1.
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
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Wynnewood is a suburban unincorporated community, west of Philadelphia, that straddles Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County and Haverford Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was named in 1691 for Dr. Thomas Wynne, William Penns physician, Lower Merion Township is the fifth-most-affluent township in the United States. Wynnewood is neither an incorporated area nor a place, all data is for its ZIP code 19096. As of 2010 Census, there were 13,572 people and 5,436 households residing in the community, in 2000, the population density was 3,882 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the community was 92. 9% White,3. 2% Asian,2. 5% African American,0. 40% from other races,1. 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The median income for a household in the community was $86,861, the per capita income for the community was $51,543. About 0. 9% of families and 2. 9% of the population were below the poverty line, residents of Wynnewood cooperate with those of adjacent Ardmore in many ways, one of which is the ArdWood Civic Association. South Ardmore Park is partly in Wynnewood, and partly in Ardmore and this park is the site of a free or low-cost summer camp, sporting activities, walking paths, and a verdant setting. Wynnewood itself is mostly residential, with its shopping in various clusters, the largest shopping center in Wynnewood is the Wynnewood Shopping Center. Other shopping venues in the suburb include Wynnewood Square and The Whole Foods Shopping Center, as Wynnewood is primarily a residential community, its residents visit other districts of the Main Line, such as Ardmore or Narberth, for shopping. Along with its streets and mature old stone homes, Wynnewood has also been known historically for its car dealerships. Gracious, old-fashioned restaurants, Stouffers and the Viking Inn, both on Lancaster Avenue, have disappeared and not been replaced, although less expensive fare is widely available. The towns only movie theater, the Eric Wynnewood, became Vinny Ts in 2000, became a Buca di Beppo in late 2010, opposite the Wynnewood Shopping Center is the Wynnewood train station. Built in the1870s, the regional rail train station was designed by Wilson Brothers. Towns on the lower Main Line adjacent to Wynnewood include Overbrook, Merion, Narberth, Ardmore, Haverford, Wynnewood is located along Lancaster Avenue and is also easily accessible from nearby Interstate Routes 76 and 476. Wynnewood is also home to one the three teaching hospitals that serve Philadelphias Main Line. Saint Margarets Elementary School in nearby Narberth also serves Wynnewoods Catholic elementary school community, there are other private schools such as Episcopal Academy, as well as Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy and the Solomon Schechter School, which are both Jewish-affiliated schools. Finally, there is a French International School which has two lower school near the Bala Cynwyd Library and the upper school on City Avenue
2.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
3.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
4.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
5.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
6.
MCA Records
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MCA Records was an American-based record company owned by MCA Inc. which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group, of which MCA Records was still part. MCAs country division, MCA Nashville, is an active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville. MCA was forced to exit the talent agency business in order to complete the merger, as American Decca owned Universal Pictures, MCA assumed full ownership of Universal and made it into the top film studio in town, producing hit after hit. In 1966, MCA formed Uni Records and in 1967 purchased Kapp Records which was placed under Uni Records management. In 1937, the owner of Decca, E. R. Lewis, chose to split off the U. K. Decca company from the U. S. company, companies if the emerging hostilities of Nazi Germany should lead to war – correctly foreseeing World War II. Lewis sold the remainder of his U. S. Decca holdings when war did break out, MCAs U. S. -based Decca Records kept the rights to the Decca name in North and South America and parts of Asia including Japan. U. K. Decca owned the rights to the Decca name in the rest of the world, after the war, British Decca formed a new U. S. subsidiary, London Records. During this time U. S. Decca issued records outside North America on the Brunswick, in 1967, Brunswick and Coral were replaced by the MCA label to release U. S. Decca and Kapp label material outside North America. Initial activity as MCA Records was based in London and MCA Records UK was formally launched on February 16,1968. Among the early artists on the MCA label, around 1971, were groups Wishbone Ash, Osibisa, Stackridge and Budgie, early MCA releases were distributed by U. K. Decca but it moved to EMI in 1974. In 1979, distribution moved to CBS, while the last releases in the 1980s were self-distributed, as the U. S. division of MCA Records was not established until 1972, the earliest U. K. MCA Records material was released in the U. S. on either Kapp or Decca, Uni label material was issued on the Uni label worldwide. In 1970, MCA reorganized its Canadian record company Compo Company Ltd. into MCA Records, in April 1970, former Warner Bros. Records president Mike Maitland joined MCA and initially served as Deccas general manager. Maitland was unsuccessful in his attempt to consolidate Warner Bros. Records with co-owned Atlantic Records which led to his departure from Warner, the three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were retired in favor of the MCA label in 1973. Drift Away by Dobie Gray became the final Decca pop label release in the U. S in 1973. Beginning the same year the catalogs of Decca, Uni and Kapp were reissued in the U. S. on the MCA label under the supervision of veteran Decca producer Milt Gabler. The first MCA Records release in the U. S. was former Uni artist Elton Johns Crocodile Rock single in 1972, MCA label used a black with curved rainbow design until the late 1970s. This design was inspired by the U. S. Decca label of the 1960s
7.
CBS Records International
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CBS Records International, simply CBS in logo, was the international arm of the Columbia Records unit of Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. that was formed in 1961 and launched in 1962. Previously Columbia Records had been using other companies to distribute Columbia recordings outside North America, such as Philips Records. In 1960, CBS acquired its Australian distributor since 1956, the Australian Record Company, American Columbia material continued to be issued on the CBS Coronet Records label in Australia. The CBS label was launched in Australia in 1963, also in 1960, CBS began negotiations with its European distributor Philips Records with the goal of the establishment of a CBS Records label in Europe. Philips acquisition of Mercury Records paved the way for the formation of the CBS label in 1961 with Philips distributing the first batch of CBS recordings in Europe in 1962. The use of the CBS name was necessary because EMI owned another record label called Columbia, in 1964, CBS acquired Oriole Records which gave CBS Records its own distribution in the UK beginning in 1965. Initially, only American Columbia product was distributed alongside Orioles own roster on the renamed CBS label. EMI, which had distributed American Columbia recordings on its Columbia label until the Philips deal in 1951, continued to distribute CBSs other American labels such as Epic, the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 at which point CBS began distributing all their labels directly. In Germany, the CBS label distributed Motown from 1963 to 1965, CBS sold the record company in 1988 to Sony Corporation of America for $US2 billion. In 1991, the CBS Records company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment, the CBS Records label was renamed Columbia Records after Sony acquired the Columbia name and trade marks from EMI. Harvey Schein, 1962-1971 Walter Yetnikoff, 1971–1975 Allen A. Davis, c.1980 Bob Summer, 1986–
8.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
9.
Polydor Records
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Polydor is a British record label and company, that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a relationship with Universals Interscope Geffen A&M label. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom, Polydor Records Ltd. was established in London in 1954 as a British subsidiary of German company Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. The Polydor label was founded on 2 April 1913 by German Polyphon-Musikwerke AG in Leipzig, during World War I on 24 April 1917, Polyphon-Musikwerke AG acquired the German Deutsche Grammophon-Aktiengesellschaft record plant and company from the German government. The German state was taken over Grammophon and the British holdings as enemies property during World War I, Polydor was originally an independent branch of the Polyphon-Grammophon-Konzern group. It was used as a label since 1924. The British and German branches of the Gramophone Company were so departed during World War I, in turn, Deutsche Grammophon records exported from Germany were released on the Polyphon Musik and Polydor labels. The new foreign branches were founded for example into Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Polydor became a popular music label in 1946, while the new Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft label was to become a classical music label in 1949. The previously used label, Grammophon, was disbanded, DGG gave, with an agreement dated 5 July 1949, an exclusive license from 1 July 1951 to use the Nipper-dog with gramophone to the original owners company Electrola, the German branch of EMI. In 1970, Polydor acquired the Hong Kong-based Diamond Records, which had owned and founded by the local Portuguese merchant Ren da Silva in the late 1950s. In 1972, The Grammophon-Philips Group reorganized to create PolyGram, the Polydor label continued to run as a subsidiary label under the new company. The name PolyGram is a portmanteau of Polydor and PhonoGram, into the 1980s, Polydor continued to do respectable business, in spite of becoming increasingly overshadowed by its PolyGram sister label Mercury Records. Polydor took over management of British Deccas pop catalog, A&R manager Frank Neilson was able to score a major top ten hit in March 1981 for the label with Do The Hucklebuck by Coast to Coast as well as signing Ian Dury and Billy Fury to the company. In 1984, the name was parodied in the rockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap. By the early 1990s, Polydor had begun to underperform, in 1994, as Island Records recovered from its sales slump, PolyGram dissolved most of PLG into it. Meanwhile, Polydor Records and Atlas Records merged, briefly called Polydor/Atlas, in 1995, Polydor/Atlas became simply Polydor Records again. Over the next few years, Polydor tried to keep itself afloat with new artist signings, new releases, in 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and absorbed into its Universal Music Group. Today, in America, the Polydor Records name and logo is used on reissues of older material from its 1960s and 1970s heyday
10.
