he also portrayed Al Rockoff in The Killing Fields. He later reprised this role for the video of Walking on Broken Glass by Annie Lennox. In 1990, he recited, in Croatian, verses of the Croatian national anthem Lijepa naša domovino in Nenad Bachs song Can We Go Higher, Malkovich starred in the 1992 film adaptation of John Steinbecks award-winning novella Of Mice and Men as Lennie alongside Gary Sinise as George. In 1994, he was nominated for another Oscar, in the same category, though he played the title role in the Charlie Kaufman-penned Being John Malkovich, he played a slight variation of himself, as indicated by the characters middle name of Horatio
35.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
36.
Pulitzer Prize
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The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
37.
Pat Nixon
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Thelma Catherine Pat Nixon was the wife of Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, and First Lady of the United States from 1969 to 1974. Born in Ely, Nevada, she grew up with her two brothers in what is now Cerritos, California, graduating high school in 1929. She attended Fullerton Junior College and later the University of Southern California and she paid for her schooling by working multiple jobs, including pharmacy manager, typist, radiographer, and retail clerk. In 1940, she married lawyer Richard Nixon and they had two daughters, Nixon campaigned for her husband in his successful congressional campaigns of 1946 and 1948. Richard Nixon was elected Vice President in the Eisenhower administration, whereupon Pat undertook many missions of goodwill with her husband and she assisted her husband in both his unsuccessful 1960 presidential campaign and later in his successful 1968 presidential campaign. As First Lady, Pat Nixon promoted a number of charitable causes and she oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces of historic art and furnishings for the White House, an acquisition larger than that of any other administration. She was the most traveled First Lady in U. S. history and these trips gained her favorable reception in the media and the host countries. Her tenure ended when, after being re-elected in a victory in 1972. Her public appearances became increasingly rare later in life and she and her husband returned to California, and later moved to New Jersey. She suffered two strokes, one in 1976 and another in 1983, then was diagnosed with cancer in 1992. She died in 1993, aged 81, thelma Catherine Ryan was born in the small mining town of Ely, Nevada, the day before Saint Patricks Day. Her father, William M. Ryan Sr. was a sailor, gold miner, Pat was a nickname given to her by her father, referring to her birthdate and Irish ancestry. After her birth, the Ryan family moved to California, thelma Ryans high-school yearbook page gives her nickname as Buddy and her ambition to run a boarding house. During this time she worked on the farm, and also at a local bank as a janitor. Her mother died of cancer in 1924, Pat, who was 12 at the time, assumed all the household duties for her father, who died in 1929 of silicosis, and two older brothers, William Jr. and Thomas. She also had a half-sister, Neva Bender, and a half-brother, Matthew Bender, from her mothers first marriage and it has been said that few, if any, First Ladies worked as consistently before their marriage as did Pat Nixon. As she told the writer Gloria Steinem during the 1968 presidential campaign, I never had time to think things like that—who I wanted to be, or who I admired. I never had time to dream about being anyone else, after graduating from Excelsior High School in 1929, she attended Fullerton Junior College
38.
The Ice Storm
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The Ice Storm is a 1994 American novel by Rick Moody. The novel was acclaimed by readers and critics alike, described as a funny, acerbic. The Hoods are Ben, Elena, Paul and Wendy and the Williamses are Jim, Janey, Mikey, Ben Hood Elena Hood Paul Hood Wendy Hood Janey Williams Jim Williams Mikey Williams Sandy Williams The novel explores the loss of innocence and moral compass in middle-upper class Americans. Its themes find their reflection in the setting, the 1970s at the time of the Watergate scandal in the wake of the sexual revolution, themes include secrets, permissiveness, vulnerability, betrayal, and absence. Youthful characters engage in sexual experimentation as their parents pursue affairs, the rapidly changing sexual mores of the period are reflected in the lives of both families, whose members experiment with traditionally taboo sexual acts such as incest and adultery. The Ice Storm was largely commended for its audacity and the many daring subjects explored in the novel, critic Adam Begley of the Chicago Tribune called the novel, A bitter and loving and damning tribute to the American family. This is a book, packed with keen observation and sympathy for human failure while The Guardian called it one of the wittiest books about family life ever written. Amanda Heller of The Boston Globe stated Moody brings this profusion of metaphor to order with a fierce and his characters, drawn with a manic acuity that isnt fully accounted for until the end, stay with us long after weve finished reading. The novel was a success commercially, however its sales were boosted in 1997 with the release of the film adaptation. The film adaptation The Ice Storm featured a cast including Sigourney Weaver, Kevin Kline, Joan Allen, Christina Ricci, Tobey Maguire and Elijah Wood. The film was a succès destime as an art film and critically acclaimed despite a poor box office. While remaining more or less faithful to the book, some details were changed, most notably, Weaver and Jamey Sheridans characters were named Janey and Jim Carver, while in Moodys book, their surname was Williams. The author Junot Diaz claims to have received the idea for the structure for The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao from this book
39.
