1.
Missouri
–
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited what we now call Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
Missouri
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A physiographic map of Missouri.
Missouri
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Flag
Missouri
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The
Bell Mountain Wilderness of southern Missouri's
Mark Twain National Forest
Missouri
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External video
2.
Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School
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Its 100-acre campus is located in the St. Louis suburb of Ladue. William Greenleaf Eliot, founder and chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis, a boys school, Smith Academy, was founded in 1854, and was later attended by Eliots grandson, the future poet T. S. Eliot. A sister school for girls, Mary Institute, was founded in 1859 and was named for Eliots late daughter Mary Rhodes Eliot, Smith Academy closed in June 1917, in part due to the proliferation of private elementary schools and public secondary schools in the area. Three months later, St. Louis Country Day School opened in northwestern St. Louis County, inspired by the Country Day School movement nationally, it was not related to Smith, although first year enrollment included a number of former Smith students. St. Louis Country Day Schools campus was in a bucolic setting reached by streetcar, far removed from the noise. Mary Institute moved to its Ladue campus in 1931 and became independent of Washington University in 1949, by the 1950s, the tranquility of the Country Day campus was disrupted by the growth of the adjacent Lambert–Saint Louis International Airport. St. Louis Country Day School relocated to a new campus next to Mary Institute in Ladue in 1958, Eliots grandson, Nobel laureate T. S. Eliot, who attended Mary Institutes kindergarten and Smith Academy, spoke at Mary Institutes centennial in 1959. St. Louis Country Day headmaster John Johnson, who coordinated the merger, the school observed its sesquicentennial during a year-long celebration that ran from May 11,2009 through May 11,2010. The space also contains conference rooms, a faculty office space and work center, a robotics garage. The building is certified as LEED Platinum, there are three different divisions at MICDS, and each division functions as a school within a school. The Lower School, also referred to as The Ronald S. Beasley School, the MICDS Middle School is located in the former Mary Institute facilities, and is for grades 5 through 8. The Upper School lies on the former Country Day School campus, the school has claimed 32 state championships and 41 district championships in the past decade. The school features one of the high school cycling teams in St. Louis. They competed in the Tour De St. Louis in 2009, MICDS has a standing athletic rivalry with the nearby John Burroughs School. MICDS observes its Homecoming on the weekend when all of the teams play Burroughs, there is a traditional bonfire, MICDS also has a cross-state rivalry with The Pembroke Hill School in Kansas City. Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee Marv Levy began his career here in 1951. The Womens Varsity Field Hockey team won the Midwest Championships in 2013,2014 and 2015, mens Water Polo won Third Place in state in 2014. The Boys and Girls Cross-Country and Track & Field team are renown throughout the state for their hard work, MICDS has many different Athletic facilities available for students to use on the 100 acre campus
Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School
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Mary Institute and Saint Louis Country Day School
3.
University-preparatory school
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A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school is a type of secondary school. The term can refer to public, private independent or parochial schools primarily designed to prepare students for higher education, in the United States, there are public, private, and charter college preparatory schools and they can be either parochial or secular. Admission is sometimes based on selection criteria, usually academic. Fewer than 1% of students enrolled in school in the United States attend an independent, private school, compared to 9% who attend parochial schools. Public and charter college prep schools are connected to a local school district. The term prep school in the U. S. is usually associated with private, elite institutions that have very selective admission criteria, prep schools can be day schools, boarding schools, or both, and may be co-educational or single-sex. Currently day schools are more common than boarding, and since the 1970s co-educational schools are more common than single-sex, unlike the public schools which are free, they charge tuition Some prep schools are affiliated with a particular religious denomination. Unlike parochial schools, independent preparatory schools are not governed by a religious organization, in most parts of Europe, such as Germany, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Scandinavia, there are state-funded secondary schools specializing in university-preparatory education. These go by many names depending on the country but may be called gymnasia, athenaea, unlike American prep schools then, they begin after high-school graduation. The most famous French classes préparatoires are exceptionally intensive and selective, taking only the very best students graduating from high schools, nevertheless, there exist many less prestigious classes préparatoires. As a result, 90% of the students in the scientific classes préparatoires eventually become engineers or scientists, a Gymnasium is a particular type of school in Germany and other countries in Europe, with the goal to prepare its pupils to enter a university. The γυμνάσιον of Ancient Greece was a place for physical and eventually also intellectual education of young men, the later meaning of intellectual education persisted in German and other languages, whereas in English, the older meaning of physical education was retained. The German Gymnasien are selective and competitive schools and they enroll students after completing 4th or 6th grade and prepare them for college. The vast majority of Gymnasien is public and does not charge tuition fees, article 7, Paragraph 4 of the German constitution, forbids segregation of students according to the means of their parents. Therefore, most private Gymnasien have rather low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships, every child will be able to enter the lottery, no matter how he or she performed in primary school. It is hoped that this policy will increase the number of lower, a total of zero percent was in favour of the lottery. Germanys oldest Gymnasien include Gymnasium Paulinum, Gymnasium Theodorianum and Gymnasium Carolinum, in Italy, there are several kinds of high schools, both public and private, whose curriculum has as a primary aim the preparation for university. These are called Liceo, plural Licei, the name comes from Lyceum, the Latin rendering of the Ancient Greek Λύκειον, the name of a gymnasium in Classical Athens dedicated to Apollo Lyceus
University-preparatory school
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Evangelical Seminaries of Maulbronn and Blaubeuren - church and courtyard
4.
St. Louis
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St. Louis is an independent city and major U. S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. Prior to European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, in 1764, following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase, during the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States and it separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics, the economy of metro St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. This city has become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical. St. Louis has 2 professional sports teams, the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the city is commonly identified with the 630-foot tall Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis. The area that would become St. Louis was a center of the Native American Mississippian culture and their major regional center was at Cahokia Mounds, active from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Due to numerous major earthworks within St. Louis boundaries, the city was nicknamed as the Mound City and these mounds were mostly demolished during the citys development. Historic Native American tribes in the area included the Siouan-speaking Osage people, whose territory extended west, European exploration of the area was first recorded in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France as part of La Louisiane. The earliest European settlements in the area were built in Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, migrants from the French villages on the opposite side of the Mississippi River founded Ste. In early 1764, after France lost the 7 Years War, Pierre Laclède, the early French families built the citys economy on the fur trade with the Osage, as well as with more distant tribes along the Missouri River. The Chouteau brothers gained a monopoly from Spain on the fur trade with Santa Fe, French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native American allies, the founding of St. Louis began in 1763. Pierre Laclede led an expedition to set up a fur-trading post farther up the Mississippi River, before then, Laclede had been a very successful merchant. For this reason, he and his trading partner Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent were offered monopolies for six years of the fur trading in that area
St. Louis
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From top left:
Forest Park Jewel Box,
MetroLink at
Lambert-St. Louis International Airport,
Apotheosis of St. Louis at the
Saint Louis Art Museum, The
Gateway Arch and the St. Louis skyline,
Busch Stadium, and the
St. Louis Zoo
St. Louis
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An illustrated map by F. Graf; Saint Louis in 1896.
St. Louis
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South Broadway after a May 27, 1896, tornado
St. Louis
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Westward view of St. Louis skyline, September 2008.
5.
John Burroughs
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John Burroughs was an American naturalist and nature essayist, active in the U. S. conservation movement. The first of his collections was Wake-Robin in 1871. The result was a body of work whose resonance with the tone of its cultural moment explains both its popularity at that time, and its relative obscurity since, Burroughs was the seventh of Chauncy and Amy Kelly Burroughs ten children. He was born on the farm in the Catskill Mountains, near Roxbury in Delaware County. As a child he spent many hours on the slopes of Old Clump Mountain, looking off to the east and the peaks of the Catskills, especially Slide Mountain. As he labored on the farm he was captivated by the return of the birds each spring and other wildlife around the family farm including frogs. In his later years he credited his life as a boy for his subsequent love of nature. During his teen years Burroughs showed a keen interest in learning, among Burroughss classmates was future financier Jay Gould. At the age of 17 Burroughs left home to earn the money he needed for college by teaching at a school in Olive and he continued to teach until 1863. In 1857 Burroughs left a position in the small village of Buffalo Grove in Illinois to seek employment closer to home. On September 12,1857, Burroughs married Ursula North, Burroughs later became an atheist with an inclination towards pantheism. Burroughs had his first break as a writer in the summer of 1860 when the Atlantic Monthly, then a new publication. Editor James Russell Lowell found the essay so similar to Emersons work that he initially thought Burroughs had plagiarized his longtime acquaintance, pooles Index and Hills Rhetoric, both periodical indexes, even credited Emerson as the author of the essay. In 1864, Burroughs accepted a position as a clerk at the Treasury, he would become a federal bank examiner. All the while, he continued to publish essays, and grew interested in the poetry of Walt Whitman, Burroughs met Whitman in Washington, DC in November 1863, and the two became close friends. Whitman encouraged Burroughs to develop his writing as well as his philosophical. Four years later, the Boston house of Hurd & Houghton published Burroughss first collection of nature essays, in January 1873, Burroughs left Washington for New York. The next year he bought a 9-acre farm in West Park, there he grew various crops before eventually focusing on table grapes
John Burroughs
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Burroughs in 1909
John Burroughs
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Burroughs poses with
Thomas Edison and
Henry Ford at Edison's home in Ft. Myers, Florida, 1914.
John Burroughs
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A 2005 photograph of
Slabsides, Burroughs's cabin in West Park, NY; the cabin was designated a
National Historic Landmark in 1968.
John Burroughs
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Plaque quoting Burroughs near the summit of
Slide Mountain.
6.
Ozarks
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The Ozarks cover a significant portion of southern Missouri, extending as far northeast as the southwestern suburbs of St. Louis. In Arkansas, a portion is contained within the northwestern. Much smaller pieces of the Ozarks extend westward into northeastern Oklahoma, the Shawnee Hills of southwest Illinois, which lie near the eastern edge of this region, are commonly called the Illinois Ozarks, but are generally not considered part of the true Ozarks. Although sometimes referred to as the Ozark Mountains, the region is actually a high, geologically, the area is a broad dome around the Saint Francois Mountains. The Ozark Highlands area, covering nearly 47,000 square miles, is by far the most extensive mountainous region between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains, together, the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains form an area known as the U. S. Interior Highlands, and are referred to collectively. Arkansas seems to be the French version of what the Illinois tribe called the Quapaw, eventually, the term came to refer to all Ozark Plateau drainage into the Arkansas and Missouri Rivers. An alternative origin for the name Ozark involves the French term aux arcs, in the later 17th and early 18th centuries, French cartographers mapped the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers. The large, top most arc or bend in this part of the Arkansas River was referred to as the aux arcs—the top or most northern arc in the whole of the lower Arkansas. Travelers arriving by boat would disembark at this top bend of the river to explore the Ozarks, Other possible derivations include aux arcs meaning of the arches in reference to the dozens of natural bridges formed by erosion and collapsed caves in the Ozark region. These include Clifty Hollow Natural Bridge in Missouri, and Alum Cove in the Ozark – St. Francis National Forest and it is even suggested aux arcs is an abbreviation of aux arcs-en-ciel, French for toward the rainbows which are a common sight in the mountainous regions. After the Louisiana Purchase, American travelers in the referred to various features of the upland areas using the term Ozark, such as Ozark Mountains. By the early 20th century, the Ozarks had become a generic term, Missouri is known as The Cave State with over 6000 recorded caves, the majority of these caves are found in the Ozark counties. The Ozark Plateaus aquifer system affects groundwater movement in all areas except the core of the St. Francois Mountains. Geographic features include limestone and dolomite glades, which are rocky, summits can reach elevations of just over 2,560 feet with valleys 500 to 1,550 feet deep. Turner Ward Knob is the highest named peak, located in western Newton County, Arkansas, its elevation is 2,463 feet. Nearby, five unnamed peaks have elevations at or slightly above 2,560 feet, drainage is primarily to the White River, with the exception of the Illinois River, although there also is considerable drainage from the south slopes of the Boston Mountains to the Arkansas River. Major streams of this type include Lee Creek, Frog Bayou, Mulberry River, Spadra Creek, Big Piney Creek, Little Piney Creek, Illinois Bayou, Point Remove Creek, and Cadron Creek
Ozarks
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View of the Ozarks from the
Buffalo National River,
Newton County, Arkansas
Ozarks
Ozarks
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The Saint Francois Mountains, viewed here from
Knob Lick Mountain, are the exposed geologic core of the Ozarks.
