1.
Thomasville, Georgia
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Thomasville is the county seat of Thomas County, Georgia, United States. The city is the second largest in Southwest Georgia after Albany, the city deems itself the City of Roses and holds an annual Rose Festival. The city features plantations open to the public, a downtown, a large farmers market. The population was 19,340 at the 2013 census, in 2016, Thomasville was featured as the second best historic small town on USA Todays 10 Best List Readers Choice after Bisbee but ahead of Abingdon, Mackinac Island, and Astoria. Thomasville was founded in 1825 as seat of the newly formed Thomas County and it was incorporated as a town in 1831 and as a city in 1889. The community was named for Jett Thomas, a general in the War of 1812, Thomasville plants and maintains more than 1,000 roses located throughout the city, as do a number of residents who have their own rose gardens. During the last week of April, rose growers from all over the world display their prize roses for a panel of judges. The Thomasville Rose Garden at Cherokee Lake Park is the largest of 85 rose beds maintained by the city, daily tours and research hours are available at each institution. Thomasville is located at 30°50′11″N 83°58′42″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.9 square miles, of which 14.9 square miles is land and 0.1 square miles is water. It is the second largest city in Southwest Georgia after Albany, the city has three U. S. Routes,19,84 and 319. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers, according to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Thomasville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 18,162 people,7,021 households, the population density was 1,221.4 people per square mile. There were 7,788 housing units at a density of 523.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 55. 39% African American,42. 83% White,0. 23% Native American,0. 53% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 24% from other races, and 0. 78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 28% of the population,29. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the family size was 3.06. In the city, the population was out with 26. 9% under the age of 18,8. 7% from 18 to 24,26. 8% from 25 to 44,21. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 83.3 males
Thomasville, Georgia
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Thomas County Courthouse
2.
Louisiana State University
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Louisiana State University is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, LSU is the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System. In 2015, the university enrolled over 26,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools, several of LSUs graduate schools, such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, have received recognition in their respective fields of study. LSUs athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports, and is a member of the NCAA, the university is represented by its mascot, Mike the Tiger. Louisiana State University Agricultural & Mechanical College had its origin in land grants made by the United States government in 1806,1811. It was founded as an academy and is still today steeped in military tradition. In 1853, the Louisiana General Assembly established the Seminary of Learning of the State of Louisiana near Pineville in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana. Modeled initially after Virginia Military Institute, the institution opened with five professors and nineteen cadets on January 2,1860, the original location of the Old LSU Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On January 26,1861, after only a year at the helm, the school closed on June 30,1861, with the start of the American Civil War. During the course of the war, the university reopened briefly in April 1863, the losses sustained by the institution during the Union occupation were heavy, and after 1863 the seminary remained closed for the remainder of the Civil War. Following the surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox Court House on April 9,1865 and these cannons had been captured from Confederate forces after the close of the war and had been used during the initial firing upon Fort Sumter in April 1861. The cannons are still displayed in front of LSUs Military Science/Aerospace Studies Building, the seminary officially reopened its doors on October 2,1865, only to be burned October 15,1869. On November 1,1869, the institution resumed its exercises in Baton Rouge, in 1870, the name of the institution was officially changed to Louisiana State University. It temporarily opened in New Orleans, June 1,1874 and this prompted the final name change for the university to the Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. On June 7,1925, Oscar B, turner, a professor of agronomy, was murdered by an axe-wielding assailant on campus. On April 30,1926, the present LSU campus was formally dedicated, prior to this, LSU utilized the quarters of the Institute for the Deaf, Mute, and Blind. Land for the present campus was purchased in 1918, construction started in 1922, the campus was originally designed for 3000 students, but was cut back due to budget problems
Louisiana State University
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Louisiana State University
Memorial Tower
Louisiana State University
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Seal of Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
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Downtown Baton Rouge Campus (1886-1925) Historical Marker
Louisiana State University
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A panorama of the LSU campus in 1909
3.
Paul Newman
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Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor. Newmans other films include The Hustler, Cool Hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as Butch Cassidy, The Sting, and The Verdict. Despite being colorblind, Newman won several championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing. He was a co-founder of Newmans Own, a company from which he donated all post-tax profits. As of 2016, these donations have totaled over US$460 million and he was also a co-founder of Safe Water Network, a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need. In 1988, Newman founded the SeriousFun Childrens Network, a family of summer camps. Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Theresa and Arthur Sigmund Newman. Newmans father was Jewish, and was the son of Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, immigrants from Hungary, Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, saying its more of a challenge. Newmans mother worked in his fathers store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur. Newman showed an early interest in the theater, his first role was at the age of seven, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. At age 10, Newman performed at the Cleveland Play House in a production of Saint George and the Dragon, graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater, initially, he enrolled in the Navy V-12 pilot training program at Yale University, but was dropped when his colorblindness was discovered. Boot camp followed, with training as a radioman and rear gunner, qualifying in torpedo bombers in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barbers Point, Hawaii. He later flew as a gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, his unit was assigned to the USS Bunker Hill along with other replacements shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, the pilot of his aircraft had an ear infection which kept their plane grounded. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill, days later, a kamikaze attack on the vessel killed a number of service members, including the other members of his unit. After the war, Newman completed his Bachelor of Arts in drama and economics at Kenyon College in Gambier, shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois. He toured with them for three months and developed his talents as a part of Woodstock Players and he later attended the Yale School of Drama for one year, before moving to New York City to study under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio
Paul Newman
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Newman in The Prize (1963)
Paul Newman
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Paul Newman at the
1987 Cannes Film Festival
Paul Newman
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Newman in 2007
Paul Newman
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Newman at a political rally for
Eugene McCarthy in 1968
4.
