1.
Korean name
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A Korean name consists of a family name followed by a given name, as used by the Korean people in both South Korea and North Korea. In the Korean language, ireum or seongmyeong usually refers to the family name, traditional Korean family names typically consist of only one syllable. There is no name in the English language sense. Many Koreans have their names made of a generational name syllable. The generational name syllable is shared by siblings in North Korea, married men and women usually keep their full personal names, and children inherit the fathers family name. The family names are subdivided into bongwan, i. e. extended families which originate in the system used in previous historical periods. Each clan is identified by a place, and traces its origin to a common patrilineal ancestor. During periods of Mongol influence, the ruling class supplemented their Korean names with Mongolian names, some keep the original order of names, while others reverse the names to match the usual Western pattern. Fewer than 300 Korean family names were in use in 2000, for various reasons, there is a growth in the number of Korean surnames. Each family name is divided into one or more clans, identifying the city of origin. For example, the most populous clan is Gimhae Kim, that is, clans are further subdivided into various pa, or branches stemming from a more recent common ancestor, so that a full identification of a persons family name would be clan-surname-branch. Traditionally, Korean women keep their names after their marriage. In the premodern, patriarchal Korean society, people were extremely conscious of familial values, Korean women keep their surnames after marriage based on traditional reasoning that it is what they inherited from their parents and ancestors, and cannot be changed. According to traditions, each clan publishes a comprehensive genealogy every 30 years, around a dozen two-syllable surnames are used, all of which rank after the 100 most common surnames. The five most common names, which together make up over half of the Korean population, are used by over 20 million people in South Korea. After the 2015 census, it was revealed that family names were becoming more common in South Korea. Between 2000 and 2015, more than 4,800 new surnames were registered, during the census, a total of 5,582 distinct surnames were collected, 73% of which do not have corresponding hanja characters. It was also revealed that despite the surge in the number of surnames, the ratio of top 10 surnames had not changed
2.
Seoul
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The Seoul Capital Area houses up to half of the countrys population of 50.22 million people with 678,102 international residents. Situated on the Han River, Seouls history stretches back more than two years when it was founded in 18 BCE by Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It continued as the capital of Korea under the Joseon Dynasty, the Seoul Capital Area contains five UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty. Seoul is surrounded by mountains, the tallest being Mt. Bukhan, in 2015, it was rated Asias most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis. In 2014, the citys GDP per capita of $39,786 was comparable to that of France and Finland. Ranked sixth in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index, Seoul is the worlds most wired city and ranked first in technology readiness by PwCs Cities of Opportunity report. It is served by the KTX high-speed rail and the Seoul Subway, providing 4G LTE, WiFi, Seoul is connected via AREX to Incheon International Airport, rated the worlds best airport nine years in a row by Airports Council International. Lotte World Tower, a 556-metre supertall skyscraper with 123 floors, has built in Seoul and become the OECDs tallest in 2016. Its Lotte Cinema houses the worlds largest cinema screen, Seouls COEX Mall is the worlds largest underground shopping mall. Seoul hosted the 1986 Asian Games,1988 Summer Olympics,2002 FIFA World Cup, the Miss Universe 1980 pageant, a UNESCO City of Design, Seoul was named the 2010 World Design Capital. The city has known in the past by the names Wirye-seong, Hanju. During Japans annexation in Korea, Hanseong was renamed to Keijō by the Imperial authorities to prevent confusion with the hanja 漢, in reality, the ancient name of Seoul, Hanseong, originally had the meaning of big or vast. Its current name originated from the Korean word meaning city, which is believed to be derived from the word Seorabeol, which originally referred to Gyeongju. Unlike most place names in Korea, Seoul has no corresponding hanja, on January 18,2005, Seoul government officially changed its official Chinese language name to Shouer from the historic Hancheng, of which use is becoming less common. Settlement of the Han River area, where present-day Seoul is located, Seoul is first recorded as Wiryeseong, the capital of Baekje in the northeastern Seoul area. There are several city walls remaining in the area date from this time. Pungnaptoseong, a wall just outside Seoul, is widely believed to have been at the main Wiryeseong site. As the Three Kingdoms competed for this region, control passed from Baekje to Goguryeo in the 5th century
3.
South Korea
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South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The earliest Korean pottery dates to 8000 BC, with three kingdoms flourishing in the 1st century BC and its rich and vibrant culture left 19 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the third largest in the world, along with 12 World Heritage Sites. Annexed into Imperial Japan in 1910, Korea was divided after its surrender in 1945, peace has since mostly continued with the two agreeing to work peacefully for reunification and the South solidifying peace as a regional power with the worlds 10th largest defence budget. South Koreas tiger economy soared at an average of 10% for over 30 years in a period of rapid transformation called the Miracle on the Han River. A long legacy of openness and focus on innovation made it successful, today, it is the worlds fifth largest exporter with the G20s largest budget surplus and highest credit rating of any country in East Asia. It has free trade agreements with 75% of the economy and is the only G20 nation trading freely with China, the US. Since 1988, its constitution guarantees a liberal democracy with high government transparency, high personal freedoms led to the rise of a globally influential pop culture such as K-pop and K-drama, a phenomenon called the Korean Wave, known for its distinctive fashionable and trendy style. Home of the UN Green Climate Fund and GGGI, South Korea is a leader in low carbon growth, committed to helping developing countries as a major DAC. It is the third least ignorant country in the Index of Ignorance, ranking eighth highest for peaceful tolerance. It is the worlds largest spender on R&D per GDP, leading the OECD in graduates in science, the name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo in the 5th century as a form of its name. The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, the modern spelling of Korea first appeared in the late 17th century in the travel writings of the Dutch East India Companys Hendrick Hamel. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the name for the entire territory. The new official name has its origin in the ancient country of Gojoseon, in 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk. The name Daehan, which means great Han literally, derives from Samhan, however, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted, there were several groups who fought for independence, the most notable being the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the Republic of Korea was adopted as the name for the new country. Since the government only controlled the part of the Korean Peninsula
4.
University of California, Berkeley
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The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
5.
Hangul
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The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul in South Korea and as Chosŏngŭl/Chosŏn Muntcha in North Korea is the alphabet that has been used to write the Korean language since the 15th century. It was created during the Joseon Dynasty in 1443 by King Sejong the Great, in South Korea, Hangul is used primarily to write the Korean language as using Hanja in typical Korean writing had fallen out of common usage during the late 1990s. In its classical and modern forms, the alphabet has 19 consonant and 21 vowel letters, however, instead of being written sequentially like the letters of the Latin alphabet, Hangul letters are grouped into blocks, such as 한 han, each of which transcribes a syllable. That is, although the syllable 한 han may look like a single character, each syllabic block consists of two to six letters, including at least one consonant and one vowel. These blocks are arranged horizontally from left to right or vertically from top to bottom. Each Korean word consists of one or more syllables, hence one or more blocks, of the 11,172 possible Hangul syllables, the most frequent 256 have a cumulative frequency of 88. 2%, with the top 512, it reaches 99. 9%. The modern name Hangul was coined by Ju Sigyeong in 1912, han meant great in archaic Korean, and geul is the native Korean word for script. Taken together, then, the meaning is great script, as the word han had also become one way of indicating Korea as a whole the name could also potentially be interpreted as Korean script. Korean 한글 is pronounced, and in English as /ˈhɑːn. ɡʊl/ or /ˈhɑːŋɡʊl/, when used as an English word, it is often rendered without the diacritics, hangul, and it is often capitalized as Hangul, as it appears in many English dictionaries. Hankul in the Yale romanization, a system recommended for technical linguistic studies, North Koreans call it Chosŏngŭl, after Chosŏn, the North Korean name for Korea. Because of objections to the names Hangeul, Chosŏngŭl, and urigeul by Koreans in China, until the early 20th century, Hangul was denigrated as vulgar by the literate elite, who preferred the traditional hanja writing system. They gave it such names as these, Achimgeul, in the original Hanja, it is rendered as 故智者不終朝而會，愚者可浹旬而學。 Gugmun Eonmun Amgeul. Am is a prefix that signifies a noun is feminine Ahaetgeul or Ahaegeul Hangul was promulgated by Sejong the Great, the Hall of Worthies, a group of scholars who worked with Sejong to develop and refine the new alphabet, is often credited for the work. The project was completed in late December 1443 or January 1444, the publication date of the Hunmin Jeong-eum, October 9, became Hangul Day in South Korea. Its North Korean equivalent, Chosongul Day, is on January 15, various speculations about the creation process were put to rest by the discovery in 1940 of the 1446 Hunmin Jeong-eum Haerye. This document explains the design of the consonant letters according to articulatory phonetics, to assuage this problem, King Sejong created the unique alphabet known as Hangul to promote literacy among the common people. However, it entered popular culture as Sejong had intended, being used especially by women, the late 16th century, however, saw a revival of Hangul, with gasa literature and later sijo flourishing. In the 17th century, Hangul novels became a major genre, by this point spelling had become quite irregular
6.