Ozarks
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Elevation map of the Ozarks.
7.
Head teacher
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In Scotland, the holder of this position is sometimes known as the rector, most commonly in independent schools. As in Scotland, the rector is still in use in the United States in independent religious schools. Some American state schools, such as Boston Latin School, Brooklyn Latin School, in recent years, however, most state schools have switched to the gender-neutral head teacher as the official title. Nevertheless, the terms are still in common use, and are still the official titles at some of the remaining state grammar schools. Some use other terms, such as high master, public schools in the United States generally use the title principal whereas private schools in the United States sometimes use the title Head of School. While some head teachers still do some teaching themselves, in most larger schools most of their duties are managerial and pastoral and they are considered part of the school executive, and often a head teacher position is a stepping-stone into administration. In larger schools, the principal is assisted by one or more vice-principals, assistant principals, associate principals and their position is secondary to the principal with regard to school governance. In many Australian and New Zealand schools, a headmaster/principal is the administrator of a school who has been appointed to her/his position by the school board, superintendent. The principal, often in conjunction with the board, makes the executive decisions that govern the school. The principal is often the chief disciplinarian of the students, in 1999, there were about 133,000 principals and assistant principals in the United States. Yet the term Headmaster and Head of School is still used in older schools. School principals in the United States are expected to have school administrator licensure, and, often, while there has been considerable anecdotal discussion about the importance of school leaders, there has been very little systematic research into their impact on student outcomes. Recent analysis in the United States has examined how the gains in student achievement at a change after the principal changes. This outcome-based approach to measuring effectiveness of principals is very similar to the value-added modeling that has applied to the evaluation of teachers. Such research in the state of Texas found that principals have a large impact on student achievement. Effective school leaders have shown to significantly improve the performance of all students at the school. Ineffective principals have a large negative effect on school performance. The impact of principals has also measured in non-traditional ways
Head teacher
–
A United States high school principal.
8.
The Pembroke Hill School
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It is located on two campuses in the Country Club District of Kansas City, Missouri, near the Country Club Plaza. Vassie James Ward Hill, a prominent Kansas Citian and Vassar College graduate born in 1875, gained a fortune upon the death of her first husband, Hugh Ward. She then married Albert Ross Hill, formerly president of the University of Missouri, at the time, Kansas Citians of means commonly sent their children to boarding schools on the east coast. Hill did not want to send her daughter and three sons back east and she believed they should be able to have an equal education in Kansas City. This led her to research the workings of college preparatory schools, in 1910, using funds from twelve Kansas City businessmen, Hill founded the Country Day School for boys, which accepted both day students and boarders. The initial enrollment was 20 students but grew to 52 within three years, the first country day school in the Midwest, it sat on what is today Pembroke Hills Ward Parkway Campus, to the west of the Country Club Plaza at the intersection of State Line Road. Three years later, Ruth Carr Patton and Frances Matteson Bowersock joined with Hill to found the Sunset Hill School, Sunset Hill was located on what today is Pembroke Hills Wornall Campus, south of the Country Club Plaza. At the time of its founding, the campus overlooked the Kansas City Country Club and it also includes a portion of the battlefield from the Battle of Westport. In 1925, some educators and students left the Country Day School to form the Pembroke School for boys and their endeavor failed amidst the Great Depression, and the two schools re-merged in 1933 to form the Pembroke-Country Day School, keeping the Country Day Schools original campus. It usually was referred to as Pem-Day, from the start, Sunset Hill and Pembroke-Country Day worked cooperatively. Often, teachers taught at both schools, for generations, many Kansas City families would send their boys to Pem-Day and their girls to Sunset Hill. School activities, such as plays and dances, often were combined, in 1963, the schools began coeducational classes in upper level math, science, and languages. In the early 1980s, the two schools began merger discussions, ultimately merging in 1984 to become the Pembroke Hill School, the class of 1985 elected to have separate graduation ceremonies. True coeducation began the next year, the former Sunset Hill campus became home to the primary and lower schools, and the former Pem-Day campus became home to the middle and upper schools. In 1988, Kansas City Magazine notoriously published an article titled A High School on Easy Street, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Pembroke Hill completed a $50 million capital improvement project, which renovated both campuses. The Ward Parkway campus gained a new school building, Boocock Middle School, a new upper school building, Jordan Hall, a new arts center, and a new library. In 1997,1998, and 1999, Pembroke Hills boys basketball won the Missouri Class 2A state title. In the Class of 2013,29 seniors have been recognized by National Merit, of these 29 students,21 or 21 percent of the class, are National Merit Semifinalists
The Pembroke Hill School
–
Freedom with Responsibility
The Pembroke Hill School
–
Vassie James Ward Hill, founder of The Pembroke Hill School
The Pembroke Hill School
–
Pembroke Hill Raiders athletics logo
9.
Kansas City, Missouri
–
Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
Kansas City, Missouri
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From top left: the
Liberty Memorial, the
Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Kansas City skyline, the
Country Club Plaza,
Arrowhead Stadium, and
Kauffman Stadium
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City Pioneer Square monument in Westport features
Pony Express founder
Alexander Majors, Westport/Kansas City founder
John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman
Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Walnut Street, Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, 1906.
Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City satellite map
10.
Neil Rackers
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Neil William Rackers is a former American football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League for twelve seasons. He played college football for the University of Illinois, Rackers was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft, and also played for the NFLs Arizona Cardinals, Houston Texans, and Washington Redskins. Rackers attended Aquinas-Mercy High School in St. Louis, Missouri and was a student and a letterman in football, soccer, in football, he was a two-year letterman and an All-Conference selection. In soccer, he led his team to consecutive State Titles and was an All-State selection, in baseball, he was an All-Conference selection. Rackers was drafted in the round of the 2000 NFL Draft with the 169th overall pick by the Cincinnati Bengals. He played three seasons for the team, making 44 out of 67 field goals, on New Years Day in 2006, Rackers kicked his 40th field goal of the season, an NFL record. He was rewarded with a spot in that years Pro Bowl and he is also one of the few players in NFL history to attempt a fair catch kick. Rackers was signed by the Houston Texans on April 5,2010, replaced Kris Brown later for the 2010 season, Rackers signed a one-year contract with the Washington Redskins on April 24,2012 and competed with Graham Gano for a spot on the team. On August 27, the Redskins released Rackers, billy Cundiffs charity confirmed that Rackers retired and would join his cause to cure ovarian cancer. Career high/best bolded Rackers is the teams and linebackers coach at John Burroughs School in the St. Louis. He also owns Kick it Promos and is an announcer on 101 ESPN in St. Louis. Neil Rackers on ESPN. com Current stats
Neil Rackers
–
Rackers at Redskins training camp in 2012.
Neil Rackers
–
Rackers in a 2010 preseason game against the
Dallas Cowboys.
11.
Gus Frerotte
–
Gustave Joseph Gus Frerotte is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the round of the 1994 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tulsa, Frerotte, who was selected to the 1997 Pro Bowl while with the Redskins, also played for the Detroit Lions, Denver Broncos, Cincinnati Bengals, Miami Dolphins, Minnesota Vikings, and St. Louis Rams. Frerotte attended Ford City High School in Ford City, Pennsylvania, in high school, he was a letterman in football, basketball, and baseball. Frerotte is the cousin of Mitch Frerotte, a lineman who played for the Buffalo Bills during the 1990s. At the University of Tulsa, he started eight games as a freshman in 1990 after quarterback T. J. Rubley was injured, starting his first career game at Oklahoma and he finished his college career as the schools second-ranked all-time passer, behind Rubley. During his collegiate career, he threw for 5,480 yards and 32 touchdowns on 432-of-860 passing and his 2,871 passing yards as a senior were the most by a Tulsa quarterback in 28 years. As a sophomore, Frerotte also handled punting duties for the team, as an undergraduate, he joined the Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity. However, by the next season Frerotte was the starting quarterback due to Shulers injuries and struggles adjusting to the professional game, Frerotte would retain the starting job until 1998. During his Pro Bowl season in 1996, Frerotte passed for 3,453 yards, also ranking 9th in pass completions, Frerotte also ranked 3rd in the league in average yards per pass completion. In 1999, he played for the Detroit Lions, where he backed up Charlie Batch, Frerotte wound up starting for the Lions in the playoffs while Batch was out with injuries, the Lions lost in the Wild Card round to the Redskins, Frerottes former team, 27-13. The 1999 season statistically was one of Frerottes best, posting a career high 60. 2% completion percentage and he also finished in the NFL Top 10 for Highest Average yards Per Pass Attempt at 6.88 & Passing Yards Per Game at 235.2. Frerottes best game of the season came vs Chicago completing a career best 29 completions for 309 yards with 2 Touchdowns and no interceptions, a key player in a narrow 21-17 win. The following week Frerotte again played well, this time facing his former team, helping Detroit beat Washington 33-17 completing 21 of 32 passes for 280 yards with 1 Touchdown and no interceptions. Frerotte established a career high 375 yards, completing 24 of 39 passes again with 2 touchdowns. In 2000, Gus was a backup for the Denver Broncos, after Brian Griese was injured, he led the Broncos to the playoffs. The team lost in the round to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens
Gus Frerotte
–
Gus Frerotte during the Vikings 2008 Training Camp.
12.
Todd Akin
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William Todd Akin is an American politician who is a former U. S. Representative for Missouris 2nd congressional district, serving from 2001 to 2013 and he is a member of the Republican Party. Born in New York City, Akin grew up in the Greater St. Louis area, in 1988, he was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives. He served in the house until 2000, when he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. Akins Congressional career ended after he lost a bid to unseat Democratic U. S, Senator Claire McCaskill in the 2012 election. Akin, who had won the Republican primary in a crowded field, Akin eventually apologized for the remark but rebuffed calls to withdraw from the election. He lost to McCaskill by 54.7 percent to 39.2 percent, in a book published in July 2014, Akin said that he regretted apologizing and defended his original comments. Akin was born in New York City, and raised in the St. Louis area and he is the son of Nancy Perry and Paul Bigelow Akin. Akins great-grandfather, Thomas Russell Akin, founded Laclede Steel Corporation of St. Louis in 1911, after graduation, Akin served as an engineer officer in the National Guard of the U. S. Army, then served in the Army Reserve until 1980. After leaving active duty, Akin sold large computer systems for IBM, Akin earned a Master of Divinity degree in 1984 from Covenant Theological Seminary where he studied Greek, Hebrew, and a socially conservative interpretation of the Christian scriptures. He did not enter the ministry, Akin is a longtime pro-life activist and former member of the board of Missouri Right to Life. He was arrested for trespass at least eight times between 1985 and 1988 while demonstrating against abortion in front of abortion clinics in Illinois and Missouri and he has said the protests were peaceful and he would not apologize for standing up for his beliefs. At the time of the arrests, he was using the name William Akin, after that period, Akin was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in November 1988, running unopposed to represent District 85 in West County. He won re-election in 1990 with 59% of the vote, due to re-districting, Akin represented District 86 from 1993 through 2000, never winning less than 66% of the vote. Akin served as a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, Akin sponsored legislation to prohibit casino companies from contributing to Missouri state lawmakers. In 1995, he fought Democratic Governor Mel Carnahan over a bill providing funding for school nurses. Ultimately, the governor refused to sign the bill due to Akins amendment. In 2000, Akin ran in the Republican primary election to fill the House seat vacated by U. S, representative Jim Talent, who was running for governor
Todd Akin
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Todd Akin
13.
