1.
The Big Combo
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The Big Combo is a 1955 film noir crime film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and photographed by cinematographer John Alton, with music by David Raksin. The film stars Cornel Wilde, Richard Conte and Brian Donlevy, as well as Jean Wallace and it also included the final screen appearance of actress Helen Walker. Police Lt. Leonard Diamond is on a crusade to bring down sadistic gangster Mr. Brown. Hes also dangerously obsessed with Browns girlfriend, the suicidal Susan Lowell and his main objective as a detective is to uncover what happened to a woman called Alicia from the crime bosss past. Mr. Brown, his second-in-command McClure and thugs Fante and Mingo kidnap and torture the lieutenant, Diamond eventually learns through one of Browns past accomplices that Alicia was actually Browns wife. The accomplice suspects that Alicia was sent away to Sicily with former mob boss Grazzi, then murdered, tied to the boats anchor, Diamond questions a Swede named Dreyer, who was the skipper of that boat. Dreyer denies involvement, but this doesnt prevent him from being murdered by McClure within seconds after he leaves the shop, Diamond tries to persuade Susan to leave Brown and admits he might be in love with her. He shows her a photo of Brown, Alicia and Grazzi together on the boat, Susan finally confronts Brown about his wife and is told she is still alive in Sicily, Italy, living with Grazzi. Brown next orders a hit on Diamond, however, when his gunmen Fante and Mingo go to Diamonds apartment, they mistakenly shoot and kill the cops burlesque dancer girlfriend Rita instead. Diamond sees a photo of Alicia but realizes it wasnt taken in Sicily. This leads Diamond to suspect Brown didnt kill Alicia but his boss Grazzi instead, Diamond is able to track Alicia to a sanitarium, where she is staying under another name. Browns right-hand man, McClure, wants to take over and he plots with Fante and Mingo to ambush Mr. Brown, but ends up getting killed himself because they are loyal to the boss. At police headquarters, Brown shows up with a writ of habeas corpus, Brown also brings a big stash of money to Fante and Mingo while they are hiding out from the police, but the box turns out to contain a bomb that apparently kills both. Brown shoots the lieutenants partner Sam and kidnaps Susan, planning to fly away to safety, Diamond finds a witness that could finally nail the elusive gangster—Mingo, who survived the blast and confesses, sobbing over the body of his cohort, that Brown was behind it all. Alicia is able to help Diamond figure out where Brown was likely to take Susan, however, the plane doesnt show up and the film climaxes in a foggy airplane hangar shootout. Susan shines a light in Browns eyes and the lieutenant places him under arrest. The last scene shows the figures of Diamond and Susan in the fog. Its not as startlingly inventive as Lewiss best film, Gun Crazy, the staff at Variety magazine liked the films direction, music and photography, despite a rambling, not-too-credible plot
2.
Bronxville, New York
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Bronxville /ˈbrɒŋksvɪl/ is a suburban village in Westchester County, New York, located about 15 miles north of midtown Manhattan. It is part of the town of Eastchester, the village comprises 1 square mile of land in its entirety, approximately 20% of the town of Eastchester. As of the 2010 U. S. census, Bronxville had a population of 6,323, as of 2014, it was ranked 18th in the state in median income. The area, once known as Underhills Crossing, became Bronxville when the village was formally established, the population grew in the second half of the 19th century when railroads allowed commuters from Westchester County to work in New York City. Lawrences influence can be throughout the community, including the historic Lawrence Park neighborhood, the Houlihan Lawrence Real Estate Corporation. John F Kennedy, the president of the United States, also resided here for a time, the village was home to an arts colony in the early 20th century during which time many noteworthy houses by prominent and casual architects were built. After the Bronx River Parkway was completed in 1925, the Village expanded rapidly with the construction of apartment buildings. As of 1959, they continued to own or manage 97% of the rental market, in both rentals