Chrysalis Records
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Chrysalis Records /ˈkrɪ. sə. lɪs/ is a British record label that was created in 1969. The name was both a reference to the stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders names, Chris Wright. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency and this was after the single Sunshine Day/Aeroplane was incorrectly credited to Jethro Toe. Jethro Tull signed with Reprise Records in the United States, which led Chrysalis to an American distribution deal with Reprises parent company and this lasted from 1972 until U. S. Chrysalis switched to independent distribution in 1976. PolyGram handled international distribution and Festival Records covered Australia and New Zealand, towards the end of the 1970s, the label began to extend its range of music, incorporating acts from the Punk Rock scene such as Generation X. The Chrysalis offshoot 2 Tone Records brought in such as The Specials. In 1979 Chrysalis bought and distributed U. S. folk label Takoma Records, naming manager/producer Denny Bruce as president, jon Monday who was Vice President of Takoma Records prior to the acquisition continued as General Manager, later becoming Director of Marketing of Chrysalis Records. Chrysalis made history in 1979 by creating the first music video album, in the 1980s, Chrysalis was at the forefront of the British New Romantic movement with bands such as Gen X, Ultravox, and Spandau Ballet. The 1980s proved to be the most successful time for the label, whose roster then included Billy Idol, Pat Benatar, Blondie and Huey Lewis, Chrysalis also distributed Animal Records, the short-lived label founded by Blondie guitarist Chris Stein. In 1983 Daniel Glass moved to Chrysalis as Director of New Music Marketing, advancing later to Senior Vice President. The Chrysalis Records label was sold 50% in 1990, then the half in 1991 to EMI with catalogue. Chrysalis Records folded into EMI subsidiary and flagship label EMI Records in 2005, the British Chrysalis catalogue was put up for sale by Universal Music Group after its acquisition of EMI. In July 2013, Warner Music Group completed acquisition of Parlophone Label Group, when Universal Music Group purchased EMI in 2012 ownership of Chrysalis passed to UMG. In 2013 Warner Music Group acquired part of EMI from UMG, in May 2016, Blue Raincoat Music purchased Chrysalis Records Ltd and the artist catalogue from Warner Music Group. Blue Raincoat founders Jeremy Lascelles and Robin Millar brought in Robert Devereux and this reunited founder Wright with the company he set up 47 years previously. Chris Wright is now non-executive Chairman of Chrysalis Records Ltd, since the acquisition from Warner Music Group, Chrysalis has acquired the catalogues of Suzi Quatro, Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel, Athlete and Fun Lovin Criminals. Official site for Chrysalis Records UK at Blue Raincoat Music Ben Sisario, New York Times, Media Decoder blog,7 February 2013 Discogs page on Chrysalis Records
11.
Mercury Records
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Mercury Records is an American-based record label owned by Universal Music Group. In the United States, it operates through Island Records, in the UK, Mercury Record Corporation was formed in the American city of Chicago in 1945 by Irving Green, Berle Adams, Ray Greenberg and Arthur Talmadge. They were a force in jazz and blues, classical music, rock and roll. Early in the history, Mercury opened two pressing plants, one in Chicago and the other in St. Louis, Missouri. With the use of presses and providing 24-hour turnaround, they went into direct competition with major recording labels such as Columbia, Decca, Capitol. By hiring two promoters, Tiny Hill and Jimmy Hilliard, they penetrated the pop market with such as Frankie Laine, Vic Damone, Tony Fontane. Rather than rely on radio airplay, Mercury initially relied on jukeboxes to promote their music, some early Mercury recordings featured a caricature of him as its logo. In 1947 Jack Rael, a musician and publicist/manager, persuaded Mercury to let Patti Page record a song that had planned to be done by Vic Damone. The budget was too small for them to hire a second singer to provide the parts to Page. The company released a number of recordings under the Mercury label as well as its subsidiaries. In addition, they leased and purchased material by independent labels, under their own label, Mercury released a variety of recording styles from classical music to psychedelic rock. However, its subsidiaries focused on their own specialized categories of music, Mercurys jazz division had two distinct and important fathers. John Hammond brought his expertise and connections when Mercury bought Keynote Records in the late 1940s, and Mercury was the issuing company and distributor for Norman Granzs pre-Norgran/Verve recordings. Although both Hammond and Granz had departed Mercury by the mid-1950s, they established the company in the jazz world, by the early 1960s, Mercury was releasing jazz under the flagship label and was an early leader in the new stereo sound releases. Highlights of the early and mid-1960s included albums by Quincy Jones, Buddy Rich, Cannonball Adderley, Charles Mingus, Dinah Washington, Sarah Vaughan, Max Roach, in the early 1950s, Norman Granz started his own record company, Norgran, which later became Verve. In an ironic twist, both Mercury and Verve are now owned by Universal Music Group and Mercurys jazz library falls under the Verve division. Since the early 1990s, Verve has reissued many Mercury jazz titles on CD, often taking care to use original master tapes, in 1962, Mercury began marketing a line of phonographs made by Philips bearing the Mercury brand name. In July 1967, Mercury Records became the first U. S. record company to release cassette music tapes, in 1969, Mercury changed its corporate name to Mercury Record Productions Inc. while its parent Conelco became North American Philips Corp after Philips brought control of the company
12.
The Runaways
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The Runaways were an American all-female rock band that recorded and performed in the second half of the 1970s. The band released four albums and one live set during its run. Among their best-known songs are Cherry Bomb, Hollywood, Queens of Noise, the Runaways, though never a major success in the United States, became a sensation overseas, especially in Japan, thanks to the hit single Cherry Bomb. The Runaways were formed in late 1975 by drummer Sandy West, the two met on their own at Wests home and later called Fowley to let him hear the outcome. Fowley then helped the girls find other members, starting as a power trio with singer/bassist Micki Steele, the Runaways began the party and club circuit around Los Angeles. They soon added lead guitarist Lita Ford who had auditioned for the bass spot. Steele was fired from the group, replaced by local bassist Peggy Foster, lead singer Cherie Currie was found and recruited in a local teen nightclub called the Sugar Shack, followed by Jackie Fox on bass. The Runaways were signed to Mercury Records in 1976 and their debut album, the band toured the U. S. and played numerous sold-out shows. They opened shows with headlining acts such as Cheap Trick and Tom Petty and their second album, Queens of Noise was released in 1977 and the band began a world tour. The Runaways quickly became lumped in with the punk rock movement. In the summer of 1977, their booking agent David Libert sent the group to Japan, the Runaways were the number four imported music act in Japan at the time, behind ABBA, Kiss and Led Zeppelin in terms of album sales and popularity. The girls were unprepared for the onslaught of fans greeted them at the airport. The mass hysteria was described by Jett as being like Beatlemania. While in Japan, the Runaways had their own TV special, did numerous television appearances, also in Japan, Fox left the band shortly before the group was scheduled to appear at the 1977 Tokyo Music Festival. Jett temporarily took over bass duties, when the group returned home, they replaced Fox with Vicki Blue. Currie then left the group after a blow-up with Ford in the fall of 1977, Jett, who had previously shared vocals with Currie, took over lead vocals full-time. The band released their album, Waitin for the Night. Currie released a solo LP, Beautys Only Skin Deep, produced by Kim Fowley, and began a separate U. S. tour, Mercury Records chose not to release Curries album in the U. S. although it was available as a pricey import via France
13.