Black Lives Matter
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Black Lives Matter is an international activist movement, originating in the African-American community, that campaigns against violence and perceived systemic racism toward black people. BLM regularly holds protests against police killings of people and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality. In 2013, the movement began with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media, since the Ferguson protests, participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of numerous other African Americans by police actions or while in police custody. In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter activists became involved in the 2016 United States presidential election. The originators of the hashtag and call to action, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, the overall Black Lives Matter movement, however, is a decentralized network and has no formal hierarchy. Black Lives Matter has also been criticized, some black civil rights leaders have criticized the tactics of BLM. Some critics accuse Black Lives Matter of being anti-police, and question the statistics provided by BLM activists regarding the rate at which people are killed by police. Other criticisms include, BLMs lack of focus on violence, allegations of racism and sexism. There have been many reactions to the Black Lives Matter movement, the U. S. populations perception of Black Lives Matter varies considerably by race. The phrase All Lives Matter sprang up as a response to the Black Lives Matter movement, however, All Lives Matter has been criticized for dismissing or misunderstanding the message of Black Lives Matter. Following the shooting of two officers in Ferguson, the hashtag Blue Lives Matter was created by supporters of the police. Several media organizations have referred to BLM as a new civil rights movement, in the summer of 2013, after George Zimmermans acquittal for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin, the movement began with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter. The movement was co-founded by three black community organizers, Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi, Garza, Cullors and Tometi met through Black Organizing for Leadership & Dignity, a national organization that trains community organizers. They began to question how they were going to respond to what they saw as the devaluation of black lives after Zimmermans acquittal, Garza wrote a Facebook post titled A Love Note to Black People in which she said, Our Lives Matter, Black Lives Matter. Tometi then added her support, and Black Lives Matter was born as an online campaign, in August 2014, BLM members organized their first in-person national protest in the form of a Black Lives Matter Freedom Ride to Ferguson, Missouri after the shooting of Michael Brown. More than five hundred members descended upon Ferguson to participate in non-violent demonstrations, since then, Black Lives Matter has organized thousands of protests and demonstrations. Expanding beyond street protests, BLM has expanded to activism on American college campuses, Black Lives Matter incorporates those traditionally on the margins of black freedom movements. All three founders of the Black Lives Matter movement are women, and Garza and Cullors identify as queer, the founders believe that their backgrounds have paved the way for Black Lives Matter to be an intersectional movement
Black Lives Matter
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Black Lives Matter
die-in protest at
Metro Green Line against
Saint Paul Police Department police brutality in Minnesota.
Black Lives Matter
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Black Lives Matter protest at
Herald Square.
Black Lives Matter
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Nekima Levy-Pounds speaks during a Black Lives Matter march in
Minneapolis.
Black Lives Matter
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Black Lives Matter Protest at
Union Square, Manhattan.
14.
Missouri Supreme Court
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The Supreme Court of Missouri is the highest court in the state of Missouri. It was established in 1820 and is located in Jefferson City, Missouri voters have approved changes in the states constitution to give the Supreme Court exclusive jurisdiction- the sole legal power to hear – five types of cases on appeal. Pursuant to Article V, Section 3 of the Missouri Constitution, the validity of a Missouri statute or constitutional provision. Challenges to a statewide elected officials right to hold office, unless their case involves one of those five issues, people who want a trial courts decision reviewed must appeal to the Missouri Court of Appeals. Most of these cases involve routine legal questions and end there, the Court of Appeals is divided geographically into the Eastern District, Western District and Southern District. This is similar to the process the United States Supreme Court uses in accepting cases, judges of the court are selected through the non-partisan plan, nationally known as the Missouri Plan. Under the plan, the Appellate Judicial Commission submits the names of three nominees to the Governor, if the Governor fails to make an appointment with 60 days of the nominees being named, the Commission shall make the appointment. Once the judge has served for at least a year, he or she is placed on the election ballot for a retention vote of the people. If retained, judges serve a term of 12 years, the following is a list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Missouri or which came to the Supreme Court of the United States from the Supreme Court of Missouri. Since 1973, the Supreme Court of Missouri has heard all cases en banc, before that many cases were heard by panels of three judges. Missouri v. McNeely,358 S. W. 3d 65,569 U. S. Doe v. Phillips,194 S. W, Doe and its progeny constitute one of the few successful constitutional challenges to sex offender registration laws in the United States. Drope v. Missouri,462 S. W. 2d 677,420 U. S, gaines v. Canada,342 Mo.121,113 S. W. 2d 783,305 U. S. Ferguson. Missouri v. Seibert,93 S. W. 3d 700,542 U. S, rachel v. Walker,4 Mo.350 Slavery, holding that slaves taken into free states became free, overturned twenty years later by Dred Scott v. Sandford. Roper v. Simmons,112 S. W. 3d 397,543 U. S. Shelley v. Kraemer,198 S. W. 2d 679,334 U. S. State v. Mitchell,170 Mo.633,71 S. W.175 Attempt and impossibility defense, holding that factual impossibility is not a defense to the crime of attempt. Mitchell is a case in the United States in this area of the law. Paul C. Wilson is the latest appointee to the Court, the judges rotate the two-year term of Chief Justice among themselves. The Chief Justice is Constitutionally empowered to preside over the court, the current Chief Justice is Patricia Breckenridge, whose term began July 1,2015 and will serve through June 2017
Missouri Supreme Court
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Missouri State Supreme Court building across from state capitol in Jefferson City
Missouri Supreme Court
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State Seal of Missouri
15.
District of Columbia Court of Appeals
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The District of Columbia Court of Appeals is the highest court of the District of Columbia. Established in 1970, it is equivalent to a supreme court. The court is located in the former District of Columbia City Hall building at Judiciary Square, Court of Appeals should not be confused with the Districts federal appellate court, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. As authorized by Congress, the court reviews proposed rules of the trial court, cases before the court are determined by randomly selected three-judge divisions, unless a hearing or rehearing before the court sitting en banc is ordered. The en banc court consists of the nine judges of the court in regular active service, the Chief Judge may designate and assign temporarily one or more judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to serve on the District of Columbia Court of Appeals when required. Members of the court are empowered to adjudicate the oath of ceremony for the executive cabinet of the President. The court consists of a judge and eight associate judges. The court is assisted by the service of retired judges who have been recommended and approved as senior judges, despite being the Districts local appellate court, judges are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U. S. Senate for 15-year terms. There has been a vacant seat since the retirement of Judge Kathryn A. Oberly, in February 2014, President Obama nominated Todd Kim to fill this vacancy, but his nomination never received a final vote in the Senate. On April 30,2015, President Obama re-nominated Kim to the position, the senior judges are William C. Nebeker, John M. Ferren, James A. Belson, John M. Steadman, Michael W. Farrell, Vanessa Ruiz, Superior Court of the District of Columbia United States District Court for the District of Columbia District of Columbia Bar – Official website. District of Columbia Court of Appeals – Official website
District of Columbia Court of Appeals
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The District of Columbia Court of Appeals is located in the former D.C. City Hall, a
National Historic Landmark.
District of Columbia Court of Appeals
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District of Columbia Court of Appeals Associate Judge Kathryn Oberly observes as
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is sworn to office, while
Bill Clinton holds the Bible.
16.
New Hampshire
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New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, New Hampshire is the 5th smallest by land area and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States. Concord is the capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state and in northern New England, including Vermont. It has no sales tax, nor is personal income taxed at either the state or local level. The New Hampshire primary is the first primary in the U. S. presidential election cycle and its license plates carry the state motto, Live Free or Die. The states nickname, The Granite State, refers to its extensive granite formations, the state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire by Captain John Mason. New Hampshire is part of the New England region and it is bounded by Quebec, Canada, to the north and northwest, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshires major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U. S. coastal state, New Hampshire was home to the rock formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until the formation disintegrated in May 2003. Major rivers include the 110-mile Merrimack River, which bisects the lower half of the state north–south and ends up in Newburyport and its tributaries include the Contoocook River, Pemigewasset River, and Winnipesaukee River. The 410-mile Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshires Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, only one town – Pittsburg – shares a land border with the state of Vermont. The northwesternmost headwaters of the Connecticut also define the Canada–U. S, the Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the states only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The Salmon Falls River and the Piscataqua define the southern portion of the border with Maine, the U. S. Supreme Court dismissed the case in 2002, leaving ownership of the island with Maine. New Hampshire still claims sovereignty of the base, however, the largest of New Hampshires lakes is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 71 square miles in the east-central part of New Hampshire. Umbagog Lake along the Maine border, approximately 12.3 square miles, is a distant second, Squam Lake is the second largest lake entirely in New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any state in the United States, Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. It is the state with the highest percentage of area in the country. New Hampshire is in the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome, much of the state, in particular the White Mountains, is covered by the conifers and northern hardwoods of the New England-Acadian forests
New Hampshire
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Shaded relief map of New Hampshire
New Hampshire
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Flag
New Hampshire
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Mount Adams (5,774 ft or 1,760 m) is part of New Hampshire's
Presidential Range.
New Hampshire
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Lake Winnipesaukee and the
Ossipee Mountains
17.
Martha Gellhorn
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Martha Ellis Gellhorn was an American novelist, travel writer, and journalist, who is now considered one of the greatest war correspondents of the 20th century. She reported on every major world conflict that took place during her 60-year career. Gellhorn was also the wife of American novelist Ernest Hemingway. At the age of 89, ill and almost completely blind, the Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism is named after her. Gellhorn was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Edna Fischel Gellhorn, a suffragist, and George Gellhorn and her father and maternal grandfather were of Jewish origin, and her maternal grandmother came from a Protestant family. Her brother, Walter Gellhorn, became a law professor at Columbia University. Her younger brother, Alfred Gellhorn, was an oncologist, and former dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Gellhorn graduated in 1926 from John Burroughs School in St. Louis, and enrolled in Bryn Mawr College in Philadelphia. In 1927, she left before graduating to pursue a career as a journalist and her first published articles appeared in The New Republic. In 1930, determined to become a correspondent, she went to France for two years, where she worked at the United Press bureau in Paris. While in Europe, she became active in the pacifist movement, roosevelt to aid in the war on the Great Depression. Gellhorn traveled around the United States for FERA to report on the impact of the Depression on the country and she first went to Gastonia, North Carolina, where she used her observation and communication skills to report on how the people of that town were affected by the Depression. Later, she worked with Dorothea Lange, a photographer, to document the lives of the hungry. Their reports later became part of the government files for the Great Depression. They were able to investigate topics that were not usually open to women of the 1930s and her findings were the basis of a collection of short stories, The Trouble Ive Seen. Gellhorn first met Hemingway during a 1936 Christmas family trip to Key West and they agreed to travel to Spain together to cover the Spanish Civil War, where Gellhorn had been hired to report for Colliers Weekly. The pair celebrated Christmas of 1937 together in Barcelona, later, from Germany, she reported on the rise of Adolf Hitler, and in 1938 was in Czechoslovakia. After the outbreak of World War II, she described these events in the novel A Stricken Field and she later reported the war from Finland, Hong Kong, Burma, Singapore, and England. She was the woman to land at Normandy on D-Day on June 6,1944
Martha Gellhorn
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Gellhorn and Ernest Hemingway with
General Yu Hanmou,
Chongqing, China, 1941
Martha Gellhorn
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Gellhorn was one of five individuals – and the only woman – honored in the 2008 American Journalists stamp series.
18.
Ernest Hemingway
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Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style had a influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954 and he published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three works, were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature, Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, in 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms, in 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a correspondent and fell under the influence of the modernist writers. He published his novel, The Sun Also Rises, in 1926. Martha Gellhorn became his wife in 1940, they separated when he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. He was present at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris, Hemingway maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida, and Cuba, and in 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where he killed himself in mid-1961. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21,1899, in Oak Park, Illinois and his father, Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, was a physician, and his mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, was a musician. Both were well-educated and well-respected in Oak Park, a community about which resident Frank Lloyd Wright said. For a short period after their marriage, Clarence and Grace Hemingway lived at first with Graces father, Ernest Hall, their first sons namesake. Later, Ernest Hemingway would say that he disliked his name, the family eventually moved into a seven-bedroom home in a respectable neighborhood with a music studio for Grace and a medical office for Clarence. Hemingways mother frequently performed in concerts around the village, as an adult, Hemingway professed to hate his mother, although biographer Michael S. Reynolds points out that Hemingway mirrored her energy and enthusiasm. The family spent summers at Windemere on Walloon Lake, near Petoskey, from 1913 until 1917, Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest High School. He took part in a number of sports—boxing, track and field, water polo and he excelled in English classes, and with his sister Marcelline, performed in the school orchestra for two years
Ernest Hemingway
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Ernest Hemingway working at his book For Whom the Bell Tolls at Sun Valley, Idaho in December 1939
Ernest Hemingway
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Hemingway was the second child and first son born to Clarence and Grace Hemingway.
Ernest Hemingway
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Hemingway in uniform in Milan, 1918. He drove ambulances for two months until he was wounded.
Ernest Hemingway
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Hemingway's 1923 passport photo. At this time, he lived in Paris with his wife
Hadley, and worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star Weekly.
19.
