1.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
2.
Volleyball
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Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to points by grounding a ball on the other teams court under organized rules. It has been a part of the program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court, the team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, the ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push the ball with any part of the body. A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking as well as passing, setting, the game took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be a sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA. The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in high, a 25 ft ×50 ft court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nine innings with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of contacts for each team before sending the ball to the opponents court. In case of an error, a second try was allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul —except in the case of the first-try serve, Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs. The first official ball used in volleyball is disputed, some say that Spalding created the first official ball in 1896. In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points, in 1919, about 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces to their troops and allies, which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries. The first country outside the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada in 1900, an international federation, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, was founded in 1947, and the first World Championships were held in 1949 for men and 1952 for women. The sport is now popular in Brazil, in Europe, in Russia, and in countries including China. Beach volleyball, a variation of the played on sand. Volleyball is also a sport at the Paralympics managed by the World Organization Volleyball for Disabled, nudists were early adopters of the game with regular organized play in clubs as early as the late 1920s
3.
Texas Longhorns
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Texas Longhorns athletics programs include the extramural and intramural sports teams of The University of Texas at Austin. The University of Texas at Austin is the institution of the University of Texas System. The womens teams are called the Lady Longhorns, but generally both the mens and womens teams are referred to as the Longhorns, and the mascot is a Texas Longhorn steer named Bevo. The Longhorn nickname appeared in Texas newspapers by 1900, the University of Texas at Austin offers a wide variety of varsity and intramural sports programs. Due to the breadth of sports offered and the quality of the programs, Texas was also listed as the number one Collegiate Licensing Company client from 2005–2013 in regards to the amount of annual trademark royalties received from the sales of its fan merchandise. A charter member of the Southwest Conference until its dissolution in 1996, the schools colors are officially Orange and White, with Burnt Orange — also known as Texas Orange – being the specific shade of orange used. The University of Texas Longhorn Band performs the alma mater as well as the university fight song at sporting events. Over the years, Longhorn sports teams have won 52 total national championships,44 of which are NCAA National Championships, the University of Texas currently fields a varsity team in nine mens sports and eleven womens sports. They are, Two Texas Longhorn running backs have won college footballs most prestigious individual award, seventeen Longhorn players and two Longhorn coaches have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, while four are enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Other Longhorn players have received recognition for their performance. Texas is the third ranked NCAA Division I FBS program in football history, in terms of total wins. As of the end of the 2015 season, the Longhorns all-time record is 886–354–33, the University of Texas team plays home games in Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium which has a seating capacity of 100,119. Renovations began on the stadium November 14,2005, two following the last home football game of the 2005 season. The improvements were completed before the 2008 football season, and included additional seating, with the new permanent bleacher seating section added behind the south end zone and the total remodeling of the north end zone completed in 2008, the stadiums official capacity now stands at 100,119. This was surpassed when 101,357 saw #3-ranked Texas beat Kansas 51–20 on November 21,2009, the Longhorns are currently coached by Tom Herman, who came to Texas in November 2016 after being head coach at Houston. Mack Brown became the football coach for Texas in 1998. From 1998 through the 2008–2009 season, the Longhorns had a 124–27 win-loss record, in his first six years at Texas, Brown had a winning record but he had not managed to win the Big 12 conference or to lead the Longhorns into a Bowl Championship Series game. He was often lauded for his recruiting while being criticized for failing to win championships and that changed with the 2004 Texas Longhorns football team who played in the 2005 Rose Bowl against the Wolverines of the University of Michigan
4.
Big 12 Conference
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The Big 12 Conference is a ten-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving, Texas. Its ten members, located in Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, additionally, the Big 12 has ten affiliate members, six for the sport of wrestling, one for womens gymnastics, and 3 for womens rowing. The Big 12 Conference is a 501 nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware, the Big 12 was formerly composed of 12 schools, hence its name, it was formed in 1996 when four schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference joined with the pre-existing Big Eight Conference. Oklahoma and Oklahoma State were grouped with the four newcomers in the Big 12 South, TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools, bringing the conference to its current strength. Attempts to rename the Big 12 to reflect its current strength would lead to confusion with the current Big Ten Conference, the Big 12 Conference commissioner is Bob Bowlsby. Full members Assoc. member Other Conference The Big 12 Conference sponsors championship competition in ten mens, nonetheless, it is an open coed sport in NCAA college athletics, with mens, womens, and coed teams in all NCAA divisions competing against each other. TCU and West Virginia both field coed teams, through 2017, West Virginia with 19 national titles and TCU with two, together have won over half of the NCAA titles awarded since the inaugural NCAA championship in 1980. West Virginia also won four national titles. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, from its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference while two joined in 2013. The Big 12 is unique among the current Power Five conferences in that it only has 10 members, despite the name, causing some confusion. From 1987 to 2015,12 or more members were required for a championship game. Former Texas Athletic Director DeLoss Dodds and former football coach Mack Brown, along with Oklahoma football coach Bob Stoops, critics argued it was a competitive advantage over other contract conferences. Conferences with a game have their division champions typically play one of their toughest games of the year in the last week of the regular season. Unlike the other Power 5 conferences in which a team plays a portion of the other teams in the conference each season. This theoretically allows for the declaration of a de facto champion without the need for a rematch between the top two teams in the conference. On June 3,2016, the conference announced it would reinstate the football game in the 2017 season. This followed the passage of a new NCAA rule allowing all FBS conferences to hold football championship games regardless of their membership numbers, the Big 12 population base is centered on the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, West Virginia and Iowa
5.
Goldthwaite, Texas
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For the Alabama politicians, see George Goldthwaite and Alfred Goldthwaite. Goldthwaite is a city located in Mills County in Central Texas. The population was 1,878 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Mills County, which is named for John T. Mills, a justice of the Supreme Court for the Third, Seventh, and Eighth districts of the former Republic of Texas. Goldthwaite is located in the portion of the Texas Hill Country. Goldthwaite is situated at the intersections of U. S, highways 84 and 183, Texas State Highway 16, and Texas Farm-to-Market Roads 572 and 574. Goldthwaite was originally a part of the portion of Brown County. Like many other Texas communities, Goldthwaite was named for a railroad official, Goldthwaite of the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, who conducted the auction of town lots. The post office opened in 1886, after Mills County was organized, several landowners donated property with the assurance that Goldthwaite would become the county seat. The first county jail was built in 1888, and the courthouse was completed in 1890, the Santa Fe Railroad constructed shops and a roundhouse switch. Goldthwaite was scheduled to have become a point until labor problems compelled the railroad to relocate the shops to Brownwood. Even without the railroad, Goldthwaite progressed, a meeting in 1905 of the Confederate Reunion, a major annual social event, remains the largest public gathering in the history of Mills County. A large Confederate monument is on the front lawn of the courthouse in Goldthwaite, a fire in 1912 destroyed the wooden courthouse, and it was replaced in 1913 by a brick structure designed in classical revival style by the architect Henry T. Phelps. The courthouse is shaded by large trees. The first school library was established in 1915, the year that work began on Lake Merritt. By 1928, Goldthwaite had 2,800 residents and 95 businesses, the population fell to 1,324 by 1931 because of drought and the Great Depression. The number of businesses dipped to 55 by 1933, after the depression years, Goldthwaite recovered only modestly, though agricultural diversification brought renewed prosperity. Goldthwaite is a center for farm equipment and such agricultural products as mohair, wool, fruits, cattle, turkeys. Herds of mohair-producing Angora goats are raised in the area about Goldthwaite
6.