Hanja
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Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. Borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation, hanja-mal or hanja-eo refers to words that can be written with hanja, and hanmun refers to Classical Chinese writing, although hanja is sometimes used loosely to encompass these other concepts. Because hanja never underwent major reform, they are almost entirely identical to traditional Chinese, only a small number of hanja characters are modified or unique to Korean. By contrast, many of the Chinese characters currently in use in Japan and Mainland China have been simplified, and contain fewer strokes than the corresponding hanja characters. Today, a working knowledge of Chinese characters is still important for anyone who wishes to study older texts. Learning a certain number of hanja is very helpful for understanding the etymology of Sino-Korean words, hanja are not used to write native Korean words, which are always rendered in hangul, and even words of Chinese origin—hanja-eo —are written with the hangul alphabet most of the time. A major motivation for the introduction of Chinese characters into Korea was the spread of Buddhism, the major Chinese text that introduced hanja to Koreans, however, was not a religious text but the Chinese text, Cheonjamun. One way of adapting hanja to write Korean in such systems was to represent native Korean grammatical particles, for example, Gugyeol uses the characters 爲尼 to transcribe the Korean word hăni, in modern Korean, that means does, and so. However, in Chinese, the characters are read as the expression wéi ní. This is an example of Gugyeol words where the radical is read in Korean for its meaning. Hanja was the means of writing Korean until King Sejong the Great promoted the invention of hangul in the 15th century. However, even after the invention of hangul, most Korean scholars continued to write in hanmun and it was not until the 20th century that hangul truly replaced hanja. Officially, hanja has not been used in North Korea since June 1949, additionally, many words borrowed from Chinese have been replaced in the North with native Korean words. However, there are a number of Chinese-borrowed words in widespread usage in the North. The replacement has been less total in South Korea where, although usage has declined over time, some remains in common usage in some contexts. Each hanja is composed of one of 214 radicals plus in most cases one or more additional elements, the vast majority of hanja use the additional elements to indicate the sound of the character, but a few hanja are purely pictographic, and some were formed in other ways. This dual meaning-sound reading of a character is called eumhun, the word or words used to denote the meaning are often—though hardly always—words of native Korean origin, and are sometimes archaic words no longer commonly used. South Korean primary schools abandoned the teaching of hanja in 1971 and it is taught in separate courses in South Korean high schools, separately from the normal Korean-language curriculum
7.
American Pie (film)
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American Pie is a 1999 teen sex comedy film written by Adam Herz and directed by brothers Paul and Chris Weitz, in their directorial film debut. It is the first film in the American Pie theatrical series, the film was a box-office hit and spawned three direct sequels, American Pie 2, American Wedding, and American Reunion. The film concentrates on five best friends who attend East Great Falls High, with the exception of Stifler, the guys make a pact to lose their virginity before their high school graduation. Writer Adam Herz has stated that the title refers to the quest of losing ones virginity in high school. The films theme song is Laid by James, which is also the theme for the entire franchise. In addition to the primary American Pie saga, there are four direct-to-DVD spin-off films bearing the title American Pie Presents, Band Camp, The Naked Mile, Beta House, and The Book of Love. In response to the success of American Reunion, a theatrical film. Vicky later accuses Kevin of being with her only for sex, so he must try to repair his relationship with her before the prom night. Oz, meanwhile, joins the jazz choir in an attempt to find a girlfriend. From a college girl he tried to seduce, Oz learns about sensitivity and he soon wins the attention of Heather, a girl in the choir. Jim, meanwhile, attempts to pursue Nadia, a student from Slovakia who asks Jim for help to study for an upcoming history test. After being told by Oz that third base feels like warm apple pie, he practices having sex with a pie, Stifler persuades him to set up a webcam in his room so that they can all watch Nadia changing clothes. The plan suffers a hiccup, though, when Nadia discovers Jims pornography collection and sits half-naked on his bed to read, Jim is persuaded to return to his room, where he joins Nadia, unaware that he accidentally sent the webcam link to everyone on the school list. Nadia is interested in him, but he suffers premature ejaculation twice and is unable to have sex with her. Nadias exchange family sees the video and sends her home, now leaving Jim dateless for the upcoming prom. In sheer desperation, Jim asks band camp geek Michelle Flaherty to the prom as she is apparently the only girl at his school who did not see what happened. Finch, meanwhile, pays Vickys friend, Jessica, $200 to spread rumors around the school of his sexual prowess, hoping that it will increase his chances of success. Unfortunately, he runs into trouble when Stifler, angry that a girl turned him down for the prom because she was waiting for Finch to ask her, puts a laxative into Finchs mochaccino
8.
Hikaru Sulu
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Hikaru Kato Sulu is a fictional character in the Star Trek media franchise. Originally known simply as Sulu, he was portrayed by George Takei in the original Star Trek series. Sulu also appears in the animated Star Trek series, the first six Star Trek movies, one episode of Star Trek, Voyager, and in books, comics. Sulus first name, Hikaru, appeared in a 1981 novel well over a decade after the series had ended. John Cho assumed the role of the character in both the 2009 film Star Trek and its sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond. Takei recalled Gene Roddenberry wanted the character to represent all of Asia, Roddenberry did not want a nationally specific surname, so he looked at a map and saw the Sulu Sea. He thought, Ah, the waters of that sea touch all shores, the actor recalled, historically, Sulu was a Muslim sultanate founded in 1405 until March 1915 when the Sultan abdicated when it had become part of the United States. The island province of Sulu continued to be a US territory until 1946, in the book Inside Star Trek, The Real Story, the characters name is noted as a pun on the name of vice president of Desilu Studios, Herb Solow. Novelist Vonda McIntyre first presents Hikaru as the characters first name in the novel The Entropy Effect, McIntyre derived the characters first name from The Tale of Genji. In some Japanese dubs, Commander Sulus family name is changed to Kato and this is because there is no lu syllable in Japanese, so to Japanese speakers Sulu does not sound like a Japanese name. However, in recent movies, it is slightly changed. The name スールー, is used as opposed to スル, which would be a closer transliteration, suru with short vowels in Japanese is the verb to do, and as such might also come across as odd to Japanese audiences. The fictional character Hikaru Sulu was born in San Francisco, and is of Japanese heritage and he was shown as the USS Enterprises staff physicist in the pilot episode, Where No Man Has Gone Before. An early Paramount press release described this initial conception of his character as follows, Physicist Sulu is the trim, frequently it is his assessment of the conditions on unexplored planets that finally determines when and how they will be approached, or if they can be explored at all. However, throughout the rest of the series, he served as officer and senior helmsman. Throughout the series, Sulu is shown having many interests and hobbies, including gymnastics, botany, fencing, in the episode The Naked Time, Spock observes that Sulu is at heart a swashbuckler out of the 18th century. The character is promoted to lieutenant commander some time before Star Trek, The Motion Picture, during the first five Star Trek movies, he serves as helmsman aboard both the USS Enterprise and USS Enterprise-A. He is promoted to captain and given command of the USS Excelsior three years before the events of Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country, Star Trek Generations introduces Hikarus daughter, Demora Sulu, whose origins are also depicted in Peter Davids non-canon novel The Captains Daughter
9.