Nell Newman
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Elinor Teresa Newman is a former child actress who performed under the name of Nell Potts. Born in New York City, she is the eldest child of actress Joanne Woodward and the actor, businessman. She has two sisters from that marriage and three half-siblings from her fathers first marriage, one of whom, Scott, died at age 28 of a drug overdose and she is a graduate of The Putney School in Putney, Vermont. She attended the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine and she worked professionally as an actress during the 1960s and 1970s. Under the direction of her father, she played the character as a child in Rachel, Rachel, in which her mother, Joanne Woodward. In the next decade she starred in the film The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, which featured her mother as a central character and it is a food production and condiment manufacturing company, specializing in organic products, that has become a national brand. Royalties paid by Newmans Own Organics for use of the Newman name support the activities of Newmans Own Foundation. Her work in food was inspired by her childhood at their home in rural Connecticut. She developed a friendship with Alice Waters, owner of the restaurant, drawing upon that friendship, she has remarked that, With Alice Waters I had the unquestionable proof that organic food doesnt have to taste like health food. As a matter of fact, organic food tastes better, following that line of thought, Great-tasting products that happen to be organic has become the slogan of Newmans Own Organics. Her father died of cancer on September 26,2008. She and her father were featured together in many of its campaigns, often posed to resemble American Gothic. She has been married to Gary Irving since 2005, in 2014, Newman received the prestigious Rachel Carson Award from The National Audubon Society for her environmental leadership. Nell Newman at the Internet Movie Database Newmans Own Organics website
Nell Newman
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Nell Newman in 2011
5.
The Three Faces of Eve
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The Three Faces of Eve is a 1957 American mystery drama film presented in CinemaScope, based on a book by psychiatrists Corbett H. Thigpen and Hervey M. Cleckley, who also helped write the screenplay. It was based on their case of Chris Costner Sizemore, also known as Eve White, sizemores identity was concealed in interviews and this film, and was not revealed to the public until 1975. The film is directed by Nunnally Johnson, joanne Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first actress to win an Oscar for portraying three different personalities. The Three Faces of Eve also became the first film since 1936 to win the Best Actress award without getting nominated in category after Bette Davis won for Dangerous. Eve White is a timid, self-effacing wife and mother who is subject to severe and blinding headaches, eventually she is sent to see a personality psychiatrist Dr. Luther, and while having a conversation, a new personality, the wild, fun-loving Eve Black, emerges. Eve Black knows everything about Eve White, but Eve White is unaware of Eve Black, when Eve Black becomes the dominant personality, Eve Whites husband leaves her and abandons their daughter, Bonnie. Eve White is sent to an asylum after Eve Black tries to kill Eve Whites daughter, Dr. Luther considers both Eve White and Eve Black to be incomplete and inadequate personalities. Most of the film depicts Luthers attempts to understand and deal with two faces of Eve. He eventually prompts her to remember an event in Eve’s childhood. Her beloved grandmother had died when she was six, and according to family custom relatives were supposed to kiss the person at the viewing, making it easier for them to let go. Eves grief and terror led to her splitting off into two different personalities. Under hypnosis at one session, a third personality manifests, the relatively stable Jane, after discovering the cause of her disorder, Jane is gradually able to remember everything that has ever happened to all three personalities. When Luther asks to speak with Eve White, they discover that Eve White, all three personalities have merged again into a single one. She marries a man named Earl whom she met when she was Jane, in her 1958 book, The Final Face of Eve, she used the pseudonym Evelyn Lancaster. In her 1977 book Im Eve, she revealed her true identity and she has also written a follow-up book, A Mind Of My Own. Woodward – at the time an unknown in Hollywood – won the Academy Award for Best Actress. It was a reversal of roles for Ms. Woodward, who played the psychiatrist who diagnosed Sybil Dorsett with multiple personality disorder and subsequently led her through treatment
The Three Faces of Eve
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1957 poster
6.
Huguenot
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Huguenots are the ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition. It was used frequently to members of the French Reformed Church until the beginning of the 19th century. The term has its origin in 16th-century France, Huguenot numbers peaked near an estimated two million by 1562, concentrated mainly in the southern and western parts of France. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew, in spite of political concessions, a series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne dAlbret, her son, the future Henry IV, the wars ended with the Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political, and military autonomy. Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s prompted the abolishment of their political and they retained religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV. Nevertheless, a minority of Huguenots remained and faced continued persecution under Louis XV. By the death of Louis XV in 1774, French Calvinism was almost completely wiped out, persecution of Protestants officially ended with the Edict of Versailles, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. Two years later, with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 and they also spread to the Dutch Cape Colony in South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, New Netherland, and several of the English colonies in North America. Small contingents of families went to Orthodox Russia and Catholic Quebec, a term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins. Geneva was John Calvins adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement, the label Huguenot was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators involved in the Amboise plot of 1560, a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise. The move would have had the effect of fostering relations with the Swiss. Thus, Hugues plus Eidgenosse by way of Huisgenoten supposedly became Huguenot, a version of this complex hypothesis is promoted by O. I. A. Roche, who writes in his book, The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots, that Huguenot is, a combination of a Dutch and a German word. Gallicised into Huguenot, often used deprecatingly, the word became, Some disagree with such double or triple non-French linguistic origins, arguing that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated in the French language. The Hugues hypothesis argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet, king of France and he was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected peoples dignity and lives. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be equivalent to little Hugos. It was in place in Tours that the prétendus réformés habitually gathered at night
Huguenot
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Persecution of the
Waldensians in the
Massacre of Mérindol in 1545.
Huguenot
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John Calvin
Huguenot
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Propaganda print depicting Huguenot aggression against Catholics at sea, Horribles cruautés des Huguenots, 16th century.
Huguenot
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Millais ' painting,
Huguenot Lovers on St. Bartholomew's Day.
7.