Baylor Lady Bears basketball
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The Baylor Lady Bears basketball team represents Baylor University in Waco, Texas, in NCAA Division I womens basketball competition. They currently compete in the Big 12 Conference, the team plays its home games in Ferrell Center and is currently coached by Kim Mulkey. The Lady Bears went undefeated at 40–0 to become the 2012 NCAA Division I National Champions in Womens College Basketball, olga joined the faculty of Baylor University in 1956 and served as an assistant professor of physical education through 1997. She developed Baylors womens athletic program from its beginning within the education department in 1959 and from 1972 to 1979. She was inducted into the Baylor Athletic Hall of Fame in 1999, under her coaching the softball team, advanced to the AIAW regional tournament in 1978 and 1979. The Bearette basketball team posted a record of 143–50 and earned two consecutive bids to the national AIAW tournament in 1976 and 1977, rated fifth and seventh in the nation those years. Source, In 2000, Kim Mulkey took over a Baylor program that had finished the 1999–2000 season 7–20, in her first season at Baylor, she turned the Lady Bears program around, leading the team to its first NCAA tournament bid. The Lady Bears have now put together eleven consecutive 20-win seasons, the rise of the Baylor program under Mulkey was capped off in 2005 with a national title. This made her the person to have won NCAA Division I basketball titles as a player and a head coach. It was built in 1988 and is located adjacent to the Brazos River, when the Lady Bears play, the arena can hold 10,350. Conference tournament winners noted with # Source Official website
7.
Sam Houston State Bearkats
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The Bearkats represent Sam Houston State University in intercollegiate athletics. Sam Houston States colors are orange and white and their mascot is the Bearkats, Sam Houston State sports teams participate in NCAA Division I in the Southland Conference. SHSUs primary rival is Stephen F. Austin State University and tensions between the two schools can run high before major sporting events that pit one against the other, the Kats are the only athletic department in the Southland Conference to get the Commissioners Cup for 3 consecutive years. Sam Houston boasts both the best average student athlete GPA as well as the highest number of student athletes named to the Southland Conference honor roll, Sam Houston State sponsors teams in seven mens and ten womens NCAA sanctioned sports, * =Bowling competes in the Southland Bowling League. K. C. Keeler is currently the coach of the Bearkats. Coach Keeler had previously coached Delaware to three FCS Championship games, winning one in 2003, the Bearkats are one of the most successful FCS programs in the nation within the last three years, reaching the NCAA Division I FCS Championship game in back-to-back years in 2011 and 2012. The Kats are also one of three programs in the FCS to make the NCAA Playoffs in three years, and owned the nations longest home winning streak at 23 during that span. Every year, the Battle of the Piney Woods rivalry game is held between the SFASU Lumberjacks and the Bearkats, the Bearkats have dominated the rivalry for the past decade and own an all-time advantage in the football series 50-35-2, including 10 of the last 13. The Bearkats shared the NAIA national title with Concordia in 1964, willie Fritz was the head football coach at Sam Houston State University and was the 2011 American Football Coaches Association Coach of the Year and 2012 AFCA Regional Coach of the Year. In 2011, Fritzs second year as coach, the Bearkats were the only FCS school to have an undefeated regular season thus earning the team the a number one seed in the playoffs. The 2011 Bearkats were NCAA Division I National Championship Finalists, eventually losing to the North Dakota State Bison in the FCS National Championship game and they would return to the title game the following season, only to lose to the North Dakota State Bison again. The football team was coached by Todd Whitten, who played quarterback at rival institution Stephen F. Austin State University. Whittens record at Sam was 25-28 overall, Whitten was released from his coaching duties on Nov.23,2009. Whitten was preceded by Ron Randleman, who served as coach at Sam Houston from 1982 to 2004. Randleman took over in the schools first year competing in NCAA Division II and four years later and he wasted no time in competing in Division I, leading the team to the playoffs in the schools first season in the NCAAs highest division in 1986. The next season, the Bearkats joined the Southland Conference, in the schools Division I history, the Bearkats have claimed 5 Southland Conference titles and 6 playoff appearances. They have posted an overall Division I playoff record of 4-5, one of their most successful playoff run came in the final season of Randlemans coaching career in 2004 when the team made an appearance in the semifinals of the Division I playoffs. This is still remembered as one of the greatest comebacks in Division I playoff football history, in recent history, the football team has had considerable success with transfer quarterbacks transferring from Football Bowl Subdivision Schools
8.
Texas Longhorns women's basketball
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The Texas Longhorns womens basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate womens basketball competition. The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference, the team has long been a national power in womens basketball. Under head coach Jody Conradt, the second NCAA Division I basketball coach to win 900 career games, Conradt retired after the 2006–07 season, and was replaced by Duke head coach Gail Goestenkors. Goestenkors resigned after five seasons as coach and was replaced by current head coach Karen Aston following the end of the 2011–12 season. Since 1977, Texas womens basketball has played its games in the Frank Erwin Special Events Center. The University of Texas held its first basketball competition in 1900, the games in the first few years were intramural. By 1906, the school was playing other institutions, although home games. Full varsity intercollegiate competition in basketball began in 1974. The Longhorns rank fifth in total victories and seventh in all-time win percentage among all NCAA Division I womens college basketball programs, Texas won the 1986 NCAA Championship to finish the 1985–86 season with a win-loss record of 34–0. The very first womens basketball occurred in 1892, at Smith College. Shortly thereafter, Clara Baer brought the game to Louisiana, the details of how the game came to Texas is not known for certain, but in 1900, Eleanore Norvell organized the first basketball game at the University of Texas. Norvell was originally from Oklahoma, and came to Texas to direct the education department. She has been at Texas for less than a year when she introduced basketball to students at the school, the first recorded game occurred on Saturday January 13,1900. The teams played four ten-minute quarters—the final score of that first game was 3–2, some of these rules were motivated by the prevailing assumptions of female frailty and dependence. Texas would play limited intercollegiate basketball between 1903 and 1921, eunice Aden was captain of the basketball team in 1903, took over coaching duties in 1905 and became director of physical education in 1911. Opportunities in basketball grew, but only in a limited way, intercollegiate play existed, but the school did not allow off-campus games. When Aden retired in 1921, she was replaced by Anna Hiss, while she was called a visionary for her role in directing physical education and intramurals, she was dead-set against intercollegiate athletics for women. The limited intercollegiate play under Aden came to an end, with basketball now limited to intramurals, the ascension of Hiss to the head of the department roughly coincided with the influence of Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States
9.
Texas Longhorns women's volleyball
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The Texas Longhorns womens volleyball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate womens volleyball competition. The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference, Texas has won three volleyball national championships – one AIAW championship in 1981 and two NCAA championships in 1988 and 2012. Beginning with the 1982 season, they have qualified for the NCAA tournament every year except for two, Texas is the only program to reach the NCAA Regional Finals in each of the last eleven seasons. The volleyball program was founded in 1974, Texas reached the NCAA Final Four in 1986,1987,1988,1995,2008,2009,2010,2012,2013,2014,2015, and 2016, winning NCAA championships in 1988 and 2012. The Longhorns have been ranked in the top 25 of the final AVCA Coaches Poll in 28 out of the last 32 seasons. They have captured the Big 12 championship nine times, in 1997,2007,2008,2009,2011,2012,2013,2014, Texas made its first ever NCAA final four in 1986, coming in third place overall and finishing the year with a 29-6 record. In 1987, the team made it back to the four, once again coming into third place. In 1988, Texas broke through and won the NCAA national championship by sweeping Hawaii 3-0, Texas became the first team in NCAA history to sweep every NCAA tournament opponent 3-0 en route to winning the NCAA championship. Texas made it to the match, falling to Nebraska 3-1. In 1995, Demetria Sance became the programs first ever player to be named the National Freshman of the Year, in 2007, Texas captured its second ever Big 12 title, sharing it with Nebraska and finished with a 19–1 conference record. The 2007 squad finished off the season with a 27–4 record, in 2008, Texas shared the Big 12 title with Nebraska with an 18–2 record. The team finished 29–4 overall, making it to the NCAA Final Four, junior outside hitter Destinee Hooker was named to the Final Four All-Tournament Team and was also a Honda Sports Award nominee for the top volleyball player in the country. Hooker, junior Ashley Engle and senior Lauren Paolini were also named AVCA First Team All-Americans, led by senior Destinee Hooker, the 2009 Texas volleyball team lost just one regular season match to Iowa State and was ranked No.2 in the country all season long. In the 2009 NCAA tournament, the Longhorns defeated Big-12 opponent Nebraska in the regional final, in the Final Four, the team soundly defeated Minnesota, and met No.1 and undefeated Penn State in the final. Texas looked to be on the brink of a huge upset, however, Penn State stormed back to push the match to a fifth set, which they eventually won, 15-13. Penn State won their third consecutive NCAA title and denied Texas its first NCAA title since 1988 and it was also Hookers career high in a single match, her final match as a collegiate player. Because of the level of play by both teams throughout the long match, many people believe that it was the best NCAA final in history. In 2012, Texas once again advanced to the NCAA Final game in which they played Oregon for the National Championship
10.
NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament
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The NCAA Division I Womens Basketball Tournament is an annual college basketball tournament for women. Held each April, the Womens Championship was inaugurated in the 1981–82 season, the NCAA tournament was preceded by the AIAW Womens Basketball Tournament, which was held annually from 1972 to 1982. The AIAW continued to conduct its established championship program in the same 12 sports, however, after a year of womens championships. The womens championship game is the overall game of the college basketball season since 2017. The final was played the Sunday afternoon following the Mens Final Four, since 2017. The tournament bracket is made up of champions from each Division I conference, the remaining slots are at-large bids, with teams chosen by an NCAA selection committee. The selection process and tournament seedings are based on several factors, including rankings, win-loss records. Unlike the mens tournament, there are only 32 at-large bids, the womens tournament, like the mens, is staged in a single elimination format, and is part of the media and public frenzy known colloquially as March Madness or The Big Dance. All 63 games have been broadcast on television since 2003 on ESPN, a total of 64 teams qualify for the tournament played in March and April. Of these teams,32 earn automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. Since 2017 the Ivy League conducts their own post-season tournament, the remaining teams are granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Dr. Marilyn McNeil, vice president/director of athletics at Monmouth University is the current chairwoman, the tournament is split into four regional tournaments, and each regional has teams seeded from 1 to 16, with the committee ostensibly making every region as comparable to the others as possible. The top-seeded team in each region plays the #16 team, the #2 team plays the #15, the first NCAA womens basketball tournament was held in 1982. The AIAW also held a tournament in 1982, but most of the top teams, including defending AIAW champion Louisiana Tech. The championship consisted of 32 teams from 1982–1985,40 teams from 1986–1988, since 1994,64 teams compete in each tournament. Prior to 1996, seeding was conducted on a regional basis, the top teams were ranked and seeded on a national basis. The remaining teams were seeded based on their geographic region. In 1993, all teams except for the top four were explicitly unseeded, the regional seeding resumed in 1994
11.
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
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The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is an American history museum and hall of fame, located at 1000 Hall of Fame Avenue in Springfield, Massachusetts. It serves as the sports most complete library, in addition to promoting and preserving the history of basketball, dedicated to Canadian physician and inventor of the sport James Naismith, it was opened and inducted its first class in 1959. As of the induction of the Class of 2016 on September 9,2016, the Naismith Hall of Fame was established in 1959 by Lee Williams, a former athletic director at Colby College. In the 1960s, the Basketball Hall of Fame struggled to raise money for the construction of its first facility. The Basketball Hall of Fames Board named four inductees in its first year, in addition to honoring those who contributed to basketball, the Hall of Fame sought to make contributions of its own. In 1979, the Hall of Fame sponsored the Tip-Off Classic and this Tip-Off Classic has been the start to the college basketball season ever since, and although it does not always take place in Springfield, Massachusetts, generally it returns every few years. In the 17 years that the original Basketball Hall of Fame operated at Springfield College, the popularity of the Basketball Hall of Fame necessitated that a new facility be constructed, and in 1985, an $11 million facility was built beside the scenic Connecticut River in Springfield. As the new hall opened, it also recognized women for the first time, with such as Senda Berenson Abbott. In 2002, the Basketball Hall of Fame moved again—albeit merely 100 yards south along Springfields riverfront—into a $47 million facility designed by renowned architects Gwathmey Siegel & Associates, the buildings architecture features a metallic silver, basketball-shaped sphere flanked by two similarly symmetrical rhombuses. The dome is illuminated at night and features 80,000 square foot, including numerous restaurants, the second Basketball Hall of Fame was not torn down but rather converted into an LA Fitness health clubs. The current Basketball Hall of Fame features Center Court, a basketball court on which visitors can play. Inside the building there are a gallery, many interactive exhibits, several theaters. A large theater for ceremonies seats up to 300, the honorees inducted in 2002 included the Harlem Globetrotters and Magic Johnson, a five-time NBA champion, three-time NBA finals MVP and Olympic gold medalist. As of 2011, the current Basketball Hall of Fame has greatly exceeded attendance expectations, despite the new facilitys success, a logistical problem remains for the Basketball Hall of Fame and the City of Springfield. Urban planners at universities such as UMass Amherst have called for the I-91 to be moved, in 2010, the Urban Land Institute announced a plan to make the walk between Springfields Metro Center and the Hall of Fame easier. Since 2011, the induction process employs a total of seven committees to both screen and elect candidates, since 2011, the Veterans and International Committees also vote to directly induct one candidate for each induction class. Contributor Direct Election Committee Note that other committees may choose to elect contributors, for example, the 2014 class included two contributors. However, each screening committee is limited as to the number of candidates it can put forth to the Honors Committee—10 from the North American Committee, any individual receiving at least 18 affirmative votes from the Honors Committee is approved for induction into the Hall of Fame
12.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
13.
Pan American Games
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The Pan-American or Pan American Games is a major sporting event in the Americas featuring summer sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The competition is held among athletes from nations of the Americas, the only Winter Pan American Games were held in 1990. The Pan American Sports Organization is the body of the Pan American Games movement, whose structure. The XVII Pan American Games were held in Toronto from July 10–26,2015, since 2007, host cities are contracted to manage both the Pan American and the Parapan American Games, in which athletes with physical disabilities compete with one another. The Parapan American Games are held following the Pan American Games. The Pan American Games Movement consists of sports federations, National Olympic Committees that are recognized by PASO. As the decision-making body, PASO is responsible for choosing the host city for each Pan American Games, the host city is responsible for organizing and funding a celebration of the Games consistent with the Olympic Charter and rules. The Pan American Games program, consisting of the sports to be contested at the Games, is determined by PASO, the celebration of the Games encompasses many rituals and symbols, such as the flag and torch, and the opening and closing ceremonies. Over 5,000 athletes compete at the Pan American Games in 36 sports, the first, second, and third-place finishers in each event receive gold, silver, and bronze medals, respectively. At the first Pan American Sports Congress, held in Buenos Aires in 1940, the plans had to be postponed because of World War II. A second Pan American Sports Congress held in London during the 1948 Summer Olympics reconfirmed Buenos Aires as the choice of host city for the inaugural games, countries that were part of the Commonwealth of Nations such as Canada did not compete at the first Pan American Games. The second games were held in Mexico City, Mexico, competitions started on March 12 and included 2,583 athletes from 22 countries, competing in 17 sports. The Pan American Games were held every four years in the cities of Chicago, United States in 1959, São Paulo, Brazil in 1963 and Winnipeg. While the inaugural 1951 Games hosted 2,513 participants representing 14 nations, during the games most athletes and officials are housed in the Pan American Games village. This village is intended to be a home for all the participants. It is furnished with cafeterias, health clinics, and locations for religious expression, PASO allows nations to compete that do not meet the strict requirements for political sovereignty that other international organizations demand. As a result, colonies and dependencies are permitted to set up their own National Olympic Committees, examples of this include territories such as Puerto Rico and Bermuda which compete as separate nations despite being legally under the jurisdiction of another power. There have been attempts to hold Winter Pan American Games throughout the history of the games, reliable winter snow in the Americas is limited to two countries, the United States and Canada
14.