For Whom the Bell Tolls
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For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia, the novel is regarded as one of Hemingways best works, along with The Sun Also Rises, The Old Man and the Sea, and A Farewell to Arms. Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls in Havana, Cuba, Key West, Florida, in Cuba, he lived in the Hotel Ambos-Mundos where he worked on the manuscript. The novel was finished in July 1940 and published in October and it is based on Hemingways experiences during the Spanish Civil War and features an American protagonist, named Robert Jordan, who fights with Spanish soldiers for the Republicans. The characters in the novel include those who are fictional, those based on real people but fictionalized. Set in the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range between Madrid and Segovia, the takes place during four days and three nights. For Whom the Bell Tolls became a Book of the Month Club choice, sold half a million copies within months, was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, published on 21 October 1940, the first edition print run was 75,000 copies priced at $2.75. The poem is found in anthologies and literature textbooks. Furthermore, the title and epigraph can be interpreted as a reference to the themes of death within the novel, the novel graphically describes the brutality of the civil war in Spain during this time. It is told primarily through the thoughts and experiences of the protagonist and it draws on Hemingways own experiences in the Spanish Civil War as a reporter for the North American Newspaper Alliance. Jordan is an American who has lived in Spain during the pre-war period, on his mission, Jordan meets the rebel Anselmo who brings him to the hidden guerrilla camp and initially acts as an intermediary between Jordan and the other guerrilla fighters. In the camp, Jordan encounters María, a young Spanish woman whose life had been shattered by her parents execution, Pablos wife, Pilar, usurps Pablos leadership and pledges the allegiance of the guerrillas to Jordans mission. Although he disposes of the detonators and exploder by throwing them down a gorge into the river, Pablo regrets abandoning his comrades and returns to assist in the operation. However, the enemy, apprised of the offensive, has prepared to ambush it in force. Regardless of this, Jordan understands that he must still demolish the bridge in an attempt to prevent Fascist reinforcements from overwhelming his allies and this improvised plan is considerably more dangerous because the men must increase their proximity to the explosion. While Pablo, Pilar, and Maria create a distraction for Jordan and Anselmo, while escaping, Jordan is maimed when a tank shoots his horse out from under him. Knowing he would slow his comrades down, he bids goodbye to María
For Whom the Bell Tolls
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First edition cover
For Whom the Bell Tolls
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Hotel Ambos-Mundos (Hotel of Both-Worlds), Havana, Ernest Hemingway's first residence in Cuba (1932–1939) where the first chapter of For Whom the Bell Tolls was written. Much of the rest was written later in his home near Havana,
Finca Vigía (Lookout Farm)
20.
Jane Smiley
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Jane Smiley is an American novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1992 for her novel A Thousand Acres, born in Los Angeles, California, Smiley grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, and graduated from Community School and from John Burroughs School. She obtained a BA in literature at Vassar College, then earned an MA, MFA, while working towards her doctorate, she also spent a year studying in Iceland as a Fulbright Scholar. Smiley published her first novel, Barn Blind, in 1980, and won a 1985 O. Henry Award for her short story Lily and her best-selling A Thousand Acres, a story based on William Shakespeares King Lear, received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1992. It was adapted into a film of the title in 1997. In 1995 she wrote her sole television script, produced for an episode of Homicide and her novella The Age of Grief was made into the 2002 film The Secret Lives of Dentists. Her essay Feminism Meets the Free Market was included in the 2006 anthology Mommy Wars by Washington Post writer Leslie Morgan Steiner, appears in the anthology Knitting Yarns, Writers on Knitting, published by W. W. Norton & Company in 2013. In 2001, Smiley was elected a member of The American Academy of Arts and she participates in the annual Los Angeles Times Festival of Books in association with UCLA. She won the PEN USA Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006, jonathan Franzen, author of The Corrections, considers Smileys book The Greenlanders to be greatly underappreciated and among the best works of contemporary American fiction. Smiley is currently at work on a trilogy of novels about an Iowa family over the course of generations, the first novel of the trilogy, Some Luck, was published in 2014 by Random House. Jane Smiley collected news and commentary
Jane Smiley
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Jane Smiley at the 2009 Texas Book Festival
Jane Smiley
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Jane Smiley speaking at the Vancouver Writers Fest on her 2014 novel, Some Luck
21.
Pulitzer Prize
–
The Pulitzer Prize /ˈpʊlᵻtsər/ is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each receives a certificate. The winner in the service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal. The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical. Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties, each year,102 jurors are selected by the Pulitzer Prize Board to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories, one jury makes recommendations for both photography awards. For each award category, a jury makes three nominations, the board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypasses the nominations and selects a different entry following a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote to issue no award, the board and journalism jurors are not paid for their work, however, the jurors in letters, music, and drama receive a $2,000 honorarium for the year, and each chair receives $2,500. Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant, the jury selects a group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were submitted, but not nominated as finalists. For example, Bill Dedman of msnbc, Dedman wrote, To call that submission a Pulitzer nomination is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters Thats My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars dont work that way—the studios dont pick the nominees and its just a way of slipping Academy Awards into a bio. The Pulitzers also dont work that way, but fewer people know that, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships and he specified four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships. After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4,1917, many people have won more than one Pulitzer Prize. Nelson Harding is the person to have won a Prize in two consecutive years, the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1927 and 1928. Four prizes Robert Frost, Poetry Eugene ONeill, Drama Robert E, in rare instances, contributors to the entry are singled out in the citation in a manner analogous to individual winners. Journalism awards may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs, infrequently, Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, letters and fiction
Pulitzer Prize
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Pulitzer Prize
22.
A Thousand Acres
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A Thousand Acres is a 1991 novel by American author Jane Smiley. It won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction in 1991 and was adapted to a 1997 film of the same name. The novel is a retelling of Shakespeares King Lear and is set on a thousand-acre farm in Iowa that is owned by a family of a father. It is told through the point of view of the oldest daughter, larry Cook is an aging farmer who decides to incorporate his farm, handing complete and joint ownership to his three daughters, Ginny, Rose, and Caroline. When the youngest daughter objects, she is removed from the agreement, the plot also focuses on Ginnys troubled marriage, her difficulties in bearing a child and her relationship with her family. There are many similarities between King Lear and A Thousand Acres, including plot details and character development. For example, some of the names of the characters in the novel are reminiscent of their Shakespearean counterparts. Larry is Lear, Ginny is Goneril, Rose is Regan, the role of the Cooks neighbors, Harold Clark and his sons Loren and Jess, also rework the importance of Gloucester, Edgar and Edmund in King Lear. The novel maintains major themes present in Lear, namely, gender roles, appearances vs. reality, generational conflict, hierarchical structures, madness, and the powerful force of nature
A Thousand Acres
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Hardcover first edition cover
A Thousand Acres
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Characters
23.
Leon Burke III
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Dr. Leon Burke III is an American musician, singer, and conductor from St. Louis, Missouri. He began his studies at age 12 and by age 16 was conducting orchestras. Dr. Leon Burke III is a native St. Louisan and he holds music degrees from the Oberlin Conservatory and the University of Kansas. Burke studied as a Fulbright Fellow in Paraguay, Dr. Burke writes, I was born in St. Louis into a family of teachers. My aunt was the first black woman to earn a doctorate from St. Louis University and she was a major influence in my life and introduced me to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. when I was young. I began to dedicate my life to music when I began my music studies at age 12 and my instruments were piano and organ but I also sang. Dr. Burke is the Music Director and Conductor of the University City Symphony Orchestra and he conducts the Cadenza Orchestra of the Saint Charles County Youth Orchestra Program and is the Music Director of the Belleville Philharmonic Youth Orchestra. He is also the Choir Director at Eliot Unitarian Chapel in Kirkwood, outside of the St. Louis area, he is the Conductor for the Metropolitan Ballet of Topeka, where he conducts The Nutcracker every December. Dr. Burke also conducted Amahl and the Night Visitors in Jefferson City, Missouri and he teaches voice at East Central College in Union and St. Louis University. He conducts concerts most summers with the Asuncion Symphony where he is the Principal Guest Conductor, while in Paraguay, he also works with the National Youth Orchestra. In Summer 2009, he performed concerts in Tucuman, Argentina, Dr. Burke has served as Conductor/Music Director of the Lawrence Chamber Players, the Hutchinson Symphony, and the McPherson Symphony. He has been on the faculties of Baker University, Sterling College, Hutchinson Community College, Dr. Burke is an active member of Unitarian Universalists Musicians Network. He served as a member of the UUA New Hymn Resource Task Force, singing the Journey debuted at the 2005 UUA General Assembly to enthusiastic reviews. Dr. Burke has won the Arts for Life Award for Best Achievement in Musical Direction for his work with Spotlight Theater’s production of Titanic in 2003. Other productions with the Spotlight Theater were honored with nominations for Best Musical Production, all the nominated productions were performed at Marquette High School during the summers. Dr. Leon Burke III is on the roster of conductors for the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra. He made his SLSO concert conducting debut on February 21,2009, leading the orchestra, the symphonys IN UNISON Chorus, Louis Community Chorus as part of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestras annual Lift Every Voice, Black History Month Celebration concert. The second half of the concert featured A Tribute to Mae Wheeler, conducting, University of Kansas Fulbright Fellow, Paraguay Dr. Leon Burke has also studied with Sir Georg Solti, Leonard Slatkin, Edo de Waart, and Jorge Mester
Leon Burke III
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Leon Burke III
24.
David D. Clark
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David Dana Dave Clark is an American computer scientist and Internet pioneer who has been involved with Internet developments since the mid-1970s. He currently works as a Senior Research Scientist at MITs Computer Science and he graduated from Swarthmore College in 1966. In 1968, he received his Masters and Engineers degrees in Electrical Engineering from MIT and he received his Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering from MIT in 1973. From 1981 to 1989, he acted as chief architect in the development of the Internet, and chaired the Internet Activities Board. He has also served as chairman of the Computer Sciences and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council, in 1990 he was awarded the SIGCOMM Award in recognition of his major contributions to Internet protocol and architecture. Clark received in 1998 the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal, in 2001 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
David D. Clark
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David Dana Clark
25.
University of Miami
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The University of Miami is a private, nonsectarian research university in Coral Gables, Florida, United States. As of 2015, the university enrolls 16,848 students in 12 separate colleges/schools, the university offers 116 undergraduate,105 masters, and 63 doctoral degree programs, of which 59 are research/scholarship and four professional areas of study. Over the years, the students have represented all 50 states. With more than 14,000 full and part-time faculty and staff, uM’s main campus in Coral Gables has 239 acres and over 5.7 million square feet of buildings. In the 2017 U. S. News and World Report study of colleges and universities, Research is a component of each academic division, with UM attracting $346.6 million per year in sponsored research grants. UM offers a library system with over 3.1 million volumes and exceptional holdings in Cuban heritage. UM also offers a range of student activities, including fraternities and sororities. UMs intercollegiate athletic teams, collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes, UMs football team has won five national championships since 1983 and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982. They believed that a university would benefit their community. They were overly optimistic about future financial support for UM because the South Florida land boom was at its peak, the university began in earnest in 1925 when George E. Merrick, the founder of Coral Gables, gave 160 acres and nearly $5 million, to the effort. These contributions were land contracts and mortgages on real estate that had sold in the city. The university was chartered on April 18,1925 by the Circuit Court for Dade County. By the fall of 1926, when the first class of 372 students enrolled at UM, the boom had collapsed. For the next 15 years the university barely remained solvent, the construction of the first building on campus, now known as the Merrick Building, was left half built for over two decades due to economic difficulties. In the meantime, classes were held at the nearby Anastasia Hotel, with partitions separating classrooms, in 1929, Walsh and the other members of the Board of Regents resigned in the wake of the collapse of the Florida economy. UMs plight was so severe that students went door to door in Coral Gables collecting funds to keep it open, a reconstituted ten-member Board was chaired by UMs first president Bowman Foster Ashe. The new board included Merrick, Theodore Dickinson, E. B, douglas, David Fairchild, James H. Gilman, Richardson Saunders, Frank B. Shutts, Joseph H. Adams, and J. C, in 1930, several faculty members and more than 60 students came to UM when the University of Havana closed due to political unrest
University of Miami
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Walkway leading to the Otto G. Richter Library on the campus of the University of Miami
University of Miami
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Seal of the University of Miami
University of Miami
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The
John C. Gifford Arboretum on the University of Miami campus
University of Miami
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The Applied Marine Physics Building at UM's
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science on
Virginia Key
26.