Joan Crawford
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Joan Crawford was an American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer and stage showgirl. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on its list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Beginning her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies, before debuting as a girl on Broadway. In the 1930s, Crawfords fame rivaled, and later outlasted, MGM colleagues Norma Shearer, Crawford often played hard-working young women who find romance and success. These stories were received by Depression-era audiences and were popular with women. But her career gradually improved in the early 1940s, and she made a comeback in 1945 by starring in Mildred Pierce. She would go on to receive Best Actress nominations for Possessed, in 1955, Crawford became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman Alfred Steele. After his death in 1959, Crawford was elected to fill his vacancy on the board of directors, following a public appearance in 1974, after which unflattering photographs were published, Crawford withdrew from public life and became increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977. Her first three ended in divorce, the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele. She adopted five children, one of whom was reclaimed by his birth mother, Crawfords relationships with her two older children, Christina and Christopher, were acrimonious. Crawford disinherited the two, and, after Crawfords death, Christina wrote a well-known tell-all memoir titled Mommie Dearest, Crawfords remains are interred at the Ferncliff Cemetery, in Hartsdale, New York. Born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, on March 23, Crawfords birth year is disputed, with 1904,1905 and she was the youngest and third child of father Thomas E. LeSueur, a laundry laborer, and mother Anna Bell Johnson. Johnson was of English, French Huguenot, Swedish, and Irish ancestry, Crawfords elder siblings were sister Daisy LeSueur, who died before Lucilles birth, and brother Hal LeSueur. Crawfords father abandoned the family a few months before her birth, reappearing later in 1930 in Abilene, Texas, following LeSueurs departure from the family home, Crawfords mother married Henry J. Cassin. The marriage is listed in the census as Crawfords mothers first marriage, Crawford lived with her mother, stepfather, and siblings in Lawton, Oklahoma. There, Cassin, an impresario, ran the Ramsey Opera House and managed to book diverse. At that time, Crawford was reportedly unaware that Cassin, whom she called daddy, was not her father until her brother Hal told her the truth. Crawford preferred the nickname Billie as a child and enjoyed watching vaudeville acts perform on the stage of her stepfathers theatre, because the familys instability negatively affected Crawfords childhood, her schooling never formally progressed beyond elementary school
Joan Crawford
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in 1936 photo by
George Hurrell
Joan Crawford
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Joan Crawford in 1928
Joan Crawford
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With
John Gilbert in a 1928 film,
Four Walls
Joan Crawford
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Crawford in 1932
8.
Gone with the Wind (film)
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Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film adapted from Margaret Mitchells 1936 novel Gone with the Wind. It was produced by David O. Selznick of Selznick International Pictures, the leading roles are portrayed by Vivien Leigh, Clark Gable, Leslie Howard, and Olivia de Havilland. Production was difficult from the start, filming was delayed for two years due to Selznicks determination to secure Gable for the role of Rhett Butler, and the search for Scarlett led to 1,400 women being interviewed for the part. The original screenplay was written by Sidney Howard, but underwent many revisions by several writers in an attempt to get it down to a suitable length, the film received positive reviews upon its release in December 1939, although some reviewers found it dramatically lacking and bloated. The casting was praised and many reviewers found Leigh especially suited to her role as Scarlett. It set records for the number of wins and nominations at the time. The film was popular, becoming the highest-earning film made up to that point. When adjusted for inflation, it is still the most successful film in box-office history. It was re-released periodically throughout the 20th century and became ingrained in popular culture, part 1 On the eve of the American Civil War in 1861, Scarlett OHara lives at Tara, her familys cotton plantation in Georgia, with her parents and two sisters. At the Twelve Oaks party, Scarlett secretly declares her feelings to Ashley, Scarlett is incensed when she discovers another guest, Rhett Butler, has overheard their conversation, a smitten Rhett promises Scarlett he will keep her secret. The barbecue is disrupted by the declaration of war and the men rush to enlist, as Scarlett watches Ashley kiss Melanie goodbye, Melanies younger brother Charles proposes to her. Although she does not love him, Scarlett consents and they are married before he leaves to fight, Scarlett is widowed when Charles dies from a bout of pneumonia and measles while serving in the Confederate Army. Scarletts mother sends her to the Hamilton home in Atlanta to cheer her up, Scarlett, who should not attend a party while in mourning, attends a charity bazaar in Atlanta with Melanie where she runs into Rhett again, now a blockade runner for the Confederacy. Celebrating a Confederate victory and to money for the Confederate war effort. Rhett makes a large bid for Scarlett and, to the disapproval of the guests. The tide of war turns against the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg in which many of the men of Scarletts town are killed, upon her return home, Scarlett finds Tara deserted, except for her father, her sisters, and two former slaves, Mammy and Pork. Scarlett learns that her mother has just died of fever and her father has become incompetent. With Tara pillaged by Union troops and the fields untended, Scarlett vows she will do anything for the survival of her family and herself
Gone with the Wind (film)
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Theatrical pre-release poster
Gone with the Wind (film)
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Scarlett and Rhett at the charity dance
Gone with the Wind (film)
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Clark Gable
Gone with the Wind (film)
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Vivien Leigh
9.
Atlanta, Georgia
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
Atlanta, Georgia
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From top to bottom left to right: Atlanta skyline seen from
Buckhead, the
Fox Theatre, the
Georgia State Capitol,
Centennial Olympic Park,
Millennium Gate, the
Canopy Walk, the
Georgia Aquarium,
The Phoenix statue, and the
Midtown skyline
Atlanta, Georgia
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Marietta Street, 1864
Atlanta, Georgia
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Atlanta in ruins during the Civil War, 1864
Atlanta, Georgia
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In 1907, Peachtree Street, the main street of Atlanta, was busy with streetcars and automobiles.
10.
Laurence Olivier
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Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM, was an English actor who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles, late in his career, he had considerable success in television roles. His family had no connections, but Oliviers father, a clergyman. After attending a school in London, Olivier learned his craft in a succession of acting jobs during the late 1920s. In 1930 he had his first important West End success in Noël Cowards Private Lives, in 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and Peggy Ashcroft, and by the end of the decade he was an established star. In the 1940s, together with Richardson and John Burrell, Olivier was the co-director of the Old Vic, there his most celebrated roles included Shakespeares Richard III and Sophocless Oedipus. From 1963 to 1973 he was the director of Britains National Theatre. His own parts there included the role in Othello and Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. Among Oliviers films are Wuthering Heights, Rebecca, and a trilogy of Shakespeare films as actor-director, Henry V, Hamlet and his later films included Sleuth, Marathon Man, and The Boys from Brazil. His television appearances included an adaptation of The Moon and Sixpence, Long Days Journey into Night, Love Among the Ruins, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Brideshead Revisited, Oliviers honours included a knighthood, a life peerage and the Order of Merit. For his on-screen work he received four Academy Awards, two British Academy Film Awards, five Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. The National Theatres largest auditorium is named in his honour, and he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards, given annually by the Society of London Theatre. He was married three times, to the actresses Jill Esmond from 1930 to 1940, Vivien Leigh from 1940 to 1960, Olivier was born in Dorking, Surrey, the youngest of the three children of the Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier and his wife Agnes Louise, née Crookenden. Their elder children were Sybille and Gerard Dacres Dickie and his great-great-grandfather was of French Huguenot descent, and Olivier came from a long line of Protestant clergymen. Gerard Olivier had begun a career as a schoolmaster, but in his thirties he discovered a strong religious vocation and was ordained as a priest of the Church of England and he practised extremely high church, ritualist Anglicanism and liked to be addressed as Father Olivier. This made him unacceptable to most Anglican congregations, and the church posts he was offered were temporary. This meant a nomadic existence, and for Laurences first few years, in 1912, when Olivier was five, his father secured a permanent appointment as assistant priest at St Saviours, Pimlico. He held the post for six years, and a family life was at last possible
Laurence Olivier
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Olivier in 1973
Laurence Olivier
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Interior of
All Saints, Margaret Street
Laurence Olivier
–
Peggy Ashcroft, a contemporary and friend of Olivier's at the
Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art, photographed in 1936
Laurence Olivier
–
Olivier, with his first wife
Jill Esmond (left), in 1932
11.