University of Texas at Austin
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Founded in 1881 as The University of Texas, its campus is in Austin, Texas—approximately 1 mile from the Texas State Capitol. The institution has the nations seventh-largest single-campus enrollment, with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty, UT Austin was inducted into the American Association of Universities in 1929, becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected. It is a center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $550 million for the 2014–2015 school year. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory, among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, the Wolf Prize, the Emmy Award, the Turing Award, and the National Medal of Science, as well as many other awards. UT Austin student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference and its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university. The first mention of a university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although Title 6, Article 217 of the Constitution promised to establish education in the arts and sciences. On April 18,1838, An Act to Establish the University of Texas was referred to a committee of the Texas Congress. On January 26,1839, the Texas Congress agreed to set aside fifty leagues of land towards the establishment of a publicly funded university, in addition,40 acres in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated College Hill. In 1845, Texas was annexed into the United States, interestingly, the states Constitution of 1845 failed to mention higher education. On February 11,1858, the Seventh Texas Legislature approved O. B,102, an act to establish the University of Texas, which set aside $100,000 in United States bonds toward construction of the states first publicly funded university. The legislature also designated land reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction toward the universitys endowment, Texas secession from the Union and the American Civil War delayed repayment of the borrowed monies. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, The University of Texas endowment was just over $16,000 in warrants, the more valuable lands reverted to the fund to support general education in the state. The legislature additionally appropriated $256,272.57 to repay the funds taken from the university in 1860 to pay for frontier defense, the 1883 grant of land increased the land in the Permanent University Fund to almost 2.2 million acres. Under the Act of 1858, the university was entitled to just over 1,000 acres of land for every mile of railroad built in the state. On March 30,1881, the legislature set forth the structure and organization. By popular election on September 6,1881, Austin was chosen as the site, galveston, having come in second in the election was designated the location of the medical department. On November 17,1882, on the original College Hill, smite the earth, smite the rocks with the rod of knowledge and fountains of unstinted wealth will gush forth
15.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
16.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
17.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
18.
All-American Red Heads
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The All-American Red Heads were one of the first professional womens basketball teams. In 1936, almost 50 years after womens basketball began, C. M. Ole Olson started a team which would play around the country until 1986. The name of the came from Olsons wife, who owned a number of beauty salons in the south. They played by rules and were a smash success with the audience. They were so successful as a team that they fostered two other teams, the Ozark Hillbillies and the Famous Red Heads. Two of the players for the team were Geneva and Jo Langerman. Jean and Jo were the daughters of Mama Langerman, an unmarried beautician who moved from town to town. The twins led three teams to the tournament, finishing third in 1931 at Whittemore, Iowa, and winning the state championships while at Parkersburg, and Hampton, Iowa in 1932. Following their high school career, they played for an AAU team, winning the championship in 1934. As a result of their accomplishments, they were inducted into the Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union Basketball Hall of Fame, orwell Moore, a high school coach, coached two of the teams from 1948 and then purchased them. The teams boasted AAU All-American players and stars like Peggy Lawson, Kay Kirkpatrick, other stars included Willa “Red” Mason, Johnny Farley, Jolene Ammons and Cheryl Clark. Orwell Moores wife, Lorene “Butch” Moore, was also a spectacular Red Heads player, through the 1960s and 1970s, three teams toured. During the off-season, players taught basketball to girls, orwell also began Camp Courage, a basketball camp for girls. Charlotte Adams, Glenda Hall, Kay OBryan and Jolene Ammons became player coaches, the All-American Red Heads had up to three teams on the road at the same time. Seasons ran from October to late April or early May, the season consisted of approximately 200 games and the teams would travel over 60,000 miles by car. Barnstorming America, Stories from the Pioneers of Womens Basketball Book In February 2010, in July 2010, the All-American Red Heads were honored at the Senior Pan-American games in Eugene, Oregon. They also had a reunion there and it was at this tournament that players laced up their sneakers one more time and played alumni from the NBA Portland Trail Blazers. The team was honored by the Women’s Basketball Hall of Fame for their contributions to the game, the team was recognized in a display entitled Trailblazers of the Game at the 2011 Induction Ceremony on June 11,2011
19.
Baylor University
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Baylor University is a private Baptist university in Waco, Texas. It is the largest Baptist university in the world, the universitys 1, 000-acre campus is located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35, between the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin. Baylor Universitys athletic teams, known as the Bears, participate in 19 intercollegiate sports, the university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in the NCAA Division I. In 1841,35 delegates to the Union Baptist Association meeting voted to adopt the suggestion of Rev. William Milton Tryon, Baylor to establish a Baptist university in Texas, then an independent republic. Baylor, a Texas district judge and onetime U. S, congressman and soldier from Alabama, became the schools namesake. In the fall of 1844, the Texas Baptist Education Society petitioned the Congress of the Republic of Texas to charter a Baptist university, Republic President Anson Jones signed the Act of Congress on February 1,1845, officially establishing Baylor University. The founders built the university campus in Independence, Texas. Rev. James Huckins, the first Southern Baptist missionary to Texas, was Baylors first full-time fundraiser and he is considered the third founding father of the university. Although these three men are credited as being the founders of the university, many others worked to see the first university established in Texas, the noted Texas revolutionary war leader and hero Sam Houston gave the first $5,000 donation to start the university. In 1854, Houston was also baptized by the Rev. Rufus Columbus Burleson, future Baylor President, during the 1846 school year Baylor leaders would begin including chapel as part of the Baylor educational experience. The tradition continues today and has been a part of the life of students for over 160 years. Baylor and Abner S. Lipscomb of the Texas Supreme Court began teaching classes in the science of law, making Baylor the first in Texas, during this time Stephen Decatur Rowe would earn the first degree awarded by Baylor. He would be followed by the first female graduate, Mary Kavanaugh Gentry, in 1851, Baylors second president Rufus Columbus Burleson decided to separate the students by sex, making the Baylor Female College an independent and separate institution. Baylor University became an all-male institution, during this time, Baylor thrived as the only university west of the Mississippi offering instruction in law, mathematics, and medicine. At the time a Baylor education cost around $8–$15 per term for tuition, and many of the early leaders of the Republic of Texas, such as Sam Houston, would later send their children to Baylor to be educated. For the first half of the American Civil War, the Baylor president was George Washington Baines, maternal great-grandfather of the future U. S. President, Lyndon Baines Johnson. He worked vigorously to sustain the university during the Civil War, following the war, the city of Independence slowly declined, primarily caused by the rise of neighboring cities being serviced by the Santa Fe Railroad. Because Independence lacked a railroad line, university fathers began searching for a location to build a new campus, beginning in 1885, Baylor University moved to Waco, Texas, a growing town on the railroad line
20.
