1.
Lansing, Michigan
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Lansing /ˈlænsɪŋ/ is the capital of the US state of Michigan. It is mostly in Ingham County, although portions of the city extend west into Eaton County, the 2010 Census placed the citys population at 114,297, making it the fifth largest city in Michigan. The population of its Metropolitan Statistical Area was 464,036, while the even larger Combined Statistical Area population and it was named the new state capital of Michigan in 1847, ten years after Michigan became a state. The Lansing Metropolitan Area, colloquially referred to as Mid-Michigan, is an important center for educational, cultural, governmental, commercial, Lansing is the only U. S. state capital that is not also a county seat. The seat of government of Ingham County is Mason, but the county maintains some offices in Lansing, the first recorded person of European descent to spot the area that is now Lansing was explorer Hugh Heward in 1790 while canoeing the Grand River. The land that was to become Lansing was surveyed as Township 4 North Range 2 West in February 1827 in what was then dense forest and it was the last of the countys townships to be surveyed, and the land was not offered for sale until October 1830. There would be no roads to this area for decades to come, in the winter of 1835 and early 1836, two brothers from New York plotted the area now known as REO Town just south of downtown Lansing and named it Biddle City. This land lay in a floodplain and was underwater during the majority of the year, nevertheless, the brothers went back to Lansing, New York, to sell plots for the town that did not exist. They told the New Yorkers this new city had an area of 65 blocks, a church,16 men bought plots in the nonexistent city, and upon reaching the area later that year found they had been scammed. Many in the group too disappointed to stay ended up settling around what is now metropolitan Lansing and those who stayed quickly renamed the area Lansing Township in honor of their home village in New York. The United States had recaptured the city in 1813, but these led to the dire need to have the center of government relocate from hostile British territory. There was also concern with Detroits strong influence over Michigan politics, during the multi-day session to determine a new location for the state capital, many cities, including Ann Arbor, Marshall, and Jackson, lobbied hard to win this designation. Unable to publicly reach a consensus because of constant political wrangling, when announced, many present openly laughed that such an insignificant settlement was now Michigans capital. Two months later, Governor William L. Greenly signed into law the act of the legislature making Lansing Township the state capital, with the announcement that Lansing Township had been made the capital, the small village quickly transformed into the seat of state government. The legislature gave the settlement the name of the Town of Michigan. In April 1848, the legislature gave the settlement the name of Lansing. It was home to the first house built in Lansing in 1843 by pioneer James Seymour, Lower Town began to develop in 1847 with the completion of the Franklin Avenue covered bridge over the Grand River. Upper Village/Town, where present-day REO Town stands at the confluence of the Grand River and it began to take off in 1847 when the Main Street Bridge was constructed over the Grand River
2.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
Lake Forest Cemetery
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Lake Forest Cemetery is a burial ground in Lake Forest, Illinois, United States. The site was first identified for burial in 1857 when the town of Lake Forest was planned, later, William Le Baron Jenney designed a winding road system and Ossian Cole Simonds developed the landscape scheme. Overcrowding of church property led to the rural cemetery movement in the mid-19th century, the movement came to the United States in 1831 with the construction of Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts. In 1857, the Laek Forest Association, a group of business leaders looking to develop a Presbyterian community, purchased a 2, 000-acre tract of land north of Chicago, Illinois along Lake Michigan. In an effort to maintain a standard of public health. Landscape architect Almerin Hotchkiss was commissioned to plan the property and he provided easy access to the cemetery from Sheridan Road yet contained it with natural ravines. On December 11,1859, the Forest Cemetery Association was founded to oversee the property, subscriptions were issued to interested parties to fund the cemeterys development. Samuel F. Miller, an engineer for the Chicago and Milwaukee Railroad. However, it provided irregularly shaped lots and a poor roadway scheme, most plots were too small for the wealthy citizens, so the few large lots were immediately purchased. This left few options that could satisfy potential buyers, the property was transferred to the City of Lake Forest in 1863. The Lake Forest City Council issued an ordinance creating a commission on June 6,1881. They began a recording of burials in 1882. The commission also decided to redesign the property. William Le Baron Jenney was tasked with developing a new roadway system, Jenney was one of the foremost Chicago architects, recently completing the First Leiter Building. He placed the new entrance to the cemetery on Lake Avenue and he completely reworked the cemetery, designing a curving road system and large lots on treeless fields. Strolling pathways were installed around circles of graves, Jenney also proposed a chapel, but this was never built. The cemetery design was revised in 1892 to accommodate the increased use of automobiles. Also that year,9 acres were donated to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago so that Catholics could be buried in the cemetery, in 1900, Ossian Cole Simonds was commissioned to improve the grounds
4.
Lake Forest, Illinois
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Lake Forest is a city located in Lake County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 19,375, the city is along the shore of Lake Michigan, and is a part of the Chicago metropolitan area and the North Shore. Lake Forest was founded around Lake Forest College and was out as a town in 1857 as a stop for travelers making their way south to Chicago. The Lake Forest City Hall, designed by Charles Sumner Frost, was completed in 1898 and originally housed the department, the Lake Forest Library. Lake Forest is located in the North Shore area of Chicago, according to the 2010 census, Lake Forest has a total area of 17.246 square miles, of which 17.18 square miles is land and 0.066 square miles is water. The Potawatomi inhabited Lake County before money and violence pushed them away in 1836, landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Jens Jensen also designed projects in Lake Forest. Market Square, designed by Howard Van Doren Shaw, was completed in 1916 as a center for Lake Forest. The secluded style of Lake Forest was no accident, indeed, country clubs became important centers of social activity in Lake Forests early years, and the Onwentsia Club was, in the words of one writer, the premiere social and sporting club in the Midwest. After-dinner entertainment included a minstrel show, one of Lake Forests most notable features is its virgin prairies and other nature preserves. In 1967, a group of 12 long-time residents of Lake Forest formed a conservation organization. In the next 38 years, the managed to acquire over 700 acres within the city limits. Preserved in perpetuity are wetlands, original pre-1830 prairie, woodland, the Ragdale Foundation, an artists community and residence, is located in Lake Forest. Formerly Howard Van Doren Shaws summer retreat and built in 1897, in 1992, Lake Forest gained national attention when it attempted to ban the sale of offensive music to anyone under the age of 18. City council members used existing ordinances against obscenity—defined in the codes as morbid interest in nudity, mayor Charles Clarke stated, If they sell an obscene tape to somebody underage, we will prosecute. The person who came up most frequently in discussions of obscene content was Ice-T, Lake Forest has been named a Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation in recognition of its commitment to community forest. As of 2006, Lake Forest had received this honor for 26 years. The actor Mr. T notably angered the town by cutting more than 100 oak trees on his estate. Commercial development in Lake Forest is focused in three areas, two of which have railway stations
5.
United States nationality law
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Article I, section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution expressly gives the United States Congress the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 sets forth the requirements for the acquisition of. Felons can vote in over 40 states, and in at least 2 while incarcerated, felons can also serve jury duty if approved. Some U. S. citizens have the obligation to serve in a jury, if selected, citizens are also required to pay taxes on their total income from all sources worldwide, including income earned abroad while living abroad. U. S. taxes payable may be reduced by credits for foreign income taxes regardless of the length of stay abroad. The United States Government also insists that U. S. citizens travel into and out of the United States on a U. S. passport, regardless of any other nationality they may possess. Male U. S. citizens from 18–25 years of age are required to register with the Selective Service System at age 18 for possible conscription into the armed forces. Although no one has been drafted in the U. S. since 1973, armed Forces, and will perform work of national importance under civilian direction. In some cases, the USCIS allows the oath to be taken without the clauses regarding the first two of these three sworn commitments, there are various ways a person can acquire United States citizenship, either at birth or later on in life. In the case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark,169 U. S, as of 2015, the United States includes all inhabited territories except American Samoa and Swains Island. INA301 and INA301 state, and one of whom has had a residence, the FAM states no amount of time specified. A persons record of birth abroad, if registered with a U. S. consulate or embassy, is proof of citizenship and they may also apply for a passport or a Certificate of Citizenship as proof of citizenship. A person born on or after November 14,1986, is a U. S. citizen if all of the following are true, a persons record of birth abroad, if registered with a U. S. consulate or embassy, is proof of citizenship. Such a person may apply for a passport or a Certificate of Citizenship to have a record of citizenship. Such documentation is often useful to prove citizenship in lieu of the availability of an American birth certificate, different rules apply for persons born abroad to one U. S. citizen before November 14,1986. United States law on this subject changed multiple times throughout the century. A person who was not born a U. S. citizen may acquire U. S. citizenship through a known as naturalization. Also during those 60 months if the permanent resident was outside of the U. S. for a continuous period of 6 months or more they are disqualified from naturalizing
6.
University of Arizona
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The University of Arizona is a public research university in Tucson, Arizona, United States. Founded in 1885, the UA was the first university in the Arizona Territory, the university operates two medical schools and is affiliated with the regions only academic medical centers. The university is home to the James E. Rogers College of Law and numerous other nationally ranked graduate. During the 2015-2016 academic year, there was an enrollment of 43,088 students. The University of Arizona is governed by the Arizona Board of Regents, the University of Arizona is one of the elected members of the Association of American Universities and is the only representative from the state of Arizona to this group. Known as the Arizona Wildcats, the teams are members of the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA. UA athletes have won titles in several sports, most notably mens basketball, baseball. The official colors of the university and its teams are UA Red. After the passage of the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862, the push for a university in Arizona grew, the University of Arizona was approved by the Arizona Territorys Thieving Thirteenth Legislature in 1885, which also selected the city of Tucson to receive the appropriation to build the university. Tucson had hoped to receive the appropriation for the mental hospital. Tucson was largely disappointed with receiving what was viewed as an inferior prize. Construction of Old Main, the first building on campus, began on October 27,1887, and classes met for the first time in 1891 with 32 students in Old Main, which is still in use today. Because there were no schools in Arizona Territory, the university maintained separate preparatory classes for the first 23 years of operation. The University of Arizona offers 334 fields of study leading to bachelors, masters, doctoral, academic departments and programs are organized into colleges and schools. Currently, grades are given on a strict 4-point scale with A worth 4, B worth 3, C worth 2, D worth 1 and E worth zero points. In 2004, there were discussions with students and faculty that may lead the UA towards eventual usage of the grading system in future years. As of December 2015, the university uses the 4-points scale. The Center for World University Rankings in 2015 ranked Arizona 68th in the world, the 2015–16 Times Higher Education World University Rankings rated University of Arizona 163rd in the world and the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings ranked it 233rd
7.