Ang Lee
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Ang Lee OBS is a Taiwanese-born film director, screenwriter and producer. Lees earlier films, such as The Wedding Banquet, Pushing Hands, Lee also deals with repressed, hidden emotions in many of his films, including Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, The Ice Storm, Hulk, and Brokeback Mountain. Lees work is known for its charge, which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers. Ang Lee was born in a Waishengren family, in a Military dependents village of the Republic of China Armed Forces located at Chaochou, Pingtung, both of Lees parents moved from Mainland China to Taiwan following the Chinese civil war in 1949. He grew up in a household that put emphasis on education. Lee studied in the Provincial Tainan First Senior High School where his father was the principal and he was expected to pass the annual Joint College/University Entrance Examination, the only route to a university education in Taiwan. But after failing the exam twice, to the disappointment of his father, he entered a college, the National Arts School. His father had wanted him to become a professor, but he had interested in drama. This early frustration set his career on the path of performance art, seeing Ingmar Bergmans film The Virgin Spring was a formative experience for him. Originally, Lee was interested in acting, but his challenges with speaking English made it difficult, at UIUC, Lee met his future wife Jane Lin, also a Taiwanese student, who pursued her Ph. D. degree. Thereupon, he enrolled at the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University and he was a classmate of Spike Lee and worked on the crew of his thesis film, Joes Bed-Stuy Barbershop, We Cut Heads. During graduate school, Lee finished a 16mm short film, Shades of the Lake and his own thesis work, a 43-minute drama, Fine Line, won NYUs Wasserman Award for Outstanding Direction and was later selected for the Public Broadcasting Service. Lees NYU thesis drew attention from the William Morris Agency, the famous talent, at first, though, WMA found Lee few opportunities, and Lee remained unemployed for six years. During this time, he was a full-time house-husband, while his wife Jane Lin and this arrangement put enormous pressure on the couple, but with Lins support and understanding, Lee did not abandon his career in film but continued to generate new ideas from movies and performances. He also wrote several screenplays during this time, in 1990, Lee submitted two screenplays, Pushing Hands and The Wedding Banquet, to a competition sponsored by Taiwans Government Information Office, and they came in first and second, respectively. The winning screenplays brought Lee to the attention of Li-Kong Hsu, Hsu, a first-time producer, invited Lee to direct Pushing Hands, a full-length feature that debuted in 1991. The Father Knows Best trilogy Pushing Hands was a success in Taiwan both among critics and at the box office and it received eight nominations in the Golden Horse Film Festival, Taiwans premier film festival. In all, this film collected eleven Taiwanese and international awards and these first two movies were based on stories of Chinese Americans, and both were filmed in the US
40.