Washington University School of Law
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Washington University School of Law is a private American law school located in St. Louis, Missouri. The law school is one of the seven graduate and undergraduate schools at Washington University in St. Louis, founded in 1867, the School of Law is the oldest continually operating private law school west of the Mississippi River. Originally, the law school was located in downtown St. Louis, but it relocated in 1904 to the Danforth Campus of Washington University in St. Louis, and is housed in Anheuser-Busch Hall. It is ranked 18th among the 203 American Bar Association approved law schools by U. S. News & World Report and its clinical training and trial advocacy programs have consistently ranked in the top ten according to the same source. For the class entering in the fall of 2016, there were 228 matriculants, the 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2015 entering class were 160 and 169, respectively, with a median of 168. The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.15 and 3.81, respectively, the 2015 edition of U. S. com recently ranked Washington University as number 1 for social life. Most of the students at Washington University School of Law are enrolled in the Juris Doctor program, JD students are required to take 86 semester hours of credit in order to graduate. In the first year of law school all students are required to take one Semester each of Contracts, Property, Torts, Civil Procedure, Constitutional Law, and Criminal Law. For the entering class of 2016 -2017 all first year students took Civil Procedure in the Spring and it remains to be seen if that scheduling practice will continue in the future. The second and third year offer more flexibility in planning the curriculum as there are only two mandatory classes. In addition to their coursework, many second and third year students participate in moot court, a scholarly publication. For students interested in a more general interdisciplinary course of study, Law for International Students, an LL. M. in Negotiation and Dispute Resolution, an LL. M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law, and an LL. M. in Taxation. This program is a program designed for non-lawyers. Students in the MLS Program may choose to study the legal system broadly or may choose to pursue focused course of study in a particular area and this program is available to students who have already completed their LL. M. studies. The program does not follow a program format. Rather, the faculty advisor will select the students JSD requirements. Washington University has one of the oldest and largest moot court programs in the country, McGee National Civil Rights, and Wiley Rutledge Moot Court Competitions. Washington University is historically one of the most accomplished American universities in the Jessup International Law Moot Court competition, from 1998-2009, Washington University has advanced from the regional competition to the Sherman & Sterling International Rounds of the competition seven times, a feat only matched by Harvard Law
Washington University School of Law
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Academics
Washington University School of Law
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Washington University School of Law
27.
Desegregation
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Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States, racial integration of society was a closely related goal. Starting with King Philips War in the 17th century, blacks served alongside whites in an environment in the North American colonies. They continued to fight in every American war integrated with whites up until the War of 1812 and they would not fight in integrated units again until the Korean War. Thousands of black men fought on the side of rebellious colonists in the American Revolutionary War and their names, accomplishments or total numbers are unknown because of poor record keeping. During the American Civil War, Blacks enlisted in large numbers and they were mostly enslaved blacks who escaped in the South, although there were many northern black Unionists as well. More than 180,000 blacks served with the Union Army and Navy during the Civil War, in segregated units known as the United States Colored Troops and they were recorded and are part of the National Park Services Civil War Soldiers & Sailors System. Around 18,000 black people also joined the Union Navy as sailors and they were recorded and are part of the National Park Services War Soldiers & Sailors System. Many African Americans served with the Confederacy as well, either forcibly or willingly is not completely clear, but many historians have agreed upon this. In the final days of the Civil War, Confederate Congress signed a law permitting freed and enslaved men to join the Confederacy, some professors state that stories of African Americans in Confederate units is evidence that the conflict may not have been completed based on slavery. Upon entering office, President Woodrow Wilson segregated the United States Navy, during World War II, most officers were white and most black troops still served only as truck drivers and as stevedores. The Red Ball Express, which was instrumental in facilitating the advance of Allied forces across France after D-Day, was operated almost exclusively by African-American truck drivers. In the midst of the Battle of the Bulge in late 1944, in World War II, the U. S. Navy first experimented with integrating the USCGC Sea Cloud, then later the USS Mason, a ship with black crew members and commanded by white officers. Some called it Eleanors folly, after President Franklin Roosevelts wife, the Masons purpose had been to allow black sailors to serve in the full range of billets rather than being restricted to stewards and messmen, as they were on most ships. The Navy was pressured to train sailors for billets by Eleanor Roosevelt. In 1948, President Harry S. Trumans Executive Order 9981 ordered the integration of the armed forces shortly after World War II, using the Executive Order meant that Truman could bypass Congress. Representatives of the Solid South, all white Democrats, would likely have stonewalled related legislation, for instance, in May 1948, Richard B. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 on July 26,1948. In June 1950 when the Selective Services Law came up for renewal, at the end of June 1950, the Korean War broke out
Desegregation
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Hate mail written in the late 1950s regarding desegregation of
Little Rock Central High School is projected over actresses
Mary-Pat Green and Gia McGlone in
Arkansas Repertory Theatre 's 2007 production of The Legacy Project: It Happened in Little Rock.
28.
John Hartford
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His most successful song is Gentle on My Mind which won three Grammy Awards and was listed in BMIs Top 100 Songs of the Century. Hartford performed with a variety of ensembles throughout his career, and is perhaps best known for his performances where he would interchange the guitar, banjo. He also invented his own shuffle tap dance move, and clogged on a piece of plywood while he played. John Hartford was the great-great-great-grandson of Karl von Rotteck and the great-great-grandson of James Overton Broadhead and his grandfather, Edwin Marvin Hartford, was a first cousin to Tennessee Williams. Harford was born on December 30,1937 in New York City to parents Dr. Carl and he spent his childhood in St. Louis, Missouri. There he was exposed to the influence that would shape much of his career, from the time he got his first job on the river, at age 16, Hartford was on, around, or singing about the river. His early musical influences came from the broadcasts of the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Hartford said often that the first time he heard Earl Scruggs pick the banjo changed his life. By age 13, Hartford was an accomplished fiddler and banjo player. Hartford formed his first bluegrass band while still in school at John Burroughs School. He immersed himself in the music scene, working as a DJ, playing in bands. In 1965, he moved to Nashville, the center of the music industry. In 1966, he signed with RCA Victor and produced his first album, Looks at Life, in 1967, Hartfords second album Earthwords & Music spawned his first major songwriting hit, Gentle On My Mind. His recording of the song was only a modest success, but it caught the notice of Glen Campbell, who recorded his own version, at the 1968 Grammys, the song netted four awards, two of which went to Hartford. Hartford played banjo and sang the harmonies on the Guthrie Thomas song. He also played with The Byrds on their album Sweetheart of the Rodeo and his success on the Smothers Brothers series was enough that Hartford was offered the lead role in a TV detective series but he turned it down to move back to Nashville and concentrate on his music. He also was a regular on The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour, during the years 1968-1970, Hartford recorded four more albums for RCA, The Love Album, Housing Project, John Hartford, and Iron Mountain Depot. In 1971, he moved over to Warner Bros, records, where he was given more freedom to record in his untraditional style. Of the former, Sam Bush said Without Aereo-Plain, there would be no newgrass music, Hartfords Grammy-winning Mark Twang features Hartford playing solo, reminiscent of his live solo performances playing the fiddle, guitar, banjo, and amplified plywood for tapping his feet
John Hartford
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Hartford at
MerleFest, 2000
29.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
Grammy Award
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Grammy Awards
Grammy Award
30.
Gentle on My Mind (song)
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Gentle on My Mind is a song written by John Hartford, which won four 1968 Grammy Awards. Hartford himself won the award for Best Folk Performance and Best Country & Western Song, the other two awards Best Country & Western Solo Vocal Performance, Male and Best Country & Western Recording, went to American country music singer Glen Campbell for his version of Hartfords song. It was released in June 1967 as the single from the album of the same name. It was re-released in July 1968 to more success, Glen Campbells version has received over 5 million plays on the radio. Campbell used Gentle on My Mind as the theme to his variety show. The song was ranked number 16 on BMIs Top 100 Songs of the Century, Hartford reported that he was inspired to write the song after seeing the film Doctor Zhivago when his own memories took over, and that it took about thirty minutes to write down. Campbell heard Hartfords original version on the radio and decided at once that he wanted to record it, at the time, Campbell was under contract with Capitol Records as a solo artist but had little success in establishing a name for himself. Campbell gathered some of his fellow Wrecking Crew session players to come into the Capitol studio to record a version that he could pitch to his producer Al De Lory. Between phrases and stanzas, Campbell would yell instructions to the players and he then left the rough recording for his producer to listen to. De Lory fell in love, not only with the song, without telling Campbell, he took the tape back into the studio and removed the unwanted verbiage from between the phrases. He then released the recording, which became a mega-hit for Campbell when it was released a second time in the wake of By the Time I Get to Phoenix. American singer Aretha Franklin recorded the song in 1969 and released it as a single as the B-side to I Cant See Myself Leaving You. Her version peaked at number 76 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart, the song was featured on her album Soul 69. American singer Dean Martin recorded the song in 1968 and released it as a single and his version peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles chart and number 9 on the U. S. Billboard Easy Listening chart. American singer Patti Page recorded the song in 1968 and released it as a single and her version peaked at number 66 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 7 on the U. S. Billboard Easy Listening chart. Altogether it has been recorded by over 300 different artists, though Campbells version remains the best known in the United States, the actor/singer Leonard Nimoy covered the song for his second album Two Sides of Leonard Nimoy. The album cover notes that it is the kind of song that Nimoy personally loves to sing, Elvis Presley recorded the song at American Sound Studios in Memphis in January 1969, and the song featured on the award winning album From Elvis in Memphis. Roger Miller also recorded the song for his 1968 Smash/Mercury Records release A Tender Look at Love, frank Sinatra covered the song, as well as other Glen Campbell numbers, on his 1968 album Cycles
Gentle on My Mind (song)
–
"Gentle on My Mind"
31.
Plasma (physics)
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Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. Yet unlike these three states of matter, plasma does not naturally exist on the Earth under normal surface conditions, the term was first introduced by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s. However, true plasma production is from the separation of these ions and electrons that produces an electric field. Based on the environmental temperature and density either partially ionised or fully ionised forms of plasma may be produced. The positive charge in ions is achieved by stripping away electrons from atomic nuclei, the number of electrons removed is related to either the increase in temperature or the local density of other ionised matter. Plasma may be the most abundant form of matter in the universe, although this is currently tentative based on the existence. Plasma is mostly associated with the Sun and stars, extending to the rarefied intracluster medium, Plasma was first identified in a Crookes tube, and so described by Sir William Crookes in 1879. The nature of the Crookes tube cathode ray matter was identified by British physicist Sir J. J. The term plasma was coined by Irving Langmuir in 1928, perhaps because the glowing discharge molds itself to the shape of the Crookes tube and we shall use the name plasma to describe this region containing balanced charges of ions and electrons. Plasma is a neutral medium of unbound positive and negative particles. Although these particles are unbound, they are not ‘free’ in the sense of not experiencing forces, in turn this governs collective behavior with many degrees of variation. The average number of particles in the Debye sphere is given by the plasma parameter, bulk interactions, The Debye screening length is short compared to the physical size of the plasma. This criterion means that interactions in the bulk of the plasma are more important than those at its edges, when this criterion is satisfied, the plasma is quasineutral. Plasma frequency, The electron plasma frequency is compared to the electron-neutral collision frequency. When this condition is valid, electrostatic interactions dominate over the processes of ordinary gas kinetics, for plasma to exist, ionization is necessary. The term plasma density by itself refers to the electron density, that is. The degree of ionization of a plasma is the proportion of atoms that have lost or gained electrons, even a partially ionized gas in which as little as 1% of the particles are ionized can have the characteristics of a plasma. The degree of ionization, α, is defined as α = n i n i + n n, where n i is the number density of ions and n n is the number density of neutral atoms
Plasma (physics)
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Plasma
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (physics)
Plasma (physics)
32.