and ownership, the village discouraged and effectively prohibited Jewish residency, earning the name The Holy Square Mile. The Gramatan Hotel on Sunset Hill was a hotel in the late 19th century. Gramatan was the name of the chief of the local Siwanoy Indian tribe that was centered in the Gramatan Rock area above Bronxville Station, chief Gramatan sold the land to the settlers. The hotel was demolished in 1970, and a complex of townhouses was built on the site in 1980, elizabeth Clift Bacon, General George Armstrong Custers widow, lived in Bronxville, and her house still stands to this day. St. Josephs Catholic Church, located in the area, was attended by the Kennedys when they were residents from 1929 to about 1936. In 1958 future-senator Ted Kennedy married Joan Bennett in St. Josephs Church, in 1960, the Village voted 5,1 for Nixon over Kennedy. The US Post Office–Bronxville was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, other sites on the National Register are the Bronxville Womens Club, Lawrence Park Historic District, and Masterton-Dusenberry House. As of the 2000 census, there were 6,543 people,2,312 households and 1,660 families residing in the village, the population density was 6,869.3 per square mile. There were 2,387 housing units at a density of 2,506.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 91. 88% White,1. 15% African American,0. 05% Native American,4. 83% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,0. 73% from other races, and 1. 30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 93% of the population,24. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
Santa Cruz, California
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Santa Cruz is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California. As of 2013 the U. S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruzs population at 62,864, Santa Cruz is known for its moderate climate, the natural beauty of its coastline, redwood forests, alternative community lifestyles, and socially liberal leanings. The present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of Spanish settlement beginning in 1791, including Mission Santa Cruz, following the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, California became the 31st state in 1850. The City of Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 and chartered in April 1876, important early industries included lumber, gunpowder, lime and agriculture. Late in the 19th century, Santa Cruz established itself as a resort community. Prior to the arrival of Spanish soldiers, missionaries and colonists in the late 18th century, the diverse and numerous tribes of this region were also earlier referred to by the Spanish as Coastanoan. The term Ohlone has been used in place of Costanoan since the 1970s by some descendant groups and by most ethnographers, historians, and writers of popular literature. Awaswa was one of the eight Coastanoan languages and made up a tribe of Native Americas living in Western Santa Cruz County, the Awaswas tribe was made up of no more than one thousand people and their language is now extinct. The only remnants of their language are three local place names, Aptos, Soquel and Zayante, and the name of a native shellfish - abalone. The majority of Ohlone or Coastanoan tribes had no written language, within fifty years of the Spaniards arrival, the Ohlone or Coastanoan culture and way of life had virtually disappeared in the Bay area. The party forded the river and camped nearby on October 17,1769, franciscan missionary Juan Crespi, traveling with the expedition, noted in his diary that, This river was named San Lorenzo. Next morning, the set out again, and Crespi noted that. Santa Cruz was the mission to be founded in California. The creek, however, later lost the name, and is today as Laurel Creek because it parallels Laurel Street. It is the feeder of Neary Lagoon. One of only three towns established in California during the Spanish colonial period, the Villa was located across the San Lorenzo River. Its original main street is now North Branciforte Avenue, Villa de Branciforte later lost its civic status, and in 1905 the area was annexed into the City of Santa Cruz. In the 1820s, newly independent Mexico assumed control of the area, following the secularization of the Mission in 1834, the community that had grown up around the Mission was renamed Pueblo de Figueroa
5.
