Johann Kaspar Lavater was a Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and Reformed theologian.
Johann Kaspar Lavater, by August Friedrich Oelenhainz
Image of woodcut from Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beförderung der Menschenkenntnis und Menschenliebe (1775-1778)
Lavater's Apparatus for Taking Silhouettes. --(From an ancient engraving of 1783)
Physiognomy, or face reading and sometimes known by the later term anthroposcopy, is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face. The
Johann Kaspar Lavater
…Johann Kaspar (or Caspar) Lavater (Swiss Standard German: ; 15 November 1741 – 2 January 1801) was a Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and Reformed theologian. Lavater was born in Zürich, and was educated at the Gymnasium there, where J. J. Bodmer and J. J. Breitinger were amongst his…
Lithographic drawing illustrative of the relation between the human physiognomy and that of the brute creation, by Charles Le Brun (1619–1690)
Illustration in a 19th-century book about physiognomy
Giambattista Della Porta, De humana physiognomonia (Vico Equense [Naples]: Apud Iosephum Cacchium, 1586