Northbrook, Illinois
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Northbrook is an affluent village on Chicagos North Shore, located at the northern edge of Cook County, Illinois, United States. When incorporated in 1901, the village was known as Shermerville in honor of Frederick Schermer, the village changed its name to Northbrook in 1923 as an effort to improve its public image. The name was chosen because the West Fork of the North Branch of the Chicago River runs through the Village, Glenbrook North High School, founded in 1953 as Glenbrook High School, is located in Northbrook. The village is home to the Northbrook Park District, founded in 1927, Northbrook Court shopping mall, the Ed Rudolph Velodrome, the Chicago Curling Club. Members of the Potawatomi tribe were the earliest recorded residents of the Northbrook area, in 1833 the Potawatomi ceded their Illinois lands and moved to a place near Council Bluffs, Iowa. Afterwards Joel Sterling Sherman and his family bought 159 acres of land in the northwest quarter of Section 10 for $1.25 per acre, as of 2010 Northbrooks downtown is located on this site. A man named Frederick Schermer donated the land used for the first railroad station, named Schermer Station and later Shermer Station, by the 1870s Shermerville was a farming community. In 1901 the community was incorporated as the Village of Shermerville after a referendum for incorporation. At the time of incorporation it had 311 residents and 60 houses, a renaming contest was held, and a man named Edward Landwehr submitted the name Northbrook. In 1923 Northbrook, the winner, was adopted, at the time Northbrook had 500 residents, after the end of World War II, Northbrooks population began to rapidly increase. Between 1950 and 1980, the population rose from 3,319 to 30,735. Northbrook is located at 42°7′45″N 87°50′27″W, according to the 2010 census, Northbrook has a total area of 13.255 square miles, of which 13.19 square miles is land and 0.065 square miles is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 33,170 people,12,642 households, the population density was 2,514.8 people per square mile. There were 13,434 housing units at a density of 1,018.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 86. 1% White,0. 6% African American,0. 04% Native American,11. 7% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 4% some other race, and 1. 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 5% of the population,22. 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14. 6% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57, and the family size was 3.03. In the village, the population was out with 23. 5% under the age of 18,4. 9% from 18 to 24,17. 0% from 25 to 44,32. 2% from 45 to 64
8.
Grosse Pointe, Michigan
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Grosse Pointe is a waterfront city adjacent to Detroit in Wayne County in the U. S. state of Michigan. The municipality covers just over one mile and had a population of 5,421 at the 2010 census. It is bordered on the west by Grosse Pointe Park, on the north by Detroit, on the east by Grosse Pointe Farms, Grosse Pointe is about eight miles east of downtown Detroit, accessible by Jefferson Avenue or several other cross streets. Grosse Pointe is one of five similarly named municipalities in northeastern Wayne County, together with The Park and The Farms, the City comprises part of the southern Pointes, which are older and more densely populated than the northern Pointes. Grosse Pointe, Grosse Pointe Farms, and Grosse Pointe Park make up the Grosse Pointe South High School district, Grosse Pointe was incorporated as a village in 1880, but at that time also included what is now Grosse Pointe Farms. The community was divided along its present lines in 1893 over issues of allowing the sale of alcohol and it was incorporated as a city in 1934. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.25 square miles. The water is part of Lake St. Clair, the street layout of Grosse Pointe is basically a grid inside of its Cadieux, Mack, and Fisher Road boundaries. Inside this small rectangle, most blocks contain rows of homes built between 1910 and 1950, on parcels 50 feet wide on average. Some streets offer large backyards, such as Washington and Lakeland, in some areas homes are configured in a traditionally urban, close-together fashion, while other nearby blocks may offer yards up to 150 feet wide. Home sizes and styles vary widely, from 1,500 to 12,000 square feet, most of the largest homes are within a few blocks of the lakefront, there are several blocks of mansions south of Kercheval Avenue. Predominant architecture includes the neo-Georgian, Tudor revival, Dutch Colonial, some Victorian homes and traditional bungalow homes can also be found, mostly just north and south of the Village retail district. Some blocks, generally just south of the Village, have townhouses, there are retail and low-rise office buildings along Kercheval Avenue in the Village district, on Fisher Road near Grosse Pointe South High School, and along Mack Avenue bordering Detroit. As of the census of 2010, there were 5,421 people,2,236 households, the population density was 5,114.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,446 housing units at a density of 2,307.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 2% White,3. 3% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 6% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 2% from other races, and 1. 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 8% of the population,30. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 14% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the family size was 3.06
9.
National Lampoon's Vacation
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John Candy, Imogene Coca, Christie Brinkley, and a young Jane Krakowski appear in supporting roles. The screenplay was written by John Hughes, based on his short story Vacation 58 which appeared in National Lampoon, the film was a box-office hit, earning more than $60 million in the US with an estimated budget of $15 million, and received positive reviews from critics. In 2000, readers of Total Film voted it the 46th greatest comedy film of all time, in August 2015 was listed as the best film in the Vacation film series by Daniel Cohen. It continues to be a film and a staple on cable television. Ellen wants to fly, but Clark insists on driving, so he can bond with his family and he has ordered a new car in preparation for the trip, but the dealer claims that it will not be ready for six weeks. Clark is forced to accept a Wagon Queen Family Truckster, an ugly, out-sized station wagon, as the car he brought to trade in has already been hauled away and crushed. After stopping at a decrepit and dirty campground in Colorado for the night, a state trooper pulls the Griswolds over and angrily lectures Clark over animal cruelty but accepts Clarks apology, Edna learns of her dogs death and becomes more irate with Clark. Exiting Colorado, Ellen loses her bag which had her credit cards, while Ellen and Clark argue during a drive between Utah and Arizona, they crash and become stranded in the desert. After setting off alone in the desert to look for help, Clark eventually reunites with his family, the mechanic extorts the remainder of Clarks cash only to make the car barely operational. Leaving, they find that Aunt Edna has died in her sleep and they tie the deceased to the roof of the car, wrapped in a tarpaulin. When they reach Normans home, they discover he is out of town, having enough of the road-trip and of the mishaps they encountered, Ellen and the children want to go back home, but Clark has become obsessed in reaching Walley World and they continue on. Ellen forgives Clark, and the couple goes skinny-dipping as well, despite the familys misfortunes, they finally arrive the next day, only to find that the park is closed for the next two weeks for repairs. Eventually, an LAPD SWAT team arrives, along with park owner Roy Walley, Roy understands Clarks impassioned longing to achieve the perfect vacation, bringing back memories of his own childhood years ago. He decides not to file charges against the Griswolds and lets the family –. During the Chicago Blizzard of 1979, writer John Hughes began developing a story entitled Vacation 58 for an issue of the National Lampoon. While the story ended up being bumped from the initial vacation-themed issue, it was published in September 1979. When I brought it to Hollywood, the first guy I brought it to was Jeff Katzenberg who was at Paramount, recalled producer Matty Simmons and he said it would never make a movie, it was too episodic, too consequential. I said, Yeah, its a road trip and you go from town to town, place to place
10.
Mr. Mom
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The film was written by John Hughes. Mr. Mom tells the story of a Detroit, Michigan auto engineer who is married and has three young children and he is forced to change places with his wife after his job is cut and he is furloughed. His wife quickly lands a job, returning to the business as an executive at a big advertising agency. Becoming a stay-at-home dad, he discovers just how tough and rewarding a job it is being a full-time parent, Jack discovers that childcare and house maintenance is a complex juggling act and his initial struggles in daily errands gains the attention and company of other neighborhood housewives. Simultaneously, he feels threatened by Carolines responsibilities and work-life as a fast climbing ad executive, however, during a tense agency pitch to a hard-to-please key client, Carolines insight as a budget-conscious housewife proves to be invaluable. He lectures them on dirty practices and storms out, the neighborhood housewives surprise him and he finds himself accompanying them to a strip club where he is hit on by a gay dancer there. He and Caroline find themselves fending off the advances of others. Carolines boss, Ron Richardson, tries to convince her to leave Jack and marry him, while Joan continues to try, after a successful commercial shoot in Los Angeles, Caroline relaxes in her hotel bathtub. Ron sneaks into her room with champagne, back home, Jack tries calling her so the kids can talk to her, but Ron answers. He hangs up, leading Jack to think shes having an affair with him, Caroline fends off Rons attempts and quits her job. The next day dawns with repair people in the home to fix a broken television, Joan stops by, and while Jack is in the bathroom, she makes herself at home in their bedroom. Realizing that she wants to sleep with him, he begins running reasons he should not have an affair with her, Caroline arrives home unexpectedly, surprising Joan on the bed, and after a confrontation, she leaves. Caroline takes her place on the bed, Jack, not realizing she is home, comes back to the bedroom. They talk over the misunderstandings that occurred concerning Rons and Joans advances, Ron stops by, begging Caroline to come back to his company, as the client thinks that only she can properly handle his account. However, she has missed spending time with her children, Jinx also comes begging for Jack to return to work. He had made too many cuts in his team and is now in danger of losing his job. Alex says something to his father while Jinx is talking and Jinx yells at him and he accepts his old job on the condition that Larry and Stan join him. On the newly repaired TV, the national commercial Caroline helped produce is being broadcast, one day Hughes told Shuler about a disastrous experience he had looking after his two children in the absence of his wife, which Shuler found hilarious
11.
Sixteen Candles
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Sixteen Candles is a 1984 American coming of age comedy film starring Molly Ringwald, Michael Schoeffling, and Anthony Michael Hall. It was written and directed by John Hughes and she is also plagued by infatuation with a popular and attractive senior, Jake Ryan. Sam panics because the quiz contains sensitive information, such as she is a virgin and is saving herself for Jake and she has a whole new set of problems when she arrives home to discover all four of her grandparents are staying at the Baker home during the wedding. One set of grandparents has brought along a bizarre foreign exchange student and they are found slow dancing in the gym. A subplot involves a geeky freshman who tries to win a bet with his friends by trying to bed his love interest. The character is referred to on several occasions in the film as either Ted or Farmer Ted, on the way home on the school bus, Sam blows him off by saying, Go to hell. In the school auto shop during the dance, Sam and Ted begin talking, upon hearing this, Ted tells her that Jake had been asking about her at the dance, and they agree that Sam should just go and talk to him. As shes leaving, Ted reveals the wager to Sam, who agrees to him her panties to help him win. Later, Ted and his equally geeky friends, Cliff and Bryce, go to the senior dance after-party. When they knock on the door, Long Duk Dong, who has come to the party with Marlene, Ted and his gang get in but they make a big mistake by knocking over the jocks beer can pyramid. Ted and Bryce leave it up to Cliff to deal with the jocks, meanwhile, upstairs in Jakes bedroom, Jake takes the opportunity to look through the yearbook and finds Sams photo. He jots down her phone-number on a scrap of paper and calls her, Jakes entire house is completely trashed. At nights end, Jake finds Ted trapped under a table, Jake inquires further about Sam, and Ted explains the situation. Jake makes a deal with Ted, If Ted lets Jake keep Sams panties, Jake will allow Ted to drive home his drunk popular girlfriend, Caroline Mulford, Jake later uses the excuse of finding them together to break up with Caroline. Teds friends filmed Ted and Caroline making out, afterward, Jake drives to the church just in time to meet an incredulous Sam after her sisters wedding. The film concludes with Sam and Jake sharing a kiss over a cake with 16 candles. John Hughes had asked his agent for headshots of young actresses, and among those he received were those of Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy. Sheedy had auditioned for the role of Sam, but was dropped because of Hughes thinking Ringwald was more fitting for the role, but he called her a year later to give her a role in The Breakfast Club
12.