Waco, Texas
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Waco is a city which is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin, the city had a 2010 population of 124,805, making it the 22nd-most populous city in the state. The US Census 2015 population estimate is 132,356, the Waco Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of McLennan and Falls Counties, which had a 2010 population of 234,906. Falls County was added to the Waco MSA in 2013, the US Census 2016 population estimate for the Waco MSA is 265,207. Indigenous peoples occupied areas along the river for thousands of years, in historic times, the area of present-day Waco was occupied by the Wichita Native American tribe known as the Waco. In 1824, Thomas M. Duke explored the area and reported to Stephen F. Austin, describing the Waco village and they have a spring almost as cold as ice itself. All we want is some Brandy and Sugar to have Ice Toddy and they have about 400 acres planted in corn, beans, pumpkins, and melons and that tended in good order. I think they cannot raise more than One Hundred Warriors, after Austin halted the first attempt to destroy their village in 1825, he made a treaty with them. The Waco eventually moved out of the region, settling north near present-day Fort Worth, in 1872, they joined other Wichita tribes on a reservation in Oklahoma. In 1902, the Waco received allotments of land and became official US citizens, neil McLennan settled in an area near the South Bosque River in 1838. Jacob De Cordova bought McLennans property and hired a former Texas Ranger, in 1849, Erath designed the first block of the city. Property owners wanted to name the city Lamartine, but Erath convinced them to name the area Waco Village, in March 1849, Shapley Ross built the first house in Waco, a double-log cabin, on a bluff overlooking the springs. His daughter Kate was the first white child to be born in Waco, in 1866, Wacos leading citizens embarked on an ambitious project to build the first bridge to span the wide Brazos River. They formed the Waco Bridge Company to build the 475-foot brick Waco Suspension Bridge, the economic effects of the Waco bridge were immediate and large. The cowboys and cattle-herds following the Chisholm Trail north, crossed the Brazos River at Waco, some chose to pay the Suspension Bridge toll, while others floated their herds down the river. The population of Waco grew rapidly, as immigrants now had a crossing for their horse-drawn carriages. Since 1971, the bridge has been only to pedestrian traffic and is in the National Register of Historic Places. In the late 19th century, a district called the Reservation grew up in Waco
21.
Sam Houston State University
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Sam Houston State University was founded in 1879 and is the third oldest public institution of higher learning in the State of Texas. It is located approximately 50 minutes north of downtown Houston, in Huntsville and it is one of the oldest purpose-built institutions for the instruction of teachers west of the Mississippi River and the first such institution of its type in Texas. The school is named for Sam Houston, who made his home in the city and is buried there. SHSU is a member of the Texas State University System and has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students across over 80 undergraduate,59 masters, and 8 doctoral degree programs. The university also offers more than 20 online bachelors and graduate degrees, the Sam Houston State University campus was originally home to Austin College, the Presbyterian institution that relocated to Sherman, Texas in 1876. Austin Hall was constructed in 1851 and is the oldest university building west of the Mississippi still in operation and it was renovated in 2012 and is used today for special meetings and events. Notably, Sam Houston himself attended and participated in the dedication of the building. Created by legislation signed by Governor Oran M. Roberts on San Jacinto Day, April 21,1879 and it was the first teacher-training school in the southwestern United States. On October 10 of the year, the first class of 110 students. The first President of the school, Bernard Mallon, died days after the institute opened. The one-room Peabody Memorial Library was the first free-standing campus library in Texas, according to the Normal Institutes catalogue, the library was a very handsome structure, and especially designed for the purpose for which it is to be used. It is said that no school of this kind in the South has a Building equal to it, fully restored, it is now used as a venue for special university events. When the university first opened, students received a certification to teach in the elementary and secondary schools. After 1919, the university began to award bachelors degrees, in 1936, the school awarded its first postbaccalaureate degree. SHSU celebrated its 125th year of operation in 2004, the university launched its first capital campaign in March 2006 with a $50 million goal and closed the campaigns books on August 31,2010, with $61.2 million in commitments. The university has 110,000 living, addressable alumni and an active Alumni Association with 10,000 members, holding 200 meetings, sHSU-The Woodlands Center opened on May 30,2012, on the Lone Star College-Montgomery campus. It is a 144,164 sq. ft. facility that has a parking garage. The university also operates SHSU-University Park on the property of Lone Star College-University Park in unincorporated Harris County near Tomball, throughout the course of its history, Sam has undergone several name changes
22.
University of Texas at Arlington
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The University of Texas at Arlington is a public research university located in Arlington, Texas. The campus is in the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area, and is adjacent to downtown Arlington, the university was founded in 1895 and was in the Texas A&M University System for several decades until joining The University of Texas System in 1965. In fall 2016, the student population of 39,714 was the largest in North Texas, the Carnegie Foundation in 2016 classified UT Arlington as one of 115 universities in the category of R-1, Doctoral Universities – Highest Research Activity. The Chronicle of Higher Education named UT Arlington one of the fastest growing research universities in the nation. Times Higher Education ranks UT Arlington #123 in its list of best universities in the US for 2016, the Center for World University Rankings places UT Arlington at #175 in the US for 2016. The university is the third largest producer of college graduates in Texas and offers 85 baccalaureate,74 masters, UT Arlington participates in 14 intercollegiate sports as a Division I member of the NCAA and Sun Belt Conference. UT Arlington sport teams are known as the Mavericks. The university traces its roots back to the opening of Arlington College in September 1895, Arlington College was established as a private school for primary through secondary level students, equivalent to the modern 1st–10th grades. At the time, the school system in the city of Arlington was underfunded and understaffed. Local merchant Edward Emmett Rankin organized fellow citizens of the city to donate materials, Rankin also convinced the two co-principals of the public school in Arlington, Lee Morgan Hammond and William H. Trimble, to invest in and hold the same positions at Arlington College. In the first few years, between 75 and 150 students were enrolled in the college, the public school began to rent space at Arlington College, and was eventually sold to the city in 1900. Although the public system was set to improve, Arlington College was closed. Carlisle was already established as an educator in the North Texas region. His program consisted of a balance between work and military training. Enrollment increased to 150 students by 1905, and he began an expansion of the campus. Baseball, football, basketball, and track teams were begun between 1904–1908, around the same time, new barracks, a track, a gymnasium, and an indoor pool were built. The academy became known as one of the best at its level in the country, unfortunately, enrollment did not continue to increase with the expansion in facilities and Carlisle ran into serious financial problems. Lawsuits for the mortgages on the property were filed in 1911, in the fall of 1913, Henry Kirby Taylor moved from Missouri where he was president of the Northwest State Teachers College to set up another military academy called Arlington Training School
23.
Title IX
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Title IX is a portion of the United States Education Amendments of 1972, Public Law No. §§ 1681–1688, co-authored and introduced by Senator Birch Bayh, it was renamed the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002, after Patsy Mink, its late House co-author and sponsor. While Title IX is best known for its impact on school and collegiate athletics. In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson sent a series of orders in order to make some clarifications. Before these clarifications were made, the National Organization for Women persuaded President Johnson to include women in his executive orders, most notable is Executive Order 11375, which required all entities receiving federal contracts to end discrimination on the basis of sex in hiring and employment. In 1969, Bernice Sandler used the order to help her fight for her job at the University of Maryland. She used university statistics showing how female employment at the university had plummeted as qualified women were replaced by men, Sandler brought her complaints to the Department of Labors Office for Federal Fair Contracts Compliance where she was encouraged to file a formal complaint. Citing inequalities in pay, rank, admissions and much more, Sandler began to file complaints not only against the University of Maryland, working in conjunction with NOW and Womens Equity Action League, Sandler filed 269 complaints against colleges and universities. In 1970, Sandler joined Representative Edith Greens Subcommittee on Higher Education of the Education and Labor Committee and it was in the congressional hearings that Green and Sandler first proposed Title IX. An early draft was authored by Representative Patsy Mink, with the assistance of Representative Green, in the hearing there was very little mention of athletics. Their focus was more specifically on the hiring and employment practices of federally financed institutions, the first person to introduce Title IX in Congress was its author and chief Senate sponsor, Senator Birch Bayh of Indiana. Prior to Title IXs enactment women were not given the opportunities that men were, men were the ones given academic opportunities such as scholarships and funding while women were not viewed as equal. As a result, Title IX was created, pre- Title IX in 1971 only 1% of the athletic budgets went to female sports on the college level. On the high school male athletes outnumbered female athletes 12.5 to 1. After Title IX, there was a 600% increase in the number of playing college sports. The desire of many schools not to waste a mans place on a woman stems from such stereotyped notions, but the facts absolutely contradict these myths about the weaker sex and it is time to change our operating assumptions. While the impact of this amendment would be far-reaching, Bayh concluded, Title IX became law on June 23,1972. When President Nixon signed the bill, he spoke mostly about desegregation busing, the wording of Title IX is very brief, requiring specific language and clarifications to be articulated in its implementing regulations
24.