Vivien Leigh
–
Vivien Leigh was a British stage and film actress. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich, after her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England. Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being seriously as an actress. Despite her fame as an actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. Later in life, she performed as an actress in a few films. At the time, the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband Laurence Olivier, Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions, with Olivier often directing, and in three films. Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema. Leigh was born Vivian Mary Hartley on 5 November 1913 in British India on the campus of St. Pauls School and she was the only child of Ernest Richard Hartley, an English broker, and his wife, Gertrude Mary Frances. Her father was born in Scotland in 1882, while her mother, Ernest and Gertrude Hartley were married in 1912 in Kensington, London. In 1917, Ernest Hartley was transferred to Bangalore as an officer in the Indian Cavalry, while Gertrude, at the age of three, young Vivian made her first stage appearance for her mothers amateur theatre group, reciting Little Bo Peep. At the age of six, Vivian was sent by her mother to the Convent of the Sacred Heart then situated in Roehampton, southwest London, from Loreto Convent, Darjeeling. One of her friends there was future actress Maureen OSullivan, two years her senior, to whom Vivian expressed her desire to become a great actress, the family returned to Britain in 1931. She attended A Connecticut Yankee, one of OSullivans films playing in Londons West End, shortly after, her father enrolled Vivian at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Vivian met Herbert Leigh Holman, known as Leigh Holman, a barrister 13 years her senior, on 12 October 1933 in London, she gave birth to a daughter, Suzanne, later Mrs. Robin Farrington. Leighs friends suggested she take a role as a schoolgirl in the film Things Are Looking Up. She engaged an agent, John Gliddon, who believed that Vivian Holman was not a name for an actress. After rejecting his many suggestions, she took Vivian Leigh as her professional name, Gliddon recommended her to Alexander Korda as a possible film actress, but Korda rejected her as lacking potential. She was cast in the play The Mask of Virtue, directed by Sidney Carroll in 1935 and received excellent reviews, followed by interviews, John Betjeman, the future Poet Laureate, described her as the essence of English girlhood
Vivien Leigh
–
Leigh as
Scarlett O'Hara in
Gone With the Wind, 1939
Vivien Leigh
–
With
Clark Gable in Gone with the Wind (1939)
Vivien Leigh
–
Leigh as
Scarlett O'Hara
Vivien Leigh
–
Leigh and Olivier in Australia, June 1948
12.
Come Back, Little Sheba (1977 TV drama)
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The selected plays were intended to represent the best in 20th Century theatre, staged for television. The original play premiered on Broadway in 1950 and was filmed in 1952. It was directed by Silvio Narizzano, the play was released as part of a 6-DVD set of Laurence Olivier Presents, which also includes Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Collection, Saturday, Sunday, Monday and Hindle Wakes. Come Back, Little Sheba at the Internet Movie Database
Come Back, Little Sheba (1977 TV drama)
–
A scene from the TV production of Come Back, Little Sheba, showing (l-r) Carrie Fisher, Joanne Woodward and Laurence Olivier.
13.
Marietta, Georgia
–
Marietta is located in central Cobb County, Georgia, United States, and is the countys seat and largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 56,579. The 2013 estimate is 59,089, making it one of the Atlanta metropolitan areas largest suburbs, Marietta is the fourth largest of the principal cities of the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area. The origin of the name is uncertain and it is believed that the city was named for Mary Cobb, the wife of U. S. Senator and Superior Court judge Thomas Willis Cobb, judge Cobb is the namesake of the county. Homes were built by settlers near the Cherokee town of Big Shanty prior to 1824. The first plat was laid out in 1833, like most towns, Marietta had a square in the center with a courthouse. The Georgia General Assembly legally recognized the community on December 19,1834, built in 1838, Oakton House is the oldest continuously occupied residence in Marietta. The original barn, milk house, smokehouse, and wellhouse remain on the property, the spectacular gardens contain the boxwood parterre from the 1870s. Oakton served as Major General Lorings headquarters during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in 1864, Marietta was initially selected as the hub for the new Western and Atlantic Railroad, and business boomed. By 1838, roadbed and trestles had been built north of the city, however, in 1840, political wrangling stopped construction for a time. In 1842, the new management decided to move the hub from Marietta to an area that would become Atlanta. Nonetheless, in 1850, when the railroad operation, Marietta shared in the resulting prosperity. Businessman and politician John Glover arrived in 1848, a popular figure, Glover was elected mayor when the city incorporated in 1852. Another early resident was Dr. Carey Cox, who promoted a water cure, the Cobb County Medical Society recognizes him as the countys first physician. The Georgia Military Institute was built in 1851, and the first bank opened in 1855, during the 1850s, fire destroyed much of the city on three separate occasions. By the time the Civil War began in 1861, Marietta had recovered from the fires, in April 1862, James Andrews, a civilian working with the Union Army, came to Marietta, along with a small party of Union soldiers dressed in civilian clothing. The group spent the night in the Fletcher House hotel located immediately in front of the Western and Atlantic Railroad
Marietta, Georgia
–
Cobb County courthouse in Marietta
Marietta, Georgia
–
Marietta
Marietta, Georgia
–
Ruins of the paper mill at
Sope Creek
Marietta, Georgia
–
Mary Phagan as depicted in the Atlanta Journal
14.