Star Trek (film)
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Star Trek is a 2009 American science fiction adventure film directed by J. J. Abrams, written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Kirk and Spock aboard USS Enterprise as they combat Nero, a Romulan from their future who threatens the United Federation of Planets, the story takes place in an alternate reality because of time travel by both Nero and the original Spock. The alternate timeline was created in an attempt to free the film, the idea for a prequel film which would follow the Star Trek characters during their time in Starfleet Academy was discussed by series creator Gene Roddenberry in 1968. After the separation between Viacom and CBS Corporation, former Paramount president Gail Berman convinced CBS to allow Paramount to produce a feature film, Orci and Kurtzman, both fans of the Star Trek series, were approached to write the film and Abrams was approached to direct it. Kurtzman and Orci used inspiration from novels and graduate school dissertations as well as the series itself, principal photography commenced on November 7,2007 and ended on March 27,2008. The film was shot in locations around California and Utah. Abrams wanted to avoid using bluescreen and greenscreen, opting to use sets, heavy secrecy surrounded the films production and was under the fake working title Corporate Headquarters. Industrial Light & Magic used digital ships for the film, as opposed to the films in the franchise. Production for the film concluded by the end of 2008 and it was released in the United States and Canada on May 8,2009, to critical acclaim. Critics praised the development as well as the storyline in the film. Star Trek became a box office success, grossing over $385.7 million worldwide against its budget of $150 million. The DVD and Blu-ray for the film were released on October 19,2010, the film is followed by two sequels, Star Trek Into Darkness and Star Trek Beyond with a fourth having been announced. In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS Kelvin is investigating a storm in space. A Romulan ship, Narada, emerges from the storm and attacks Kelvin, naradas first officer, Ayel, demands that Kelvins Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an Ambassador Spock, naradas commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking Kelvin. George Kirk, Kelvins first officer, orders the ships personnel, including his pregnant wife Winona, Kirk sacrifices his life to ensure Winonas survival as she gives birth to James T. Kirk. Seventeen years later on the planet Vulcan, a young Spock is accepted to join the Vulcan Science Academy, realizing that the Academy views his human mother Amanda as a disadvantage, he joins Starfleet instead. On Earth, Kirk becomes a reckless but intelligent young adult, three years later, Commander Spock accuses Kirk of cheating during the Kobayashi Maru simulation
10.
Star Trek (film series)
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Reruns of the series proved to be wildly successful in syndication during the 1970s, which persuaded the series then-owner, Paramount Pictures, to expand the franchise. Paramount originally began work on a Star Trek feature film in 1975 after lobbying by the creator of the franchise, the studio scrapped the project two years later in favor of creating a television series, Star Trek, Phase II, with the original cast. Five more films featuring the original cast followed. The cast of the 1987–1994 spin-off series Star Trek, The Next Generation starred in a further four films, a sequel to Star Trek, Star Trek Into Darkness, was released in theaters on May 16,2013. A second sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released on July 22,2016, the Star Trek films have received 15 Academy Award nominations. Star Trek won for Best Makeup in 2010, and four of the films were nominated mainly in the areas of makeup, music, set design. The early Star Trek films, the first to film, were originally released on VHS. Later films were released on LaserDisc as well. For those films that did not receive an initial DVD release, later, the first ten films were released in two-disc collectors versions, with The Motion Picture and The Wrath of Khan branded as directors cuts, followed by later box set releases. All of the films are now available on Blu-ray, digital download, streaming media, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry first suggested the idea of a Star Trek feature in 1969. When the original series was cancelled, he lobbied to continue the franchise through a film. The success of the series in syndication convinced the studio to work on a feature film in 1975. A series of writers attempted to craft a suitably epic script, Paramount instead planned on returning the franchise to its roots with a new television series, Star Trek, Phase II. The massive worldwide box office success of Star Wars in mid-1977 sent Hollywood studios to their vaults in search of similar properties that could be adapted or re-launched to the big screen. Principal photography for Star Trek, The Motion Picture commenced August 7,1978 with director Robert Wise helming the feature, the production encountered difficulties and slipped behind schedule, with effects team Robert Abel and Associates proving unable to handle the films large amount of effects work. Douglas Trumbull was hired and given a check to complete the effects work in time and location. The film introduced an upgrade to the technology and starship designs, many of the set elements created for Phase II were adapted and enhanced for use in the first feature films. The film received mixed reviews critics, while it grossed $82,258,456
11.
Asian Americans
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Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. The term refers to a group that includes diverse populations who have ancestral origins in East Asia, Southeast Asia, or South Asia. This includes people who indicate their race on the census as Asian or reported entries such as Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other Asian. Asian Americans with no other ancestry comprise 4. 8% of the U. S. population, although migrants from Asia have been in parts of the contemporary United States since the 17th century, large-scale immigration did not begin until the mid-18th century. Nativist immigration laws during the 1880s-1920s excluded various Asian groups, eventually prohibiting almost all Asian immigration to the continental United States, after immigration laws were reformed during the 1940s-60s, abolishing national origins quotas, Asian immigration increased rapidly. Analyses of the 2010 census have shown that Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial or ethnic minority in the United States, starting in the first few years of the 2000 decade, Asian American earnings began exceeding all other racial groups for both men and women. For example, in 2008 Asian Americans had the highest median household income overall of any racial demographic, in 2012, Asian Americans had the highest educational attainment level and median household income of any racial demographic in the country. In 2015, Asian American men were the highest earning racial group as they earned 117% as much as white American men, once country of birth and other demographic factors are taken into account, Asian Americans are no more likely than non-Hispanic whites to live in poverty. As with other racial and ethnicity based terms, formal and common usage have changed markedly through the history of this term. Prior to the late 1960s, people of Asian ancestry were referred to as Oriental, Asiatic. Today, Asian American is the term for most formal purposes, such as government and academic research. The most commonly used definition of Asian American is the US Census Bureau definition, which all people with origins in the Far East, Southeast Asia. This is chiefly because the census definitions determine many government classifications, notably for equal opportunity programs, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, Asian person in the United States is sometimes thought of as a person of East Asian descent. In vernacular usage, Asian is often used to refer to those of East Asian descent or anyone else of Asian descent with epicanthic eyefolds. This differs from the U. S. Census definition and the Asian American Studies departments in many universities consider all those of East, before 1980, Census forms listed particular Asian ancestries as separate groups, along with white and black or negro. Asian Americans had also been classified as other, in 1977, the federal Office of Management and Budget issued a directive requiring government agencies to maintain statistics on racial groups, including on Asian or Pacific Islander. The 1980 census marked the first classification of Asians as a large group, by the 1990 census, Asian or Pacific Islander was included as an explicit category, although respondents had to select one particular ancestry as a subcategory. The 2000 census onwards separated the category into two separate ones, Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, the definition of Asian American has variations that derive from the use of the word American in different contexts
12.
Better Luck Tomorrow
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Better Luck Tomorrow is a 2002 crime-drama film directed by Justin Lin. The movie is about Asian American overachievers who become bored with their lives and enter a world of petty crime, Better Luck Tomorrow introduced film audiences to a cast including Parry Shen, Jason Tobin, Sung Kang, Roger Fan, and John Cho. The film was based loosely on the murder of Stuart Tay, in its first ever film acquisition, MTV Films eventually acquired Better Luck Tomorrow after it debuted at The Sundance Film Festival. After meeting at the National Association of Broadcasters convention in Las Vegas, Nevada in April 2001, the director said, Out of desperation, I called up MC Hammer because he had read the script and liked it. Two hours later, he wired the money we needed into a bank account, Ben Manibag and his friend Virgil Hu are lying in the sun discussing college admissions, but hearing a cell phone ringing, begin digging in the dirt and soon uncover a human hand. Ben and Virgil are stereotypical overachieving Asian-Americans whose singular goal is to gain acceptance into highly prestigious Ivy League universities, Ben is involved in many school clubs, mainly to pad his college application. He makes the team, though he ends up receiving only token playing time. At the same time, Ben develops a crush on his new lab partner, Stephanie Vandergosh, after meeting Daric Loo, senior valedictorian and president of nearly every student club, Ben becomes part of a school-wide cheat sheet operation. Ben pays Jesus, another student, to steal the tests from the school office, Ben also brings in Virgil and Han into the operation, and the four of them make a small fortune. Meanwhile, Ben has fallen for Stephanie and he discovers that her boyfriend, Steve Choe, seems to take her for granted. Steve discovers Bens crush and offers to let him take her to the Winter Formal, as a member of the Academic Decathlon team with Daric, Virgil and Han, the practices at Darics house devolve into drinking parties. Later, the group, now intoxicated, arrive at a party, a fight results in Daric pulling out a gun, stopping the fight. At school the day, news of the fight spreads around school. They gradually expand into more dangerous scams, such as the theft of parts from the school. They become users themselves, with Ben developing a cocaine habit. Ben feels increasingly conflicted as he feels stifled by the expectations that others have of him, on his birthday, he wakes up with a nosebleed as a result of his cocaine use, which scares him into changing his life. He tells the group that he wants to quit, Daric agrees with him, adding that their operation has become a full-time job. Daric presents a gun from the three of them to Ben for his birthday, Virgil continues the operation on his own, but is soon exposed thanks to his own carelessness and bragging
13.