John Woo
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John Woo SBS is a Chinese-born Hong Kong film director, writer, and producer. He is the owner of Lion Rock Productions and he is considered a major influence on the action genre, known for his highly chaotic action sequences, Mexican standoffs, and frequent use of slow motion. Woo has directed several notable Hong Kong action films, among them, A Better Tomorrow, The Killer, Hard Boiled and his Hollywood films include the action films Hard Target and Broken Arrow, the sci-fi action thriller Face/Off and the action spy film Mission, Impossible II. He also created the comic series Seven Brothers, published by Virgin Comics, Woo cites his three favorite films as David Leans Lawrence of Arabia, Akira Kurosawas Seven Samurai and Jean-Pierre Melvilles Le Samouraï. Woo was born Wu Yu-Seng in Guangzhou, China, amidst the chaos of the Chinese Civil War at the end of October,1946, because of school age restrictions, his mother changed his birth date to 22 September 1948, which is what remains on his passport. The Christian Woo family, faced persecution during Mao Zedongs early anti-bourgeois purges after the communist revolution in China. Impoverished, the Woo family lived in the slums at Shek Kip Mei and his father was a teacher, though rendered unable to work by tuberculosis, and his mother was a manual laborer on construction sites. The family was rendered homeless by the big Shek Kip Mei fire of 1953, charitable donations from disaster relief efforts enabled the family to relocate, however, violent crime had by then become commonplace in Hong Kong housing projects. At age three he was diagnosed with a medical condition. Following surgery on his spine, he was unable to walk correctly until eight years old and his Christian background shows influences in his films. As a young boy, Woo had wanted to be a Christian minister and he later found a passion for movies influenced by the French New Wave especially Jean-Pierre Melville. Woo has said he was shy and had difficulty speaking, but found making movies a way to explore his feelings and thinking, the local cinema would prove a haven of retreat. Woo found respite in musical films, such as The Wizard of Oz, Woo married Annie Woo Ngau Chun-lung in 1976 and has three children. He has lived in the United States since 1993, in 1969, Woo was hired as a script supervisor at Cathay Studios. In 1971, he became an assistant director at Shaw Studios and his directorial debut in 1974 was the feature film The Young Dragons. In the Kung fu action genre, it was choreographed by Jackie Chan and featured dynamic camera-work, the film was picked up by Golden Harvest Studio where he went on to direct more martial arts films. He later had success as a director with Money Crazy. By the mid-1980s, Woo was experiencing occupational burnout, several of his films were commercial disappointments, and he felt a distinct lack of creative control
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The Mists of Avalon (miniseries)
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The Mists of Avalon is a 2001 miniseries based on the 1983 novel of the same name by Marion Zimmer Bradley. The first episode was the original movie on basic cable in the summer of 2001. The film begins with a battered, dirty, and injured Morgaine riding in a boat through a misty river. Most of the film is a reflection through her eyes, with Morgaine as narrator, in the beginning of the film, the Saxons are invading Britain. Morgaine is eight-years-old, living with her pagan mother Igraine and Christian father Gorlois, igraines younger sister, Morgause, lives with them too. Igraine is distressed after being told that the child not be Gorlois. Merlin explains that the father of the king would be wearing a dragon on his arm. Suddenly, little Morgaine has a vision, seeing her father dead, Viviane is pleased yet concerned that Morgaine has the Sight, as this gift so revered by her people is considered evil and unnatural by the Christians. Soon, Igraine and Gorlois, the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall, are invited to a feast with the High King, Ambrosius, in storms Uther Pendragon, a dashing and rugged man. Igraine is immediately drawn to him, and therefore Gorlois soon antagonizes Uther, however, as soon as Igraine sees Uther extend his arm, revealing the dragon of the prophecy, Igraine is flustered and leaves the Great Hall. Uther pursues her outside, where she attempts to be cold, Uther expresses that he, as a Pagan, knew something bonded them before they even met. Gorlois interrupts the meeting, announcing out of jealousy that Uther was named the High Kings successor, later, after Uther is crowned, Gorlois sets his army up outside of Uthers camp to kill Uther. Viviane sends Igraine a vision and tells her she can still save Uther, Igraine sends her out to Uther. A battle between Gorlois and Uther ensues, and Igraine faints and she is caught, but is released after a man in armor and Merlin approach the gates. A guard asks to see the mans face, and Merlin puts a charm on the man to make him appear as Gorlois. At first, Morgaine is thankful her father is alive, but she noticed the dragon of the mans arm, later, she is waiting for her fathers body to come home. Morgause says that Gorlois is upstairs sleeping with Igraine, but Morgaine tells Morgause that her father is dead, Gorlois corpse then arrives, and Igraine is shell shocked. Uther emerges in his true form, Morgause, however, ignores the drama, as the man who delivered Gorlois body, King Lot of Orkney, takes notice of her, and she falls in love
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TNT (U.S. TV network)