Greenville, South Carolina
–
Greenville is the county seat of Greenville County in the upstate region of South Carolina, in the United States. The citys mayor is Knox White, who has served in that position since December 1995, with an estimated population of 64,579 as of 2015, it is the sixth-largest city in the state. The population of the area was 400,492 as of 2010. Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin Metropolitan Statistical Area, the MSA had a population of 874,869 in 2015, making it the largest in South Carolina and the third largest in the Carolinas. Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Combined Statistical Area, according to United States Census Bureau, the CSA had a population of 1,426,625 as of 2015, making it the largest CSA in the state. The CSA, a 10-county region of northwestern South Carolina, is known as The Upstate, Greenville is located approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina, along Interstate 85, and its metropolitan area also includes Interstates 185 and 385. The land of present-day Greenville was once the ground of the Cherokee which was forbidden to colonists. A wealthy settler from Virginia named Richard Pearis arrived in South Carolina around 1754 trading with Cherokee, Pearis had a child with a Cherokee woman and received about 100,000 acres from the Cherokee around 1770. Pearis established a plantation on the Reedy River called the Great Plains in present-day downtown Greenville, the American Revolution divided the South Carolina country between the Loyalists and Patriots. Pearis supported the Loyalists and together with their allies the Cherokee attacked the Patriots, the Patriots retaliated by burning down Pearis plantation and jailing him in Charleston. Pearis never returned to his plantation but Paris Mountain is named after him, the Treaty of Dewitts Corner in 1777 ceded almost all Cherokee land, including present-day Greenville, to South Carolina. Greenville County was created in 1786 and was named for its physical appearance, however, other sources say Greenville is named after General Nathanael Greene in honor of his service in the American Revolutionary War. Lemuel J. Alston came to Greenville County in 1788 and bought 400 acres, in 1797 Alston used his land holdings to establish a village called Pleasantburg where he also built a stately mansion. Vardry McBee purchased Alstons land in 1816 who then leased the Alston mansion for a summer resort, McBee decided to make the mansion his home in 1835 until his death in 1864. Considered to be the father of Greenville, McBee donated land for many such as churches, academies. Furman University was funded by McBee who helped bring the university to Pleasantburg from Winnsboro, in 1853 McBee and other Greenville County leaders funded a new railroad called the Greenville and Columbia Railroad. Pleasantburg boomed to around 1,000 in the 1850s due to the growth of McBees donations, in 1831 Pleasantburg was incorporated as Greenville. In December 1860 Greenville supported a convention to debate the issue of secession for South Carolina, the Greenville District sent James Furman, William K. Easley, Perry E. Duncan, William H. Campbell, and James P. Harrison as delegates for the convention
Greenville, South Carolina
–
Skyline of Downtown Greenville
Greenville, South Carolina
Greenville, South Carolina
–
Falls Park and McBee's Mill in 1844.
Greenville, South Carolina
–
Main Street around 1910.
15.
Beauty contest
–
The organizers of each pageant may determine the rules of the competition, including the age range of contestants. The rules may require the contestants to be unmarried, and be virtuous, amateur. It may also set the standards in which contestants will be judged. Beauty pageants are generally multi-tiered, with local competitions feeding into the larger competitions, for example, the international pageants have hundreds or thousands of local competitions. Child beauty pageants mainly focus on beauty, gowns, sportswear modelling, talent, adult and teen pageants focus on makeup, hair and gowns, swimsuit modelling, and personal interviews. A winner of a beauty contest is called a beauty queen. The pejorative term often refers to losing candidates while its rankings are referred to as placements. Possible awards include titles, tiaras or crowns, sashes, scepters, savings bonds, scholarships, however, adult and teen pageants have been moving more towards judging speaking, and many no longer contain swimsuit or talent sections. Some pageants award college scholarships, to the winner or multiple runners-up, european festivals dating to the medieval era provide the most direct lineage for beauty pageants. For example, English May Day celebrations always involved the selection of a May Queen, in the United States, the May Day tradition of selecting a woman to serve as a symbol of bounty and community ideals continued, as young beautiful women participated in public celebrations. A beauty pageant was held during the Eglinton Tournament of 1839, organized by Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton, as part of a re-enactment of a medieval joust that was held in Scotland. The pageant was won by Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset, the wife of Edward Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset, and sister of Caroline Norton, and she was proclaimed as the Queen of Beauty. Entrepreneur Phineas Taylor Barnum staged the first modern American pageant in 1854, Beauty contests became more popular in the 1880s. In 1888, the title of beauty queen was awarded to an 18-year-old Creole contestant at a pageant in Spa, all participants had to supply a photograph and a short description of themselves to be eligible to enter and a final selection of 21 was judged by a formal panel. Such events were not regarded as respectable, Beauty contests came to be considered more respectable with the first modern Miss America contest held in 1921. The oldest pageant still in operation today is the Miss America pageant, the pageant hosted the winners of local newspaper beauty contests in the Inter-City Beauty Contest, which was attended by over one hundred thousand people. Sixteen-year-old Margaret Gorman of Washington, D. C. was crowned Miss America 1921, in May 1920, promoter C. E. Barfield of Galveston, Texas organized a new event known as Splash Day on the island. The event featured a Bathing Girl Revue competition as the centerpiece of its attractions, the event was the kick-off of the summer tourist season in the city and was carried forward annually
Beauty contest
–
Georgiana Seymour, Duchess of Somerset was crowned the 'Queen of Beauty' at the Eglinton Tournament of 1839, the first known beauty pageant.
Beauty contest
–
Beauty contest in
Montreal, 1948
Beauty contest
–
Postcard view of Galveston where the
International Pageant of Pulchritude was held in 1921.
16.
The Glass Menagerie
–
The Glass Menagerie is a five-character memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame. The play has strong elements, featuring characters based on Williams himself, his histrionic mother. In writing the play, Williams drew on a short story. The play premiered in Chicago in 1944, the Glass Menagerie was Williamss first successful play, he went on to become one of Americas most highly regarded playwrights. Amanda Wingfield A faded Southern belle, abandoned by her husband, Tom Wingfield Amandas son, and younger brother to sister, Laura. Tom works at a warehouse to support his family but is frustrated by his job. He struggles to write for he is sleep-deprived and annoyed, yet, he escapes from reality through nightly excursions, apparently to the movies but also to local bars. Tom feels both obligated toward yet burdened by his family and longs to escape, Laura Wingfield Amandas daughter and Toms older sister. A childhood illness has left her with a limp, and she has a mental fragility and she has created a world of her own symbolized by her collection of glass figurines. The unicorn may represent Laura because it is unique and fragile, Jim OConnor An old high-school acquaintance of Tom and Laura. Jim was an athlete and actor during his days at Soldan High School. Subsequent years have been kind to Jim, however. His hope to shine again is conveyed by his study of public speaking, Mr. Wingfield Amandas absentee husband and Laura’s and Tom’s father. Mr. Wingfield was a man, full of charm. Although he does not appear onstage, Mr. Wingfield is frequently referred to by Amanda, the unseen character appears to incorporate elements of Williamss own father. The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda. Because the play is based on memory, Tom cautions the audience that what they see may not be precisely what happened. Amanda Wingfield, a faded Southern belle of middle age, shares a dingy St. Louis apartment with her son Tom, in his early twenties, and his slightly older sister, Laura
The Glass Menagerie
–
First edition cover
17.