Weird Science (film)
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Weird Science is a 1985 American teen comic science fiction film written and directed by John Hughes and starring Anthony Michael Hall, Ilan Mitchell-Smith, and Kelly Le Brock. The title song was written and performed by American new wave band Oingo Boingo, as of 2013, a remake of Weird Science was in development at Universal Studios, with Joel Silver returning as producer and Michael Bacall attached as screenwriter. Nerdy social outcasts Gary Wallace and Wyatt Donnelly are publicly humiliated by Ian and Max for swooning over their girlfriends Deb and Hilly. Dejected and disappointed at their direction in life and wanting more, Gary convinces the uptight Wyatt that they need a boost of popularity in order to get their crushes away from Ian and Max. After hooking electrodes to a doll and hacking into a government computer system for power, a power surge creates Lisa. Promptly, she conjures up a Cadillac convertible to take the boys out to a bar, using her powers to manipulate people into believing Gary, the boys come up with the name Lisa based upon a failed romantic experience of Gary. They return home drunk and happen upon Chet, Wyatts mean older brother, Lisa agrees to keep herself hidden from him, but realizes that Gary and Wyatt, while extremely sweet are very uptight and need to unwind. Despite Wyatts protests, Lisa insists that the party happen anyway in order to loosen the boys up and she goes to meet Garys parents, Al and Lucy, who, to Garys embarrassment, are shocked and dismayed at the things she says and her frank manner. After she pulls a gun on them, she alters their memories so that Lucy forgets about the conflict, however, meanwhile, Wyatts grandparents arrive and confront Lisa about the party, but she freezes them and hides them in a cupboard. Upstairs in Wyatts bedroom, Ian and Max convince Gary and Wyatt to recreate the events that created Lisa, Lisa resolves that the boys need a challenge to boost their confidence and has a gang of mutant bikers invade the party, causing chaos and sending the boys running. The bikers take Deb and Hilly hostage, and Wyatt and Gary decide they need to save them and they confront the bikers with a new boost of confidence to force them to back down. After they leave peacefully, Gary accidentally fires the gun, which is now real, Lisa tells the boys to escort the girls home while she talks to Chet alone. Returning home, they discover Chet, now transformed into a giant, talking turd, Lisa assures them that Chet will return to normal, and realizing that her work is done and that they dont need her anymore, she kisses both Gary and Wyatt before dematerializing and vanishing. Sometime later at their school, a gym class of sweaty. It is revealed to be Lisa who tells the class to Drop and give me twenty, causing all the boys in the class to faint and she turns to the camera and smiles knowingly. The film is now regarded as a cult classic, the film was successful at the box office with a gross of $23,834,048 in North America and $15,100,000 in other territories, totaling $38,934,048 worldwide. The films theme song, Weird Science, was performed by Oingo Boingo, following the same basic plot as the film, the series starred Vanessa Angel as Lisa, Michael Manasseri as Wyatt, John Mallory Asher as Gary, and Lee Tergesen as Chet. As of 2013, Universal Studios was planning to make a Weird Science remake with original producer Joel Silver returning to produce the film and with screenwriter Michael Bacall writing the film
13.
The Breakfast Club
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The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7,1985. Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas in the United States on February 15,1985 and it received critical acclaim and earned $51.5 million on a $1 million budget. Critics consider it one of the greatest high school films of all time, the media referred to the films five main actors as members of a group called the Brat Pack. The title comes from the nickname invented by students and staff for morning detention at New Trier High School, thus, those who were sent to detention before school starting time were designated members of The Breakfast Club. In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, the film was digitally remastered and was re-screened throughout 430 theaters in celebration of its 30th anniversary in 2015. On Saturday, March 24,1984, five students report at 7,00 a. m. for all-day detention at Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois. They gather in the school library, where assistant principal Richard Vernon instructs them not to speak, move from their seats. He assigns them a 1, 000-word essay, in which each must describe who you think you are and he then leaves, returning only occasionally to check on them. Bender, who has an antagonistic relationship with Vernon, ignores the rules and frequently riles up the other students, teasing Brian and Andrew. Allison is initially quiet, except for an occasional random outburst, over the course of the day, Vernon gives Bender several weekends worth of additional detention and even locks him in a storage closet, but he escapes and returns to the library. The students pass the hours by talking, arguing, and, at one point, the students realize that, even with their differences, they face similar pressures and complications in their lives. Despite their differences in status, the group begins to form friendships as the day progresses. Claire gives Allison a makeover, to reveal just how pretty she really is, Claire decides to break her pristine virgin appearance by kissing Bender in the closet and giving him a hickey. Although they suspect that the relationships will end with the end of their detention, as the detention nears its end, the group requests that Brian complete the essay for everyone and John returns to the storage closet to fool Vernon into thinking he has not left. Brian writes the essay and leaves it in the library for Vernon to read after they leave, as the students part ways outside the school, Allison and Andrew kiss, as do Claire and Bender. Allison rips Andrews state champion patch from his jacket to keep, and Claire gives Bender one of her diamond earrings. Vernon reads the essay, in which Brian states that Vernon has already judged who they are, using simple definitions and stereotypes. One by one, the five students voices add, But what we found out is that one of us is a brain, and an athlete, and a basket case, a princess
14.
Ferris Bueller's Day Off
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Ferris Buellers Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced and directed by John Hughes, and co-produced by Tom Jacobson. The film stars Matthew Broderick as Ferris Bueller, a slacker who spends a day off from school, with Mia Sara. Ferris regularly breaks the wall to explain techniques and inner thoughts. Hughes wrote the screenplay in less than a week, filming began in September 1985 and finished the following November. Featuring many landmarks, including the Sears Tower and the Art Institute of Chicago, not just in the architecture and landscape, but the spirit. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed culturally, historically, in 2016, Paramount, Turner Classic Movies, and Fathom Events re-released the film and Pretty in Pink to celebrate its 30th anniversary. In suburban Chicago, high school senior Ferris Bueller fakes sickness to stay home, Ferris frequently breaks the fourth wall to talk about his friends and give the audience advice on how to skip school. His parents believe him, though his sister Jeannie is not convinced, dean of Students Edward R. Rooney notes and suspects Ferris is being truant again and commits to catching him. However, Ferris uses a computer to alter the schools records to reduce his absences from 9 to 2, Ferris convinces his friend Cameron Frye, who really is absent due to illness, to report that his girlfriend Sloane Petersons grandmother has died. Rooney doubts this, but they succeed as planned, borrowing Camerons fathers prized 1961 Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder against Camerons wishes, he, Ferris, and Sloane drive into Chicago to sightsee. Leaving the car with two parking attendants, who take it on a joyride, the trio visit the Art Institute of Chicago, Sears Tower, Chicago Mercantile Exchange. They then go to a French restaurant for lunch where Ferris poses as the Sausage King of Chicago Abe Froman while narrowly avoiding his father, who is eating lunch at the restaurant. Meanwhile, after failing to find Ferris, Rooney visits the Bueller residence and fails to enter, Jeannie, skipping class, returns home and discovers her brothers ruse, but encounters Rooney snooping. She kicks him and calls the police, who arrest her for false reporting after Rooney leaves, while at the station, Jeannie meets a juvenile delinquent, who advises her not to worry so much about Ferris. Just as things shine bright, they retrieve the car and notice that, due to the attendants joyride, the revelation shocks Cameron into a state of self-analysis, realizing his life is controlled by his fathers figure. They return the car to Camerons garage and unsuccessfully try to run it backwards to remove the miles, Ferris suggests that they crack it open and turn it back manually. Cameron refuses and vents anger towards his father, kicking, severely denting, and leaning on the car, Ferris offers to take the blame, though Cameron insists on taking a stand against his father after destroying the car. At the police station, Mrs. Bueller picks up Jeannie, Ferris returns Sloane home, but realizes he only has a limited time to return home to avoid trouble
15.
Pretty in Pink
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Pretty in Pink is a 1986 American romantic comedy film about love and social cliques in American high schools in the 1980s. It is commonly identified as a Brat Pack film, the film was directed by Howard Deutch, produced by Lauren Shuler Donner, and written by John Hughes, who also served as co-executive producer. It has become a cult favorite, the film was named after the song by The Psychedelic Furs. The films soundtrack has been rated as one of the best in modern cinema and it features a rerecorded sax-heavy version of the title song by The Psychedelic Furs. Additionally, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Darks If You Leave, which plays prominently during the scene, became an international hit. High school senior Andie Walsh lives on modestly with her working class father. Andies best friend, Phil Duckie Dale, is in love with her, while working after school at TRAX, a new wave record store, Andie starts talking about her schools senior prom to her manager Iona, who advises Andie to go despite not having a date. Blane McDonough, one of the boys and Steffs best friend, starts talking to Andie at school and at TRAX. Steff tells Blane to stop talking to her, on the night of the date, Andie waits for Blane at TRAX, but he is late. Duckie comes in and asks Andie to go out with him, Iona gives her a pep talk, while Duckie, still oblivious, asks whats wrong. When Blane arrives, Duckie is upset and starts an argument with Andie, Duckie storms off and Andie goes on with her date. Blane suggests going to a house party Steff is throwing, but Andie is treated poorly by everyone, including a drunk Steff, Andie, in turn, suggests going to the local club, where they discover Iona sitting with Duckie, who is hostile toward Blane. After another argument with Duckie, Andie and Blane walk out of the club and she eventually allows him to drop her off and he asks her to the prom, which she accepts and they share their first kiss. Andie visits Iona at her apartment the day to talk about Andies date. Meanwhile, Blane, pressured by Steff, begins distancing himself from Andie, Jack comes home one night and surprises Andie with a pink dress he bought for her at a thrift shop. Questioning how he was able to afford it, Andie tells him that she knows he has been lying about going to a full-time job, the two fight until Jack breaks down, revealing that he is still bitter and depressed about his wife having left him. At school, Andie confronts Blane for avoiding her and not returning her calls, when asked about prom, he claims that he had already asked somebody else but had forgotten. Andie starts calling Blane a liar and accuses him of being ashamed of being seen with her because his friends dont approve, Andie runs away as a teary-eyed Blane leaves, with Steff criticizing Andie again
16.
Some Kind of Wonderful (film)
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Some Kind of Wonderful is a 1987 American romance film starring Eric Stoltz, Mary Stuart Masterson, and Lea Thompson. It is one of successful teen dramas written by John Hughes in the 1980s. The film is set against the social hierarchy of an American public high school. Blue collar mechanic Keith Nelson and his tomboyish friend Watts aspire to improve their social standing, when Keith asks out the most popular and attractive girl in school, Amanda Jones, Watts realizes her feelings for him are much deeper. Watts tells Keith that Amanda will appreciate a good kisser, and shows Keith how to kiss and he later uses his college fund, with Watts in tow, and selects a pair of earrings for Amanda. Meanwhile, Hardy Jenns, Amandas ex-boyfriend from a neighborhood, plots trouble for Keith by inviting him. Hardy jealously plans to have Keith beaten up, at Jennss party, the timely arrival of other misfits saves Keith from taking a beating. They attempt to turn the tables and beat Jenns instead, Keith tells Jenns he is over her and Amanda slaps Jennss face. In the end, Amanda decides that she needs to learn to stand on her own, find out who she is and she returns the earrings that Keith gave to her. Keith, pleased with the result, and realizing that he is in love with his best friend, bids Amanda goodbye with a kiss on the cheek, after she urges him to go after Watts. Keith catches up to Watts and they kiss, whereupon Keith confesses to Watts that he had no idea how she felt about him. Watts asks Keith how they look, and he replies, You look good wearing my future, Hughes also wanted Molly Ringwald to play the female lead role, but she declined in order to pursue more adult roles. Hughes took it personally and this led to the end of their working relationship, Thompson had originally turned down the role, but changed her mind when the role was offered to her a second time after the film she had just starred in—Howard the Duck—spectacularly flopped. Hughes named the 3 main protagonists as an tribute to the Rolling Stones. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 80% critic rating based on 35 reviews, roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film, calling it worthwhile and entertaining. Janet Maslin of The New York Times stated that Some Kind of Wonderful is the much-improved, recycled version of the Pretty in Pink story, richard Schickel of Time, however, criticized the film for being unrealistic. Mastersons performance was singled out for praise by several critics and it is not featured on the soundtrack album. The Rolling Stones song Miss Amanda Jones is heard during the scene in which Keith showers before his big date, but does not appear on the soundtrack album, as does the cover by The March Violets
17.