Shopping for Fangs
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Shopping for Fangs is a 1997 film directed by Americans Quentin Lee and Justin Lin. Housewife Katherine loses consciousness and lost her phone as a result. Lesbian waitress Trinh sends her sexually suggestive messages and pictures, katherines husband works with a man by the name of Phil. The films budget was less than $100,000 and had a schedule of 21 days in Los Angeles. Lee and Lin separated the filming between themselves, with Lee filming the part with Katherine and Lin filming the part with Phil and it was released by Lins company Margin Films. The term GenerAsian X may have been coined because of this films release, Lee said in a 2012 interview, Shopping for Fangs is about finding connections, which is a theme that threads through all my movies. He also said, It’s hard to quantify cultural impact, but certainly years after, scholars, david Noh, writing for Film Journal, said, Under the circumstances, the actors manage to do rather nicely. Edward Guthmann, of San Francisco Chronicle, wrote, Despite some fresh ideas, attractive actors and a sly, surprising performance by Chin as the disaffected Katherine, the film was released on DVD on October 6,2009 by Pathfinder Home Entertainment
14.
Yellow (1998 film)
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Yellow is a 1998 film directed by Chris Chan Lee. The film is about the graduation night of eight Korean–American high school youths in Los Angeles that culminates in a violent crime that will forever change their lives. Yellow was invited to over a dozen film festivals, including the Los Angeles Film Festival, the Singapore International Film Festival, the film received a U. S. release by Phaedra Cinema and is sold worldwide through Cinema Arts. The film stars John Cho and Jason Tobin, yellow at the Internet Movie Database
15.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nations prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Department of Justice, Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U. S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, although many of the FBIs functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence. Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint and these overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a domestic function. The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation and its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935. The FBI headquarters is the J. Edgar Hoover Building, located in Washington, in the fiscal year 2012, the Bureaus total budget was approximately $8.12 billion. In 1896, the National Bureau of Criminal Identification was founded, the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley created an urgent perception that America was under threat from anarchists. The Departments of Justice and Labor had been keeping records on anarchists for years, the Justice Department had been tasked with the regulation of interstate commerce since 1887, though it lacked the staff to do so. It had made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the breakage of the Oregon land fraud scandal at approximately the turn of the 20th Century, President Roosevelt instructed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte to organize an autonomous investigative service that would report only to the Attorney General. Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for personnel, on May 27,1908, the Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by the Justice Department, citing fears that the new agency would serve as a secret police department. Again at Roosevelts urging, Bonaparte moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Investigation was created on July 26,1908, after the Congress had adjourned for the summer. Attorney General Bonaparte, using Department of Justice expense funds, hired thirty-four people, including veterans of the Secret Service. Its first Chief was Stanley Finch, Bonaparte notified the Congress of these actions in December 1908. The bureaus first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the White Slave Traffic Act, or Mann Act, in 1932, the bureau was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition, in the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI. J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure
16.
Science fiction
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Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a literature of ideas. Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a range of subgenres and themes. Author and editor Damon Knight summed up the difficulty, saying science fiction is what we point to when we say it, a definition echoed by author Mark C. Glassy, who argues that the definition of science fiction is like the definition of pornography, you do not know what it is, in 1970 or 1971William Atheling Jr. According to science fiction writer Robert A, rod Serlings definition is fantasy is the impossible made probable. Science fiction is the improbable made possible, Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. Science fiction elements include, A time setting in the future, in alternative timelines, a spatial setting or scenes in outer space, on other worlds, or on subterranean earth. Characters that include aliens, mutants, androids, or humanoid robots, futuristic or plausible technology such as ray guns, teleportation machines, and humanoid computers. Scientific principles that are new or that contradict accepted physical laws, for time travel, wormholes. New and different political or social systems, e. g. utopian, dystopian, post-scarcity, paranormal abilities such as mind control, telepathy, telekinesis Other universes or dimensions and travel between them. A product of the budding Age of Reason and the development of science itself. Isaac Asimov and Carl Sagan considered Keplers work the first science fiction story and it depicts a journey to the Moon and how the Earths motion is seen from there. Later, Edgar Allan Poe wrote a story about a flight to the moon, more examples appeared throughout the 19th century. Wells The War of the Worlds describes an invasion of late Victorian England by Martians using tripod fighting machines equipped with advanced weaponry and it is a seminal depiction of an alien invasion of Earth. In the late 19th century, the scientific romance was used in Britain to describe much of this fiction. This produced additional offshoots, such as the 1884 novella Flatland, the term would continue to be used into the early 20th century for writers such as Olaf Stapledon. In the early 20th century, pulp magazines helped develop a new generation of mainly American SF writers, influenced by Hugo Gernsback, the founder of Amazing Stories magazine. In 1912 Edgar Rice Burroughs published A Princess of Mars, the first of his series of Barsoom novels, situated on Mars
17.
FlashForward
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FlashForward is a U. S. television series, adapted for television by Brannon Braga and David S. Goyer, which aired for one season on ABC between September 24,2009, and May 27,2010. It is based on the 1999 novel Flashforward by Canadian science fiction writer Robert J. Sawyer, during this blackout, people see what appear to be visions of their lives on April 29,2010, a global flashforward six months into the future. In May 2010, ABC announced that FlashForward had been cancelled, the season finale for Season 1 was shot before it was known the show would be cancelled and showed another flashforward event happening more than 20 years in the future. This more closely followed the book, which featured a flashforward that viewed 21.5 years into the future. Meanwhile, personal revelations contained within the flashforwards occupy the lives of the principal characters. Other characters grapple with similarly unexpected or surprising revelations in their flashforwards, joseph Fiennes as FBI Special Agent Mark Benford – Marks flashforward guides the investigation of the events of October 6. The husband of Olivia Benford and father of Charlie Benford, he is a recovering alcoholic, in his flashforward, he sees himself working on the Mosaic investigation when armed masked men enter his office. He also sees himself drinking, which he tries to hide from his wife, john Cho as FBI Special Agent Demetri Noh – Mark Benfords partner at the FBI. He had no flashforward and fears that means he will die and he is engaged to Zoey, a lawyer who believed her flashforward was about their wedding until she realized it was possibly his funeral. Demetri survives March 15, the date he was supposed to have been killed, vance as FBI Assistant Director Stanford Wedeck – head of the FBI Los Angeles field office. He oversees Mark Benfords team and the October 6 investigation and his flashforward shows him on a toilet reading a newspaper. Sonya Walger as Dr. Olivia Benford – Marks wife and a surgeon at a major hospital. In her flashforward, she is involved with Dr. Lloyd Simcoe. They meet when she treats his son, Dylan. Christine Woods as FBI Special Agent Janis Hawk – works at the Los Angeles field office as part of Mark Benfords team, in her vision she was pregnant and having a sonogram, which she finds hard to believe because she is single and a lesbian. She is in charge of watching over Simon later in the series, in Queen Sacrifice, it was revealed that she is a mole reporting to those responsible for the blackout to keep tabs on the FBIs investigation. Jack Davenport as Dr. Lloyd Simcoe – an academic at Stanford, lloyds estranged wife and mother of his son died during the blackout. He has a son with autism, Dylan, who knows Olivia and his research partner is Simon Campos, and Lloyd believes they are responsible for the blackout but, according to Simons uncle, Teddy, they only amplified it, causing it to affect the whole world
18.
Sitcom
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A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries, a situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the programs production format. The effect of a studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track. The terms situational comedy or sitcom werent commonly used until the 1950s, there were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be Pinwrights Progress, ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many U. S. UK sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation, in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies Bless This House and Are You Being Served, had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time. In 1981, Daily at Dawn was the first Australian comedy series to feature a gay character. In 1987, Mother and Son was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission, in 2013, Please Like Me was praised by the critics, receiving an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris. And has garnered three awards and numerous nominations, nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series. Conversely, however, Canadian television has had greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series. The popular show King of Kensington, aired from 1975 to 1980, corner Gas, which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards, other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included Call Me Fitz and Schitts Creek, Letterkenny and Kims Convenience. Sitcoms started appearing on Indian television in the 1980s, with serials like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, since it ceased production in 1992, the show has earned an estimated billion in syndication fees alone for Televisa. Gliding On, a popular sit-com in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama. The first Russian sitcom series was Strawberry, which was aired in 1996-1997 on the RTR channel, however, the boom of Russian sitcoms began only in the 2000s - when in 2004 the STS started very successful sitcom My Fair Nanny. Since that time sitcoms in Russia were produced by the two largest entertainment channels of the country - STS and TNT, in 2007 the STS released the first original domestic sitcom - Daddys Daughters, and in 2010 TNT released Interns - the first sitcom, filmed as a comedy. Most American sitcoms generally include episodes of 20 to 30 minutes in length, some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the U. S
19.