Count Three and Pray (film)
–
Count Three and Pray is a 1955 CinemaScope western film starring Van Heflin, Joanne Woodward and Raymond Burr. The film was directed by George Sherman and it was based on the story Calico Pony. It premiered in Woodwards home town, Greenville, South Carolina, former brawler and womanizer Luke Fargo returns from the American Civil War to his Southern hometown a greatly changed man. Following his traumatic experience at the Battle of Vicksburg, he has become a minister and he is greeted with disbelief by his friends, including Matty, and with outright hostility by the rest of the townsfolk, as he alone in his community had fought on the Union side. Particularly opposed to him is Yancey Huggins, who sees a threat to his control of the town. Fargo encounters two very different women from his past, faded Southern belle Georgina Descrais, impoverished by the war, tries to revive their former romantic relationship, as does the local madam, Selma, but he rejects them both. Meanwhile, teenage orphan tomboy Lissy, who had living in the parsonage. She continues residing there, which causes Fargo a great deal of trouble, as the townspeople, aroused by Huggins, finally, the bishop has to be called in to resolve the situation. He learns that Fargo, not knowing any better, had not been ordained, after hearing how much good Fargo has done in the community, the bishop makes him a real minister and then tries to get him to marry Lissy. When Fargo proves reluctant, the exasperated Lissy hands the bishop her rifle to prod the hesitant groom
Count Three and Pray (film)
–
Count Three and Pray
18.
Chi Omega
–
Chi Omega is a womens fraternity and the largest member of the National Panhellenic Conference. Chi Omega has over 180 active collegiate chapters and over 240 alumnae chapters, Chi Omegas national headquarters is located in Memphis, Tennessee. Chi Omega was founded April 5,1895 at the University of Arkansas by Ina May Boles, Jean Vincenheller, Jobelle Holcombe, and Alice Simonds, with the help of Dr. Charles Richardson. It first expanded in Fall 1898 with Chi chapter at Jessamine College, located in Nicholasville, Kentucky and Hellmuth Ladies College, located in London, both chapters were transferred to other schools in 1903. By its 10th anniversary, in 1905, and with the support of Alumnae and Dr. Richardson, Chi Omega joined the National Panhellenic Conference in 1903. From 1947-1973, Chi Omegas headquarters were in the home of two alumnae in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1973, Chi Omega moved to the 33rd floor of Carew Tower, Chi Omega was the first womens Fraternity to have an Executive Office in an Office Building. In 1986, the Chi Omega Executive Office was moved to the 31st floor of the office building, Carew Tower, until their move to the present location in Memphis. Chi Omega Fraternity members have supported philanthropy since the inception in 1895. In the late 1990s, the leadership in Chi Omega researched opportunities for a partnership with a national philanthropy, the Make-A-Wish Foundation has been chosen as Chi Omegas official philanthropy since 2002. Despite being an organization, Chi Omega only refers to itself as a womens fraternity instead of a sorority. As such, Chi Omega is the largest womens organization in the world with over 330,000 initiates and 180 collegiate chapters. The 300, 000th member was initiated in 2013, the ethos of the fraternity is embodied in a document known as the Chi Omega Symphony, composed in 1904 by Ethel Switzer Howard of the Xi Chapter at Northwestern University. Chi Omegas crest was adopted in 1902, centered on the crest is a white carnation, with the Chi to the left and the Omega to the right of the flower. Above these symbols are both the skull and crossbones and the owl mascot, beneath the carnation are the five letters, Rho, Beta, Upsilon, Eta and Sigma. The symbol is surrounded by a laurel wreath, the badge of Chi Omega was regulated and adopted in 1906, allowing only fourteen pearls or diamonds, no other stones to be used. It is a monogram of the Greek letter Chi superimposed over Omega and that badge is to be worn only when wearing professional clothing, above all other pins and over the heart. Both badge and crest may only be used or worn by initiated members, the fraternitys day-to-day business activities are overseen by the Governing Council, which consists of five elected alumnae, volunteer members, who are elected every two years
Chi Omega
–
Chi Omega
Chi Omega
–
Chi Omega
Sorority House at
Ohio University.
19.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
–
New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
–
The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
–
Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
20.
American Civil War
–
The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America, the Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. history. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U. S. fortress of Fort Sumter. The Confederacy grew to eleven states, it claimed two more states, the Indian Territory, and the southern portions of the western territories of Arizona. The Confederacy was never recognized by the United States government nor by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal, including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North, the war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the dissolution of the Confederate government in the spring of 1865. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. The Confederacy collapsed and 4 million slaves were freed, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, the first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 51% and Louisiana with 55%. Alabama had voted 46% for those unionists, Mississippi with 40%, Florida with 38%, Texas with 25%, of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession, outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4,1861 inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war, speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed, the Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12,1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, while in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg, Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1864
American Civil War
–
New Orleans the largest cotton exporting port for New England and Great Britain textile mills, shipping Mississippi River Valley goods from North, South and Border states.
American Civil War
–
Clockwise from top:
Battle of Gettysburg,
Union Captain John Tidball's artillery,
Confederate prisoners,
ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of
Richmond, Virginia,
Battle of Franklin
American Civil War
–
Sen. Stephen Douglas, author of the
Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854
American Civil War
–
Sen. John J. Crittenden, of the 1860
Crittenden Compromise
21.
Western (genre)
–
Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
Western (genre)
–
Justus D. Barnes, from
The Great Train Robbery
Western (genre)
–
The
Lone Ranger; a famous heroic
gunslinger
Western (genre)
–
Gary Cooper in
Vera Cruz
Western (genre)
–
Western set at
Universal Studios in
Hollywood
22.
Hollywood
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood
–
Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood
–
The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
23.