Hotchkiss School
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The Hotchkiss School is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational, college preparatory boarding school in Lakeville, Connecticut, founded in 1891. The school offers an education with grades 9–12 and a postgraduate option. Hotchkiss has a highly competitive 18% admit rate, and one of the largest private school endowments in the country, in 1891, Maria Harrison Bissell Hotchkiss, with guidance from Yale President Timothy Dwight V, founded the school to prepare young men for Yale University. In 1892, Hotchkiss opened its doors to 50 male boarding students for $600, hotchkisss endowment also precipitated scholarship aid to deserving students. In 1974, the school became coeducational, george Van Santvoord, a headmaster hailed as the Duke with an honorary dorm, claimed there was only one school rule, Be a gentleman. In 1954, TIME recognized in Education, The Duke Steps Down, Maria Hotchkiss was uninterested in establishing “a school for the pampered sons of rich gentlemen. ”The school has enrolled international students since 1896. In 1928, the joined the English-Speaking Union and established the International Schoolboy Exchange. Established by the Class of 1948, the Fund for Global Understanding enables student participation in service projects across the world. In 1953, Hotchkiss alumnus Eugene Van Voorhis incorporated the Ulysses S, the school has a 43% diverse student body, offers a School Year Abroad program, and is a member of the Global Education Benchmark Group, Round Square, and Confucius Institute International Division. In 2010, Hotchkiss partnered with Peking University High School to establish its study abroad, operating on a semester schedule, the Hotchkiss School offers a classical education,224 courses,7 foreign languages, and study abroad programs. The year prior, the Deerfield Scroll featured that many consider the Hotchkiss School to be the leader in environmental awareness among the top schools in the country. The school has a 100% college matriculation rate, and among the Classes of 2011-14,33 enrolled at Yale,19 at Harvard, and 16 at Princeton. In 2007, the Wall Street Journal listed Hotchkiss as among the schools with a success rate in matriculation at Harvard, Princeton. Its colors are Yale Blue and white, with the mascot being the bearcat, in 1933, Samuel Gottscho photographed the Hotchkiss baseball team, which appears in the Library of Congress Gottscho-Schleisner Collection. Similar boarding school include the Andover–Exeter rivalry and Choate-Deerfield rivalry. The school overlooks the Berkshires on a rural,827 acres campus featuring 13 single-sex dorms,2 lakes, and 1 forest. The Main Building serves as the academic and social center, featuring 30 SmartBoard classrooms, the Edsel Ford Memorial Library with 87, 000-volumes occupying 25,000 square feet, the school renovation project earned Robert A. M. Stern Architects the 2010 Palladio Award, with Paul Rudolph and Butler Rogers Basket contributing elements of modern architecture, when completed, farm trails will add an estimated three to five miles to the six or more that already traverse the Hotchkiss Woods
6.
Yale University
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Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony to train Congregationalist ministers, it is the third-oldest institution of education in the United States. The Collegiate School moved to New Haven in 1716, and shortly after was renamed Yale College in recognition of a gift from British East India Company governor Elihu Yale. Originally restricted to theology and sacred languages, the curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences by the time of the American Revolution. In the 19th century the school introduced graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph. D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools, the undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each schools faculty oversees its curriculum, the universitys assets include an endowment valued at $25.4 billion as of June 2016, the second largest of any U. S. educational institution. The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States, Yale College undergraduates follow a liberal arts curriculum with departmental majors and are organized into a social system of residential colleges. Almost all faculty teach courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Students compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I – Ivy League, Yale has graduated many notable alumni, including five U. S. Presidents,19 U. S. Supreme Court Justices,20 living billionaires, and many heads of state. In addition, Yale has graduated hundreds of members of Congress,57 Nobel laureates,5 Fields Medalists,247 Rhodes Scholars, and 119 Marshall Scholars have been affiliated with the University. Yale traces its beginnings to An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School, passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9,1701, the Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers, Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, the group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as The Founders. Originally known as the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson, the school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1716 the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut, the feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College, meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and it had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Lockes works and developed his original theology known as the new divinity
7.