Joan Jett
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Joan Marie Larkin known professionally as Joan Jett, is an American rock singer, songwriter, composer, musician, record producer and occasional actress. She is best known for her work as Joan Jett & the Blackhearts, preceded by success with the Runaways, the Blackhearts record I Love Rock n Roll was No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 from March 20 to May 1,1982. Her other popular recordings include Crimson and Clover, I Hate Myself for Loving You, Do You Wanna Touch Me, Light of Day, Love Is All Around, Jett has a mezzo-soprano vocal range. She has three albums that have been certified Platinum or Gold, and has been a feminist icon throughout her career and she has been described as the Queen of Rock n Roll. She is also known as the Godmother of Punk, in 2015, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Joan Marie Larkin was born September 22,1958, at Lankenau Hospital in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania and she is the oldest of three children. Her father sold insurance, her mother was a secretary and her family were Protestant and attended church, but were not particularly religious. In 1967, her moved to Rockville, Maryland, where she attended Randolph Junior High. Jett got her first guitar at the age of 14 and she took some guitar lessons, but soon quit because the instructor kept trying to teach her folk songs. Her family then moved to West Covina, California, in Los Angeles County, in Los Angeles, Jetts favorite night spot was Rodney Bingenheimers English Disco, a venue that provided the glam rock style she loved. Jett became a member of the Runaways, alongside drummer Sandy West. Jackie Fox, Lita Ford and Cherie Currie soon joined up to complete the band, while Currie initially fronted the band, Jett shared some lead vocals, played rhythm guitar and wrote or co-wrote a lot of the bands material along with Ford, West and Currie. The band recorded five albums, with Live In Japan becoming one of the imports in US. The band toured around the world and became an act for Cheap Trick, Ramones, Van Halen and Tom Petty. They found success abroad, especially in Japan, while touring England with the Runaways in 1976, Jett first heard the song I Love Rock n Roll when she saw Arrows perform it on their weekly UK television series Arrows. In 2010, The Runaways, a movie about Jetts band, was released, starring Kristen Stewart as Jett, while the Runaways were popular in Europe, Asia, Australia, Canada and South America, they could not garner the same level of success in the US. After Currie left the band, the band released two albums with Jett handling the lead vocals, Waitin for the Night and And Now. Altogether they produced five albums from 1975 until they disbanded in the spring of 1979, soon after, Jett produced the Germs only album
14.
Cherry Bomb (The Runaways song)
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Cherry Bomb is a 1976 punk-influenced hard rock single by the all-girl band The Runaways from their self-titled debut album. It is regarded by many as the signature song. Cherry Bomb was also ranked 52nd on VH1s 100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs, cherie Currie also re-recorded Cherry Bomb with Marie Currie, her identical twin sister, on their 1997 re-released version of the album Messin with the Boys. It reached #1 on the Japanese chart and #106 on the U. S chart. The Runaways version of Cherry Bomb was used in the television film Dawn, Portrait of a Teenage Runaway as well as the film Dazed and Confused, and was featured on the latter films soundtrack album. Cherry Bomb was re-recorded by Jett and Currie for use in the 2010 video game Guitar Hero, the Cherry Bomb refrain is sung by Jojo Levesque in a scene of the 2006 movie RV. Levesque had to be trained to sing the song poorly for humorous effect, Cherry Bomb was covered by Dakota Fanning and Kristen Stewart for the biographical film The Runaways. Joan Jett recorded a version backed by L7 for inclusion on the benefit album Spirit of 73. Currie performed Cherry Bomb with Warehouse 13 star Allison Scagliotti in the series Season 4 episode Runaway, the song is heard in the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy, during the opening moments of the films climactic battle sequence. It is also included on the films soundtrack
15.
I Love Rock 'n' Roll
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I Love Rock n Roll is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of The Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. The only Arrows band member still living, Alan Merrill has been playing the song live in Europe, Japan. The song was recorded and released by The Arrows in 1975 on Rak Records, with lead vocals, guitar, music & lyrics written by Alan Merrill. In an interview with Songfacts, Merrill said he wrote it as a response to the Rolling Stones Its Only Rock n Roll. This version was first released as a B-side, but was soon re-recorded and flipped to A-side status on a subsequent pressing of the record. Joan Jett saw the Arrows perform I Love Rock n Roll on their weekly UK television series Arrows when she was touring England with the Runaways in 1976 and she first recorded the song in 1979 with two of the Sex Pistols, Steve Jones and Paul Cook. This first version was released on vinyl in 1979 on Vertigo records as a B-side to You Dont Own Me, in 1981, Jett re-recorded the song, this time with her band, the Blackhearts. This recording became a U. S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one single for seven weeks, Billboard ranked it at the No.3 song for 1982. Joan Jetts version was ranked No.89 in the list 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of Rolling Stone and has also inducted into the Grammys Hall of Fame in 2016. I Love Rock n Rolls black-and-white music video received play from the just-launched MTV network. In it, Jett and the Blackhearts travel to a small, dingy bar, a snippet of Jetts 1981 hit Bad Reputation is featured at the beginning of the video. The video was originally in color, but it was converted to black, in 1993 Joan Jett & the Blackhearts made another music video for the song as part of the Waynes World 2 soundtrack. In the video appear several scenes from the movie with Mike Myers and Dana Carvey mixed with footage of Jett and it was again released as a single by Warner/Reprise with Activity Grrrl as the B-side. I Love Rock n Roll is the fourth European single released by pop singer Britney Spears from the album Britney on 27 May 2002, the song was used in her 2002 movie Crossroads. Spearss character, Lucy, performs it in a karaoke bar, Spears said of the song, They asked me to sing karaoke in the movie Crossroads and Ive actually sung I Love Rock n Roll in a lot of clubs that Ive been to. Spears has publicly admitted the song to be one of her favorites. Spears listened to the original Arrows Mickie Most-produced version just before she recorded the song, according to Jive A&R representative Steve Lunt, the scratches performed on this song were performed by Corey Chase, at Hit Factory Miami
16.
Bad Reputation (Joan Jett song)
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Bad Reputation is a rock song co-written and recorded by Joan Jett and first released from her 1980 debut album of the same name. In 2009, it was named the 29th best hard rock song of all time by VH1 and it is the highest-ranked song by a woman on the list. The video, directed by David Mallet, is a re-enactment of 23 record labels rejecting Joan Jetts first solo album, kenny Laguna, cofounder of Blackheart Records, appears in a cameo as the Warner Brothers executive. Cover versions are sung by surf band Los Straitjackets and Avril Lavigne, the song was sampled by Peaches on the track I Dont Give A. taken from her 2003 album Fatherfucker. The song was used for a 2011 animated AIDS awareness video produced by the French non-profit organization AIDES, the song is also used as the walkout song for former UFC Womens Bantamweight Champion Ronda Rousey. Juliette Barnes, the emotional chanteuse in the ABC musical drama series, Nashville, sings a version in the October 7,2015. The song was used in the summer 2016 Shakespeare in the Park production of The Taming of the Shrew, Bad Reputation was recorded by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne for a video montage interval in her Best Damn Tour. The studio recording of the cover was included on the deluxe edition of her fourth studio album Goodbye Lullaby. The song was released for the only in Japan on 11 December 2012, as a digital download on the One Piece Film. After heavy radio airplay, the peaked at No.8 on the Japan Hot 100. CD single How You Remind Me –4,05 Bad Reputation –2,42 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
17.