Planes, Trains and Automobiles
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Planes, Trains and Automobiles is a 1987 American comedy film written, produced and directed by John Hughes. They share a three-day odyssey of misadventures trying to get Neal home to Chicago from New York City in time for Thanksgiving with his family, Neal Page is an advertising executive on a business trip in New York City trying to return to his family in Chicago for Thanksgiving. After a meeting ends without a decision, Neal attempts to hail a cab, Del Griffith, a traveling salesman who sells shower curtain rings, has unknowingly taken a taxi that Neal bought from an attorney. The two meet again at La Guardia Airport where they board a plane to OHare and their plane is diverted to Wichita due to a blizzard in Chicago. The pair resort to various means to try and reach Chicago, forced to share a room in a cheap motel on the first night, Neal loses his temper with Del and lambastes him. In response, Del admits that he regards Neal as a cynic and says that despite how Neal feels, he likes himself and his wife. Neal calms down and the two men go to sleep, during the night their cash is stolen by a burglar. The following day they attempt to reach Chicago by train, but the locomotive breaks down, after reaching Jefferson City, Del sells his remaining shower curtain rings to buy bus tickets, but neglects to tell Neal that they are only valid to St. Louis. Upon arrival, Neal again offends Del over lunch and the two part ways, Neal attempts to rent a car, but finds the space at the distant rental lot empty. After walking back to the terminal, Neal vents his anger at the rental agent to no avail. In desperation, he attempts to hail a taxi to Chicago, but insults the dispatcher, Del arrives in time to rescue Neal with his own rental car. While driving, they find themselves arguing again, the situation is made worse when Del nearly gets them killed on a freeway after driving in the wrong direction, and driving between two semi-trailer trucks. While they take a moment to themselves by the side of the road. Neal initially gloats over Dels predicament, thinking that he is liable for the damage to the car, Neals amusement turns to anger when Del reveals he used Neals credit card to rent the car after their cards were accidentally switched. With his credit cards destroyed in the car fire, Neal sells his watch to a motel clerk to pay for a room for himself. Del is broke and attempts to sleep in the car, which has lost its roof in the fire, Neal eventually feels sympathy for Del and invites him in from the cold and snowy night. Neal relaxes as the two consume Dels collection of airline liquors and laugh about the events of the past two days, the pair resume driving to Chicago the next morning, but their badly damaged car is impounded by the police. They finally make it to Chicago, two days late, in the back of a refrigerator truck and they part ways at the LaSalle/Van Buren CTA station
18.
Uncle Buck
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Bob and Cindy Russell and their three kids, 15-year-old Tia, 8-year-old Miles, and 6-year-old Maizy, have recently moved from Indianapolis to the Chicago suburbs because of Bobs promotion. Late one night, they receive a call from Indianapolis informing them that Cindys father has suffered a heart attack. They make plans to immediately to be with him. After hearing the news, Tia, bitter about having been forced to move, Bob suggests asking his brother, Buck, to come watch the children, to which Cindy objects. While they are middle class suburbanites, Buck is unemployed, lives in an apartment in Chicago, drinks and smokes. He drives a dilapidated 1977 Mercury Marquis that pours smoke and backfires and his girlfriend, Chanice, owns an automobile tire shop. The couple have together for eight years, Chanice wants to get married and start a family. Since no one else is available to help Bob and Cindy, they have no choice, Buck cheerfully informs Chanice that he cant start his job yet due to the family emergency. Chanice thinks Buck is trying, as usual, to lie his way out of working, upon arriving, Buck quickly befriends Miles and Maizy, but the rebellious Tia is aloof, and the two engage in a battle of wills. When Buck meets Tias obnoxious boyfriend, Bug, Buck warns her that Bug is only interested in her for sex, Buck repeatedly thwarts her plans to sneak away on dates with Bug. He calls and begs Chanice to watch Miles and Maizy as he searches for Tia, at the party, thinking that Bug is taking advantage of her in a bedroom, he forces the door open by drilling out the lock, but walks in on Bug with another girl. After he finds Tia wandering the streets, she apologizes to him, when Bug is finally released, he threatens to sue him. Buck then strikes him with a ball, making him retract his apology. At home, Tia helps Buck reconcile with Chanice by admitting her lie and tells her that he would be a good husband, Buck also agrees to start his job at the garage. Bob and Cindy return from Indianapolis, Cindys father having recovered, upon entering the house, Tia surprises her mother with a hug. Buck and Chanice then leave for Chicago, with Buck and Tia exchanging a loving wave goodbye, filming began on January 4,1989 in Chicago. The company decided to keep the facilities and locations as close as possible. The vacant New Trier High School in Northfield, Illinois was chosen for the production facility, a colonial-style house in Evanston was chosen for the exterior of the Russell house
19.
Home Alone
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Home Alone is a 1990 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. The film stars Macaulay Culkin as Kevin McCallister, a boy who is left behind when his family flies to Paris for their Christmas vacation. Kevin initially relishes being home alone, but soon has to contend with two would-be burglars played by Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern, the film also features Catherine OHara and John Heard as Kevins parents. Culkin was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy and it is the highest grossing Christmas movie of all time at the North American box office. The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Paris, gathering at Peter, Peter and Kates youngest son, eight-year-old Kevin, is being ridiculed by his siblings and cousins. A fight with his brother, Buzz, results in Kevin getting sent to the third floor of the house for punishment. During the night, heavy winds cause damage to power lines, in the confusion and rush to get to the airport, Kevin is accidentally left behind. Kevin wakes up to find the empty and, thinking his wish has come true, is overjoyed with his new-found freedom. Kevin tricks the pair into thinking his entire family is home, Kate discovers mid-flight that Kevin is missing and, upon arrival in Paris, the family discovers that all flights are booked for the next two days. Peter and the rest of the go to his brother Robs apartment in the city while Kate manages to get a flight back to the United States only to get as far as Scranton. She attempts to book a flight to Chicago but again, everything is booked, meanwhile, Harry and Marv realize that Kevin is home alone. On Christmas Eve, Kevin overhears them discussing plans to breaking into his house that night, Kevin goes to church and watches a choir perform. He meets Marley, who sits with Kevin and they briefly speak and he learns that Marley is actually a nice man and that the rumors about him are false. He tells Kevin he is watching the choir because his granddaughter is singing, Kevin suggests that he try to reconcile with his son. Kevin returns home and rigs the house with booby traps. Harry and Marv break in, springing the traps and suffering various injuries, while the duo pursues Kevin around the house, he calls the police and flees the house, luring the duo into a neighboring vacant home. Harry and Marv manage to catch him and discuss how they will get their revenge, the police arrive and arrest Harry and Marv, having identified all the houses they burglarized due to the latters habit of flooding them. On Christmas Day, Kevin is disappointed to find that his family is still gone
20.
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York
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Home Alone 2, Lost in New York is a 1992 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. It is the film in the Home Alone series and the sequel to Home Alone. Macaulay Culkin reprises his role as Kevin McCallister, while Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern reprise their roles as the Wet Bandits, catherine OHara, John Heard, Tim Curry, and Brenda Fricker are also featured. Kevin and his family decide to take a trip to Florida and he tries to make due with what he has, such as using his fathers credit card to stay at the Plaza Hotel, but is soon confronted by the Wet Bandits and must outrun and out-prank them again. The film was shot in Winnetka, Illinois, OHare International Airport in Chicago, Evanston, Illinois, the exterior of Duncans Toy Chest in New York City was filmed outside of the Rookery Building in downtown Chicago. The exterior of Haven Middle School in Evanston, Illinois is shown prior to the Christmas pageant, the Miami scenes were filmed in Los Angeles, including an exterior of Miami International Airport which was filmed at Los Angeles International Airport. The film became the second most financially successful film of 1992, earning over $173 million in revenue in the United States, Home Alone 3 followed five years later in 1997, but the original cast and director did not return this film. In Chicago, Illinois, the McCallister family is preparing for a Christmas vacation in Miami, during the school Christmas pageant, Kevins older brother Buzz humiliates him during his solo, causing Kevin to retaliate. Refusing to apologize for his actions, Kevin goes up to the floor of the house. During the night, Peter unknowingly causes the clock to reset, consequently. In New York, Kevin tours the city and convinces the staff at the Plaza Hotel into renting him a room using Peters credit card, during a visit to Central Park, Kevin is frightened by the appearance of a homeless woman tending to pigeons. On Christmas Eve, Kevin tours the city in a limousine and visits a toy store where he meets its philanthropic owner, Kevin learns that the proceeds from the stores Christmas sales will be donated to a childrens hospital. Duncan offers Kevin a pair of ceramic turtledoves as a gift, after encountering Harry and Marv, a pair of burglars who recently escaped from prison and are now called the Sticky Bandits, Kevin retreats to the Plaza. The hotels concierge Mr. Hector confronts Kevin about the card which has been reported stolen. Kevin flees after evading Mr. Hector, but is captured by Harry, the duo discuss plans for breaking into the toy store that night, before Kevin escapes. Kevins family travels to New York after tracking the whereabouts of the credit card. Meanwhile, Kevin goes to his uncle Robs townhouse only to find the house vacant and undergoing renovations while Rob, in Central Park, he encounters the pigeon lady. When Kevin gets his foot caught while running away, she frees him, at Carnegie Hall, the pair watch an orchestra perform O Come, All ye Faithful
21.
Michael Keaton
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Michael John Douglas, known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor, producer, and director. In 2017, Keaton will play the role of Marvel Comics supervillian the Vulture in Spider-Man and he previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in Live from Baghdad and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for The Company. Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from both the Hollywood Film Festival and Zurich Film Festivals, on January 18,2016, he was named Officer of Order of Arts and Letters in France. He is also a scholar at Carnegie Mellon University. Keaton, the youngest of seven children, was born in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania and his father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth, a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks. Keaton was raised in a Roman Catholic family and he is partly of Irish descent. He attended Montour High School in Pennsylvania, Keaton studied speech for two years at Kent State University, where he appeared in plays, before dropping out and returning to Pittsburgh. Keaton first appeared on TV in Pittsburgh public television programs, including Where the Heart Is and Mister Rogers Neighborhood and he also served as a full-time production assistant on the show. In 2004, following Fred Rogers death, Keaton hosted a PBS memorial tribute program, Fred Rogers, Keaton also worked as an actor in Pittsburgh theatre, he played the role of Rick in the Pittsburgh premiere of David Rabes Sticks and Bones with the Pittsburgh Poor Players. Keaton left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for various TV parts and he popped up in various popular TV shows including Maude and The Mary Tyler Moore Hour. He decided to use a name to satisfy SAG rules, as there were already an actor. The claim that Keaton selected his new surname due to an attraction to actress Diane Keaton is incorrect and he chose Keaton because of an affinity for the physical comedy of Buster Keaton. Keatons film debut came in a small non-speaking role in Joan Rivers film Rabbit Test and his role as the fast-talking schemer Bill Blaze Blazejowski earned Keaton some critical acclaim, and he scored leads in the subsequent comedy hits Mr. Mom, Johnny Dangerously and Gung Ho. He played the character in Tim Burtons 1988 horror-comedy Beetlejuice, earned Keaton widespread acclaim. He originally turned down the role, then reconsidered like most of the cast and he now considers Beetlejuice his favorite of his own films. That same year, he gave an acclaimed dramatic performance as a drug-addicted businessman in Clean. Keatons career was another major boost when he was again cast by Tim Burton. Warner Bros. received thousands of letters of complaint by fans who believed Keaton was the choice to portray Batman
22.