Off Centre
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Off Centre is an American sitcom that aired on The WB network from October 14,2001 to October 31,2002. Created by Chris Weitz, Paul Weitz, and Danny Zuker, the series was centered on the lives of two friends, British stud Euan Pierce and play-it-safe American Mike Platt, after they move into the posh Hadley Building on New Yorks Centre Street. Rounding out the cast were Mikes girlfriend, Liz Lombardi, their friend, Vietnamese restaurant owner Chau Presley. Among the skeletons in his closet are his fruity middle name, loosely based on Chris Weitzs university friend and subsequent roommate Euan Rellie. Mike went on to a career at a video game company before working as the sound guy for porn films. Mike dated Liz for over a year, and his attempts to break up with her during the first episode of the season were thwarted when she dumped him first. Before Eddie Kaye Thomas was cast as Mike, both Will Friedle and Josh Radnor were attached to the role at one time. Liz Lombardi – Mikes girlfriend for over a year, Liz was frequently seen trying to get Mike to better himself, Chau Presley – Chau is Mike and Euans Vietnamese restaurateur friend. His restaurant is called Qui Nhon, some of his wacky antics consists of accidentally burning Mikes apartment, making money betting at illegal cock fights, and dating a homeless girl who showed signs of being mentally insane. He is the most free-spirited of the group and he is frequently looking for new schemes to attract the ladies, some of which work, and some of which dont. His excuses and explanations are frequently outlandish and he once claimed that Euan had a bedspread made of puppies in order to woo a contestant on The Real World away from him. Nathan Cole aka Status Quo – A Grammy-Award-winning rapper often followed by his posse people MC French and DJ Cheddar and he secretly enjoys cooking, owned a fastidiously groomed standard poodle named DArtagnan, is close friends with Martha Stewart and once briefly dated Cher. He had a crush on Liz, but they refrained from pursuing a relationship, realizing that they couldnt risk their friendship. Dr. Barry Wasserman – Appears in The Unkindest Cut and P. P, played by Eugene Levy, Wasserman is a urologist who inexplicably has a large cult following. Dedicated to his work, he calls his car The Penismobile and he is allegedly the urologist of choice for P. Diddy, Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan, which makes him irresistible to women. Wasserman moved into the Hadley building after his committed suicide. He frequently makes jokes about his wife that no one finds funny. Jordan – Introduced as a sort of counterpart to Chau, Jordan is Lizs friend
20.
Sleepy Hollow (TV series)
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Sleepy Hollow is an American supernatural drama television series that premiered on Fox on September 16,2013. The series is based on the 1820 Halloween short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving with added concepts from Rip Van Winkle. The series is set in real-life Sleepy Hollow, New York, in October 2013, Sleepy Hollow was renewed for a second season with 13 episodes. The season was extended to 18 episodes in May 2014, early in March 2015, Sleepy Hollow showrunner Mark Goffman left the series after the second season. On March 18,2015, Sleepy Hollow was renewed for an 18-episode third season by Fox with a new showrunner, Clifton Campbell, on May 13,2016, Fox renewed the show for a fourth season which premiered on January 6,2017. In 1781, Ichabod Crane works for George Washington as a double agent, Crane beheads a Horseman, who doesnt die, in desperation, Crane wins with a mutual blow. However, Crane next awakes in 2013 Sleepy Hollow with Washingtons bible to guide him, he meets Lt. Abigail Mills, and learns the Horseman is back. Crane learns he and Abbie are the Witnesses and the Horseman is Death, should he get his head back, or his master, Moloch, be released from Purgatory, the End of Days will occur. Crane also learns his wife, Katrina, was a witch banished to Purgatory for saving him as his blunder linked his life with the Horsemans. They manage to defeat Moloch, but at the cost of releasing everything trapped in Purgatory, henry gets Katrina to side with him to awaken the descendants of their coven, but both are regretfully killed by Crane. In the following months, Crane investigates all myths regarding the Witnesses, the second comes in the form of Pandora, and her master the Hidden One. As Moloch is dead, Crane gives the Horseman back his head, allowing him to destroy Pandora, however, the head is sucked into her box, unfortunately, this battle cost Abigail her soul. Learning that there always be two Witnesses, Crane vows to find her replacement to face the last five Tribulations. Tom Mison as Ichabod Crane, Esq. soldier of the revolutionary war, Ichabod Crane also acts as both a Sheriffs consultant and an FBI consultant whilst working with Mills. M. T. The rest of the first season, all of the second season, the remainder of the third season was filmed in Conyers and Lawrenceville, Georgia, in the metro Atlanta area. Aerial footage for the series is filmed over the village of Sleepy Hollow. Sleepy Hollow airs simultaneously on Global in Canada, for the third season, the show moved to CTV Two. In India, it airs on Star World Premiere HD and on Star World India, in Australia, the series premiered on September 17,2013 on Network Ten
21.
Selfie (TV series)
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Selfie is an American romantic comedy series starring Karen Gillan and John Cho. The program, which was created and executive produced by Emily Kapnek for Warner Bros, television, debuted on ABC during the 2014–15 television season. The series premiered on September 30,2014, the pilot was made available early through video on demand and online streaming media on August 20,2014. The show was canceled by ABC on November 7,2014, on November 13, ABC announced that they would pull the remaining episodes of Selfie and replace them with encore episodes of Shark Tank and Thanksgiving/Christmas specials. On November 25,2014, the first of the episodes was released online on Hulu, WatchABC. com. The rest followed on a basis, with the last episode airing on December 30,2014. The series follows the life of Eliza Dooley, a woman obsessed with the idea of achieving fame through the use of media platforms, including Instagram. She begins to worry that friending people online is not a substitute for real friendship, and she seeks help from Henry Higgs, a marketing image guru. The character names are a reference to Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins, in the play and musical, Henry is tasked with improving Elizas social status, and ends up falling in love with his own creation. The Shaw play is in inspired by the story of Pygmalion in Greek mythology. The series featured modern day music and modern day social problems, Karen Gillan as Eliza Dooley John Cho as Henry Higgs DaVine Joy Randolph as Charmonique Whitaker Allyn Rachel as Bryn, Elizas nerdy neighbor. Williams as Kevin, Charmoniques son Tim Peper as Ethan, Henrys friend at KinderKare, Ethan appeared in the pilot episode, and was in promotional images with the main cast, but left the show after that The series will premiere in Australia on streaming platform Stan in 2015. The series began on TV2 in New Zealand on August 30,2015, Selfie was nominated for the Favorite New TV Comedy Peoples Choice Award for 2014. Despite reasonable potential for the series, Selfie had problems attracting an audience, ratings slipped after the first episode to an undesirable 0.9, and remained stagnant through the season. As a result of this, ABC announced that Selfie would be cancelled unceremoniously on November 7,2014. On November 19, Kapnek tweeted that all remaining episodes of the series would be released online on Hulu, Hulu Plus, official website Selfie at the Internet Movie Database Selfie at TV. com
22.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
23.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
24.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
25.
Daly City, California
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Daly City is the largest city in San Mateo County, California, United States, with an estimated 2014 population of 106,094. Located immediately south of San Francisco, it is named in honor of businessman, archaeological evidence suggests the San Francisco Bay Area has been inhabited as early as 2700 BC. People of the Ohlone language group occupied Northern California from at least the 6th century, seven years later, in 1776, an expedition led by Juan Bautista de Anza selected the site for the Presidio of San Francisco, which José Joaquín Moraga would soon establish. Later the same year, the Franciscan missionary Francisco Palóu founded the Mission San Francisco de Asís, as part of the founding, the priests claimed the land south of the mission for sixteen miles for raising crops and for fodder for cattle and sheep. In 1778, the priests and soldiers marked out a trail to connect San Francisco to the rest of California, at the top of Mission Hill, the priests named the gap between San Bruno Mountain and the hills on the coast La Portezuela. La Portezuela was later referred to as Dalys Hill, the Center of Daly City, during Spanish rule, the area between San Bruno Mountain and the Pacific remained uninhabited. Upon independence from Spain, prominent Mexican citizens were granted land parcels to establish large ranches, Rancho Buri Buri was granted to Jose Sanchez in 1835 and covered 14,639 acres including parts of modern-day Colma, Burlingame, San Bruno, South San Francisco, and Millbrae. Rancho Laguna de la Merced was 2,219 acres acres, following the Mexican Cession of California at the end of the Mexican–American War the owners of Rancho Laguna de La Merced tried to claim land between San Bruno Mountain and Lake Merced. An 1853 US government survey declared that the area was in fact government property. There was a land rush as settlers, mainly Irish established ranches in farms in parts of what is now the neighborhoods of Westlake, Serramonte. A decade later, several families left as increase in the fog density killed grain, the few remaining families switched to dairy and cattle farming as a more profitable enterprise. In the late 19th century as San Francisco grew and San Mateo County was established, Daly City also gradually grew including homes, Daly City served as a location where San Franciscans would cross over county lines to gamble and fight. As tensions built in approach to the American Civil War, California was divided between pro-slavery, and Free Soil advocates, two of the main figures in the debate were US Senator David C. Broderick, a Free Soil advocate and David S. Terry who was in favor of extension of slavery into California. Quarreling and political fighting between the two led to a duel in the Lake Merced area at which Terry mortally wounded Broderick. The site of the duel is marked with two shafts were the men stood, and designated is California Historical Landmark number 19. On the morning of April 18,1906 a major earthquake struck just off the coast of Daly City near Mussel Rock. After quake and subsequent fire destroyed many San Franciscans homes, they left to temporary housing on the ranches of the area to the south, including the large one owned by John Daly
26.