The Yale Record
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The Yale Record is the campus humor magazine of Yale University. Founded in 1872, it became the oldest humor magazine in the world when Punch folded in 2002, the Record is currently published eight times during the academic year and is distributed in Yale residential college dining halls and around the nation through subscriptions. Content from the magazine is available online and entire issues can be downloaded in. pdf form. The Record began as a newspaper, with its first issue appearing on September 11,1872. Almost immediately, it became a home to funny writing, and later, the Record thrived immediately, and by the turn of the century had a wide circulation outside of New Haven—at prep schools, other college towns, and even New York City. As Yale became one of the bellwethers of collegiate taste and fashion, scott Fitzgerald referred to the magazine as one of the harbingers of the new, looser morality of collegians of that time. But it wasnt just laughs The Record was serving up—during the 1920s, comedy first published in the magazine was re-printed in national humor magazines like Puck and Judge. The character Whit in the Sinclair Lewis story Go East, Young Man drew caricatures for the Yale Record, from the 1920s to the 1960s, The Record placed special emphasis on cartooning, which led many of its alumni to work at Esquire magazine and especially The New Yorker. Record cartoonists during this period included Peter Arno, Reginald Marsh, Clarence Day, Julien Dedman. Osborn, James Stevenson, William Hamilton and Garry Trudeau, from 1920 through the 1940s, many Record staffers and alums contributed to College Humor, a popular nationally distributed humor magazine. Additionally, comedy first published in The Record was re-printed in national magazines like Life. By the late 1940s, the ties to The New Yorker were so strong that designers from that magazine consulted on The Records layout. By the 1950s, the Record had established the Cartoonist of the Year award, which people like Walt Kelly. In the early 1960s, cartoons and comic writing from the magazine were regularly re-printed in Harvey Kurtzmans Help, a satirical magazine that helped launch the careers of Monty Pythons Terry Gilliam, R. Crumb, Woody Allen, John Cleese, Gloria Steinem and many others. In the late 1960s, the played a integral role in editor-in-chief Garry Trudeaus creation of his epochal strip Doonesbury. Trudeau published the pre-syndication Doonesbury collection Michael J. through The Yale Record, in addition to editing the Record, Trudeau organized Record events such as a successful Annette Funicello film festival, a Tarzan film festival and a Jefferson Airplane concert featuring Sha Na Na. The 1970s and 1980s are known as the Dark Ages amongst Record staffers, boards were convened and issues were published on an intermittent basis, with issues released in 1971,1972,1973, 1976-1981,1983, and 1987. Then in 1989, Yale students Michael Gerber and Jonathan Schwarz relaunched The Record for good and their more informal, iconoclastic version of The Record proved popular, and a parody of the short-lived sports newspaper The National garnered national media attention
8.
Groton School
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Groton School is a private Episcopal college preparatory boarding school located in Groton, Massachusetts, United States. It enrolls about 370 boys and girls, from the eighth through twelfth grades, tuition, room and board and required fees in 2014-15 amounted to $56,700, 38% of the students receive financial aid. The school is a member of the Independent School League, there are many famous alumni in business, government and the professions, including Franklin D. Roosevelt. Groton School was founded in 1884 by the Rev. Endicott Peabody, a member of a prominent Massachusetts family, backed by affluent figures of the time, such as the Rt. The endowment is over $330,000,000, or approximately $890,000 per student today, Groton School received early support from the Roosevelt family, including future President Theodore Roosevelt, and filled quickly. Peabody served as headmaster of the school for fifty years. Peabody hoped to graduate men who would serve the public good, the schools motto is Cui Servire Est Regnare. Peabody was succeeded at the end of the 1940 school year by the Rev. John Crocker and he himself was a 1918 graduate of Groton School,15 members of his family were alumni. Crockers tenure included the period of the Civil Rights Movement, in September 1951, three years before the Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Education decision outlawing segregation in public schools, Groton School accepted its first African-American student. In April 1965 Crocker and his wife, accompanied by 75 Groton School students, after 25 years as headmaster at Groton School, he retired in June 1965. Temba Maqubela became the headmaster in July 2013, Groton School has changed significantly since 1884. Originally, it admitted boys, the school became coeducational in 1975. Although most students in the years were from New England and New York, its students now come from across the country. However, some remain, such as the schools commitment to public service, its small community. The school has used as a setting for several novels including Louis Auchincloss Rector of Justin. Media coverage of the came in the spring of 1999. Currently, Groton is one of three boarding schools in the country to offer free education to qualified students from families with household incomes below $75,000 a year. Grotons 385-acre campus encompasses rolling forests, expansive meadows, a portion of the Nashua river, most of the buildings on campus are situated around the Circle, which is the Schools circular common green with a circumference of 1⁄3-mile
