John Curwen
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John Curwen was an English Congregationalist minister and diffuser of the tonic sol-fa system of music education created by Sarah Ann Glover. He was educated at Wymondley College in Hertfordshire, the
Portrait of John Curwen by William Gush, circa 1857
Curwen's Solfege hand signs, including "mental effects" for each tone.
Pierre Galin
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Pierre Galin was a French music educator, and developer of what became the Galin-Paris-Chevé system.
John Curwen
…thought that music should be easily accessible to all classes and ages of people. Apart from Glover, similar ideas had been elaborated in France by Pierre Galin (1786–1821), Aimé Paris (1798–1866) and Emile Chevé (1804–1864), whose method of teaching how to read at sight (the Galin-Paris-Chevé system) also…
The tomb of Pierre Galin in Père Lachaise Cemetery