Molly Ringwald
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Molly Kathleen Ringwald is an American actress, singer, dancer, and author. Her first major role was in The Facts of Life before making her motion picture debut in the independent film Tempest, after subsequently appearing in the successful John Hughes films Sixteen Candles, The Breakfast Club, and Pretty in Pink, Ringwald became a teen icon. She later starred in The Pick-up Artist, and For Keeps and she starred in many films in the 1990s, most notably Something to Live for, The Alison Gertz Story and The Stand. Ringwald is part of the Brat Pack and she was ranked number 1 on VH1s 100 Greatest Teen Stars. Ringwald was born in Roseville, California, just outside Sacramento, the daughter of Adele Edith, a housewife and chef, and Robert Scott Bob Ringwald, Ringwald has two siblings, Beth and Kelly, and an older brother who died before she was born. She started her career at age five, appearing in a stage production of Alice Through the Looking Glass as the Dormouse. The next year, she recorded I Wanna Be Loved by You, an album of Dixieland jazz with her father and his group. In 1978, at the age of 10, Ringwald was chosen to play Kate in the West Coast production of Annie, performing in Los Angeles. In 1979, Ringwald appeared on the TV series Diffrent Strokes and was selected to become part of a large cast of that shows spin-off The Facts of Life. She played Molly Parker, a perky, feminist student at Eastland Girls School, at the beginning of the second season, the show underwent a major revamp and most of the cast, including Ringwald, were cut from the show. Ringwald later said that Nancy McKeon replaced her to play a new character named Jo, in 1980, Ringwald performed as a lead vocalist on two Disney albums. On the patriotic album Yankee Doodle Mickey, Ringwald sang This Is My Country, The Star-Spangled Banner and she later performed one track on a Disney Christmas album. Turning toward motion pictures, she was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her role in the 1982 film Tempest, Ringwald rose to prominence with her breakout role in Sixteen Candles. She was cast as Samantha Baker, a girl whose birthday is forgotten. Ringwalds performance gained critical acclaim, many called her acting engaging, Ringwald would later say, It is not a good idea to do remakes of great classic films when asked if there would be a remake to Sixteen Candles. Ringwald was regarded as a member of the so-called Brat Pack of 1980s teen actors but has said she was not really part of that group, Ringwald gained more success when she was cast in another John Hughes film called The Breakfast Club which was a commercial and critical success. Ringwald was cast as Claire Standish, a rich, so-called sophisticate who is in detention for skipping class. The following year, she was cast as Andie Walsh in another successful Hughes film called Pretty In Pink, Ringwalds role as Andie went on to become one of her most recognizable performances
23.
Anthony Michael Hall
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Michael Anthony Hall, known professionally as Anthony Michael Hall, is an American actor, film producer, and director who starred in several teen-oriented films of the 1980s. Hall began his career in commercials and on stage as a child and his films with director-screenwriter John Hughes, beginning with the popular 1983 comedy National Lampoons Vacation and the coming-of-age comedy Sixteen Candles, shaped his early career. Halls next movies with Hughes were the teen classics The Breakfast Club and Weird Science, after a series of minor roles in the 1990s, he starred as Microsofts Bill Gates in the 1999 television film Pirates of Silicon Valley. He had the role in the USA Network series The Dead Zone from 2002 to 2007. The show was one of the cable television series during its run. Hall was born in West Roxbury, a neighborhood in Boston and he is the only child of blues-jazz singer Mercedes Halls first marriage. She divorced Halls father, Larry, an owner, when their son was six months old. When Hall was three, he and his mother relocated to the West Coast, where she found work as a featured singer, after a year and a half, they returned to the East, eventually moving to New York City, where Hall grew up. Halls ancestry is Irish and Italian and he has one half-sister, Mary Chestaro, from his mothers second marriage to Thomas Chestaro, a show business manager. His half-sister is pursuing a career as a singer under the name of Mary C. Hall uses the name Anthony, rather than Michael. He transposed his first and middle names when he entered show business because there was another actor named Michael Hall who was already a member of the Screen Actors Guild. Hall attended St. Hildas & St. Hughs School of New York before moving on to Manhattans Professional Childrens School, Hall began his acting career at age eight and continued throughout high school. I did not go to college, he has said, through the 1980s, Halls mother managed his career, eventually relinquishing that role to her second husband. Hall assists at-risk youth through his program, The Anthony Michael Hall Literacy Club. Following family tradition, Hall is pursuing his passion, music. He is the singer and songwriter for his band, Hall of Mirrors. Hall is godfather to Robert Downey, Jr. s son Indio Falconer Downey, Hall has been involved in multiple disputes with neighbors and his most recent one was taped, showing him pushing the neighbor to the ground. Whether these altercations were associated with drinking are not clear although Hall is known to have a history of problems associated with drinking, Hall started his career in commercials when he was seven years old
24.
Bill Paxton
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William Bill Paxton was an American actor and film director. The films in which he appeared include The Terminator, Weird Science, Aliens, Predator 2, True Lies, Apollo 13, Twister, Titanic, U-571, Edge of Tomorrow, Paxton also starred in the HBO drama series Big Love. In 2013, he received an Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the miniseries Hatfields & McCoys, Paxton was born and raised in Fort Worth, Texas, the son of Mary Lou and John Lane Paxton. His father was a businessman, lumber wholesaler, museum executive and his mother was Roman Catholic, and he and his siblings were raised in her faith. Paxton was in the crowd when President John F. Kennedy emerged from the Hotel Texas on the morning of his assassination on November 22,1963, photographs of an 8-year-old Paxton being lifted above the crowd are on display at the Sixth Floor Museum in Dallas, Texas. On the Marc Maron podcast, Paxton revealed at the age of 13 he contracted rheumatic fever which had damaged his heart, during his teens, Paxton worked as a paper delivery boy with Mike Muir. He directed several films, including the music video for Barnes & Barnes novelty song Fish Heads. He was cast in a video for the 1982 Pat Benatar song Shadows of the Night. In 1982, Paxton and his friend Andrew Todd Rosenthal formed a new wave band called Martini Ranch. The band released its full length album, Holy Cow. The album was produced by Devo member Bob Casale and featured guest appearances by two members of that band. The music video for the bands single Reach was directed by James Cameron, Paxton worked with director James Cameron on True Lies and Titanic, the latter of which was the highest-grossing film of all time at its release. In his other roles, Paxton played Morgan Earp in Tombstone, Fred Haise in Apollo 13, the lead in Twister, Paxton directed the feature films Frailty, in which he starred, and The Greatest Game Ever Played. Four years after appearing in Titanic, he joined Cameron on an expedition to the actual Titanic, a film about this trip, Ghosts of the Abyss, was released in 2003. He also appeared in the video for Limp Bizkits 2003 song Eat You Alive as a sheriff. His highest profile television performances received positive attention, including his lead role in HBOs Big Love. Paxton also received good reviews for his performance in the History Channels miniseries Hatfields & McCoys, for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award, alongside co-star Kevin Costner. In 2014, he played the role of the villainous John Garrett in Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. and a supporting role in Edge of Tomorrow
25.
Matthew Broderick
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Matthew Broderick is an American actor and singer. Broderick has won two Tony Awards, one for Best Featured Actor in a Play for Brighton Beach Memoirs and he was also nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his role in The Producers, but lost to his co-star Nathan Lane. As of 2016, Broderick is the youngest winner of the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play. Broderick was born in Manhattan, New York, the son of Patricia, a playwright, actress, and painter, and James Broderick and his father was a Catholic of Irish, and some English, descent. Broderick attended grade school at City and Country School and high school at Walden School, Brodericks first major acting role came in an HB Studio workshop production of playwright Horton Footes On Valentines Day, playing opposite his father, who was a friend of Footes. Broderick commented on the effects of that review in a 200460 Minutes II interview, Before I knew it, and suddenly, all these doors opened. And its only because Mel Gussow happened to come by right before it closed and happened to like it, all these things have to line up that are out of your control. He followed that with the role of Eugene Morris Jerome in the Neil Simon Eugene Trilogy including the plays, Brighton Beach Memoirs and his first film role was also written by Neil Simon. Broderick debuted in Max Dugan Returns and his first big hit film was WarGames, a summer hit in 1983, in which he played the main role of David Lightman, a Seattle teen hacker. This was followed by the role of Philippe Gaston in Ladyhawke, Broderick then won the role of the charming, clever slacker in the 1986 film Ferris Buellers Day Off. At the age of 23, Broderick played a school student who, with his girlfriend and best friend, plays hooky. The film remains a 1980s comedy favorite today, and is one of Brodericks best known roles. ), also in 1987, he played Air Force research assistant Jimmy Garrett in Project X. In 1988, Broderick played Harvey Fiersteins gay lover, Alan, in the 1989 film Glory, he received favorable reviews for his portrayal of the American Civil War officer Robert Gould Shaw, whom Broderick incidentally physically resembled at the time. He won recognition for two dark comedy roles, the first was that of a bachelor in The Cable Guy with Jim Carrey. The second was that of a school teacher in Alexander Paynes Election with Reese Witherspoon. In the latter production, he played Leopold Leo Bloom, an accountant who co-produces a musical designed to fail, Broderick reprised the role in the 2005 film adaptation of the same name. Broderick was reunited with his co-star from The Lion King and The Producers, Nathan Lane, in The Odd Couple and he appeared on Broadway as a college professor in The Philanthropist, running April 10 through June 28,2009. He returned to the Broadway stage in Spring 2012, to star in the musical Nice Work If You Can Get It, Broderick met actress Sarah Jessica Parker through her brother
26.