Crimson and Clover
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Crimson and Clover is a 1968 song by American rock band Tommy James and the Shondells. Written by the duo of Tommy James and drummer Peter Lucia Jr. it was intended as a change in direction of the groups sound, Crimson and Clover was released in late 1968 as a rough mix after a radio station leaked it. It spent 16 weeks on the U. S. charts, reaching one in the United States. The single has sold 5 million copies, making it Tommy James and it has been covered by many artists such as Joan Jett and Prince. In 2006, Pitchfork Media named it the 57th best song of the 1960s, following the release of Mony Mony, Tommy James wanted to change direction of the groups sound, and began producing his own material. At the time, James said this was out of necessity and ambition and he departed from the groups principal songwriters Bo Gentry and Ritchie Cordell, and was given complete artistic control by Roulette Records. The title, Crimson and Clover, was decided before a song had been written for it, the combination of unknown meaning came to James as he was waking up, comprising his favorite color – crimson – and his favorite flower – clover. A song to fit the phrase was written by Tommy James and bassist Mike Vale and his following collaboration with drummer Peter Lucia, Jr. was more successful. During the songs production, Roulette Records wanted a new single, Crimson and Clover was recorded in late 1968 in about five hours and is one of the earliest songs recorded on 16-track equipment. Tommy James played most of the instruments, while Mike Vale played bass and Peter Lucia, the song contains a tremolo effect on the guitar, set so that it vibrated in time with the songs rhythm. Near the end of the recording, the band had an idea of utilizing the tremolo effect with vocals, Tommy James made a rough mix of Crimson and Clover to show to Roulette Records executive Morris Levy for evaluation. The band was intending to improve on the mix with ambient sound. A few days later, James stopped at WLS radio station in Chicago – who he had previously had experience with – to get their reaction. After an interview discussing the single, he was convinced to play the rough mix for WLS off-air, unbeknown to James, the station recorded the song, and they shortly played it on-air in November 1968 as a world exclusive. Morris Levy initially pleaded with WLS not to play the record prematurely before its release, Roulette Records produced a specially pressed single and shipped it to listeners who called about the song. Eight hundred copies of the song were sent to WLS for promotional purposes. Levy refused to let James produce the final mix he wanted, Crimson and Clover entered the U. S. charts on December 14, where it stayed for 16 weeks on Billboard Hot 100 and 15 weeks on Cash Box Top 100. Internationally, the reached number one in Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa
18.
Do You Wanna Touch Me
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Do You Wanna Touch Me, also referred to as Do You Wanna Touch Me. is a song performed by Gary Glitter. The song reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart in January 1973, the song represented something of a departure from the trademark of the Glitter sound and it was co-written by Glitter and his record producer Mike Leander. The song was used in The Runaways biopic of the same name. Do You Wanna Touch Me was later covered by rock singer Joan Jett in 1980 on her album Bad Reputation and it reached number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982. Jetts version of the song appears in a 2008 TV commercial for Hewlett-Packards TouchSmart computers, the commercial was withdrawn when the company learned that Glitter, now a convicted child molester, had written the song. On 29 October 2008, it was reported that Glitter would receive £100,000 in royalties from Hewlett Packard for the advertisement, on the TV show Glee, Holly Holliday and the members of the Glee Club cover this song in the episode Sexy. The performance caused controversy in the UK over the resulting royalty payments to Glitter. The charity Kidscape said the inclusion was wholly inappropriate. The UK version of the Album Glee, The Music, Volume 5 does not therefore include the song, the Cure played this song several times during the Head Tour in 1985. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
19.
I Hate Myself for Loving You
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I Hate Myself for Loving You is a 1988 song from Joan Jett and the Blackhearts and the first single from the album Up Your Alley. The song reached No.8 on the Billboard Hot 100, Jetts third single to reach the Top 10, former Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor played the guitar solo in the song. One of the backing vocalists featured on the Up Your Alley album was Louie Merlino, Merlino did backing vocals on countless songs that were written or co-written by Desmond Child. When Las Vegas, Nevada-based band Sin City Sinners has Merlino singing with them, for this song, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts received a nomination at the 31st Grammy Awards for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The single charted number 39 on rock songs in Sep 10,2011. It is featured in the 2008 music video game Guitar Hero and it is featured in the Broadway musical Rock of Ages. It is featured in the film Rounders, the song was reworked for the NBC Sunday Night Football opening theme, with new lyrics for the chorus, as well as lyrics altered weekly, depending on what teams were playing. It was performed by Pink in 2006, Faith Hill from 2007 until 2012, the 2013 version also introduced a change to the bassline. It was replaced by Miranda Lamberts Something Bad starting on 9/11/2016 with the New England Patriots at the Arizona Cardinals in University of Phoenix Stadium, the Peck Band, The Movie, The Real Life The song made an appearance in the When Peck This sounds At Concert. The song is featured in the 2009 film Ghosts of Girlfriends Past, the song has a Cantonese version performed by HK-pop singer Andy Lau
20.
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap (song)
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Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It is the track and first track of their album Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, released in September 1976, and was written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young. It was also released as a single – first in Australia in October 1976 with R. I. P. as its B-side, once the Dirty Deeds album was finally released in the US in 1981 the Dirty Deeds. Single was released there, where it reached number four on the then-new Top Tracks chart, the song ranked No.24 on VH1s 40 Greatest Metal Songs and in 2009 it was named the 31st best hard rock song of all time also by VH1. It features a backing consisting of a heavy breathing sound. It also features the title in a style at the end of the chorus, plus a scream at the end of the song. The full-length recording has the title of the song chanted four times starting at 3,09 and they are also the names of songs that appeared on Australias T. N. T. and the international version of High Voltage. Additionally, the six digits of the number provided by the speaker are the idealized perfect measurements of a woman. The phrase Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap is a homage to the cartoon Beany and Cecil, one of the cartoons characters was named Dishonest John, who carried a business card that read, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap. In the original, unreleased version of the song, the term Dunder Chief was used in place of the lyrics done dirt cheap. Their attorney told the Chicago Tribune that the songs 36-24-36 digits were followed by a hey. which to his clients sounded like an 8, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap has only been included on one official AC/DC live album, 1992s Live, sung by Scotts replacement Brian Johnson. This live version was released as a single, a video clip for the single was released containing footage from the Live at Donington home video, as well as other old clips mixed in the video. This video clip was released on the DVD Family Jewels Disc 3. An earlier version with Bon Scott, recorded live in Sydney at the Festival of Sydney on 30 January 1977, was released on an Australian only radio 2JJ compilation album titled Long Live The Evolution and this live version was later released on Backtracks. In 2007 on the Plug Me In three track bonus CD from Best Buy, a version from Detroit, Michigan,17 or 18 November 1983 was released. A parody of song was recorded by Bob Rivers called Dirty Deeds Done With Sheep. Hayseed Dixie recorded a cover for their albums A Hillbilly Tribute to AC/DC. This version replaces Bon Scotts scream with singer John Wheelers loud belch at the end, kerri-anne Kennerley covered the song on the album Andrew Dentons Musical Challenge released in 2001
21.
