Johann Kaspar Lavater was a Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and theologian.
Johann Kaspar Lavater, by August Friedrich Oelenhainz
Image of woodcut from Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beförderung der Menschenkenntnis und Menschenliebe (1775-1778)
Lavater's Apparatus for Taking Silhouettes. --(From an ancient engraving of 1783)
Physiognomy or face reading is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face. The term can also refer to the general appearance of a person, object, or terrain without reference to its implied characteristics—as in the physiognomy of an individual plant or of a plant community.
Lithographic drawing illustrative of the relation between the human physiognomy and that of the brute creation, by Charles Le Brun (1619–1690).
Illustration in a 19th-century book about physiognomy
Giambattista Della Porta, De humana physiognomonia (Vico Equense [Naples]: Apud Iosephum Cacchium, 1586
Johann Kaspar Lavater