Princeton University
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Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, then to the current site nine years later, Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States. The university has graduated many notable alumni, two U. S. Presidents,12 U. S. Supreme Court Justices, and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princetons alumni body. New Light Presbyterians founded the College of New Jersey in 1746 in order to train ministers, the college was the educational and religious capital of Scots-Irish America. In 1754, trustees of the College of New Jersey suggested that, in recognition of Governors interest, gov. Jonathan Belcher replied, What a name that would be. In 1756, the moved to Princeton, New Jersey. Its home in Princeton was Nassau Hall, named for the royal House of Orange-Nassau of William III of England, following the untimely deaths of Princetons first five presidents, John Witherspoon became president in 1768 and remained in that office until his death in 1794. During his presidency, Witherspoon shifted the focus from training ministers to preparing a new generation for leadership in the new American nation. To this end, he tightened academic standards and solicited investment in the college, in 1812, the eighth president the College of New Jersey, Ashbel Green, helped establish the Princeton Theological Seminary next door. The plan to extend the theological curriculum met with approval on the part of the authorities at the College of New Jersey. Today, Princeton University and Princeton Theological Seminary maintain separate institutions with ties that include such as cross-registration. Before the construction of Stanhope Hall in 1803, Nassau Hall was the sole building. The cornerstone of the building was laid on September 17,1754, during the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the countrys capital for four months. The class of 1879 donated twin lion sculptures that flanked the entrance until 1911, Nassau Halls bell rang after the halls construction, however, the fire of 1802 melted it. The bell was then recast and melted again in the fire of 1855, James McCosh took office as the colleges president in 1868 and lifted the institution out of a low period that had been brought about by the American Civil War. McCosh Hall is named in his honor, in 1879, the first thesis for a Doctor of Philosophy Ph. D. was submitted by James F. Williamson, Class of 1877. In 1896, the officially changed its name from the College of New Jersey to Princeton University to honor the town in which it resides
Princeton University
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A commemorative 3-cent stamp from 1953 celebrating the bicentennial of
Nassau Hall
Princeton University
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Seal of Princeton University
Princeton University
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John Witherspoon, President of the College (1768-94), signer of the
Declaration of Independence
Princeton University
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A Birds-eye view of campus in 1906
33.
Andrew Volpe
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Ludo is an alternative rock band from St. Louis, Missouri. The band consists of lead vocalist/guitarist Andrew Volpe, lead guitarist/back up vocalist Tim Ferrell, moog/synth and back up vocalist Tim Convy, Ludos origins can be traced to songs written while Andrew Volpe was attending John Burroughs School in Ladue, Missouri. While sitting in his car in the local Schnucks supermarket parking lot after class, Volpe penned songs that would some of Ludos first. After his sophomore year at Washington University in St. Louis, lead guitarist Tim Ferrell joined the band while home on break from the University of Notre Dame. The three adopted the name Ludo after a character in the film Labyrinth, Heltibrand soon left the band, but lead Volpe and Ferrell continued to play occasionally around St. Louis as an acoustic duo. In 2002, the moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, after Ferrell graduated from Notre Dame. Tim Convy, one of Ferrells friends from St. Louis, was added to the band after Volpe watched him sing with an 80s cover band in Columbia, Missouri. The three men performed together through early 2003, telling audiences they would return in the fall with a rhythm section, Ludo posted an ad, Bassist/drummer needed to help take over world. Bassist Marshall Fanciullo drove down to Tulsa from Omaha, Nebraska, to audition in summer 2003, after playing together for only three weeks, Ludo recorded and released their self-titled debut album in August 2003 on their own indie label, Redbird Records. The album included songs written and performed by Volpes former band. Ludos first show as a band was at a bar in Indianapolis on August 8,2003. For the next few years, the band toured extensively with other Midwestern bands, including The Dog and Everything, Anything But Joey, Pomeroy and this exposure brought them moderate indie success. As Ludo continued touring, they gained a reputation as a live band. They began hosting regular themed concerts at The Pageant in St. Louis and these include HalLUDOween, A Very Ludo Christmas, and Cinco de Mustache. The opening track, Broken Bride, Part 1, was a song that stood alone before evolving into the full opera. On the subsequent tour, Ludo would perform Broken Bride in its entirety, the opera proved to be so popular that several stage adaptations have been produced by various colleges and schools. In October 2006, Ludo signed a deal with Island Records that turned Redbird Records into an Island imprint. Under the deal, the band may release noncommercial material such as Christmas albums or rock operas on the Redbird imprint, in spring 2007, Ludo headed to southern California to record their major label debut with Maroon 5 producer Matt Wallace
Andrew Volpe
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Andrew Volpe with Ludo in Buffalo, NY for Warped tour 2008
34.
Ludo (band)
–
Ludo is an alternative rock band from St. Louis, Missouri. The band consists of lead vocalist/guitarist Andrew Volpe, lead guitarist/back up vocalist Tim Ferrell, moog/synth and back up vocalist Tim Convy, Ludos origins can be traced to songs written while Andrew Volpe was attending John Burroughs School in Ladue, Missouri. While sitting in his car in the local Schnucks supermarket parking lot after class, Volpe penned songs that would some of Ludos first. After his sophomore year at Washington University in St. Louis, lead guitarist Tim Ferrell joined the band while home on break from the University of Notre Dame. The three adopted the name Ludo after a character in the film Labyrinth, Heltibrand soon left the band, but lead Volpe and Ferrell continued to play occasionally around St. Louis as an acoustic duo. In 2002, the moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, after Ferrell graduated from Notre Dame. Tim Convy, one of Ferrells friends from St. Louis, was added to the band after Volpe watched him sing with an 80s cover band in Columbia, Missouri. The three men performed together through early 2003, telling audiences they would return in the fall with a rhythm section, Ludo posted an ad, Bassist/drummer needed to help take over world. Bassist Marshall Fanciullo drove down to Tulsa from Omaha, Nebraska, to audition in summer 2003, after playing together for only three weeks, Ludo recorded and released their self-titled debut album in August 2003 on their own indie label, Redbird Records. The album included songs written and performed by Volpes former band. Ludos first show as a band was at a bar in Indianapolis on August 8,2003. For the next few years, the band toured extensively with other Midwestern bands, including The Dog and Everything, Anything But Joey, Pomeroy and this exposure brought them moderate indie success. As Ludo continued touring, they gained a reputation as a live band. They began hosting regular themed concerts at The Pageant in St. Louis and these include HalLUDOween, A Very Ludo Christmas, and Cinco de Mustache. The opening track, Broken Bride, Part 1, was a song that stood alone before evolving into the full opera. On the subsequent tour, Ludo would perform Broken Bride in its entirety, the opera proved to be so popular that several stage adaptations have been produced by various colleges and schools. In October 2006, Ludo signed a deal with Island Records that turned Redbird Records into an Island imprint. Under the deal, the band may release noncommercial material such as Christmas albums or rock operas on the Redbird imprint, in spring 2007, Ludo headed to southern California to record their major label debut with Maroon 5 producer Matt Wallace
Ludo (band)
–
Andrew Volpe with Ludo in Buffalo, NY for Warped tour 2008
35.
Fran Charles
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Fran Charles is an American television presenter for MLB Network, formerly for NFL Network. Charles received his Masters degree from the Columbia School of Journalism after completing his Bachelors degree in Communication at Stanford University, Charles began his career in broadcasting in St. Louis, Missouri as an overnight reporter, news writer and assignment editor at KSDK-TV. A year later, he became a sports anchor at WDTN in Dayton. After three years in Dayton, Charles became the sports anchor at WHDH-TV in Boston. Charles served as the announcer for the HBO Sports series Boxing After Dark from 2000 to 2007 and has also worked on KO Nation, HBO Pay-Per-View Boxing. From 2002 to 2006, Charles was the host of the golf show, PGA Tour Sunday on USA Network. He also anchored sports at the WNBC in New York City while working at NBC Sports, Charles joined NFL Network at the start of the 2006 season and shares duties as host of NFL Total Access with Rich Eisen. He also is the studio host for NFL Networks coverage of the Arena Football League, Charles was featured in EA Sports Madden NFL10 as the main host of “The Extra Point”, a weekly recap show that broke down the highs and lows in a network-style show. Charles made MLB Network debut as studio host during the 2013 World Baseball Classic on March 9, Fran Charles at the Internet Movie Database Fran Charles Bio at hbo. com
Fran Charles
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Charles in 2012.
36.
Sarah Clarke
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She currently stars as Eleanor Wish in Amazon Studios police procedural drama Bosch. Clarke was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Carolyn, a homemaker, and Ernest Clarke and she attended John Burroughs School in St. Louis, Missouri, and Indiana University, where she studied Fine Arts and Italian. During that time she dated fellow actor Paul Rudd for a short time. While a student at IU, Clarke became a member of the Kappa Alpha Theta sorority and she was initiated into the Beta chapter in 1990. Clarke first became interested in acting while studying abroad during her year in Bologna. Upon returning to the United States, she began studying architectural photography, Clarke began her acting career with an appearance in a 1999 award-winning commercial for Volkswagen. She followed this with a role in the 2000 short film Pas de deux, clarkes career soon blossomed with minor roles, including films All About George in 2000 and The Accident in 2001, as well as television shows such as Ed and Sex and the City. In 2001, Clarke auditioned for the role of CTU agent Nina Myers on 24 and she won the role on the day that filming began. The wardrobe department didnt have time to fit her, so she had to wear her own outfit for the season of filming. In her three seasons with the show, Clarke was featured in a total of 36 episodes, Clarke won a Golden Satellite Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama Series for this role. Clarke also lent her voice to 24, The Game, as her 24 character and she has guest-starred on House and Life. She played Renée Dwyer, Bella Swans mother, in Twilight and she accepted a leading role on new TNT series entitled Trust Me, opposite Eric McCormack and Thomas Cavanagh. The series premiered on January 26,2009 to positive reviews, in 2010, Clarke reprised her role as Renée Dwyer in Eclipse, the third movie in the Twilight series. In 2013, she was cast as Marla Jameson in the US version of The Tomorrow People, Clarke met her husband, Xander Berkeley, while on the set of 24 and they were married in September 2002, a year after meeting. They have two daughters, Olwyn Harper and Rowan, Sarah Clarke at the Internet Movie Database Sarah Clarke Interview at www. reviewgraveyard. com
Sarah Clarke
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Xander Berkeley and Clarke on the set of 24 in 2002.
37.
24 (television)
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24 is an American crime thriller television series produced for the Fox network, created by Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran, and starring Kiefer Sutherland as counter terrorist agent Jack Bauer. Each season, comprising 24 episodes, covers 24 hours in Bauers life using the real method of narration. Premiering on November 6,2001, the show spanned 192 episodes over eight seasons, in addition, a television film,24, Redemption, was broadcast between seasons six and seven, on November 23,2008. 24 returned as a 12-episode series titled 24, Live Another Day,24, Legacy, a spin-off series featuring new characters, premiered on February 5,2017, after Super Bowl LI. Throughout the series most of the plot elements unfold like a political thriller. At the conclusion of its season,24 became the longest-running U. S. espionage/counterterrorism-themed television drama ever. 24 is a drama that stars Kiefer Sutherland as Jack Bauer. Each episode typically follows Bauer, officials in the U. S. government, the episodes take place over the course of one hour, depicting events as they happen, in real time. Season 1 begins at midnight on the day of the California presidential primary, Season 2, set 18 months later, begins at 8,00 a. m. Season 3, set three years later, begins at 1,00 p. m, Jack must infiltrate a Mexican drug cartel to seize a deadly virus being marketed underground. President Palmer must deal with potential scandal that could cost him his presidency, Season 4, set 18 months later, begins at 7,00 a. m. Jack must save the lives of his new boss, Secretary of Defense James Heller, Season 5, set 18 months after, begins at 7,00 a. m. Jack is believed to be dead by everyone except a few of his closest friends and he is forced to resurface when some of those friends are murdered and he is framed by terrorists with connections to the American government. The acquisition of nerve gas by the terrorists poses a new threat, Season 6, set 20 months later, begins at 6,00 a. m. Jack is released after being detained in a Chinese prison following the events of Season 5, terrorists who hold a vendetta against Jack plot to set off suitcase nuclear devices in America. Later, Jack is forced to choose between those he loves and national security when the Chinese set their sights on sensitive circuitry that could trigger a war between the U. S. and Russia. Redemption, set years later, begins at 3,00 p. m. Jack finds himself caught up in a coup in the fictional African nation of Sangala
24 (television)
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An example of a 24 split screen with the running clock, from the season 7 finale
24 (television)
24 (television)
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The cast of 24, from the season 7 finale screening
24 (television)
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Kiefer Sutherland, star of 24, was critically praised for his portrayal of
Jack Bauer. The role revived his career, and won him many industry awards.
38.
Tony awards
–
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
Tony awards
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Designed by
Herman Rosse, 1949
Tony awards
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Former logo
39.