Monterey Park, California
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Monterey Park is a hillside suburban city in Los Angeles County, California, United States,7 miles east of Downtown Los Angeles. The citys motto is Pride in the past, Faith in the future, according to the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of 60,269. For at least seven years the land was populated by the Tongva Native Americans. The Tongva lived in dome like structures with thatched exteriors, a smoke hole for ventilation. Both sexes wore long hair styles and tattooed their bodies, during warm weather the men wore little clothes but the women would wear minimal skirts made of animal hides. During the cold weather they would wear animal skin capes and occasionally wore sandals made from hide of yucca fiber, with the arrival of the Spaniards, Old World diseases killed off many of the Tongva, and by 1870 very few Native-Americans had survived. In the early 19th century the area was part of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel mission system and later, the Rancho San Antonio. It was at time, Richard Garvey, a mail rider for the U. S. Army whose route took him through Monterey Pass. Garvey began developing the land by bringing in spring water from near the Hondo River, to pay for his development and past debts, Garvey began selling portions of his property. In 1906, the first subdivision in the area, Ramona Acres, was developed north of Garvey and east of Garfield Avenues. In 1916, the new residents of the area initiated action to become a city when the cities of Pasadena, South Pasadena, the community voted itself into cityhood on May 29,1916, by a vote of 455 to 33. The Citys new Board of Directors immediately outlawed sewage plants within city boundaries, the name was taken from an old government map showing the oak-covered hills of the area as Monterey Hills. In 1920, an area on the south edge of the city broke away. By 1920, the white and Spanish-surname settlers were joined by Asian residents who began farming potatoes and flowers and they improved the Monterey Pass Trail with a road to aid in shipping their produce to Los Angeles. The nameless pass, which had been a location for western movies, was called Coyote Pass by Pioneer Masami Abe. In 1926, near the corner of Atlantic and Garvey Avenue, in an effort to maintain quality and freshness, Lauras team would iron sheets of wax paper together to form a bag. They would fill these bags with potato chips, iron the top closed, real estate became a thriving industry during the late 1920s with investors attracted to the many subdivisions under development and increasing commercial opportunities. One such development was the Midwick View Estates by Peter N. Snyder, known as the Father of the East Side, Mr. Snyder was a key player in the vast undertaking in the 1920s of developing the East Side as part of the industrial base of Los Angeles
27.
Churches of Christ
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Churches of Christ are autonomous Christian congregations associated with one another through common beliefs and practices. They seek to base doctrine and practice on the Bible alone in order to be the church described in the New Testament, Churches of Christ in the United States have heritage in the American Restoration Movement. This evangelistic and Bible-based effort began in places as several people sought a return to the original teachings. The Restoration ideal was also similar and somewhat connected to restoration efforts in Europe. They did not see themselves as establishing a new church, the names Church of Christ, Christian Church, and Disciples of Christ were adopted by the movement because they believed these terms to be biblical, rather than denominational. Religious Census of 1906, all associated with the Restoration Movement had been reported together by the Census Bureau. The congregations in the a cappella tradition are the subject of this article, both issues highlighted differences in the groups underlying approaches to Biblical interpretation. For the Christian Churches, any practice not expressly forbidden could be considered, though not officially recognized as distinct movements until 1906, the separation of the Churches of Christ and the Christian Churches had been taking place gradually for decades. The Restoration Movement was not a purely North American phenomenon, there are now Churches of Christ in Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, Central America, and Europe. Members of the church of Christ do not conceive of themselves as a new church started near the beginning of the 19th century, rather, the whole movement is designed to reproduce in contemporary times the church originally established on Pentecost, A. D.33. The strength of the lies in the restoration of Christs original church. D. They simply identify themselves as Christians, without using any other forms of religious or denominational identification and they believe that they are recreating the New Testament church as established by Christ. In American congregations the terms Communion or body and blood are used, the term Eucharist is rarely, if ever, used. All but a small segment of churches use unfermented grape juice instead of wine), and Practice of a cappella singing. In keeping with their history, the churches of Christ claim the New Testament as their rule of faith and practice in deciding matters of doctrine. They view the Old Testament as divinely inspired and historically accurate and they believe that the New Testament demonstrates how a person may become a Christian and how a church should be collectively organized and carry out its scriptural purposes. These churches comprise about 2,000,000 members in over 40,000 individual congregations worldwide, there are approximately 13,000 congregations in the United States. Overall U. S. membership was approximately 1.8 million in 1990 and 1.9 million in 2008, estimates of the proportion of the US adult population associated with the Churches of Christ vary from 0. 8% to 1. 5%
28.
Glendale, California
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its estimated 2014 population was 200,167, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and it is located about 8 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. Glendale lies on the end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city, Glendale has one of the largest communities of Armenian descent in the United States. In 2013, Glendale was named LAs Neighborhood of the Year by the readers and editors of Curbed. com, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery contains the remains of many noted celebrities and local residents. Grand Central Airport was the point for the first commercial west-to-east transcontinental flight flown by Charles Lindbergh. The area was inhabited by the Tongva people, who were later renamed the Gabrieleños by the Spanish missionaries. Rancho San Rafael was a Spanish concession, of which 25 were made in California, unlike the later Mexican land grants, the concessions were similar to grazing permits, with the title remaining with the Spanish crown. In 1860, his grandson Teodoro Verdugo built the Verdugo Adobe, the property is the location of the Oak of Peace, where early Californio leaders including Pio Pico met in 1847 and decided to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel John C. Verdugos descendants sold the ranch in various parcels, some of which are included in present-day Atwater Village, Eagle Rock, in 1884, residents gathered to form a townsite and chose the name Glendale. Residents to the southwest formed Tropico in 1887, the Pacific Electric Railway brought streetcar service in 1904. Glendale incorporated in 1906, and annexed Tropico 12 years later, Brand loved to fly, and built a private airstrip in 1919 and hosted fly-in parties, providing a direct link to the soon-to-be-built nearby Grand Central Airport. The grounds of El Miradero are now city-owned Brand Park and the mansion is the Brand Library, Brand partnered with Henry E. Huntington to bring the Pacific Electric Railway, or the Red Cars, to the area. Today, he is memorialized by one of the main thoroughfares. The citys population rose from 13,756 in 1920 to 62,736 in 1930, the Forest Lawn Cemetery opened in 1906 and was renamed Forest Lawn Memorial-Park in 1917. Pioneering endocrinologist and entrepreneur Henry R. Harrower opened his clinic in Glendale in 1920, the American Green Cross, an early conservation and tree preservation society, was formed in 1926. In 1964, Glendale was selected by George Lincoln Rockwell to be the West Coast headquarters of the American Nazi Party and its offices, on Colorado Street in the downtown section of the city, remained open until the early 1980s. In 1977 and 1978,10 murdered women were found in, the murders were the work of Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, the latter of whom resided at 703 East Colorado Street, where most of the murders took place
29.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
30.