Macaulay Culkin
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Macaulay Carson Culkin is an American actor. He became famous as an actor for his role as Kevin McCallister in the family comedy Home Alone and its sequel Home Alone 2. He is also known for his roles in Uncle Buck, My Girl, The Good Son, The Pagemaster, Richie Rich, Party Monster, at the height of his fame, he was regarded as the most successful child actor since Shirley Temple. Culkin ranked at two on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Kid-Stars and E. s list of the 50 Greatest Child Stars. Culkin was born in New York City and his father, Christopher Cornelius Kit Culkin, is a former actor known for his productions on Broadway and is the brother of actress Bonnie Bedelia. His mother is Patricia Brentrup, who never married Culkin and he was raised Roman Catholic, and attended a Catholic school for five years before moving on to Professional Childrens School. He also studied ballet at the School of American Ballet, Macaulay Carson Culkin was named after Thomas Babington Macaulay. He was given the middle name Carson so he would then be named after Kit Carson of the old west, Culkin was the third of seven children, five boys and two girls, Shane, Dakota, Kieran, Quinn, Christian, and Rory. During Culkins early childhood, the family lived in an apartment, his mother was a telephone operator. Culkin began acting at the age of four, early roles saw him appearing in a stage production of Bach Babies at the New York Philharmonic. He continued appearing in roles on stage, television, and films throughout the 1980s, notable parts in this period included an episode of the popular action series The Equalizer, in which he played a kidnapping victim, and in the TV movie The Midnight Hour. In 1989, he starred in Uncle Buck with John Candy and he reprised the role of Kevin in the 1992 sequel Home Alone 2, Lost in New York. Culkin also starred in a Saturday morning cartoon entitled Wish Kid, despite the huge success of Uncle Buck, Home Alone, Home Alone 2, Lost in New York and My Girl, other films Culkin acted in, such as The Good Son, only did reasonably well. Getting Even with Dad, The Pagemaster, and Richie Rich and he appeared in the 1998 music video for the song Sunday by the rock band Sonic Youth. After several years of inactivity, Culkin returned to acting, in 2000, with a role in the play Madame Melville, in the spring of 2003, he made a guest appearance on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace. His role as Karen Walkers deceptively immature divorce lawyer won him favorable reviews and he quickly followed that with a supporting part in Saved. as a cynical wheelchair-using, non-Christian student in a conservative Christian high school. Though Saved. only had modest success at the box office, Culkin received positive reviews for his role in the film, Culkin began doing voice-over work, with appearances in Seth Greens Robot Chicken. In 2006, he published an experimental, semi-autobiographical novel, Junior, Culkin starred in Sex and Breakfast, a dark comedy written and directed by Miles Brandman
27.
Brat Pack (actors)
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The Brat Pack is a nickname given to a group of young actors who frequently appeared together in teen-oriented coming-of-age films in the 1980s. The core members are considered to be Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Rob Lowe, Andrew McCarthy, Demi Moore, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, david Blum wrote the article after witnessing several young actors being mobbed by groupies at Los Angeles Hard Rock Cafe. The group has been characterized by the partying of members such as Robert Downey Jr. Estevez, Lowe, Estevez was cited as the unofficial president of the Brat Pack. He and Demi Moore were once engaged, McCarthy says he was never a member of the group, The media made up this sort of tribe. I dont think Ive seen any of these people since we finished St. Elmos Fire, the initial New York article covered a group of actors larger, or more inclusive, than the currently understood meaning of the term Brat Pack. Charlie Sheen appears in several lists – more for his relationship to Brat Pack leader Emilio Estevez. James Spader and Robert Downey, Jr, other actors who have been linked with the group include Kevin Bacon, Matthew Broderick, Jon Cryer, John Cusack, Jami Gertz, Mary Stuart Masterson, Sean Penn, Kiefer Sutherland, and Lea Thompson. In her autobiography, Melissa Gilbert connects herself with the Brat Pack, as her life centered on Estevez. Through frequent collaborative work, the actor Harry Dean Stanton, then in his late 50s, david Blums New York story, titled Hollywoods Brat Pack, ran on June 10,1985. It was originally supposed to be just about Emilio Estevez, but one night, Estevez invited Blum to hang out with him, Rob Lowe, Judd Nelson and it was a typical night out for the group, who had gotten close while filming St. Elmos Fire. That night, Blum decided to change the focus to an entire group of young actors at the time. The St. Elmos Fire crew members did not like Blum, when the piece ran, the actors all felt betrayed, especially Estevez. The article mentioned people in films but focused on Estevez, Lowe, and Nelson. The Brat Pack label, which the actors disliked, stuck for years afterward, before the article ran, they had been regarded as talented individuals, after the article, all of them were grouped together and regarded as unprofessional. Interviewed for Susannah Goras 2010 book You Couldnt Ignore Me If You Tried, The Brat Pack, John Hughes, And Their Impact on a Generation, with the increased negative attention to them, the actors soon stopped socializing with one another. On the groups camaraderie, Ally Sheedy later said, just destroyed it, I had felt truly a part of something, and that guy just blew it to pieces. During the late 1980s, several of the Brat Pack actors had their careers mildly derailed by problems relating to drugs, alcohol, and in Lowes case, according to Gora, Many believe they could have gone on to more serious roles if not for that article. But they had difficulties, personal difficulties after that
28.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
29.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
30.
Bringing It All Back Home
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Bringing It All Back Home is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on March 22,1965 by Columbia Records. The album is divided into an electric and a side, although the acoustic side included some tracks in which other instruments were backing up Dylan and his guitar. On side one of the original LP, Dylan is backed by an electric rock, the album reached No.6 on Billboards Pop Albums chart, the first of Dylans LPs to break into the US top 10. It also topped the UK charts later that Spring, the first track, Subterranean Homesick Blues, became Dylans first single to chart in the US, peaking at #39. Dylan spent much of the summer of 1964 in Woodstock, a town in upstate New York. Dylan was already familiar with the area, but his visits were becoming longer and his manager, Albert Grossman, also had a place in Woodstock, and when Joan Baez went to see Dylan that August, they stayed at Grossmans house. Baez recalls that most of the month or so we were there, Bob stood at the typewriter in the corner of his room, drinking red wine and smoking and tapping away relentlessly for hours. And in the dead of night, he would wake up, grunt, grab a cigarette, Dylan already had one song ready for his next album, Mr. Tambourine Man was written in February 1964 but omitted from Another Side of Bob Dylan. At least two songs were written that month, If You Gotta Go, Go Now and Its Alright Ma, during this time, Dylans lyrics became increasingly surreal. His prose grew more stylistic as well, often resembling stream-of-consciousness writing with published letters dating from 1964 becoming increasingly intense, Dylan and producer Tom Wilson were soon experimenting with their own fusion of rock and folk music. The first unsuccessful test involved overdubbing a Fats Domino early rock & roll thing over Dylans earlier, acoustic recording of House of the Rising Sun and this took place in the Columbia 30th Street Studio in December 1964. In the meantime, Dylan turned his attention to another folk-rock experiment conducted by John P. Hammond, Hammond was planning an electric album around the blues songs that framed his acoustic live performances of the time. To do this, he recruited three members of an American bar band he met sometime in 1963, guitarist Robbie Robertson, drummer Levon Helm, and organist Garth Hudson. Dylan was very aware of the album, So Many Roads, according to his friend, Danny Kalb. The first session, held on January 13,1965 in Columbias Studio A in New York, was recorded solo, ten complete songs and several song sketches were produced, nearly all of which were discarded. Dylan and Wilson held another session at Studio B the following day, guitarists Al Gorgoni, Kenny Rankin, and Bruce Langhorne were recruited, as were pianist Paul Griffin, bassists Joseph Macho, Jr. and William E. Lee, and drummer Bobby Gregg. The days work focused on eight songs, all of which had attempted the previous day. According to Langhorne, there was no rehearsal, we just did first takes and I remember that, for what it was, it was amazingly intuitive and successful
31.
John Lennon
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John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a songwriting partnership. Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the craze as a teenager, his first band, the Quarrymen, first became the Silver Beatles. After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he added Ono as one of his middle names, Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to raise his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release, Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews. By 2012, Lennons solo album sales in the United States exceeded 14 million and, as writer, co-writer, or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002, a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth and, in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, in 1988 as a member of the Beatles and in 1994 as a solo artist. Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital, to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman of Irish descent and his parents named him John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John Jack Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill. When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, after her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpools Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennons father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, Bobby Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her, according to author Mark Lewisohn, Lennons parents agreed that Julia should take him and give him a home as Alf left again. A witness who was there that day, Billy Hall, has said the scene often portrayed with a young John Lennon having to make a decision between his parents never happened. It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again, Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived at Mendips,251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own. His aunt purchased volumes of stories for him, and his uncle. In September 1980, Lennon commented about his family and his rebellious nature, Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society, but I cannot be what I am not. I was the one who all the other boys parents—including Pauls father—would say, the parents instinctively recognised I was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their children, which I did. I did my best to disrupt every friends home, partly out of envy that I didnt have this so-called home
32.
Pablo Picasso
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Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, Picassos work is often categorized into periods. Much of Picassos work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style and his later work often combines elements of his earlier styles. Ruiz y Picasso were included for his father and mother, respectively, born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco and María Picasso y López. His mother was of one quarter Italian descent, from the territory of Genoa, though baptized a Catholic, Picasso would later on become an atheist. Picassos family was of middle-class background and his father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts, Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. According to his mother, his first words were piz, piz, a shortening of lápiz, from the age of seven, Picasso received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. Ruiz was an academic artist and instructor, who believed that proper training required disciplined copying of the masters. His son became preoccupied with art to the detriment of his classwork, the family moved to A Coruña in 1891, where his father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts. On one occasion, the father found his son painting over his sketch of a pigeon. In 1895, Picasso was traumatized when his sister, Conchita. After her death, the moved to Barcelona, where Ruiz took a position at its School of Fine Arts. Picasso thrived in the city, regarding it in times of sadness or nostalgia as his true home, Ruiz persuaded the officials at the academy to allow his son to take an entrance exam for the advanced class. This process often took students a month, but Picasso completed it in a week, the student lacked discipline but made friendships that would affect him in later life. His father rented a room for him close to home so he could work alone, yet he checked up on him numerous times a day. Picassos father and uncle decided to send the young artist to Madrids Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, at age 16, Picasso set off for the first time on his own, but he disliked formal instruction and stopped attending classes soon after enrolment
33.
Glenbrook North High School
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Glenbrook North High School, or GBN, is a public four-year high school located in Northbrook, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Glenbrook Township High School District, which also includes Glenbrook South High School, Glenbrook North High School, which opened its doors in the fall of 1952 as Glenbrook High School, serves the incorporated and unincorporated areas of Northbrook. For example, as part of the First in the World Consortium, GBN, in January 1997, President Bill Clinton visited GBN, and gave a speech discussing the need for more schools to adopt international education standards in math and science. Glenbrook North alum John Hughes 1985 film The Breakfast Club featured a group of kids from Shermer, shermerville was the original name of the town of Northbrook, where GBN is located, and 60062 is the zip code. The movie features the clash between what were known during the 1980s as the sporto versus freak cultures at GBN. Some think the movie was filmed inside the school, but it was filmed at Maine North High School, exterior shots of GBN were used in both The Breakfast Club and the Ferris Bueller movie, however. A curious side note to all of this is that Charlie Schlatter, the Glenbrook North debate team has won numerous state and national championships in Policy debate, as well as state championships in Lincoln-Douglas and Public Forum debate. They were also ranked the top school of the century based on appearances in the National Forensics League final round. In 2012, the won the New Trier tournament, and lost in finals of the novice and varsity divisions of the state tournament. The school had the top speaker in the varsity and varsity divisions in 2012. Glenbrook North also debated in the finals of the 2012 Tournament of Champions, losing on a 2-1 decision to West High School from Iowa City and it was the first time two schools from the same district debated each other in the finals. Glenbrook North is among the top performers in Illinois DECA, as of 2014, Glenbrook North DECA sent over 30 members to DECAs international Career Development Conference. Glenbrook North has a total of over 150 DECA members, additionally, Glenbrook North has received numerous awards at ICDC, placing 1st in 2012, and 3rd in 2014. On January 22,1997, then President Bill Clinton visited Glenbrook North to speak to the school, clintons speech was held in the schools fieldhouse and was largely centered around mathematics and science. At the time, students were participating in a program called First in the World, the program was to judge the level of knowledge in math and science against other schools around the world. Glenbrook North came in 1st in the Science category, and 3rd in the Mathematics category, less than a month later, Bill Clinton referenced the school, his visit, their progress, and achievements in his 1997 State of the Union Speech on February 4,1997. The event was a Powder Puff girls football game between juniors and seniors, the game took place on Sunday, May 4,2003, in Chipilly Woods, part of the Cook County Forest Preserve District. Although the annual Powder Puff game was held at the football stadium in earlier decades
34.