Picnic (play)
–
Picnic is a 1953 play by William Inge. The play was premiered at the Music Box Theatre, Broadway, on 19 February 1953 in a Theatre Guild production, directed by Joshua Logan, the original cast featured Ralph Meeker, Eileen Heckart, Arthur OConnell, Janice Rule, Reta Shaw, Kim Stanley and Paul Newman. Inge won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work, the play also won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play of the season. Picnic was Paul Newmans Broadway debut, as a result, Ralph Meeker was given the role of Hal opposite Janice Rule as Madge. Newman played Hals former college roommate Alan Seymour while understudying the role of Hal, Newman eventually took over the lead role. It is Labor Day, and everyone is preparing for a neighborhood picnic, Hal Carter, a drifter, arrives in town looking for work and visits his college friend Alan, who is dating Madge Owens with the intent to marry her. Hal does odd jobs for the welcoming Helen Potts and her neighbor, Flo Owens, distrusts Hal, especially around her daughters, Madge and Millie. Since shy Millie does not have a date, neighbor Mrs. Potts suggests that Hal accompany her, Hal agrees, but he is much more interested in Madge. There is an attraction between the two, as much as they try to fight it. While getting ready for the picnic, the family and friends dance in Flo’s backyard to music playing nearby, Hal grows on both Millie and Madge, and they both vie for his attention. As Madge and Hal dance passionately, Millie gets sick from drinking too much whiskey while no one is paying attention, Hal accidentally offends Rosemary, the schoolteacher, who then screams at him, and Flo joins in criticizing him. Hal sits in the shadows by himself while everyone leaves for the picnic, Rosemary and her boyfriend Howard decide to skip the picnic and go for a drive. Madge stays behind to change her dress, when she comes back outside and tries to console Hal, they kiss after a deep and revealing conversation. They run off together and spend the night in the car, Howard brings Rosemary back to the house. As he leaves, Rosemary begs him to marry her, when Madge and Hal return, Madge is ashamed of what they did. Hal asks for one more kiss, and their “passion is revived”, in the morning, Flo is frantic because she sees Madge crying hysterically. Rosemary leaves with Howard to get married, and everyone goes to the street to see her off, when Madge is left alone in the backyard, Hal shows up to talk to her. He has spent the night in hiding after Alan falsely reported to the police that Hal stole his car in order to him out of town for stealing Madge
Picnic (play)
–
2001 Picnic production at
Jacksonville University: Millie in foreground; Madge and Hal in background
24.
The Long, Hot Summer
–
The Long, Hot Summer is a 1958 film directed by Martin Ritt. The title is taken from The Hamlet, as Book Three is called The Long Summer, the plot follows the conflicts of the Varner family after ambitious drifter Ben Quick arrives in their small Mississippi town. Will Varner, the patriarch, has doubts about his son, Jody. Will therefore tries to push Ben and his daughter Clara into marriage, filmed in Clinton, Louisiana, the cast was composed mostly of former Actors Studio students, whom Ritt met while he was an assistant teacher to Elia Kazan. For the leading role, Warner Brothers loaned Newman to 20th Century Fox, the production was marked by conflicts between Welles and Ritt, which drew media attention. The music score was composed by Alex North, and the song, The Long Hot Summer, written by North. The film was received by critics but did not score significant results at the box office. Its critical success revitalized the career of Ritt, who had been blacklisted during most of the 1950s, Newman won the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival. Ben Quick is on trial, suspected of barn-burning, but when no evidence is found. Ben hitches a ride to Frenchmans Bend, Mississippi, with two women in a convertible, Clara Varner and her sister-in-law Eula. Claras father, Will Varner, is the owner of most of the town. Ben goes to the Varner plantation, will is away, but his only son, Jody, agrees to let Ben become a sharecropper on a vacant farm. Will is also disappointed with the man that his 23-year-old daughter, Clara, has been seeing for five or six years, Alan Stewart, a genteel Southern blue blood and a mamas boy. Will therefore schemes to push his daughter and Ben together, to try to bring fresh, however, she is openly hostile to the crude, if magnetic, upstart. Will is determined to have his bloodline go on, so he offers to make Ben wealthy if he marries Clara, meanwhile, Minnie Littlejohn, Wills long-time mistress, is dissatisfied with their arrangement and wants to marry him. Jody becomes increasingly frustrated, seeing his position in the family being undermined, after Ben sells some wild horses for Will, he is rewarded with the position of clerk in the general store, alongside Jody. Will even invites him to live in the family mansion and this is the final straw for Jody. He pulls a gun on Ben and threatens to kill him, Ben talks his way out by telling Jody about buried Civil War-era treasure he has supposedly found on a property that Will gave him, a down payment to seal their bargain over Clara
The Long, Hot Summer
–
The Long, Hot Summer
The Long, Hot Summer
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Ben Quick talks to Clara Varner soon after arriving in Frenchman's Bend.
The Long, Hot Summer
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Eula and Jody
The Long, Hot Summer
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Orson Welles as Will Varner
25.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Janet Gaynor was the first winner in this category for her roles in
7th Heaven (1927),
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and
Street Angel (1928).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Norma Shearer won in 1930 for her performance in
The Divorcee.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for her roles in
Morning Glory (1933),
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967),
The Lion in Winter (1968), and
On Golden Pond (1981).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Bette Davis won two awards from ten nominations for her roles in
Dangerous (1935) and
Jezebel (1938).
26.