Mezzo-soprano
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A mezzo-soprano or mezzo is a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types. The mezzo-sopranos vocal range extends from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above. In the lower and upper extremes, some mezzo-sopranos may extend down to the F below middle C, the mezzo-soprano voice type is generally divided into the coloratura, lyric, and dramatic mezzo-soprano. Mezzo-sopranos are well represented in music, early music. Some roles designated for lighter soubrette sopranos are sung by mezzo-sopranos, such roles include Despina in Mozarts Così fan tutte and Zerlina in his Don Giovanni. Mezzos sometimes play dramatic soprano roles such as Santuzza in Mascagnis Cavalleria rusticana, Lady Macbeth in Verdis Macbeth, the vocal range of the mezzo-sopranos lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types. Mezzo-sopranos generally have a heavier, darker tone than sopranos, the mezzo-soprano voice resonates in a higher range than that of a contralto. The terms Dugazon and Galli-Marié are sometimes used to refer to light mezzo-sopranos, usually men singing within the female range are called countertenors since there is a lighter more breathy tonal quality difference. Within the mezzo-soprano voice type category are three generally recognized subcategories, coloratura mezzo-soprano, lyric mezzo-soprano, and dramatic mezzo-soprano, a coloratura mezzo-soprano has a warm lower register and an agile high register. The roles they sing often demand not only the use of the register but also leaps into the upper tessitura with highly ornamented. They have a range from approximately the G below middle C to the B two octaves above middle C, some coloratura mezzo-sopranos can sing up to high C or high D, but this is very rare. What distinguishes these voices from being called sopranos is their extension into the register and warmer vocal quality. Although coloratura mezzo-sopranos have impressive and at times thrilling high notes, they are most comfortable singing in the middle of their range, many of the hero roles in the operas of Handel and Monteverdi, originally sung by male castrati, can be successfully sung today by coloratura mezzo-sopranos. Rossini demanded similar qualities for his heroines, and Vivaldi wrote roles frequently for this voice as well. Coloratura mezzo-sopranos also often sing lyric-mezzo-soprano roles or soubrette roles, coloratura mezzo-soprano roles in operas, The lyric mezzo-soprano has a range from approximately the G below middle C to the A two octaves above middle C. This voice has a smooth, sensitive and at times lachrymose quality. Lyric mezzo-sopranos do not have the agility of the coloratura mezzo-soprano or the size of the dramatic mezzo-soprano. The lyric mezzo-soprano is ideal for most trouser roles and this voice has less vocal facility than the coloratura mezzo-soprano
22.
Feminism
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Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal, to define and advance political, economic, personal, and social rights for women. This includes seeking to establish opportunities for women in education. Feminists have also worked to promote autonomy and integrity, and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment. Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints, some forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, and educated perspectives. This criticism led to the creation of specific or multicultural forms of feminism, including black feminism. Charles Fourier, a Utopian Socialist and French philosopher, is credited with having coined the word féminisme in 1837, depending on the historical moment, culture and country, feminists around the world have had different causes and goals. Most western feminist historians assert that all working to obtain womens rights should be considered feminist movements. Other historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist movement and those historians use the label protofeminist to describe earlier movements. The history of the modern western feminist movements is divided into three waves, each wave dealt with different aspects of the same feminist issues. The first wave comprised womens suffrage movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the second wave was associated with the ideas and actions of the womens liberation movement beginning in the 1960s. The second wave campaigned for legal and social equality for women, the third wave is a continuation of, and a reaction to, the perceived failures of second-wave feminism, beginning in the 1990s. First-wave feminism was a period of activity during the 19th century, in the UK and US, it focused on the promotion of equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. This was followed by Australia granting female suffrage in 1902, in 1928 this was extended to all women over 21. In the U. S. notable leaders of this movement included Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, anthony, who each campaigned for the abolition of slavery prior to championing womens right to vote. These women were influenced by the Quaker theology of spiritual equality, in the United States, first-wave feminism is considered to have ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote in all states. During the late Qing period and reform movements such as the Hundred Days Reform, Chinese feminists called for womens liberation from traditional roles, later, the Chinese Communist Party created projects aimed at integrating women into the workforce, and claimed that the revolution had successfully achieved womens liberation. According to Nawar al-Hassan Golley, Arab feminism was closely connected with Arab nationalism, in 1899, Qasim Amin, considered the father of Arab feminism, wrote The Liberation of Women, which argued for legal and social reforms for women. He drew links between womens position in Egyptian society and nationalism, leading to the development of Cairo University, in 1923 Hoda Shaarawi founded the Egyptian Feminist Union, became its president and a symbol of the Arab womens rights movement
23.
Honorific nicknames in popular music
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These patterns of naming were transferred to rock and roll when it emerged in the 1950s. There was a series of attempts to find the King of Rock n Roll and this has been seen as part of a process of the appropriation of credit for innovation of the then new music by a white establishment. Similar honorific nicknames have been given in other genres, including Aretha Franklin, madonna and Michael Jackson have been closely associated with the terms Queen and King of Pop since the 1980s. They have been strongly promulgated and contested by various artists and occasionally disowned or played down by their subjects, some notable honorific nicknames are in general usage and commonly identified with particular individuals. Jazz royalty Sobriquet Teen idol A denotes template, i. e. for sources where a reference is alluded to, or given in part and their factuality, thus, may or may not be in question. B denotes template, i. e. for source that needs to be translated. C denotes template, i. e. for source very possibly being unreliable D denotes template, i. e. for source that have been checked, E denotes template, i. e. clarification of wording or interpretation is needed. F denotes template, i. e. source cannot be verified, G denotes template The discussed artists themselves and/or only one cited person
24.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland
25.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
26.
Rockville, Maryland
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Rockville is a city located in the central region of Montgomery County, Maryland. It is the county seat and is an incorporated city of Montgomery County. The 2010 census tabulated Rockvilles population at 61,209, making it the third largest incorporated city in Maryland, behind Baltimore, Rockville is the largest incorporated city in Montgomery County, Maryland, although the nearby census-designated place of Germantown is more populous. The city also has several upscale regional shopping centers and is one of the major hubs in Montgomery County. Situated in the Piedmont region and crossed by three creeks, Rockville provided an excellent refuge for semi-nomadic Native Americans as early as 8000 BC. By the first millennium BC, a few of these groups had settled down into year-round agricultural communities that exploited the native flora, including sunflowers and marsh elder. By AD1200, these groups were increasingly drawn into conflict with the Senecas and Susquehannocks who had migrated south from Pennsylvania. Within the present-day boundaries of the city, six sites have been uncovered and documented. By the year 1700, under pressure from European colonists, the majority of original inhabitants had been driven away. The indigenous population carved a path on the ground, known as Sinequa Trail. Later, the Maryland Assembly set the standard of 20 feet for main thoroughfares, in the mid-18th century, Lawrence Owen opened a small inn on the road. The location of the road, near the present Rockville Pike, was located on higher ground making it dry year-round. The first land patents in the Rockville area were obtained by Arthur Nelson between 1717 and 1735, within three decades, the first permanent buildings in what would become the center of Rockville were established on this land. Being a small, unincorporated town, early Rockville was known by a variety of names, including Owens Ordinary, Hungerfords Tavern, the first recorded mention of the settlement which would later become known as Rockville dates to the Braddock Expedition in 1755. Owens Ordinary was a small rest stop on Rock Creek Main Road, which stretched from George Town to Frederick Town, the southern portion of the county, of which Rockville was a part, was named Montgomery County. The most populous and prosperous urban center in this new county was George Town, Rockville, a small, but centrally located and well-traveled town, was chosen as the seat of the countys government. At the time, Rockville did not have a name, it was generally called Hungerfords Tavern, after being named the county seat, the village was referred to by all as Montgomery Court House. The tavern served as the county courthouse, and it held its first such proceedings on May 20,1777, in 1784, William Prather Williams, a local landowner, hired a surveyor to lay out much of the town
27.