Ann Richards
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Dorothy Ann Willis Richards was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Texas from 1991 to 1995. A Democrat, she first came to attention as the state treasurer of Texas. Richards served as the 45th Governor of Texas from 1991 to 1995 and was defeated for re-election in 1994 by George W. Bush, Richards was the second female governor of Texas, and was frequently noted in the media for her outspoken feminism and her one-liners. Ann Richards was born Dorothy Ann Willis in Lakeview, in McLennan County, Texas and she grew up in Waco, participated in Girls State, and graduated from Waco High School in 1950. She attended Baylor University on a Debate team scholarship, and earned a bachelors degree, after marrying high school sweetheart David Dave Richards, she moved to Austin, where she earned a teaching certificate from the University of Texas. David and Ann Richards had four children Cecile, Daniel, Clark, Richards taught social studies and history at Fulmore Junior High School in Austin from 1955–1956. She campaigned for Texas liberals and progressives such as Henry B, gonzalez, Ralph Yarborough, and future U. S. District Judge Sarah T. Hughes. She supported ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U. S, during this time, her marriage ended, in part because of the strain of politics on the relationship. Richards drinking became more pronounced, and she sought and completed treatment for alcoholism in 1980, after the incumbent Texas State Treasurer, Warren G. Harding, became mired in legal troubles in 1982, Richards won the Democratic nomination for that post. Winning election against a Republican opponent in November that year, Richards became the first woman elected to office in more than fifty years. In 1986, she was re-elected treasurer without opposition, Richards was a popular and proactive treasurer who worked to maximize the return of Texas state investments. Richards said that when she took office, the Treasury Department was run something like a 1930s country bank, Richards keynote address to the 1988 Democratic National Convention put her in the national spotlight. The speech was highly critical of the Reagan Administration and then-Vice President George H. W. Bush and he was born with a silver foot in his mouth, …two women in 160 years is about par for the course. But if you give us a chance, we can perform, after all, Ginger Rogers did everything that Fred Astaire did. She just did it backwards and in high heels, and When we pay billions for planes that wont fly, billions for tanks that wont fire, and billions for systems that wont work, that old dog wont hunt. And you dont have to be from Waco to know that when the Pentagon makes crooks rich and doesnt make America strong, Richards convention address has been cited by rhetorical experts as a historically significant speech. The speech set the tone for her political future, in 1989, with co-author Peter Knobler, she wrote her autobiography, Straight from the Heart, My Life in Politics and Other Places. In 1990, Texas Republican governor, Bill Clements, decided not to run for re-election to a third nonconsecutive term, Richards painted herself as a sensible progressive, and won the Democratic gubernatorial nomination against Attorney General Jim Mattox of Dallas and former Governor Mark White of Houston
25.
Barbara Jordan
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Barbara Charline Jordan was a lawyer, educator, an American politician, and a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. A Democrat, she was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction and she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, among numerous other honors. She was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1978 to 1980 and she was the first African-American woman to be buried in the Texas State Cemetery. Barbara Charline Jordan was born in Houston, Texass Fourth Ward, Jordans childhood centered on church life. Her mother was Arlyne Patten Jordan, a teacher in the church, and her father was Benjamin Jordan, Barbara Jordan was the youngest of 3 children, with siblings Rosemary Jordan McGowan and Bennie Jordan Creswell. She graduated from Phillis Wheatley High School in 1952 with honors, Jordan credited a speech she heard in her high school years by Edith S. Sampson with inspiring her to become a lawyer. At Texas Southern University, Jordan was a champion debater, defeating opponents from Yale and Brown. She graduated magna cum laude in 1956, at Texas Southern University, she pledged Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She attended Boston University School of Law, graduating in 1959, Jordan taught political science at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for a year. In 1960, she returned to Houston, passed the bar, Jordan campaigned unsuccessfully in 1962 and 1964 for the Texas House of Representatives. She won a seat in the Texas Senate in 1966, becoming the first African-American state senator since 1883, re-elected to a full term in the Texas Senate in 1968, she served until 1972. She was the first African-American female to serve as president pro tem of the senate and served one day, June 10,1972. To date Jordan is the only African-American woman to serve as governor of a state, during her time in the Texas Legislature, Jordan sponsored or cosponsored some 70 bills. In 1972, she was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives and she received extensive support from former President Lyndon B. Johnson, who helped her secure a position on the House Judiciary Committee, in 1974, she made an influential televised speech before the House Judiciary Committee supporting the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, Johnsons successor as President. In 1975, she was appointed by Carl Albert, then Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, to the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee. In 1976, Jordan, mentioned as a running mate to Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Despite not being a candidate, Jordan received one vote for President at the Convention
26.
Clarissa Davis
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Clarissa Davis is former Texas womens basketball All-American, who is also known as Clarissa Davis-Wrightsil. She is a National Player of the Year, Olympic and pro standout and she was one of six inductees in the Class of 2006, which features four former players and two coaches. Born and raised in San Antonio, Texas, Davis played under coach Mike Floyd at John Jay High School before playing at the University of Texas and she also played in the 1986 and 1994 Goodwill Games, and the 1987 Pan American Games. After serving as an alternate on the 1988 U. S. Olympic Team, she played on the 1992 U. S. Olympic Team, which received a medal in Barcelona. Clarissa Davis was selected by the Phoenix Mercury in the round of the 1999 WNBA Draft. She played in fourteen games with the Mercury, averaging 9.3 points per game in her season in the league. After her playing career, Davis-Wrightsil worked for the San Antonio Spurs organization from 1999 to 2002 and she ran the Spurs successful campaign to obtain the San Antonio Silver Stars as a WNBA franchise, and served as the Silver Stars Chief Operating Officer from 2002–2006. Davis was an assistant coach for the University of Texas Longhorns womens basketball team during the 2006–2007 season and she left Texas after one season to take a similar position with C. Vivian Stringers Rutgers University team in 2008, after helping the Scarlet Knights to their fifth consecutive Sweet Sixteen appearance in the 2008–2009 season, Davis-Wrightsil resigned to be with her ailing mother in Texas. Inducted into Womens Basketball Hall of Fame in April 2006, Davis is also the founder of TEAMXPRESS, porter, David L. ed. Basketball, A Biographical Dictionary
27.