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TNT is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. As of July 2015, TNT is available to approximately 94.259 million cable, satellite and telco households in the United States. The channel launched at 8 p. m. Eastern Time on October 3,1988 with a performance of The Star Spangled Banner. Its inaugural telecast was the 1939 classic film Gone with the Wind and it was said that the movie was chosen as the channels first program because it was Turners favorite movie. It would also serve as the first program aired on sister channel Turner Classic Movies, incidentally, Gone With the Wind had its premiere held in Atlanta, Georgia, Turners hometown and the headquarters of the channels corporate parent, Turner Broadcasting System. The city served as the setting for the film, TNT was initially a vehicle for older movies and television shows, but slowly began to add original programming and newer reruns. At one point, Monday Nitro was regularly the highest-rated weekly program on cable television, the program beat Monday Night Raw, the flagship show of the World Wrestling Federation, in the ratings for 83 consecutive weeks from 1996 to 1998. The channel was known for its late night programming. One such program was MonsterVision, a Saturday night B movie showcase that aired from 1993 to 2000 It featured a Godzilla movie marathon at the end of every month. This running joke culminated in a Friday the 13th all-night Halloween marathon in 1998, the Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show, which ran from 1995 to 1997, was an original childrens program on the channel featuring classic Warner Bros. MGM, and Popeye shorts, hosted by a pair of a marionette. In 1998, TNT dropped all of its cartoons, relegating those shows to Cartoon Network. Most of the series and shorts that were dropped would also serve as the core of Boomerang. During the 1990s, TNT scheduled an afternoon block that included Due South, Kung Fu, The Legend Continues, Lois & Clark, The New Adventures of Superman. In 1998, TNT took over production of the fifth and final season of Babylon 5 from the Prime Time Entertainment Network after the syndication block ceased operations. The following year, TNT produced the Babylon 5 spinoff series Crusade, in 2001, TNT debuted what became its most successful original series at the time, Witchblade, which ran for two seasons, ending in 2002. On June 12,2001, TNT underwent a rebrand, with the introduction of a new logo designed by Trollbäck + Company as well as a new slogan. The slogan emphasized the new focus on dramatic programming, including sports and off-network syndicated dramas such as Law & Order, NYPD Blue, ER
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Prison
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Besides their use for punishing crimes, jails and prisons are frequently used by authoritarian regimes against perceived opponents. Prisons often have facilities that are designed with long term confinement in mind in comparison to jails. In times of war, prisoners of war or detainees may be detained in prisons or prisoner of war camps. The use of prisons can be traced back to the rise of the state as a form of social organization, corresponding with the advent of the state was the development of written language, which enabled the creation of formalized legal codes as official guidelines for society. The best known of early legal codes is the Code of Hammurabi. Some Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, began to develop ideas of using punishment to reform instead of simply using it as retribution. Imprisonment as a penalty was used initially for those who could not afford to pay their fines, eventually, since impoverished Athenians could not pay their fines, leading to indefinite periods of imprisonment, time limits were set instead. The prison in Ancient Athens was known as the desmoterion, the Romans were among the first to use prisons as a form of punishment, rather than simply for detention. A variety of existing structures were used to house prisoners, such as cages, basements of public buildings. One of the most notable Roman prisons was the Mamertine Prison, the Mamertine Prison was located within a sewer system beneath ancient Rome and contained a large network of dungeons where prisoners were held in squalid conditions, contaminated with human waste. Forced labor on public projects was also a common form of punishment. In many cases, citizens were sentenced to slavery, often in ergastula, during the Middle Ages in Europe, castles, fortresses, and the basements of public buildings were often used as makeshift prisons. Another common punishment was sentencing people to slavery, which involved chaining prisoners together in the bottoms of ships. However, the concept of the modern prison largely remained unknown until the early 19th-century, Punishment usually consisted of physical forms of punishment, including capital punishment, mutilation, flagellation, branding, and non-physical punishments, such as public shaming rituals. However, an important innovation at the time was the Bridewell House of Corrections, located at Bridewell Palace in London and these houses held mostly petty offenders, vagrants, and the disorderly local poor. In these facilities, inmates were given jobs, and through prison labor they were taught how to work for a living, by the end of the 17th century, houses of correction were absorbed into local prison facilities under the control of the local justice of the peace. From the late 17th century and during the 18th century, popular resistance to public execution, rulers began looking for means to punish and control their subjects in a way that did not cause people to associate them with spectacles of tyrannical and sadistic violence. They developed systems of mass incarceration, often with hard labor, the prison reform movement that arose at this time was heavily influenced by two somewhat contradictory philosophies
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Georgia O'Keeffe