Middle school
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A middle school is an educational stage, which exists in some countries, and takes place between primary school and high school. The concept, regulation and classification of schools, as well as the ages covered. In Afghanistan, middle school consists of grades 6,7 and 8, besides there is a change in the scenario. In Albania, middle school is included in the education which lasts 9 years. In Algeria, a middle school includes grades 6 through 10, most regions of Australia do not have middle schools, as students go directly from primary school to secondary school. The first middle school established in Australia was The Armidale School, Schools have since followed this trend, such as The Kings School. The Northern Territory has introduced a three tier system featuring Middle Schools for years 7–9 and high school year 10–12, many schools across Queensland have introduced a Middle School tier within their schools. The middle schools cover the grades/years 5 to 8, in Brazil, middle school is a mandatory stage that precedes High School called Ensino Fundamental II consisting of grades 6 to 9, ages 11 to 14. In Canada, the middle school and junior high school are both used, depending on which grades the school caters to. Another common model is grades 5–8, alberta, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island junior high schools include only grades 7–9, with the first year of high school traditionally being grade 10. In some places students go from school to secondary school. Quebec uses a system that is different from those of the other provinces. The Secondary level has five grades, starting after Elementary Grade 6 and these are called Secondary I to Secondary V. In the Peoples Republic of China, middle school has two stages, junior stage and senior stage, some middle schools have both stages while some have either of them. Other students may avoid the exam, based on their talents, like athletics. In the Czech Republic after completing the elementary school a student may apply for high school. Students have the opportunity to enroll in school from Grade 5 or Grade 7 of elementary school. Thus they can spend five years in school, followed by eight in high school
28.
West Covina, California
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West Covina is a city in Los Angeles County, California, located 19 miles east of Downtown Los Angeles in the eastern San Gabriel Valley and is part of Greater Los Angeles. The population for the city was 106,098 at the 2010 census, West Covina was incorporated as an independent city in 1923 to prevent the city of Covina from building a sewage farm in the area. Walnut groves and orange groves continued to flourish during the subsequent decades, the population in 1930 was 769 and blossomed to 1,549 in 1940. The decades between 1960 and 2000 demonstrated steady growth, which slowed significantly by the time of the 2010 census, the City of West Covina began the second half of the 20th century with new developments and projects, mostly brought on by big business. The City Hall and police facility were built in 1969 as the first phase of an example of a Joint Powers Authority in the County of Los Angeles. The Civic Center Joint Powers Authority, consisting of the County of Los Angeles, the Civic Center complex includes the Los Angeles County Regional Library and the Citrus Municipal Court building and the city offices. The first Redevelopment Agency project included a shopping center, the West Covina Fashion Plaza. It also included the revitalization of the sections of the shopping center. The Fashion Plaza has provided the citizens of the San Gabriel Valley with convenient access to all shopping needs, in 1991 the mall was renovated adding a food court and additional shops, as well as the redecorating of the entire mall. The mall was renamed The Plaza at West Covina, the Plaza opened a new 100,000 sq ft. wing in October 1993 featuring 50 new stores including a new Robinsons-May and interior renovation throughout The Plaza. The 2010 United States Census reported that West Covina had a population of 106,098, the population density was 6,594.3 people per square mile. The racial makeup of West Covina was 42. 8% White,4. 5% African American,1. 0% Native American,25. 8% Asian,0. 2% Pacific Islander,21. 3% from other races, and 4. 4% from two or more races. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin were 53. 2%, the Census reported that 105,424 people lived in households,351 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 323 were institutionalized. There were 1,664 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 202 same-sex married couples or partnerships,4,795 households were made up of individuals and 2,164 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34, there were 25,360 families, the average family size was 3.68. The median age was 36.0 years, for every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males. There were 32,705 housing units at a density of 2,032.7 per square mile, of which 20,703 were owner-occupied
29.
Los Angeles County, California
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Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
30.
Glam rock
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Glam artists drew on diverse sources ranging from bubblegum pop and 50s rock and roll to cabaret theatrics, science fiction, and complex art rock. The flamboyant clothing and visual styles of performers were often camp or androgynous, the UK charts were inundated with glam rock acts from 1971 to 1975, with glam also manifesting in all areas of British popular culture during this period. British glam rock artists include Marc Bolan and T. Rex, David Bowie, Sweet, Slade, Mud, Roxy Music, in the US the scene was much less prevalent, with Alice Cooper and Lou Reed the only American artists to score a hit. Other US glam artists include New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and it declined after the mid-1970s, but influenced other musical genres including punk rock, glam metal, New Romanticism, and gothic rock and has sporadically revived since the 1990s. Glam rock can be seen as a fashion as well as musical subgenre, Glam artists rejected the revolutionary principles of the late 1960s rock scene, instead glorifying decadence, superficiality, and the simple structures of earlier pop music. Musically it was diverse, varying between the simple rock and roll revivalism of figures like Alvin Stardust to the complex art rock of Roxy Music. Glam is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and representations of androgyny and it was prefigured by the showmanship and gender identity manipulation of American acts such as the Cockettes and Alice Cooper, the latter of which combined glam with shock rock. Glam rock emerged from the English psychedelic and art scenes of the late 1960s. Its origins are associated with Marc Bolan, who had renamed his folk duo T, Rex and taken up electric instruments by the end of the 1960s. Often cited as the moment of inception is his appearance on the UK TV programme Top of the Pops in March 1971 wearing glitter and satins, to perform what would be his second UK Top 10 hit, Hot Love. In 1973, a few months after the release of the album Tanx, from late 1971, already a minor star, David Bowie developed his Ziggy Stardust persona, incorporating elements of professional makeup, mime and performance into his act. These performers were soon followed in the style by acts including Roxy Music, Sweet, Slade, Mott the Hoople, Mud, Glam was not only a highly successful trend in UK popular music, it became dominant in all other aspects of British popular culture during the 1970s. In the UK, the glitter rock was most often used to refer to the extreme version of glam pursued by Gary Glitter. The Glitter Band and Gary Glitter had between them eighteen top ten singles in the UK between 1972 and 1976, a second wave of glam rock acts, including Suzi Quatro, Roy Woods Wizzard and Sparks, dominated the British single charts from about 1974 to 1976. Quatro directly inspired the pioneering Los Angeles based all-girl group the Runaways. Existing acts, some not usually considered central to the genre, also adopted glam styles, including Rod Stewart, Elton John, Queen and, for a time, in Japan in the 1980s, visual kei was strongly influenced by glam rock aesthetics. Glam has since enjoyed continued influence and sporadic modest revivals in R&B crossover act Prince, and bands such as Marilyn Manson, Suede, Placebo, Chainsaw Kittens, Spacehog, movies that reflect glam rock aesthetics include, T. D. An Eyewitness Account Omnibus Press,2005 ISBN 1-84609-149-7 A Biased History of UK Glam Rock
31.
Sandy West
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Sandy West was an American musician, singer, songwriter and drummer. She was one of the members of the Runaways, the first teenage all-girl hard rock band to record. Sandy was born in Long Beach, California, when she was 9 years old, her grandfather bought her a drum kit, and being an avid fan of rock and roll acts of the 1960s and 1970s, she began practicing rock music immediately and regularly. In 4th, 5th, and 6th grade, she was the drummer in the Prisk Elementary School orchestra and she proved to have a natural talent and quickly became a proficient drummer. By the age of 13, she was the girl in local bands who played at teenage parties. At 15, she met Joan Jett and producer Kim Fowley, driven by her ambition to play professionally, she sought out fellow musicians and other industry contacts in southern California with the idea of forming an all-woman rock band. In 1975, she met producer Kim Fowley, who gave her the number of another young musician in the area. When Joan and Sandy met shortly thereafter there was a synergy between them, and the inception of the eventual Runaways arguably took place that day. The women subsequently played for Fowley, who agreed to help find other female musicians to round out the band, most notably Lita Ford. After four years of recording and touring the world, the Runaways disbanded in 1979, as is often the case in the recording industry, the musicians, including West, were not left with much of the revenue produced during the bands tenure. West made varied attempts to continue her career as a musician, playing with other acts in southern California, releasing a solo ep, The Beat is Back. None of these ventures produced significant income, so West was forced to spend most of her post-Runaways years working outside music, West later claimed that ex-Runaways manager/producer Kim Fowley had not paid the members of the band what they were entitled to. I owe him my introduction to the business but hes also the reason Im broke now. She worked mostly in construction, and spent an amount of time as a bartender. In other parts of the Edgeplay interviews, she alludes to the fact that she engaged in activity in order to make ends meet. Perhaps as a result of activity, West spent time in jail on multiple occasions following her career in the Runaways. In 2005, West, a smoker, was diagnosed with lung cancer which later spread to her brain. Former Runaways bandmate Joan Jett said in a statement, We shared the dream of playing rock
32.