Pat Summitt
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Patricia Sue Pat Summitt was an American womens college basketball head coach who, over the course of her career, accrued 1,098 career wins, the most in NCAA basketball history. She served as the coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team from 1974 to 2012. She won eight NCAA championships, a number surpassed only by the 10 titles won by UCLA mens coach John Wooden and she was the first NCAA coach, and one of four college coaches overall, with at least 1,000 wins. Summitt also won two Olympic medals, a gold as head coach of the 1984 U. S. womens basketball team and she was named the Naismith Basketball Coach of the Century in 2000. In 2009, the Sporting News placed her at number 11 on its list of the 50 Greatest Coaches of All Time in all sports, in 38 years as a coach, she never had a losing season. In 2012, Summitt was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, Summitt was born Patricia Sue Head on June 14,1952 in Clarksville, Tennessee, the daughter of Richard and Hazel Albright Head. In her early years, she was known as Trish and she had four siblings, older brothers Tommy, Charles, and Kenneth, and a younger sister, Linda. She married Ross Barnes Summitt II in 1980 from whom she filed for divorce in 2007 and they have one son, Ross Tyler Summitt, born in 1990. When Summitt was in school, her family moved to nearby Henrietta. In 1970, with the passage of Title IX still two years away, there were no athletic scholarships for women, each of Summitts brothers had gotten an athletic scholarship, but her parents had to pay her way to college. She later co-captained the United States womens national team as a player at the inaugural womens tournament in the 1976 Summer Olympics. Eight years later in 1984, she coached the U. S. womens team to an Olympic gold medal, becoming the first U. S. Olympian to win a basketball medal and coach a medal-winning team. In what ESPN. com columnist Gene Wojciechowski called a bittersweet irony, Summitt earned $250 monthly and washed the players uniforms – uniforms purchased the previous year with proceeds from a donut sale. Summitt recalled that era of basketball during a February 2009 interview with Time. I had to drive the van when I first started coaching, one time, for a road game, we actually slept in the other teams gym the night before. We had mats, we had our little sleeping bags, when I was a player at the University of Tennessee–Martin, we played at Tennessee Tech for three straight games, and we didnt wash our uniforms. We played because we loved the game and we didnt think anything about it. She coached her first game for Tennessee on December 7,1974 against Mercer University in Macon, Georgia and her first win came almost a month later when the Lady Vols defeated Middle Tennessee State, 69–32 on January 10,1975
28.
Southwest Conference
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The Southwest Conference was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996. Composed primarily of schools from Texas, at times the conference included schools from Oklahoma. After a long period of stability, Arkansas left in 1991 to join the Southeastern Conference, by March 1,1914 a number of schools had responded favorably to the idea. The first organizational meeting of the conference was set to be held on April 30,1914, the date was changed because representatives from every school could not make it then. It was ultimately held on May 5 and 7,1914 at the Oriental Hotel in Dallas, Texas and it was chaired by L. Theo Bellmont. Originally, Bellmont wanted Louisiana State University and the University of Mississippi to join the conference as well, the Southwest Intercollegiate Athletic Conference became an official body on December 8,1914, at a formal meeting at the Rice Hotel in Houston. Rice University left the conference in 1916, only to re-join in 1918, phillips University was a conference member for one year. Oklahoma left in 1919 to join the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association, however, the series between Texas and Oklahoma would continue as a non-conference matchup in the annual Red River Rivalry game held in Dallas. From 1925 until 1991, the University of Arkansas would be the only member not located within the state of Texas. By 1925, the name was shortened to simply Southwest Conference. After its organizational years, the conference settled into regularly scheduled meetings among its members, the SWC would be guided by seven commissioners, the first of whom, P. W. St. Clair, was appointed in 1938. In 1940, the conference took control of the then five-year-old Cotton Bowl Classic, Texas Technological College joined the SWC in 1958, followed by the University of Houston for the 1976 season. The conference celebrated its glory years in the 1960s, dominated by two teams, Texas and Arkansas. Texas won the 1963 National Championship, and Arkansas won a National Championship in 1964 in the Football Writers Association of America, in 1969, Texas won another National Championship by beating #2-ranked Arkansas 15-14 in the regular seasons final game. The 1969 Arkansas-Texas game in Fayetteville, Arkansas, attended by President Richard Nixon, is counted among the greatest college football games ever played. Texas also won the 1970 United Press International National Championship, which until 1974 was awarded prior to the bowl games, opponents usually were the runners-up from the Big 8 Conference or the Southeastern Conference, although independents Penn State and Notre Dame were also often featured. From the 1940s onward, the Cotton Bowl Classic was counted among the four bowl games. However, in the 1990s, the game declined in importance, in 1977, Notre Dame became the last team to win a national championship in the Cotton Bowl Classic by beating Texas in the January 1978 game
29.
Gail Goestenkors
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Gail Ann Goestenkors, is an American basketball coach who was most recently an assistant coach with the Indiana Fever of the Womens National Basketball Association. Previously, she was an assistant coach of the Los Angeles Sparks, Indiana Fever, Prior to entering the professional ranks, Goestenkors spent twenty years as a college basketball head coach for Duke University and The University of Texas. She led Duke from 1992 until 2007, when she was hired to replace the retiring Jody Conradt at Texas, Goestenkors left Texas following the 2011-12 season citing fatigue. Born in Waterford, Michigan, Goestenkors attended Saginaw Valley State University, after graduating in 1985, Goestenkors became a graduate assistant coach at Iowa State. After one season, she left to become an assistant coach at Purdue under Lin Dunn, Goestenkors accumulated an impressive record at Duke and is one of the most accomplished womens basketball coaches in the nation. She received recognition as the ACC Coach of the Year a record 7 times, in the 2001-02 season, Goestenkors led the Blue Devils to the first undefeated regular season in ACC womens basketball history — a feat she would repeat two other times during her tenure at Duke. During her tenure, her teams won five ACC tournament championships, Goestenkors holds the ACC record for fewest games required to achieve 300 wins. Goestenkors led the Blue Devils to an ACC-record 35-2 ledger in 2002-03, for the second consecutive year, Duke posted a 19-0 record against ACC opponents. The 2001-02 season produced similar success and she led the Blue Devils to a 31-4 record and an NCAA Final Four appearance. Duke became the first ACC school to produce an undefeated 19-0 record in the ACC by winning the regular season, the Blue Devils in 2000-01 posted a 30-4 record, won ACC Tournament and ACC regular season championships and earned a No.1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. The 2006-2007 season ended with a 32-2 record and notched her schools first ever undefeated regular season and she is often known as the winningest coach not to have won a championship, being runner-up two times in fifteen years. Goestenkors also won the ACC Coach of the Year award in 2007 for the time in fifteen years. Goestenkors served as the coach of the USA representative to the 1997 William Jones Cup competition The event was held in Taipei. The USA team won their first six games, Four of the six were decided by six points or fewer, including the semifinal game against Japan which went to overtime. In the gold medal game, the USA faced undefeated South Korea, the USA team played to a six-point margin early in the second half, but could not extend the margin. South Korea came back, took the lead, and held on to win the championship, Goestenkors served as an assistant coach to the National team in the 2002 World Championships, held during September in three cities in China, including Nanjing, China. The USA won the six preliminary rounds easily, with no contest closer than 30 points. That included the opening game against Russia, who has played them close ant he 1998 Championship final
30.