West Hollywood, California
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West Hollywood, occasionally referred to locally as WeHo, is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, as of the 2010 census, its population was 34,399. It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages in the United States, the citys irregular boundary is featured in its logo, it was largely formed from the unincorporated Los Angeles County area that had not become part of the surrounding cities. West Hollywood benefits from a dense, compact urban form with small lots, mixed land use. According to Walkscore, a website that ranks cities based on walkability, commercial corridors include the nightlife and dining focused on the Sunset Strip, along Santa Monica Boulevard, and the Avenues of Art & Design along Robertson, Melrose, and Beverly Boulevard. Major intersecting streets typically provide amenities within walking distance of adjacent neighborhoods, West Hollywood has a Subtropical-semi-arid climate with year-round warm weather. The record high temperature of 111 °F was recorded September 26,1963, snow is rare in West Hollywood, with the last accumulation occurring in 1949. Rainfall is sparse, and falls mainly during winter months, around 5,000 of the indigenous inhabitants from the Tongva Indian tribe canoed out to greet Juan Cabrillo. The Tongva tribe was a nation of hunter-gatherers known for their reverence of dance, by 1771, these native people had been severely ravaged by diseases brought in by the Europeans from across wide oceans. The Spanish mission system changed the name to Gabrielinos, in reference to the Mission de San Gabriel. The Gabrielinos are believed to have burned the pitch for fuel, by 1780, what became the Sunset Strip was the major connecting road for El Pueblo de Los Angeles, and all ranches westward to the Pacific Ocean. This land passed through the hands of owners during the next one hundred years. Most of this area was part of the Rancho La Brea, Sherman became the location of the railroads main shops, railroad yards, and car barns. Many working-class employees of the railroad settled in this town and it was during this time that the city began to earn its reputation as a loosely regulated, liquor-friendly place for eccentric people wary of government interference. Despite several annexation attempts, the town elected not to part of the City of Los Angeles. For many years, the area that is now the city of West Hollywood was an area in the midst of Los Angeles. Because gambling was illegal in the city of Los Angeles, but still legal in Los Angeles County and these businesses were immune from the sometimes heavy-handed law-enforcement of the L. A. Some people connected with movie-making were attracted to this area of the County
31.
East West Players
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East West Players is an Asian American theatre organization in Los Angeles, founded in 1965. As one of the nations first Asian American theatre organizations, East West Players today continues to produce works, an early statement of purpose read, To further cultural understanding between the East and West by employing the dual Oriental and American heritages of the East-West Players. EWP has premiered over 100 plays and musicals about the Asian Pacific American experience and has held over 1,000 readings and its emphasis is on building bridges between East and West, attendance estimates are 56% Asians and 44% non-Asians. In 1998, EWP Producing Artistic Director Tim Dang led the move from a 99-seat Equity Waiver black box” into a new 240-seat venue at an Actors Equity Association contract level. Notable EWP alumni include actors Mako, Nobu McCarthy, Pat Morita, James Hong, Yuki Shimoda, John Lone, Rodney Kageyama, shiomi, Judith Nihei and Soji Kashiwagi. Over seventy-five percent of all Asian Pacific performers in the acting unions living in Los Angeles have worked at EWP, 2014/16 50th Anniversary Season Animals Out of Paper, by Rajiv Joseph, directed by Jennifer Chang TAKARAZUKA
32.
American Pie 2
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American Pie 2 is a 2001 American sex comedy film and the sequel to the 1999 film American Pie and the second film in the American Pie film series. It was written by Adam Herz and David H. Steinberg, the film picks up the story of the five friends from the first film as they reunite during the summer after their first year of college. It was released in the United States on August 10,2001 and it was followed by another sequel, American Wedding. The film tells the story of five friends Jim, Kevin, Steve, Chris and Paul, much of the film takes place at a summer beach house in Grand Haven, Michigan, per Kevins older brothers suggestion. After breaking up for the summer, the four friends regroup for a party held by Stifler, their overtly sex-crazed class clown and his party is shut down thanks in part to the neighbors calling the police. Kevin is inspired by his brother to make his summer with his friends count by renting a beach home and he, Jim, Oz and Finch plan to take off to a beach house together, where they intend to spend the summer. Kevin realizes a problem and worked out that they can afford the house if they have a fifth member to work along with them. Stifler takes charge of much of the organizing, often ending up leading the group in their misadventures, Oz is miserable, being away from his girlfriend Heather who is in Spain. During the stay at the house, they proceed to start having phone sex to vent some of their loneliness. Heather later shows up early to the party, ending the storyline that Oz is involved in. After arriving in Grand Harbor they settle in, they manage to work painting a house in the area together. Jim, Stifler and Finch end up performing like for like sexual acts on each other in return for being able to watch the girls doing the same thing, Oz and Kevin take turns watching up a ladder and listening on the walkie-talkie also in the room. The conversation is accidentally picked up and heard by other people in the neighborhood. Finally at the end of the last party, Stifler manages to have a threesome with the owners of the house. After this, many concurrent stories run at the time, some interacting with each other. Nadia is coming to visit Jim in August, when she arrives early, Jim asks for help from band geek Michelle, humiliating himself in front of the audience when he pretends to be Petey, a mentally challenged boy who plays the trombone. They pretend to be in a relationship so that Nadia will not expect Jim to have sex, Nadia also realizes this and tells him, Go, get your band geek, and I will find mine. Jim goes and plays the trombone once more whilst Michelle is playing the flute at a recital in order to show her that she is the one he wants to be with
33.
American Wedding
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American Wedding is a 2003 American sex comedy film and a sequel to American Pie and American Pie 2. It is the installment in the American Pie theatrical series. It was written by Adam Herz and directed by Jesse Dylan, another sequel, American Reunion, was released nine years later. This also stands as the last film in the series to be written by Herz, while on a date in a fancy restaurant with Michelle, Jim is ready to propose to her. His father calls to him that he has the ring. Michelle misinterprets when Jim stalls the question, Jims dad arrives as Jim is receiving fellatio, and a mishap grasps the restaurants attention. Jim wants to exclude Stifler from the wedding, having concerns that Stiflers behavior isnt socially acceptable, the boys go on a road trip when they discover there is only one designer who makes the dress that Michelle wants. They go to Chicago looking for Leslie Sommers, Stifler unwittingly walks into a gay bar, Stifler challenges Bear to a dance-off, wins, and Bear offers to provide strippers for the bachelor party. Leslie reveals himself and agrees to make the dress for Michelle, Michelles parents, who were initially skeptical of Jim, agree to have a preliminary dinner with him. Michelles younger sister, Cadence, flies in for the wedding, both Finch and Stifler are attracted to her, and in an effort to win her over, they each adopt the others personality and mannerisms. Stifler arranges the bachelor party, including strippers, for everyone at Jims house except Jim, the party is abruptly halted by the unexpected return of the three. Michelle has doubts regarding that Jims paternal grandmother dislikes Michelle for not being Jewish, on the night before the wedding, Stifler inadvertently disrupts the walk-in refrigerators power supply while retrieving a bottle of champagne in an attempt to lay down Cadence. Previously, Stifler, unaware of Cadences presence, had revealed his true rude, when Stifler later returns, the flowers are dead. Enraged, Jim asks him to leave, and all the others, including Cadence, feeling guilty for his thoughtless behavior, Stifler convinces the florist to put together a new batch of flowers, and he enlists the help of his football players and Bear. As a gesture of remorse, he gives a rose to Cadence, much to the amazement of Jim. She becomes pleasant, particularly towards Stifler, making Michelle and Jims dad unknowingly happy, despite the chaotic events leading up to it, Michelle and Jim get married. At the reception, the couple dances while Stifler dances with Cadence, Finch is sitting by himself when Stiflers mom arrives. Although agreeing they are each other, Stiflers mom mentions having a double suite
34.