Rodney Dangerfield
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Rodney Dangerfield was an American stand-up comedian, actor, producer and screenwriter known for the catchphrase I dont get no respect. And his monologues on that theme and he is also remembered for his 1980s film roles, especially in Easy Money, Caddyshack, and Back to School. Dangerfield was born in Babylon, in Suffolk County, Long Island and he was the son of Jewish parents, Dorothy Dotty and the vaudevillian performer Phil Roy. His mother was born in Hungary, Dangerfields father was rarely home, Rodney would normally see him only twice a year. Late in life, Rodneys father begged him for forgiveness, after his father abandoned the family, his mother moved him and his sister to Kew Gardens, Queens, and he attended Richmond Hill High School, where he graduated in 1939. To support himself and his family, he sold newspapers and ice cream at the beach and he later said that he was so little known then that at the time I quit, I was the only one who knew I quit. In the early 1960s he started down what would be a road toward rehabilitating his career as an entertainer. He divorced his first wife Joyce in 1961, and returned to the stage, performing at hotels in the Catskill Mountains. He fell into debt, and couldnt get booked, as he would later joke, I played one club—it was so far out, my act was reviewed in Field & Stream. He came to realize that what he lacked was an image—a well-defined on-stage persona that audiences could relate to, returning to the East Coast, after being shunned by the premier comedy venues, he began to develop a character for whom nothing goes right. The Benny character, who received little or no respect from the outside world. The Biography program also tells of the time Benny visited Dangerfield backstage after one of his performances, during this visit Benny complimented him on developing such a wonderful comedy character and style. However, Jack Roy remained Dangerfields legal name, as he mentioned in several interviews, during a question-and-answer session with the audience on the album No Respect, Dangerfield joked that his real name was Percival Sweetwater. On Sunday, March 5,1967, The Ed Sullivan Show needed a replacement for another act. Dangerfield began headlining shows in Las Vegas and made frequent encore appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show and he became a regular on The Dean Martin Show and appeared on The Tonight Show a total of 35 times. One of his quips as a comedian was, I walked into a bar the other day. The bartender says, I cant serve you and he said, Youre just too ugly. I said as always, Boy I tell you, I get no respect around here, the no respect phrase would come to define his act in the years that followed
35.
Joan Rivers
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Rivers came to prominence in 1965 as a guest on The Tonight Show. Hosted by her mentor, Johnny Carson, the show established Rivers comedic style, in 1986, with her own rival program, The Late Show with Joan Rivers, Rivers became the first woman to host a late night network television talk show. She subsequently hosted The Joan Rivers Show, winning a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host and she was the subject of the documentary Joan Rivers, A Piece of Work. In addition to marketing a line of jewelry and apparel on the QVC shopping channel, Rivers authored 12 best-selling books, in 2015, Rivers posthumously received a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for her book, Diary of a Mad Diva. In 1968, The New York Times television critic Jack Gould called Rivers quite possibly the most intuitively funny woman alive, in 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked her sixth on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time. Rivers was born Joan Alexandra Molinsky on June 8,1933, in Brooklyn, New York, Molinsky, who graduated from Long Island College of Medicine. Her elder sister, Barbara Waxler, died on June 3,2013 at the age of 82, within 2 years, she performed in the School Cavalcades, and in 1949, aged 16, she was vice president of the Dramatic Club. Although her principal interests are acting and lindying, her record on the art staff of the Adelphian and she graduated from the Adelphi Academy of Brooklyn, in 1950, at almost 17. Her family later moved to Larchmont, during this period, agent Tony Rivers advised her to change her name, so she chose Joan Rivers as her stage name. During the late 1950s, Rivers appeared in a play, Driftwood. The play ran for six weeks, by 1965, Rivers had a stint on Candid Camera as a gag writer and participant, she was the bait to lure people into ridiculous situations for the show. She also made her first appearance on The Tonight Show with new host Johnny Carson, on February 17,1965, during the same decade, Rivers made other appearances on The Tonight Show as well as The Ed Sullivan Show, while hosting the first of several talk shows. She wrote material for the puppet Topo Gigio and she had a brief role in The Swimmer, starring Burt Lancaster. A year later, she had a syndicated daytime talk show, That Show with Joan Rivers. In the middle of the 1960s, she released at least two albums, The Next to Last Joan Rivers Album and Rivers Presents Mr. Phyllis & Other Funny Stories. By the 1970s, Rivers was appearing on television comedy and variety shows, including The Carol Burnett Show. From 1972 to 1976, she narrated The Adventures of Letterman, in 1973, Rivers wrote the TV movie The Girl Most Likely to. A black comedy starring Stockard Channing, in 1978, Rivers wrote and directed the film Rabbit Test, starring her friend Billy Crystal
36.
Leo Burnett Worldwide
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Leo Burnett Company, Inc. otherwise known as Leo Burnett Worldwide, Inc. is an American globally active advertising company, founded in 1935 in Chicago by Leo Burnett. Part of Publicis Groupe, Leo Burnett is one of the largest agency networks with 85 offices and 9, multinational clients include Fiat, Samsung, Procter & Gamble, Kelloggs, Altria, Coca-Cola, GM, McDonalds, Nintendo of America and Pfizer. Hamburger giant McDonalds began operations in India in 1996 and its hamburgers are made of lamb or chicken, not beef. It adapted local favorites into items such as McAloo Tikki, a potato pancake on a bun. It divided its kitchens in the vegetarian and nonvegetarian zones making sure that food did not cross the line and its advertising told Indians that its bright, inviting restaurants did not mean high prices. Its strategy was profits through high volume and low prices, locally it sponsored sports programs and donations to visible charities. The agency guided Philip Morris in building Marlboro into a global brand, in 2001 Leo Burnett agency curated an exhibition of the italian painter Umberto Pettinicchio, with photographer Steve McCurry, in Lausanne, Switzerland. HumanKind operates on four pillars - people, purpose, participation, the Global Product Committee, otherwise known as the GPC, is a delegation of top creatives from the Leo Burnett network which meet to assess the agencys creative product. Several times a year, this group convenes to grade advertising generated from around the network on a scale from 1-10. The aforementioned scale used by the GPC is known as the HumanKind Scale, a score of 7 has emerged as a benchmark, awarded to work that demonstrates an inspiring idea, beautifully crafted, otherwise known as a HumanKind act. History of advertising Official website publicisgroupe. com
37.
Virginia Slims
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Virginia Slims is a brand of cigarette manufactured by Altria. The brand was introduced in 1968 and marketed to professional women using the slogan Youve come a long way. Later campaigns have used the slogans, Its a woman thing, in the 1990s and they are also sold in Superslims, light, ultra-light, and menthol varieties. The packaging, designed by Walter Landor, is white with colored stripes running lengthwise along the left side, Virginia Slims were introduced on July 22,1968, by Philip Morris, and marketed as a female-oriented spinoff to their Benson and Hedges brand. The blends, flavorings, color scheme, and overall marketing concepts closely followed the Benson, early packs read Benson and Hedges Park Avenue New York, near the bottom. The first test market was San Francisco, California, originally scheduled for six months, it was cut short after seven weeks due to the success of the introduction - a nearly 3% market penetration. Distribution and marketing was implemented nationwide, and by September 30,1968, in 1976, a 120 mm full-flavor packing was test-marketed in Fresno, California. Designed to compete with RJ Reynolds More brand, the test ultimately failed, in 1978, Virginia Slims Lights were introduced, with good success. Although early marketing concepts included soft pack, Philip Morris decided to use a design only. Throughout the 70s and early 80s, growth and market penetration was significant, drawing the attention of competitors who introduced their own slim, female-oriented brands. In 1984, Virginia Slims Ovals were test marketed in Rochester, NY, Birmingham, AL, and Las Vegas, NV, Ovals were light, and had an oval-shaped cross section. In 1985, Virginia Slims Luxury Light 120s were introduced - a 120 mm length packing again intended to compete with RJ Reynolds More brand. After test marketing in Portland, OR and Nashville, TN was successful, while initially concerned that 120s might cannibalize customers from other packings, this proved to be unfounded, as the 120s appeared to attract a slightly older demographic. The packing has become a mainstay of the smoking glamour community. It is arguable as to whether VS120s are truly light, since their rating numbers compare more closely to full-flavor, in 1987, Ultra-Light 100s were introduced, in keeping with changing consumer tastes, other competitive entries, and the Benson and Hedges model. Marginally successful, this remains on the market today. In 1989, Ultra-Light SuperSlim 100s were introduced, in response to ultra-thin competition and these were also marginally successful, and remain on the market. In 1993, a 10-Pack version of Light 100s were introduced, with 10 cigarettes per pack and this entry had limited success and came under attack from critics
38.
Phillip Morris USA
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Philip Morris USA is the United States tobacco division of Altria Group. The companys namesake Philip Morris was born in Whitechapel, United Kingdom in 1835, in 1847, the family opened a shop in London. Philip Morris was a British tobacconist and cigarette importer whose name was used for Philip Morris Inc. Ltd. established in New York City in 1902. In 1902, Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. was incorporated in New York City, george J. Whelan bought the American division of the company in 1919 and created Philip Morris & Company Ltd. along with fellow shareholders Reuben M. Ellis and Leonard B. In 1929, the company made its first cigarettes in Richmond, in 1933, this factory was racially integrated more than 30 years before the law required it. In 1938, the company offered preferred stock to ordinary buyers, an advertisement displaying a Philip Morris brand of cigarettes. In 1924, Philip Morris began advertising Marlboros specifically to women, the cigarettes had new cork-tip filters housed in a flip-top box with a red roof design. In 1970, Philip Morris made the first of several acquisitions with the purchase of Miller Brewing Company, in 1985, Philip Morris Cos. became a holding company and the parent of Philip Morris Inc. and bought General Foods. The acquisition of Kraft Foods came in 1988, after which Kraft, in the 1970s, in response to smokers’ health concerns, Philip Morris introduced the “Light” cigarette - which was later found to be no safer than any others. In 1976, Marlboro became the brand in the U. S. Morris operated as the largest seller of tobacco in the U. S. In 2001, Kraft Foods launched a public offering for 11. 1% of the company that took in $8.7 billion. In 2002, Miller Brewing and South African Breweries became SABMiller, on January 27,2003, Philip Morris Companies Inc. changed its name to Altria Group, Inc. Even under this new name, Altria continues to own 100% of Philip Morris USA, some view this name change as an effort by Altria to de-emphasize its historical association with tobacco products. In the fall of 2003, Philip Morris USA moved its headquarters from New York City to Richmond, on March 30,2007, the remaining 88. 9% stake in Kraft Foods was spun off to shareholders. Philip Morris International was split from Philip Morris USA in March 2008 and this has caused a drop in the needed cigarette production due to no need for export product. In 2009, Philip Morris dropped the use of “Light” after many felt the word misrepresented the products as a healthier cigarette, Altria Philip Morris International Marlboro Tobacco industry Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement Marlboro Friday Johnny Roventini Racketeering
39.