From the Terrace
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This was the third movie real-life spouses Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward made together. In 1946, David Alfred Eaton returns home from the war to Philadelphia and he finds his mother Martha driven to alcoholism by years of neglect and abuse from her husband Samuel Eaton, owner of a prestigious iron and steel company. While attending a party at the estate of Lexs wealthy uncle, Alfred is dazzled by Mary St. John, Mary is drawn into a relationship with Alfred and breaks off her secret engagement to Dr. Jim Roper, defying her parents. After a humiliating argument, Alfreds father falls ill, and Alfred shuns the family once again to start an aviation company with Lex. On his wedding day, Alfred receives word that his father has died, certain that Samuel has timed his death to spite him, Alfred goes ahead with the ceremony. With his uncles money, Lex and Alfred then fund the Nassau Aircraft Corporation, one wintry day, Alfred and Mary are driving home from a party when they see a little boy fall through the thin ice of a frozen pond. Alfred plunges into the icy waters to save him, the boys grandfather, James Duncan MacHardie, the most famous financier in America, invites Alfred and Mary to dinner. MacHardie, a businessman, sensing Alfreds drive and ambition. Obsessed by the need to outdo his father, Alfred travels the country for MacHardie, lonely and self-pitying, Mary begins to resent Alfreds constant absences. After an ugly argument with his wife, Alfred goes to Pennsylvania, invited to dinner at Benzigers home, he meets the mans beautiful and compassionate daughter, Natalie. Lonely and overwhelmed by her sensitivity, Alfred impetuously invites her on a date, later that night, however, Natalie reconsiders and arranges to meet him at a drive-in movie the following evening. Alfred confides to Natalie that her warmth and generosity has made him realize what a sham his marriage is and they share a kiss but Natalie still believes they must end this relationship before it goes any further, for both their sakes. Upon returning to New York, Alfred is immediately summoned to MacHardies office and he is informed that Mary has been having an affair with Dr. Roper. But the archly conservative MacHardie proceeds to warn Alfred that he will not tolerate divorce within his firm, MacHardie also assigns him to analyze the Nassau Aircraft Corp. his former firm, as a possible investment. One night, while leaving a party with his wife, Alfred unexpectedly encounters Natalie in front of the hotel, sensing that Alfred and Natalie were intimate, Mary vindictively calls Roper and makes a date with him. Alfred goes to meet Natalie and tells her that although he is estranged from Mary, Alfred begins to investigate Nassau Aircrafts business practices. Duffy, who has become involved with Nassau and will reap a financial windfall if MacHardie invests in the company. Alfred and Natalie find themselves unable to resist their attraction to each other, photographers hired by Duffy burst in and capture their indiscretion
From the Terrace
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Original Theatrical Poster
27.
Paris Blues
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Paris Blues is a 1961 American feature film made on location in Paris, starring Sidney Poitier as expatriate jazz saxophonist Eddie Cook, and Paul Newman as trombone-playing Ram Bowen. The two men romance two vacationing American tourists, Connie Lampson and Lillian Corning respectively, the film also deals with American racism of the time contrasted with Pariss open acceptance of black people. The film was based on the 1957 novel of the name by Harold Flender. The film also features trumpeter Louis Armstrong and jazz pianist Aaron Bridgers and it was produced by Sam Shaw, directed by Martin Ritt from a screenplay by Walter Bernstein, and with cinematography by Christian Matras. Paris Blues was released in the U. S. on September 27,1961. On his way to see Wild Man Moore at the station, Ram Bowen, a jazz musician, encounters Connie Lampson, a newly arrived tourist. Connie isnt interested but her friend, Lillian insists they go to see him, after Ram finishes performing with his friend Eddie, he offers to take both women to breakfast. When Ram suggests that he and Connie go off and have a private breakfast together she is offended, however Lillian, undeterred that Ram prefers her friend, pursues him and the two sleep together while Connie and Eddie spend the night walking around Paris. Over the following weeks the couples grow closer, as Connie and Lillians trip nears its end Lillian tries to convince Ram to enter in to a more committed relationship and move back with her. Ram, aware that she has two children and lives in a town, breaks off their relationship telling her he is dedicated to his music. Meanwhile, Eddie and Connie declare their love for one another, shortly after, they argue when Connie asks him to try living in America for a year and he refuses. Their hearts broken by their lovers, Connie and Lillian make plans to return home early. Before the women can leave, Ram attends a meeting with a producer, Bernard. Bernard encourages Ram to take time to study music. Heartbroken, he tracks down Lillian, and agrees to back with her. Connie, in a desperate last attempt to out to Eddie. Unwilling to lose her, Eddie makes up his mind to return to America with her, at the train station, Ram is late and finally appears to tell Lillian that he has to stay in Paris, and is unwilling to give up on his music. Lillian and Connie depart on the train, and the two men head off together, as they leave, workers are re-papering a bill board, covering the advertisement of Louis Armstrong with an offer for Larousse
Paris Blues
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Paris Blues
Paris Blues
28.
A New Kind of Love
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A New Kind of Love is a 1963 American romantic comedy film directed by Melville Shavelson and starring Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. Frank Sinatra sings You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me over the opening credits, a womanizing American reporter assigned in Paris mistakes a cynical fashion copycat designer for a prostitute after she receives a makeover. He decides to interview her for a series of articles, then falls in love with her, the girl goes along with it, first out of revenge as he snubbed her during a past encounter, then out of feelings of her own
A New Kind of Love
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Film Poster
29.
Winning
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Winning is a 1969 American motion picture starring Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. The film is about a driver who aspires to win the Indianapolis 500. A number of drivers and people associated with racing appear in the film, including Bobby Unser, Tony Hulman, Bobby Grim, Dan Gurney, Roger McCluskey. Professional racecar driver Frank Capua meets divorcee Elora, after a whirlwind romance they are married. Charley, Eloras teenage son by her first husband, becomes close to Frank. But Frank is so dedicated to his career that he neglects his wife, Frank finds them in bed together and storms out. The couple separate, but Frank still sees Charley regularly, Franks bitterness fuels his dedication to his work, and he becomes a much more aggressive driver. At the Indianapolis 500, Elora and Charley watch while Frank drives the race of his life, after winning, Frank attends a victory party. He is uninterested when attractive women throw themselves at him, Luther finds Frank and apologizes to him for the affair, but Frank punches him. Frank visits Elora and tells her he wants to start again, the film ends with a freeze-frame as the two look uncertainly at each other. He would eventually launch the much successful Newman/Haas Racing with his longtime racing competitor and friend Carl Haas, the film includes footage taken at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the legendary 2.5 mile track. Most of the footage is from the 1968 race, the accident during the first green flag is from the 1966 race. The film earned an estimated $6.2 million in rentals in North America and it was the 16th most popular movie at the US box office that year. Quentin Tarantino, when asked about his race car films, was not a fan of Winning. I’d rather saw my fingers off than sit through that again, the film score was by Dave Grusin, and the original soundtrack album was issued on Decca Records. The opening moments of the theme,500 Miles, were used by WEWS-TV in Cleveland in the 1970s and 1980s as the theme for their Million Dollar Movie. List of American films of 1969 Winning at the American Film Institute Catalog Winning at the Internet Movie Database
Winning
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Winning