American Reunion
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American Reunion is a 2012 ensemble sex comedy film written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. It is the installment in the American Pie theatrical series. Thirteen years after graduating high school, Jim Levenstein, Chris Oz Ostreicher, Kevin Myers, Paul Finch. Jim lives in the Chicago area and is married to Michelle and now has a two-year-old son. Since the birth of their son, Jim and Michelles sex life has deteriorated, Oz is an NFL sportscaster living in Los Angeles with his supermodel girlfriend Mia. Kevin is married to Ellie and works from home as an architect, Finch tells his friends that he has been travelling the world, and still searching for his one true love. Stifler works as a temp at an investment firm, where he is also the victim of humiliating verbal abuse by his cold-hearted employer, former classmate John, one half of the MILF duo, organizes a Class of 1999 high school reunion in East Great Falls. Jim and Michelle return to Jims old home, where his father Noah is now a widower, Jim encounters his neighbor Kara, whom he used to babysit and who is soon to turn 18. Jim meets Oz, Kevin, and Finch at a bar, Stifler appears unexpectedly, and joins them for weekend activities. The next day, the group goes to the beach, Oz meets his high school girlfriend, Heather, who is dating a cardiologist named Ron, and Kevin reconnects with Vicky. The guys have an altercation with Karas boyfriend, A. J. and his friends and that night, most of the group go to the falls and find a high school party celebrating Karas birthday. Finch and Selena reconnect, and they fall in love, Kara gets drunk, Jim drives her home, and she tries to seduce him. They are discovered by John, who simply mistakes Kara for Michelle, Oz, Finch, and Stifler help Jim return Kara to her parents home, but A. J. spots them. Kevin wakes up next to Vicky and assumes they had sex. Jim and Michelle attend a party thrown by Stifler, hoping to recreate their prom night, Noah gets drunk and encounters Stiflers mother Jeanine for the first time. Kevin confronts Vicky about the night before, but she insists there was no sex, Mia takes ecstasy, and Ron humiliates Oz. A newly sympathetic Heather comforts Oz, and they reconcile and they are interrupted by Mia, who starts a fight with Heather. Stifler performs oral sex on a classmate named Long Lips Loni hoping she would return the favor
35.
Charmed (season 1)
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The first season of Charmed, an American supernatural drama television series created by Constance M. Burge, premiered on October 7,1998 on The WB. Airing on Wednesdays at 9,00 pm, the season consisted of 22 episodes, paramount Home Entertainment released the complete first season in a six-disc box set on February 1,2005. Shannen Doherty as Prue Halliwell Holly Marie Combs as Piper Halliwell T. W, the first was a complete season review of season one, in which Gavin comments that he has fond memories of the season, despite it not being his favourite. He further says that even the bad episodes served their purpose, List of Charmed episodes at the Internet Movie Database List of Charmed season 1 episodes at TV. com Charmed at epguides. com
36.
Ghost
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In folklore, a ghost is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living. Descriptions of ghosts vary widely from a presence to translucent or barely visible wispy shapes, to realistic. The deliberate attempt to contact the spirit of a person is known as necromancy. The belief in the existence of an afterlife, as well as manifestations of the spirits of the dead is widespread, certain religious practices—funeral rites, exorcisms, and some practices of spiritualism and ritual magic—are specifically designed to rest the spirits of the dead. Ghosts are generally described as solitary, human-like essences, though stories of ghostly armies and they are believed to haunt particular locations, objects, or people they were associated with in life. Ghosts exist as a concept only, despite centuries of investigation, the English word ghost continues Old English gást, from a hypothetical Common Germanic *gaistaz. It is common to West Germanic, but lacking in North Germanic, the pre-Germanic form was *ghoisdo-s, apparently from a root denoting fury, anger reflected in Old Norse geisa to rage. The Germanic word is recorded as only, but likely continues a neuter s-stem. The original meaning of the Germanic word would thus have been a principle of the mind, in particular capable of excitation. In Germanic paganism, Germanic Mercury, and the later Odin, was at the time the conductor of the dead. It could also denote any good or evil spirit, such as angels and demons, also from the Old English period, the word could denote the spirit of God, viz. the Holy Ghost. The now-prevailing sense of the soul of a person, spoken of as appearing in a visible form only emerges in Middle English. The synonym spook is a Dutch loanword, akin to Low German spôk, alternative words in modern usage include spectre, the Scottish wraith, phantom and apparition. The term shade in classical mythology translates Greek σκιά, or Latin umbra, haint is a synonym for ghost used in regional English of the southern United States, and the haint tale is a common feature of southern oral and literary tradition. The term poltergeist is a German word, literally a noisy ghost, wraith is a Scots word for ghost, spectre, or apparition. It appeared in Scottish Romanticist literature, and acquired the general or figurative sense of portent or omen. In 18th- to 19th-century Scottish literature, it applied to aquatic spirits. The word has no commonly accepted etymology, the OED notes of obscure origin only, an association with the verb writhe was the etymology favored by J. R. R. Tolkien
37.
Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf
38.
Kitchen Confidential (TV series)
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Bradley Cooper played the Anthony Bourdain-inspired lead character, Jack Bourdain. After the shows first three episodes aired on Fox, the show was put on due to Foxs coverage of the Major League Baseball playoffs. In November 2005, Fox announced the show would not air during sweeps, the show returned on December 5,2005, with its fourth episode, but only received 3.38 million viewers. Four days later, Fox announced the cancellation of the series, bradley Cooper as Jack Bourdain – executive chef. Once addicted to alcohol and drugs, he is given the opportunity to run Nolita, nicholas Brendon as Seth Richman – pastry chef. An old friend of Jack who has feelings for Tanya, the hostess and he also has a jealousy issue. John Francis Daley as Jim – commis chef, begs Jack to stay at Nolita so he doesnt have to go back to Utah. Later, he develops feelings for Tanya, jaime King as Tanya – hostess. The clueless and trusting hostess at Nolita, bonnie Somerville as Mimi – head waitress. The daughter of Pino, who hates the staff and tries to fit in and she later becomes the owner of Nolita. Mimi attended the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration, owain Yeoman as Steven Daedalus – sous chef. Jacks best friend, but also a thief and womanizer, in June 2006, all 13 episodes aired on Paramount Comedy 1 in the UK. In March 2006, the series aired on the Seven Network in Australia, in December 2006, the series aired on TV3 in New Zealand. In February 2007, the series began to air on The Comedy Channel in Australia, in the spring and summer of 2009, the series aired on Kuchnia. tv in Poland. In November 2009, all 13 episodes aired on Fox Life in Japan, the series has also aired in India, the Netherlands, Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey and Italy. Kitchen Confidential at the Internet Movie Database Kitchen Confidential at TV. com
39.
Anthony Bourdain
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Anthony Michael Bourdain is an American chef, author, and television personality. He is a 1978 graduate of the Culinary Institute of America, although Bourdain is no longer employed as a chef, he maintains a relationship with Les Halles in New York. He became widely known for his 2000 book Kitchen Confidential, Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly and his first food and world-travel television show was A Cooks Tour, which ran for 35 episodes on the Food Network from 2002 through 2003. In 2005 he began hosting the Travel Channels culinary and cultural adventure programs Anthony Bourdain, No Reservations, in 2013, he switched to CNN to host Anthony Bourdain, Parts Unknown. Anthony Bourdain was born in New York City, and grew up in Leonia and his parents were Pierre Bourdain, a classical music industry executive for Columbia Records, and Gladys Bourdain, a staff editor for The New York Times. Bourdain has said he was raised without religion, and that his ancestors were Catholic on his fathers side and Jewish on his mothers side. His paternal grandparents were French, his grandfather emigrated from Arcachon to New York following World War I. Bourdain has written that his love of food was kindled in his youth while on a vacation in France. He graduated from the Dwight-Englewood School in 1973 and he attended Vassar College, dropping out after two years, and at the same time working in Provincetown, Massachusetts seafood restaurants, which sparked his decision to pursue cooking as a career. Bourdain went on to attend the Culinary Institute of America, graduating in 1978, from there he went on to run various restaurant kitchens in New York City—including the Supper Club, One Fifth Avenue, and Sullivans. In 1998 he became chef at Brasserie Les Halles, based in Manhattan with additional locations at the time in Miami, Washington, D. C. and Tokyo. He remained executive chef there for many years, though Bourdain is no longer formally employed at Brasserie Les Halles, he maintains a relationship with the restaurant, where he was described as recently as January 2014 as their chef-at-large. Bourdains New York Times bestselling book Kitchen Confidential, Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly was an outgrowth of his article in The New Yorker called Dont Eat Before Reading This. A sequel to Kitchen Confidential was published in 2010, called Medium Raw, A Bloody Valentine to the World of Food, on the Internet, Bourdains blog for Season 3 of Top Chef was nominated for a Webby Award for best Blog – Cultural/Personal in 2008. In 2012, Bourdain co-wrote the original graphic novel Get Jiro. for DC Comics/Vertigo along with Joel Rose, with art by Langdon Foss. The acclaim surrounding Bourdains memoir, Kitchen Confidential, led to an offer by the Food Network to host his own food and world-travel show, A Cooks Tour and it ran for 35 episodes, through 2003. In July 2005, Bourdain premiered a new, somewhat similar television series, Anthony Bourdain, No Reservations, in July 2006, Bourdain was in Beirut filming an episode of No Reservations when the Israel-Lebanon conflict broke out. The unexpected conflict broke out after the crew had filmed only a few hours of footage for the food, wolf after Harvey Keitels character in Pulp Fiction