Doubt (play)
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Doubt, A Parable is a 2004 play by John Patrick Shanley. The play won the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play, the play was turned into an Academy Award-nominated film starring Philip Seymour Hoffman as Father Flynn and Meryl Streep as Sister Aloysius. The play is set in the fictional St. Nicholas Church School, in the Bronx and it opens with a sermon by Father Flynn, a beloved and progressive parish priest, addressing the importance of uncertainty. The schools principal, Sister Aloysius, a rigidly conservative nun vowed to the order of the Sisters of Charity, insists upon constant vigilance. During a meeting with a nun, Sister James, it becomes clear that Aloysius harbors a deep mistrust toward her students, her fellow teachers. Naïve and impressionable, James is easily upset by Aloysius’s severe manner, Aloysius and Father Flynn are put into direct conflict when she learns from Sister James that the priest met one-on-one with Donald Muller, St. Nicholas’ first African-American student. Mysterious circumstances lead her to believe that sexual misconduct occurred, in a private meeting purportedly regarding the Christmas pageant, Aloysius, in the presence of Sister James, openly confronts Flynn with her suspicions. He angrily denies wrongdoing, insisting that he was disciplining Donald for drinking altar wine, James is relieved by his explanation. Flynns next sermon is on the evils of gossip, Aloysius, dissatisfied with Flynns story, meets with Donalds mother, Mrs. Muller. Despite Aloysiuss attempts to shock her, Mrs. Muller says she supports her sons relationship with Flynn, before departing, she hints that Donald may be that way, and that Mr. Muller may be beating him consequently. Father Flynn eventually threatens to remove Aloysius from her if she does not back down. Aloysius informs him that she phoned the last parish he was assigned to. After declaring his innocence, the priest begins to plead with her, at which point she blackmails him and demands that he resign immediately and she then leaves the office, disgusted. Flynn calls the bishop to apply for a transfer, where, later, learning this, Aloysius reveals to Sister James that the decisive phone call was a fabrication. As a result of this, she is left with great doubt in herself, with no actual proof that Father Flynn is or is not innocent, the audience is left with its own doubt. Sister Aloysius Beauvier, The head nun and principal of St Nicholas School, driven by a high sense of duty but rigid and conservative. Father Brendan Flynn, A middle aged priest, Sister James, A young impressionable nun. Mrs. Muller, The mother of Donald Muller, the schools first black student, the New York City production, directed by Doug Hughes, was performed in one-act performance, running approximately ninety minutes
Doubt (play)
–
Doubt, A Parable
40.
Jon Hamm
–
Jonathan Daniel Jon Hamm is an American actor, director, and television producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper for the AMC television drama series, Mad Men. For much of the mid-1990s, he lived in Los Angeles, making appearances in television series Providence, The Division, What About Brian, during 2000, he made his feature movie debut in the space adventure movie Space Cowboys. The next year, he had a role in the independent comedy. He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began broadcast during July 2007 and he directed two episodes of the show. During 2008, Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction movie The Day The Earth Stood Still and his first leading movie role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen. He also had supporting roles in the movies The Town, Sucker Punch, Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in Mad Men,30 Rock, and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctors Notebook and guest roles in Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer, First Day of Camp. He provided his voice to the animated movie Shrek Forever After during 2010, Hamm was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Deborah and Daniel Hamm. His father managed a family trucking company, and his mother was a secretary and he is of German, English, and Irish descent, his surname originates with German immigrants. Hamms parents divorced when he was two old, and he lived in Missouri in Creve Coeur with his mother until her death from colon cancer. Hamm then lived with his father and his first acting role was as Winnie the Pooh for first grade. At 16, he was cast as Judas for the play Godspell and he attended John Burroughs School, a private school in Ladue, where he was a member of the football, baseball, and swim teams. During this time, he dated future actress Sarah Clarke and his father died when Jon was 20. After graduation during 1989, Hamm enrolled at the University of Texas, there, Hamm was arrested for participating with a violent hazing incident that occurred during November 1990, involving another student, Mark Sanders. Sanders was beaten with a paddle and a broom, while Hamm was leading him around the fraternity house, the incident resulted in the fraternity being ended on campus. Hamm completed the terms of a deferred adjudication, and the charges were dismissed during August 1995, Hamm then enrolled at the University of Missouri. At Missouri he answered an advertisement from a company seeking players for a production of A Midsummer Nights Dream, auditioned. Other roles followed, such as Leon Czolgosz in Assassins, after graduating during 1993 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, Hamm returned to his high school to teach eighth-grade acting
Jon Hamm
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At Paley Center in 2014
Jon Hamm
–
Hamm in November 2008
Jon Hamm
–
Hamm with former partner
Jennifer Westfeldt at the
60th Primetime Emmy Awards, 2008
Jon Hamm
–
Hamm on the set of
The Town in September 2009.
41.
Golden Globe
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe
–
The Golden Globe statuette
42.
Mad Men
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Mad Men is an American period drama television series created by Matthew Weiner and produced by Lionsgate Television. The series premiered on July 19,2007, on the cable network AMC, after seven seasons and 92 episodes, Mad Mens final episode aired on May 17,2015. According to the pilot, the phrase Mad men was a slang term coined in the 1950s by advertisers working on Madison Avenue to refer to themselves. The plot focuses on the business of the agencies as well as the lives of the characters, regularly depicting the changing moods. Season one begins in March 1960 and moves through November 1970 by the conclusion of season seven, throughout its run, Mad Men received widespread critical acclaim for its writing, acting, and historical authenticity, it has won many awards, including 16 Emmys and five Golden Globes. The show was also the first basic cable series to receive the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series and it is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time. In 2000, while working as a writer for Becker. Television producer David Chase recruited Weiner to work as a writer on his HBO series The Sopranos after reading the script in 2002. It was lively, and it had something new to say, here was someone who had written a story about advertising in the 1960s, and was looking at recent American history through that prism. Weiner and his representatives at Industry Entertainment and ICM tried to sell the script to HBO and Showtime. The Sopranos was completing its final season then, and the network happened to be getting into the market for new series programming. Weiner listed Alfred Hitchcock as an influence on the visual style of the series. He also was influenced by director Wong Kar-wai in the music, mise en scène and he also says that Mad Men would have been some sort of crisp, soapy version of The West Wing if not for The Sopranos. Tim Hunter, the director of a half-dozen episodes from the shows first two seasons, called Mad Men a very well-run show and he said, They have a lot of production meetings during pre-production. The day the script comes in we all meet for a first page turn, then theres a tone meeting a few days later where Matt tells us how he envisions it. And then theres a full crew production meeting where Matt again tells us how he envisions it. The pilot episode was shot at Silvercup Studios and various locations around New York City and it is available in high definition for showing on AMC HD and on video-on-demand services available from various cable affiliates. Each episode had a budget between US$2–2.5 million, though the episodes budget was over $3 million
Mad Men
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Mad Men
Mad Men
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Mad Men Season 5 core cast from left to right: Christina Hendricks, John Slattery, Jared Harris, Vincent Kartheiser, Jon Hamm, Robert Morse, Elisabeth Moss
43.
Ellie Kemper
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Elizabeth Claire Ellie Kemper is an American actress, comedian, and writer. Kemper gained prominence when she starred in the NBC series The Office as receptionist Erin Hannon for five seasons. After her role in The Office, Kemper was cast in a role as Kimmy Schmidt in the Netflix comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. Kemper is also known for her roles in the films Bridesmaids and 21 Jump Street. In summer 2015, she joined NBC News as a temporary co-host on NBCs morning news program, Kemper was born in Kansas City, Missouri, the second of four children of Dorothy Dotty Ann and David Woods Kemper, one of the wealthiest families in the State of Missouri. She is the granddaughter of Mildred Lane Kemper, the namesake of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum at Washington University in St. Louis, kempers father was the chairman and chief executive officer of Commerce Bancshares, a bank holding company founded by the Kemper family. She is also the sister of television writer Carrie Kemper. Kemper has Italian, English, and German ancestry, the family moved to St. Louis when Kemper was five years old. She attended Conway Elementary School in the St. Louis suburb of Ladue and then high school at John Burroughs School, one of her teachers was actor Jon Hamm, with whom she appeared in a school play. In 1999, Kemper made her debut at the Veiled Prophet Ball, Kemper graduated from Princeton University in 2002 with a Bachelor of Arts in English. At Princeton, she played hockey in the 1999 season. Her field hockey team went to the championship in her first year. She then attended the University of Oxford, where she studied at Worcester College towards a degree in English. Kemper continued her interest in comedy while in Princeton. Princetons oldest improv group, and the Princeton Triangle Club. She also appeared in a spot for Dunkin Donuts. Kemper earned her Screen Actors Guild card doing commercial advertising of a sale of tents at Kmart. The commercial featured her camping with a husband, and a shot in which a tarantula crawls across her face
Ellie Kemper
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Kemper in 2002
Ellie Kemper
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Kemper performing "Feeling Sad/Mad with Ellie Kemper" at the
Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in 2008.
Ellie Kemper
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Ellie Kemper on the red carpet at the 38th People's Choice Awards on January 11, 2012, at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, California.
44.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
–
The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24,2005 to May 16,2013. It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name, the Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons. It is co-produced by Daniels Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions, the original executive producers were Greg Daniels, Howard Klein, Ben Silverman, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant, with numerous others being promoted in later seasons. The series depicts the lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania. To simulate the look of a documentary, it is filmed in a single-camera setup. The show debuted on NBC as a replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes. The Office initially featured Steve Carell, Rainn Wilson, John Krasinski, Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast, the first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews, but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics. These seasons were included on several critics year-end top TV series lists, winning awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards. While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, earlier writers oversaw the final season, Greg Daniels served as the senior series showrunner for the first four seasons of the series and developed the British series for American television. He then left the position when he co-created the comedy series Parks and Recreation with fellow Office writer Michael Schur, Paul Lieberstein and Jennifer Celotta were named the series showrunners for the fifth season. Celotta left the series after the season and Lieberstein stayed on as showrunner for the following two seasons. He left the spot after the eighth season for the potential Dwight Schrute spin-off, The Farm. Daniels returned to the position for the ninth and final season. Other executive producers include cast members B. J. Novak, Kaling, Novak, Daniels, Lieberstein and Schur made up the original team of writers. Kaling, Novak and Lieberstein also serve multiple roles on the series, as they play regular characters on the show, as well as write, direct, credited with twenty-four episodes, Kaling is the most prolific writer on the staff. Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, who created the original British series, are credited as producers, and wrote the pilot. Merchant later directed the episode Customer Survey while Gervais appeared in the episodes The Seminar, randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, before the series aired its second episode, the writers spent time researching in offices
The Office (U.S. TV series)
–
John Krasinski (left) and
Jenna Fischer (right) were virtually unknown before the series aired.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Office cast in the third season
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Pennsylvania Paper & Supply Company tower, shown during the opening credits.
45.
David Lee (basketball)
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David Lee is an American professional basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association. He played college basketball for the Florida Gators before he was drafted 30th overall by the New York Knicks in the 2005 NBA draft, in 2010, Lee was signed and traded to the Golden State Warriors. Lee is a two-time All-Star and All-NBA Team member, and won an NBA championship with the Warriors in 2015, Lee was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He went to school at John Burroughs School and high school at Chaminade College Preparatory School. Naturally left-handed, Lee became essentially ambidextrous when he broke his left arm, Lee was a McDonalds All American and won the 2001 Slam Dunk competition. Lee was also named a high school All-American by Parade magazine. Lee accepted a scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. As a freshman in 2002, he was named to the All-Southeastern Conference freshman team by the conferences coaches, during his sophomore season in 2002–03, he averaged 11.5 points and 7 rebounds a game. Lee was named a second-team All-SEC selection in his junior in 2003–04, lees senior year, he was joined by incoming freshmen and future NBA players Al Horford, Corey Brewer, Taurean Green and Joakim Noah. The Gators went on to win the 2005 SEC Mens Basketball Tournament – the Gators first SEC Mens Basketball Tournament championship – by defeating the Kentucky Wildcats 70–53 in the tournament final. Lee was selected by the Knicks with the teams second pick in the 2005 NBA draft. Lee signed with the team on July 1,2005, Lee was installed as a starting forward for a stretch of 13 games in December 2005 and January 2006. Lee posted 23 points on 10–11 shooting, along with 15 rebounds, Lee averaged 5.1 points and 4.5 rebounds per game in his rookie season while averaging 16.9 minutes of playing time in 67 games. With an injury to Channing Frye, Lee started his first game of the season against the Chicago Bulls on November 28,2006, on December 16,2006, he was one of 10 players ejected in the Knicks–Nuggets brawl. However, he was not involved in the brawl and was not suspended by the NBA, on December 20,2006 in a double-overtime game against the Charlotte Bobcats with 0. At the All-Star break, Lee had averaged 11.1 points on 61. 05% shooting, an 80. 0% free throw percentage,10.8 rebounds and 1.8 assists in 30.9 minutes a game. On February 16,2007, Lee, playing for the Sophomores, was named the Most Valuable Player in the Rookie Challenge, finishing with 30 points on 14 of 14 shooting from the field and 11 rebounds. On February 23,2007, in a game against the Milwaukee Bucks, Lee came down on, future teammate, Andrew Boguts foot and sprained his ankle
David Lee (basketball)
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Lee with the Warriors
David Lee (basketball)
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Lee in 2007
David Lee (basketball)
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Lee with
Andrew Bogut in 2013.