Duke University
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Duke University is an American private research university located in Durham, North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the town of Trinity in 1838. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment, at time the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father. Dukes campus spans over 8,600 acres on three campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort. The main campus—designed largely by architect Julian Abele—incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot Duke Chapel at the campus center, the first-year-populated East Campus contains Georgian-style architecture, while the main Gothic-style West Campus 1.5 miles away is adjacent to the Medical Center. Duke is the seventh-wealthiest private university in America with $11.4 billion in cash, Dukes research expenditures in the 2015 fiscal year were $1.037 billion, the seventh largest in the nation. In 2014, Thomson Reuters named 32 of Dukes professors to its list of Highly Cited Researchers, Duke also ranks fifth among national universities to have produced Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater, and Udall Scholars. Ten Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners are affiliated with the university, Dukes sports teams compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference and the basketball team is renowned for having won five NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championships, most recently in 2015. Duke is consistently included among the best universities in the world by numerous university rankings, according to a Forbes study, Duke is ranked 11th among universities that have produced billionaires. Duke started in 1838 as Browns Schoolhouse, a subscription school founded in Randolph County in the present-day town of Trinity. Organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers, the academy was renamed Normal College in 1851 and then Trinity College in 1859 because of support from the Methodist Church. Carr donated land in 1892 for the original Durham campus, which is now known as East Campus, in 1924 Washington Dukes son, James B. Duke, established The Duke Endowment with a $40 million trust fund, income from the fund was to be distributed to hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church, and four colleges. Duke thought the change would come off as self-serving. Money from the endowment allowed the University to grow quickly, Dukes original campus, East Campus, was rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 with Georgian-style buildings. By 1930, the majority of the Collegiate Gothic-style buildings on the one mile west were completed. In 1878, Trinity awarded A. B. degrees to three sisters—Mary, Persis, and Theresa Giles—who had studied both with private tutors and in classes with men. With the relocation of the college in 1892, the Board of Trustees voted to allow women to be formally admitted to classes as day students
31.
Dick Vitale
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Richard John Dick Vitale, also known as Dickie V, is an American basketball sportscaster. A former head coach in the college and professional ranks, he is known as a college basketball broadcaster for ESPN. He is known for such as baby and diaper dandy, as well as enthusiastic and colorful remarks he makes during games. Vitale was born in Passaic, New Jersey and grew up in East Rutherford and his father, John, was a piece work clothing press operator and had a second job as a security guard. His mom, Mae, worked in a factory as a seamstress, in kindergarten, Vitale lost the vision in his left eye due to an accident with a pencil. Vitale graduated from East Rutherford High School, and in 1963 and he later earned a masters degree in education from what is now William Paterson University. Vitale took his first job as a coach at a school in Garfield. Eventually he moved up to the school level to become head coach at Garfield High School for one season. In 1971, Vitale moved to Rutgers University as an assistant coach under head coach Dick Lloyd, after two seasons there, he was hired in 1973 by the University of Detroit to become its head coach. Vitale took Detroit to the 32-team NCAA tournament in 1977, Vitale had a 78–30 record during his tenure at Detroit, which included a 21-game winning streak during the 1977 season. During that streak the Titans defeated the eventual champion Marquette on the road in Milwaukee, following the 1977 season, his fourth as Detroit head coach, Vitale was named the universitys athletic director. Vitale coached the Detroit Pistons of the NBA for the 1978–79 season, on November 8,1979, Pistons owner Bill Davidson came to Vitales house and told him that the Pistons were making a coaching change. It was twelve games into the 1979–80 season, after the Pistons struggled to a 4–8 start, the primary reason for Vitales downfall with the Pistons was the maneuver that brought Bob McAdoo to Detroit. The Pistons sent two 1980 first-round draft picks to the Celtics in exchange for McAdoo in a free agent signing/trade. The Pistons would have the worst season in history in 1979–80. Boston then traded the two picks to the Warriors in exchange for Robert Parish and the #3 pick, following his departure as coach of the Detroit Pistons, Scotty Connal gave Vitale his first TV opportunity at the then fledgling ESPN cable network. His first reaction to the job of broadcaster was Absolutely no way, I want to get back to where I belong and my spirit belongs. He was reluctant to accept the position but his wife Lorraine told him to go on TV and have some fun and he called ESPNs first college basketball game on December 5,1979, when DePaul defeated Wisconsin 90–77
32.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
33.
Roderic D. M. Page
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Roderic Dugald Morton Page, is an evolutionary biologist at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, and the author of several books. As of 2015 he is professor at the University of Glasgow and was editor of the journal Systematic Biology until the end of 2007 and his main interests are in phylogenetics, evolutionary biology and bioinformatics. Page was educated at the University of Auckland where he was awarded a PhD in 1990, Page is known for his work on co-speciation and in particular the development of bioinformatic software such as TreeMap, RadCon, and TreeView. Page is a co-author of Molecular Evolution, A phylogenetic approach and editor of Tangled trees, phylogeny, cospeciation and coevolution
34.
1987 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament
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The 1987 NCAA Division I Womens Basketball Tournament began on March 11 and ended on March 29. The Final Four consisted of Texas, Tennessee, Louisiana Tech, tennessees Tonya Edwards was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. Upsets were not unknown in the NCAA tournaments, for example, in the prior year, two 4 seeds made it to the Final Four. However, in the first five NCAA tournaments, once a team reached the Final Four, one semifinal game matched defending National Champion Texas against Louisiana Tech. Although both teams were 1 seeds, the Texas team came into the tournament with only a regular season loss. In addition, the Final Four was played on the court of the Longhorns. Despite that, and a crowd of over 15 thousand, the largest crowd in the history of the sport, Texas tried to wear down Teresa Weatherspoon, but set an NCAA Final Four record with eleven assists, while putting in 19 points of her own. The other semifinal game matched 2 seed Tennessee against 1 seed Long Beach State, Tennessee earned the number one ranking in the AP vote after the win over Texas, but they began to stumble after the loss to Texas, with losses to Auburn, Mississippi and Vanderbilt. They played Louisiana Tech in February, and the lady Techsters won by nine points, one of those meetings had been the 1982 National Championship game, when the Lady Techsters beat the Volunteers by 23 points. The 1987 Championship would turn that result on its head, as Tennessee won by 23 points, upsetting Louisiana Tech 67–44, for their first National Championship. Teresa Weatherspoon recorded 11 assists in the National Semifinal game, the most scored in a Final Four game since they started keeping records of this statistic in 1985, forty teams were selected to participate in the 1987 NCAA Tournament. Eighteen conferences were eligible for a bid to the 1987 NCAA tournament. Twenty-two additional teams were selected to complete the forty invitations, nineteen conferences earned an automatic bid. In eleven cases, the bid was the only representative from the conference. Nineteen at-large teams were selected from eight of the conferences, in addition, two independent teams earned at-large bids. In 1987, the remained at 40 teams. The teams were seeded, and assigned to four geographic regions, with seeds 1-10 in each region. In Round 1, seeds 8 and 9 faced each other for the opportunity to face the 1 seed in the second round, in the first two rounds, the higher seed was given the opportunity to host the first round game
35.
Fran Harris
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Fran Harris is a former American basketball player in the Womens National Basketball Association. Born in Dallas, Texas, Fran Harris is the fourth of five children and she started playing basketball when she was a sophomore at South Oak Cliff High School and played on the on JV and varsity teams her first year. She then helped the team to a 40-0 season and State Championship and she moved on to the University of Texas at Austin where she had a standout basketball career and earned bachelors degrees and masters degrees in journalism. Harris was a player for The University of Texas at Austin from 1982 to 1986 and she led her team to its first and only NCAA Championship title, to date in 1986 with the first perfect season in womens NCAA history. Harris was the leading three years in a row and was the team captain in 1986. She was named to the Southwest Conference All-Decade Team, SWC Player of the Year and was two-time team MVP, Harris was an outside shooter who finished her career as the Universitys fourth all-time leading scorer with 1,798 points. After college, Harris went to professional basketball in Italy. She later played for two years in the WNBA, in the leagues inaugural season, she was a member of the Houston Comets. She started one game for the Comets but played in 25 games coming off he bench, the next season, she was a starter for the Utah Starzz. At the end of the season she was waived from the teams roster, Harris hosted the transformational makeover show, Home Rules on HGTV, in which Harris helped redesign the interiors of peoples homes. Harris has been coaching since she was a teenager and has been a fitness advocate since college, since retiring from the WNBA, Harris has appeared as a fitness and life coach on many television shows. She produced and hosted her own reality show, Americas Fitness Show, in 2011, Harris bested over 15,000 candidates to be named Good Morning America’s Advice Guru Runner-up