Jackie Fox
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Jacqueline Louise Fuchs is an American musician and attorney. Under her former name of Jackie Fox, she played bass guitar for the pioneering all-girl teenage rock band the Runaways. She is the sister of screenwriter Carol Fuchs and sister-in-law of Castle Rock Entertainment co-founder Martin Shafer. A merit scholar, Fox was set for an entry to University of California, Los Angeles. Fox was discovered dancing at the Starwood by Rodney Bingenheimer, the mayor of the Sunset Strip. She had initially auditioned for the guitar position but the band hired Lita Ford instead. Some time later, she was called back and offered the bassist position in the band, Fox joined the Runaways in 1975, shortly before her sixteenth birthday. Fox played on the Runaways second studio album Queens of Noise but was not permitted to play on the bands 1976 debut album, foxs final appearance with the Runaways was on their 1977 Live in Japan album. It was during the Japanese Tour on which that album was recorded that Fox decided to leave the band. A, band Quiet Riot, who encouraged her to come home. Victory Tischler-Blue was quickly hired as her replacement, though she had quit the band three years earlier, Fox appears on Flaming Schoolgirls, an outtakes compilation featuring songs recorded during the Queens of Noise recording sessions in 1976. She would later appear on the albums, Neon Angels. Jackie played bass at The Runaways reunion in 1994 with Currie, curries sister Marie also performed with the band that night. Fox refused to give permission for her name to be used in the 2010 Hollywood feature film The Runaways, instead, the producers created a fictional character named Robin as the bands bassist in the film. In a live rendition of the song Suicide Machine by punk band the Germs, Darby Crash is heard saying he is looking for Jackie. Fuchs received her B. A. summa cum laude, from UCLA in Linguistics and Italian, with a specialization in computing, and her J. D. from Harvard, Fox speaks Italian and French, as well as conversational Greek and Spanish. She has written a script called Delilahs Scissors with Victory Tischler-Blue and appeared in Edgeplay, A Film About the Runaways, Fuchs has also written for the Huffington Post blog. She appeared as a contestant on The Dating Game circa 1980, in 2013, she appeared as a contestant in the fourth episode of The Chase, and on September 6,2013, she was a contestant on the syndicated version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. Now hosted by Cedric the Entertainer and she had banked up to $16,100, but ended up with only $1,000 after missing a question
33.
Lita Ford
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She is best known for the role of herself in Yakety Yak, Take it Back, and Trash Talk. Lita Ford was born to an English father and an Italian mother in London, when she was about in second grade, she moved with her family to the United States, eventually settling in the Long Beach, Los Angeles area. Inspired by Ritchie Blackmores work with Deep Purple, she playing the guitar at the age of 11. In 1975, at age 16, Ford was recruited by recording impresario Kim Fowley to join the rock band he was assembling called The Runaways. The band soon secured a contract and released their first album in 1976. The bands jailbait on the run gimmick garnered significant media attention, Fords lead-guitar playing became an integral element of the bands sound until their eventual break-up in April 1979. In 1977, internal conflicts were erupting within The Runaways, who had by that time already parted ways with producer Fowley, lead singer Cherie Currie, with neither faction willing to compromise, the band finally broke up in April 1979. Following the breakup of The Runaways, Ford set about launching a solo career and her debut solo album, entitled Out for Blood, was released in 1983 and was a commercial disappointment. Her next release, Dancin on the Edge achieved moderate success, Dancin on the Edge included the single Fire in My Heart, which reached the Top 10 in several countries outside the United States. The follow-up single, Gotta Let Go, performed better, reaching number one on the Mainstream Rock charts, Lita said in an interview that she recorded an unreleased album with RCA Records, and Tony Iommi didnt perform on it. Ford signed with RCA Records, hired Sharon Osbourne Management, in 1988, she released her most commercially successful album, the self-produced Lita. The album featured singles including Kiss Me Deadly, Back to the Cave, Close My Eyes Forever, and Falling In and Out of Love. The ballad Close My Eyes Forever, a duet with Ozzy Osbourne, Ford followed up the success of Lita with the album Stiletto. Stiletto featured the singles Hungry and Lisa, however, the album failed to match the success of her previous release. Fords next release was Dangerous Curves, which featured her last charting single to date, Fords final album prior to a lengthy recording hiatus was Black on the German ZYX Records. By the mid-1990s, Ford placed a priority on her music career as she turned her attention towards raising her two young sons. Following the release of Black in 1995, Ford did not release new material until the Wicked Wonderland album almost fifteen years later. In June 2008, Ford reemerged with a new band with Stet Howland on drums, after a long recording hiatus, Ford released the new album Wicked Wonderland on October 6,2009, on the JLRG Entertainment label
34.
Cherie Currie
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Cherie Ann Currie is an American musician, actress and artist. Currie was the lead vocalist of the Runaways, a band from Los Angeles. After the Runaways, she became a solo artist, then she teamed up with her identical twin sister, Marie Currie, and released an album with her. They released a duet Since You Been Gone which charted number 95 on US charts and their band was called Cherie and Marie Currie. She is also known for her role in the movie Foxes. Currie was born to Don Currie and actress Marie Harmon and she was raised in Encino with three siblings. Her brother is Don Currie Jr and she has an elder sister, actress Sondra Currie, and an identical twin sister, Marie Currie. Currie was the lead vocalist for the all-female rock band the Runaways with bandmates Joan Jett, Lita Ford, Sandy West, Jackie Fox. Bomp. magazine described her as the lost daughter of Iggy Pop, Currie joined the Runaways in 1975, at age 15. The teen rock anthem Cherry Bomb was written for her at the audition, after three albums with the Runaways, Currie went on to be a solo artist. She signed a contract with Mercury saying she would record four records and she recorded it solo and the result was Beautys Only Skin Deep for Polygram Records. Marie Currie did a duet with Cherie on her solo record Love at First Sight, Cherie and Marie went on a US tour in 1977, and when Marie would join Cherie on stage to sing the encores the audience would go wild. Then they went on a Japan tour in 1978, while in Japan, the twins performed on many TV shows. So Cherie ran with the idea of two blonds are better than one, and changed the name from Cherie Currie to Cherie and Marie Currie. With Marie Currie, she recorded Messin with the Boys for Capitol Records and Young, Messin with the Boys was released in 1980. Messin with the Boys received more play than Beautys Only Skin Deep and. Both the single This Time and the album Messin with the Boys made the top 200 on U. S. charts, Cherie and Marie performed on many television shows to support the album, including the Sha Na Na show, and The Mike Douglas Show. Along with the recordings with Marie, Cherie and Marie sang, wrote
35.
Live in Japan (The Runaways album)
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Live in Japan is a 1977 live album from The Runaways. The album was released only in Japan, and some other regions including, Canada, Australia. It was not intended for release in the USA or UK, the initial French editions also had a gate-fold cover and included the photos, but not the lyrics. The Canadian version didnt have the cover, and didnt include either the photos or the lyric inserts. The album was never released in the United States, a 2004 Compact Disc version was issued by Cherry Red UK, after Phonogram dropped the album from its catalogues. Japan, RJ-7249 Canada, SRM-1-3740 France,9100046 Cherry Red UK,241 --
36.