David Lee (basketball)
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Lee with
Amir Johnson in 2013.
46.
National Basketball Association
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The National Basketball Association is the major mens professional basketball league in North America, and is widely considered to be the premier mens professional basketball league in the world. It has 30 teams, and is a member of USA Basketball. The NBA is one of the four professional sports leagues in the United States. NBA players are the worlds best paid athletes by average annual salary per player, the league was founded in New York City on June 6,1946, as the Basketball Association of America. The league adopted the name National Basketball Association on August 3,1949, the leagues several international as well as individual team offices are directed out of its head offices located in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue in New York City. NBA Entertainment and NBA TV studios are directed out of offices located in Secaucus, the Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1,1946, in Toronto, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, the first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that leagues 1948 title, Following the 1948–49 season, the BAA took in the remainder of the NBL, Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo. The new league had seventeen franchises located in a mix of large and small cities, as well as arenas and smaller gymnasiums. The process of contraction saw the leagues smaller-city franchises move to larger cities, the Hawks shifted from the Tri-Cities to Milwaukee in 1951, and then to St. Louis in 1955. The Rochester Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati in 1957, japanese-American Wataru Misaka broke the NBA color barrier in the 1947–48 season when he played for the New York Knicks. He remained the only player in league history prior to the first African-American, Harold Hunter. During this period, the Minneapolis Lakers, led by center George Mikan, won five NBA Championships, to encourage shooting and discourage stalling, the league introduced the 24-second shot clock in 1954. If a team does not attempt to score a goal within 24 seconds of obtaining the ball, play is stopped. In 1957, rookie center Bill Russell joined the Boston Celtics, who already featured guard Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, and went on to lead the club to eleven NBA titles in thirteen seasons. Center Wilt Chamberlain entered the league with the Warriors in 1959 and became a dominant individual star of the 1960s, russells rivalry with Chamberlain became one of the greatest rivalries in the history of American team sports. The 1960s were dominated by the Celtics, led by Russell, Bob Cousy and coach Red Auerbach, Boston won eight straight championships in the NBA from 1959 to 1966
National Basketball Association
–
The
headquarters of the National Basketball Association in the
Olympic Tower at 645
Fifth Avenue,
Midtown Manhattan,
New York City,
USA.
National Basketball Association
–
Cities that hosted teams that played for more than one season in the NBA and/or
BAA from 1947–1959. Only
New York,
Boston, and
Detroit still have the same franchise.
National Basketball Association
–
Bill Russell defending
Wilt Chamberlain in 1966.
National Basketball Association
–
Los Angeles Lakers'
Magic Johnson and Boston Celtics'
Larry Bird in Game Two of the
1985 NBA Finals at Boston Garden.
47.
Dave Sisler
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David Michael Sisler was a professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball from 1956 through 1962. Early in his career, Sisler was a starter, then later was used as a middle reliever and he reached the majors in 1956 with the Boston Red Sox after he completed a two-year obligation in the active military. After three-and-a-half seasons with the Red Sox, he was traded to the Detroit Tigers in 1959, before the 1961 season, he was selected by the Washington Senators in the 1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, for whom he played the 1961 season. He was then traded to the Cincinnati Reds in 1962, playing one season at the league level. His most productive years came with Boston, where he won 24 games from 1956 to 1958, after that, he appeared strictly as a reliever and saved a career-high 11 games for the Senators. In a seven-season career, Sisler posted a 38–44 record with a 4.33 ERA in 247 appearances, including 29 saves,12 complete games, one shutout and 656⅓ innings. Sisler retired from baseball after the 1963 season to become an investment firm executive, Sisler was born on October 16,1931, in St. Louis, Missouri, to George Sisler, a Baseball Hall of Fame player, and Kathleen. He played baseball in school and when he was 16 he went to work for his father who was a coach in the Brooklyn Dodgers organization. Dave kept statistics and was allowed to pitch. The Dodgers did not envision a future with him and did not pursue a contract due to his commitment to Princeton and future military obligation. He pitched in 21 games that season,20 as their starting pitcher, he had a 12–7 win–loss record and he did not play professional baseball in either 1954 or 1955 due to his active military service. After his military commitment, he re-joined the organization, and began the season with the Red Sox and he made his major league debut on April 26,1956, a one-inning relief appearance against the New York Yankees. His first MLB victory came seven days later, a relief appearance against the Yankees in Boston. On August 5, in his start, he pitched a seven-inning complete game 2-1 victory over the Cleveland Indians and their pitching star. In total, he appeared in 39 games his first season,14 as their starting pitcher, had a 9–8 win–loss record with three saves,98 strikeouts, and a 4.66 ERA in 142⅓ inning pitched. He tied for the AL league with a 1.000 fielding percentage by not committing a single error, on January 17,1957, Sisler was re-signed by the Red Sox. The Red Sox expected Sisler to be a candidate for a pitching rotation slot and he impressed his coaching staff during early spring practices, manager Mike Pinky Higgins commented that Sisler looks good, hes more mature and shows more confidence. When the regular season began, he was effective, winning three games against one defeat in his first four starts, including two complete game victories against the Yankees
Dave Sisler
–
Sisler in 1959, as a pitcher for the
Boston Red Sox
48.
MLB
–
Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams now play in the National League and American League, the NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs, with the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseballs first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1869,30 years after Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball, the first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1920 in baseball was known as the dead-ball era, Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1919 World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1920s, and survived potential downturns during the Great Depression, shortly after the war, baseballs color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1950s and 1960s were a time of expansion for the AL and NL, then new stadiums, Home runs dominated the game during the 1990s, and media reports began to discuss the use of anabolic steroids among Major League players in the mid-2000s. In 2006, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance-enhancing substances, today, MLB is composed of thirty teams, twenty-nine in the United States and one in Canada. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America, MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 73 million spectators in 2015. MLB is governed by the Major League Baseball Constitution and this document has undergone several incarnations since 1875, with the most recent revisions being made in 2012. Under the direction of the Commissioner of Baseball, MLB hires and maintains the sports umpiring crews, and negotiates marketing, labor, MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years, the weakened ruling granted more stability to the owners of teams and has resulted in values increasing at double-digit rates. There were several challenges to MLBs primacy in the sport between the 1870s and the Federal League in 1916, the last attempt at a new league was the aborted Continental League in 1960. The chief executive of MLB is the commissioner, Rob Manfred, the chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives, president, chief officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer. The multimedia branch of MLB, which is based in Manhattan, is MLB Advanced Media and this branch oversees MLB. com and each of the 30 teams websites. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media
MLB
–
MLB
headquarters at
245 Park Avenue,
Midtown Manhattan,
New York City, USA
MLB
–
Major League Baseball
MLB
–
National League
Baltimore Orioles, 1896
MLB
–
Cy Young, 1911 baseball card
49.
Dick Sisler
–
Richard Alan Sisler was an American player, coach and manager in Major League Baseball. A native of St. Louis, Missouri, he was the son of Hall of Fame first baseman and two-time.400 hitter George Sisler. Younger brother Dave Sisler was a pitcher in the 1950s and 1960s with four MLB teams. Listed at 6 feet 2 inches tall and 205 pounds, he batted left-handed and he was a journeyman left fielder and first baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals, Philadelphia Phillies and Cincinnati Reds. In an eight-season career, he hit.276 with 55 home runs and 360 RBI in 799 games and he made the National League All-Star team in 1950. Had Philadelphia lost, the Phillies and Dodgers would have finished in a tie for the NL championship. The home run made Sisler world-famous, Ernest Hemingway feted him in his novel The Old Man, but then I think of Dick Sisler and those great drives in the old park. There was nothing ever like them and he hits the longest ball I have ever seen. His father, George Sr. was a scout for Brooklyn in 1950, when asked after the pennant-winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, I felt awful and terrific at the same time. After managing in the leagues with the Double-A Nashville Vols and Triple-A Seattle Rainiers, Sisler became a coach for Cincinnati in 1961. In August 1964, he was promoted to acting manager when Hutchinson and he led the Reds to a 32–21 record, and the team finished in a second-place tie, one game behind the Cardinals. After his formal appointment as manager in October 1964, he brought the Reds home fourth in 1965 with an 89–73 mark before being fired at seasons end and he then returned to the major league coaching ranks with the Cardinals, San Diego Padres and New York Mets. In his late sixties, he was working with young players as an instructor in the Cardinal farm system. He died Nov.20,1998, at the age of 78 in Nashville, List of second-generation Major League Baseball players List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches Rich Ashburn. When Dick Sisler Had His Moment in the Spotlight, career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference The Deadball Era
Dick Sisler
–
Dick Sisler
Dick Sisler
–
Sisler's 1951 Bowman baseball card
50.
Scott Van Slyke
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Scott T. Van Slyke is an American professional baseball outfielder and first baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball. The son of All-Star outfielder Andy Van Slyke, he was selected by the Dodgers in the 14th round of the 2005 MLB Draft out of John Burroughs School in Missouri, scott Van Slyke was born in Chesterfield, Missouri, to Andy and Lauri Van Slyke. He grew up in St. Louis, where his father, Andy, scott is the second of four children, his older brother, A. J. played in the Cardinals minor league system from 2005-08. At the age of seven, he rescued his three-year-old brother Jared from drowning in a hot tub near the Pittsburgh Pirates spring training camp in Bradenton, Van Slyke began playing baseball at age five. He attended John Burroughs High School in Ladue, Missouri, where he was named Missouri Gatorade Player of the Year in 2005 and he was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 14th round of the 2005 amateur draft. Van Slyke made his debut with the Gulf Coast Dodgers in 2005, appearing in 24 games. He was named to the California League Post-season All-Star team in 2009 and he began 2010 with the Chattanooga Lookouts in the Double-A Southern League, and again returned to Albuquerque to finish the season. He started 2011 with Chattanooga, where he began spending time at first base. He was selected to the mid-season All-Star game, and won the MVP award in the game and he was later also selected as a post-season all-star. In 130 games, he hit.348 with 20 home runs and 92 RBI and he led the Southern League in batting average for the 2011 season, and was selected as the Dodgers Minor League Player of the Year. He was added to the Dodgers 40-man roster after the season, Van Slyke was called up to the Dodgers on May 9,2012. He made his debut that night as a hitter and recorded an RBI single in his first at-bat. He was the first Dodger to get a pinch RBI in his first at-bat since Carl Warwick on April 11,1961. Van Slyke hit his first Major League home run on May 20,2012, the three-run home run gave the Dodgers the game-winning 6-5 lead. On June 1,2012, Van Slyke was part of a record-setting Dodgers lineup that featured the sons of five former Major Leaguers and he played in a total of 27 games with the Dodgers and hit.167 with 2 home runs. In 95 games with Albuquerque, he hit.327 with 18 homers and 67 RBI, after the conclusion of the AAA season, he played with the Tiburones de La Guaira in the Venezuelan Winter League. Van Slyke was designated for assignment on December 12,2012, with Albuquerque at the start of 2013, he hit.397 with 9 homers and 30 RBI in 34 games. The Dodgers purchased his contract on May 10,2013, and he wound up splitting time between Albuquerque and Los Angeles the rest of the season
Scott Van Slyke
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Van Slyke with the Los Angeles Dodgers
Scott Van Slyke
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Van Slyke in his debut with Dodgers
Scott Van Slyke
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Van Slyke batting