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Georgia Totto OKeeffe was an American artist. She was best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, OKeeffe has been recognized as the Mother of American modernism. In 1908, unable to further education, she worked for two years as a commercial illustrator, and then spent seven years between 1911 and 1918 teaching in Virginia, Texas, and South Carolina. Alfred Stieglitz, an art dealer and photographer, held an exhibit of her works in 1916, over the next couple of years, she taught and continued her studies at the Teachers College, Columbia University. She moved to New York in 1918 at Stieglitzs request and began working seriously as an artist and they developed a professional relationship, he promoted and exhibited her works, and a personal relationship that led to their marriage in 1924. The reputation of the portrayal of sexuality was also fueled by explicit and sensuous photographs that Stieglitz had taken. After Stieglitz’s death, she lived permanently in New Mexico at Georgia OKeeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiú, in 2014, OKeeffes 1932 painting Jimson Weed sold for $44,405,000, more than three times the previous world auction record for any female artist. The Georgia OKeeffe Museum was established after her death in Santa Fe, Georgia OKeeffe was born on November 15,1887, in a farmhouse located at 2405 Hwy T in the town of Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. Her parents, Francis Calyxtus OKeeffe and Ida OKeeffe, were dairy farmers and her father was of Irish descent. Her maternal grandfather George Victor Totto, for whom OKeeffe was named, was a Hungarian count who came to the United States in 1848, OKeeffe was the second of seven children. She attended Town Hall School in Sun Prairie, by age ten she had decided to become an artist, and she and her sister received art instruction from local watercolorist Sara Mann. OKeeffe attended high school at Sacred Heart Academy in Madison, Wisconsin as a boarder between 1901 and 1902, in late 1902 the OKeeffes moved from Wisconsin to the close-knit neighborhood of Peacock Hill in Williamsburg, Virginia. OKeeffe stayed in Wisconsin with her aunt and attended Madison High School and she completed high school as a boarder at Chatham Episcopal Institute in Virginia and graduated in 1905. She was a member of the Kappa Delta sorority, when she taught and headed the art department at West Texas State Normal College, her youngest sibling, Claudia, lived with her at her mothers request to watch over her as she studied at the school. In 1917 she visited her brother, Alexis, at a camp in Texas before he shipped out for Europe during World War I. While there she created the painting, The Flag, which expressed her anxiety, OKeeffe studied and ranked at the top of her class at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago from 1905 to 1906, studying with John Vanderpoel. Due to typhoid fever, she had to take a year off from her education, in 1907, she attended the Art Students League in New York City, where she studied under William Merritt Chase, Kenyon Cox and F. In 1908, she won the Leagues William Merritt Chase still-life prize for her oil painting Dead Rabbit with Copper Pot and her prize was a scholarship to attend the Leagues outdoor summer school in Lake George, New York
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Lifetime (TV network)
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The channel features programming that is geared toward women or features women in lead roles. As of July 2015, approximately 95,020,000 American households receive Lifetime, Daytime, originally called BETA, was launched in March 1982 by Hearst-ABC Video Services. The cable service operated four hours per day on weekdays, the service was focused on alternative womens programming. Cable Health Network was launched as a channel in June 1982 with a range of health-related programming. In November 1983, Cable Health Network adopted a new name, Lifetime Medical Television, Lifetime was established on February 1,1984 as the result of a merger of Hearst/ABCs Daytime and Viacoms Lifetime Medical Television. A board for the new network was formed with representation from Hearst, ABC and Viacom. It was not a success, reportedly losing $36 million in its first two years of operation, and did not become profitable until 1986. The channel suffered from low viewership, with a poll finding that some TV viewers erroneously believed it carried religious content. In 1985, Lifetime started branding itself as Talk Television with a lineup of talk shows and call-in programs hosted by people like Regis Philbin. In the process, the dropped the apple from their logo. In 1988, Lifetime hired Patricia Fili as its head of programming, in the first three years of her tenure, she changed 60 percent of Lifetimes programming, by her own estimate. A. The network also showed movies from the portfolios of its owners, Hearst, ABC, under Filis direction, Lifetime has gone a long way toward shedding its low-rent image. Lifetime began airing a limited amount of sports coverage, including the WNBA. Lifetime also adopted a new tagline, meanwhile, the channels original programming was aimed not just at women aged 24–44, but these womens spouses, who research showed watched the network in the evenings with their wives. This was done by making the characters in Lifetimes original programming – such as the film series Spencer for Hire – more appealing to men by making them more masculine. These roles were more stereotypical than previous Lifetime movies, which featured women protagonists on their own. This helped Lifetime take advantage of a bias in the Nielsen ranking system that favored upscale couples who shared a television set. By January 1995, Lifetime was the sixth most-highly rated cable network by Nielsen, according to Lifetime executives, the network stood to lose up to one million subscribers due to TCIs move