Cheap Trick
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Cheap Trick is an American rock band from Rockford, Illinois, formed in 1973. As of 2016, the band consists of Robin Zander, Rick Nielsen, Tom Petersson and Daxx Nielsen. Their biggest hits include Surrender, I Want You to Want Me, Dream Police. They have often referred to in the Japanese press as the American Beatles. In October 2007, the Illinois Senate passed a resolution designating April 1 as Cheap Trick Day in the state, the band was also ranked No.25 in VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. In April 2016, the band was inducted into the Rock, in 1961, Rick Nielsen began playing locally in Rockford, Illinois using an ever-increasing collection of rare and valuable guitars. He formed several bands with names like The Boyz and The Grim Reapers. Brad Carlson, later known as Bun E. Carlos, played in a rival Rockford band, finally, Nielsen formed Fuse in 1967 with Tom Peterson, later known as Tom Petersson, who had played in yet another local band called The Bo Weevils. Fuse released an album for Epic Records in 1970, which was generally ignored. With Bun E. Carlos joining on drums, Fuse moved to Philadelphia in 1971 and they began calling themselves Sick Man of Europe in 1972–1973. After a European tour in 1973, Nielsen and Petersson returned to Rockford, randy Xeno Hogan was the original lead singer for Cheap Trick. He left the band shortly after its formation and was replaced by Robin Zander, the name was inspired by the bands attendance of a Slade concert, where Petersson commented that the band used every cheap trick in the book as part of their act. The band recorded, a demo, Hot Tomato, around mid 1974, parts of which would form Ill Be with You Tonight, which was first called Tonight, Tonight. With Robin Zander now on vocals, the recorded their first official demo in 1975 and played in warehouses, bowling alleys. The band was signed to Epic Records in early 1976 by A&R man Tom Werman, at the insistence of producer Jack Douglas who had seen the band perform in Wisconsin. The songs they had written and performed, such as I Want You To Want Me which was first performed on April 17,1975, in Milwaukee, the later-hit song was played that summer, and frequently throughout the spring and summer of 1976 throughout the aforementioned Midwest locations. The band released their first album, Cheap Trick, in early 1977, while favored by critics, the album was not successful in terms of sales. The albums lone single Oh Candy failed to chart as did the album, however, the band began to develop a fan base in Japan and ELO Kiddies was a hit single in Europe. However, the band bemoaned In Colors production and would re-record it many years later, moreover, the album was largely unsuccessful
37.
Ramones
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The Ramones were an American punk rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first band to define the punk-rock sound, despite achieving only limited commercial success, the band was a major influence on the 1970s punk movement in both the United States and United Kingdom. All of the members adopted pseudonyms ending with the surname Ramone. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually nonstop for 22 years, in 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played a farewell concert and disbanded. By 2014, all four of the original members, lead singer Joey Ramone, bass guitarist Dee Dee Ramone, lead guitarist Johnny Ramone. In 2002, the Ramones were ranked the second-greatest band of all time by Spin magazine, on March 18,2002, the original four members and Tommys replacement on drums, Marky Ramone, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2011, the group was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, the original members of the band met in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens. John Cummings and Thomas Erdelyi had both been in a garage band from 1965 to 1967 known as the Tangerine Puppets. They became friends with Douglas Colvin, who had moved to the area from Germany, and Jeffrey Hyman. The Ramones began taking shape in early 1974 when Cummings and Colvin invited Hyman to join them in a band, the initial line-up featured Colvin on lead vocals, rhythm and bass guitars, Cummings on lead guitar, and Hyman on drums. Hyman soon switched from drums to vocals, Colvin was the first to adopt the name Ramone, calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by Paul McCartneys use of the pseudonym Paul Ramon during his Silver Beetles days, Dee Dee convinced the other members to take on the name and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones. Hyman and Cummings became Joey and Johnny Ramone, respectively, a friend of the band, Monte A. Melnick, helped to arrange rehearsal time for them at Manhattans Performance Studios, where he worked. Johnnys former bandmate Erdelyi was set to become their manager, soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play his bass guitar simultaneously, with Erdelyis encouragement, Joey became the bands new lead singer. Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each songs tempo with his signature shout of 1-2-3-4. Joey soon similarly realized that he could not sing and play drums simultaneously, while auditioning prospective replacements, Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to perform the music better than anyone else. The Ramones played before an audience for the first time on March 30,1974, the songs they played were very fast and very short, most clocked in at under two minutes
38.
Van Halen
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Jan Van Halen, born Jan van Halen, was a Dutch musician and the patriarch of the Van Halen family. He was the father of Eddie Van Halen and Alex Van Halen, Van Halen was born on January 18,1920, to Jannetje Berg and Hermanus van Halen, a butcher in Amsterdam. He had already made a career in music when in 1939, at the age of 19 and he joined the Royal Dutch Air Force and played marches for the troops until the country was occupied in 1940, forcing him to play propaganda music for the Third Reich. After the war ended in 1945, Van Halen emigrated to the Dutch East Indies, where he pursued his career and met his future wife. They married on August 11,1950 in Jakarta, Alex was born two months later in Amsterdam. The Van Halen family moved to Nijmegen, where Eddie was born in January 1955, in 1960, Jan played his biggest gig with the Ton Wijkamp Quintet, playing the Loosdrecht Jazz Festival. However, after hearing stories from her side of the family and they left in February 1962 by boat and moved across the continent by train to Pasadena, California. To complete their transition, they Americanized their surname from van Halen to Van Halen, in May 1986, Jan suffered a heart attack. He died due to the effects of alcoholism on December 9,1986 and his sons dedicated their 1988 album OU812 to their father, quoting This ones for you, pa. On August 4,2005, his wife Eugenia Van Halen passed away at the age of 89
39.
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
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Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers are an American rock band from Gainesville, Florida. In 1976, the original lineup was Tom Petty as the lead singer and guitar player, Mike Campbell as the lead guitarist, Ron Blair on bass, Stan Lynch on drums. The band has maintained this lineup, with a few exceptions. In 1981, Blair, who was tired of the touring lifestyle, blairs replacement, Howie Epstein, stayed with the band for the next twenty years. Scott Thurston joined the band as a multi-instrumentalist, mostly rhythm guitar and second keyboards, Blair returned to the Heartbreakers in 2002, the year before Epsteins death. In 1994, Steve Ferrone replaced Lynch, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers were on the forefront of the heartland rock movement, alongside artists such as Bruce Springsteen and Bob Seger, which arose in the late 1970s and 1980s. Petty and the Heartbreakers are known for hit singles such as American Girl, Breakdown, The Waiting, Learning to Fly, Refugee, while the heartland rock movement fizzled in the 1990s, the band remained active and popular. They still tour regularly and continue to record albums and their most recent, Hypnotic Eye, was released on July 25,2014. Although most of their material is produced and performed under the name The Heartbreakers, in these releases, members of the band contributed as collaborators, producing and performing as studio musicians. Pettys early bands included the Sundowners, the Epics, and Mudcrutch, in 1974, Mudcrutch signed with Shelter Records and re-located to Los Angeles, California. The band released one single, Depot Street, in 1975, which failed to chart, in December 1975 Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers formed. The Heartbreakers began their career with a self-titled album, released through the aforementioned Shelter label. Initially, the Heartbreakers did not gain traction in America. Early singles included Breakdown and American Girl, Breakdown was re-released in the USA and became a Top 40 hit in 1978, after word filtered back to the States that the band was creating a firestorm in the UK. Their 1978 second album, Youre Gonna Get It, marked the bands first gold album, and featured the singles I Need to Know and Listen To Her Heart. In 1979, the band was dragged into a dispute when ABC Records. Petty refused to be transferred to another record label and he held fast to his principles, which led to his filing for bankruptcy as a tactic against MCA. In 1979, after their dispute was settled, the Heartbreakers released their third album Damn the Torpedoes through MCAs Backstreet label