National Lampoon (magazine)
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National Lampoon was an American humor magazine which ran from 1970 to 1998. The magazine started out as a spinoff from the Harvard Lampoon, National Lampoon magazine reached its height of popularity and critical acclaim during the late 1970s, when it had a far-reaching effect on American humor and comedy. The magazine spawned films, radio, live theatre, various sound recordings, many members of the creative staff from the magazine subsequently went on to contribute creatively to successful media of all types. During the magazines most successful years, parody of every kind was a mainstay, almost all the issues included long text pieces, shorter written pieces, a section of actual news items, cartoons and comic strips. Most issues also included Foto Funnies or fumetti, which featured nudity. The result was a mix of intelligent, cutting-edge wit, combined with some crass. In both cases, National Lampoon humor often pushed far beyond the boundaries of what was considered appropriate. As co-founder Henry Beard described the years later, There was this big door that said. We touched it, and it fell off its hinges, the magazine declined during the late 1980s and never recovered. It was kept alive minimally, but ceased publication altogether in 1998, the magazines first issue was dated April 1970. The company that owned the magazine was called Twenty First Century Communications, after a shaky start for a few issues, the magazine rapidly grew in popularity. Like the Harvard Lampoon, individual issues had themes, including topics as The Future, Back to School, Death, Self-Indulgence. The magazine regularly reprinted material in best-of omnibus collections and its writers joyfully targeted every kind of phoniness, and had no specific political stance, even though individual staff members had strong political views. National Lampoon was a magazine for most of its publication history. Numerous special editions were published and sold simultaneously on newsstands. Some of the editions were anthologies of reprinted material, others were entirely original. Additional projects included a calendar, a songbook, a collection of designs for T-shirts. The magazine sold yellow binders with the Lampoon logo, designed to store a years worth of issues, the original art directors were cartoonist Peter Bramley and Bill Skurski, founders of New Yorks Cloud Studio, an alternative-culture outfit known at the time for its eclectic style
40.
April Fools' Day
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April Fools Day is celebrated every year on April 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. The jokes and their victims are called April fools, people playing April Fool jokes expose their prank by shouting April Fool. Some newspapers, magazines, and other published media report fake stories, although popular since the 19th century, the day is not a public holiday in any country. Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales contains the first recorded association between April 1 and foolishness, the custom of setting aside a day for the playing of harmless pranks upon ones neighbor is recognized widely throughout the world. Some precursors of April Fools Day include the Roman festival of Hilaria, in Chaucers Canterbury Tales, the Nuns Priests Tale is set Syn March bigan thritty dayes and two. Modern scholars believe there is a copying error in the extant manuscripts. Thus the passage originally meant 32 days after March, i. e.2 May, the anniversary of the engagement of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia, readers apparently misunderstood this line to mean 32 March, i. e. April 1. In Chaucers tale, the vain cock Chauntecleer is tricked by a fox, in 1508, French poet Eloy dAmerval referred to a poisson d’avril, a possible reference to the holiday. In 1539, Flemish poet Eduard de Dene wrote of a nobleman who sent his servants on foolish errands on April 1, in 1686, John Aubrey referred to the holiday as Fooles holy day, the first British reference. On April 1,1698, several people were tricked into going to the Tower of London to see the Lions washed, in the Middle Ages, New Years Day was celebrated on March 25 in most European towns. In some areas of France, New Years was a week-long holiday ending on April 1, some writers suggest that April Fools originated because those who celebrated on January 1 made fun of those who celebrated on other dates. The use of January 1 as New Years Day was common in France by the century. In the Netherlands, the origin of April Fools Day is often attributed to the Dutch victory at Brielle in 1572, op 1 april verloor Alva zijn bril. is a Dutch proverb, which can be translated to, On the first of April, Alva lost his glasses. In this case, the serve as a metaphor for Brielle. This theory, however, provides no explanation for the celebration of April Fools Day. Although no Biblical scholar or historian are known to have mentioned a relationship, in a 1908 edition of the Harpers Weekly cartoonist newspaper, Bertha R. McDonald wrote, authorities gravely back with it to the time of Noah, in the UK, an April Fool joke is revealed by shouting April fool. At the recipient, who becomes the April fool, a study in the 1950s, by folklorists Iona and Peter Opie, found that in the UK, and in countries whose traditions derived from the UK, the joking ceased at midday
41.
National Lampoon's Class Reunion
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Class Reunion is a 1982 black comedy film produced by National Lampoon as the third film from the magazine. It was the film released, although National Lampoon Goes To The Movies was filmed in 1981, it was delayed. Gerrit Graham - Bob Spinnaker Michael Lerner - Dr and they didnt even want me around, and I was shocked when I saw the movie, he said. My screenplay had been butchered, and my name will nevertheless be on the credits forever. The film was released theatrically in the United States by 20th Century Fox in October 1982 and it proved to be a huge disappointment for the company, grossing only $10,054,150 at the box office. Opening weekend for the movie, it made $3,086,525, in 1982, Dell Publishing released a photo novel version book, adapted from John Hughes screenplay by Sandra Choron. The film was released on VHS and laserdisc by Vestron Video in 1983, in August 1998, Anchor Bay Entertainment re-released the film on VHS. In 2000, Anchor Bay Entertainment released the film on DVD, the film was re-released on DVD by MGM in 2005. in the Name of Love. The score was edited by Jim Harrison and Lada Productions, songs were performed by, Gary U. S. The original company consisted of the writers from the National Lampoon magazine and some of the cast from the National Lampoon Radio Hour, National Lampoons Class Reunion suffered negative reviews on release. The plot combines both comedy and horror-slasher elements, a combination that doesnt work, a murderer is killing off class members, who are such dull, dreary creatures no one could blame him. Even Chuck Berry, who makes brief appearance singing a melody of his songs, christopher Tookey states, Very inferior follow-up to Animal House, with remarkably tasteless basis for comedy. John Hughes can be blamed for the script, a spoof of a slasher movie. Songs are used to extend running length, but even Chuck Berry seems under par, official website at MGM. com National Lampoons Class Reunion at the Internet Movie Database National Lampoons Class Reunion at AllMovie
42.
Animal House
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National Lampoons Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film from Universal Pictures. It was produced by Ivan Reitman and Matty Simmons, directed by John Landis, and stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, and Donald Sutherland. The film, a direct spin-off from National Lampoon, is about a group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College. The screenplay was adapted by Douglas Kenney, Chris Miller, and Harold Ramis from stories written by Miller, upon its initial release, Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics, but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the years best. The film, along with 1977s The Kentucky Fried Movie, also directed by Landis, was responsible for defining and launching the gross out film genre. As of 2017, it was considered by fans and critics as one of the greatest comedy films ever made. In 2001 the United States Library of Congress deemed Animal House culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant and it was No.1 on Bravos 100 Funniest Movies. It was No.36 on AFIs 100 Years,100 Laughs list of the 100 best American comedies. In 2008 Empire magazine selected it as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, in 1962, Faber College freshmen Lawrence Larry Kroger and Kent Dorfman seek to join a fraternity. Larry and Kent are invited to pledge and given the fraternity names Pinto and Flounder respectively, by Bluto and he directs the clean-cut, smug Omega president Greg Marmalard to find a way for him to remove the Deltas from campus. Bluto and D-Day steal the answers to an upcoming test from the trash, the Deltas fail the exam, and their grade-point averages fall so low that Wormer tells them he needs only one more incident to revoke their charter. To cheer themselves up, the Deltas organize a party and bring in Otis Day. Wormers wife attends at Otters invitation and has sex with him, Pinto hooks up with Clorette, a girl he met at the supermarket. They make out, but do not have sex because she passes out drunk, Pinto takes her home in a shopping cart and later discovers that she is the mayors daughter. Outraged by his wifes escapades and the threat of personal violence, Wormer organizes a kangaroo court. To take their minds off this action, Otter, Boon, Flounder, Otter is successful in picking up four young women from Emily Dickinson College as dates for himself and his Delta brothers. He elicits sympathy by posing as the fiancé of a woman at the college who died in a recent kiln explosion. They stop at a bar where Days band is performing
43.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
44.
Upper middle class
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The upper middle class is a sociological concept referring to the social group constituted by higher status members of the middle class. This is in contrast to the lower middle class, which is used for the group at the opposite end of the middle class stratum. There is considerable debate as to how the middle class might be defined. According to sociologist Max Weber the upper middle class consists of well-educated professionals with graduate degrees, the American upper middle class is defined similarly using income, education and occupation as the predominant indicators. The main occupational tasks of upper class individuals tend to center on conceptualizing, consulting. See American professional/managerial middle class for an overview of the American middle classes. In the United States the term middle class and its subdivisions are extremely vague concepts, there are several perceptions of the upper middle class and what the term means. In academic models the term applies to highly-educated, salaried professionals whose work is largely self-directed, many have graduate degrees, with educational attainment serving as the main distinguishing feature of this class. Household incomes commonly may exceed $100,000, with some smaller one-income earners earning incomes in the high 5-figure range, the upper middle class has grown. Increasingly salaried managers and professionals have replaced individual business owners and independent professionals, the key to the success of the upper middle class is the growing importance of educational certification. Its lifestyles and opinions are becoming increasingly normative for the whole society and it is in fact a porous class, open to people. -Dennis Gilbert, The American Class Structure,1998, in addition to having autonomy in their work, above-average incomes, and advanced educations, the upper middle class also tends to be influential, setting trends and largely shaping public opinion. While many Americans cite income as the determinant of class, occupational status, educational attainment. Income is in part determined by the scarcity of certain skill sets, qualifying for such higher income often requires that individuals obtain the necessary skills and demonstrate the necessary competencies. There are also differences between household and individual income, in 2005, 42% of US households had two or more income earners, as a result, 18% of households but only 5% of individuals had six figure incomes. To illustrate, two nurses each making $55,000 per year can out-earn, in a household sense, sociologists Dennis Gilbert, Willam Thompson and Joseph Hickey estimate the upper middle class to constitute roughly 15% of the population. The difference between personal and household income can be explained by considering that 76% of households with incomes exceeding $90,000 had two or more income earners. Note that the income thresholds may vary greatly based on region due to significant differences in average income based on region and urban, suburban
45.
Porky's
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Porkys is a 1981 Canadian-American sex comedy film, written and directed by Bob Clark about the escapades of teenagers at the fictional Angel Beach High School in Florida in 1954. Released in the United States in 1982 with an R rating, the film spawned three sequels, Porkys II, The Next Day, Porkys Revenge. and Pimpin Pee Wee, despite generally negative critical reception, Porkys was a box office success. It was the fifth highest-grossing film of 1982, a group of Florida high school students plan on losing their virginity. They go to Porkys, an out in the Everglades. Porky takes their money but humiliates the kids by dumping them in the swamp, after Mickey is beaten so badly he has to be hospitalized, the gang becomes hellbent on exacting revenge on Porky and his brother, eventually succeeding in sinking his establishment in the swamp. After Ted repeatedly damages Porkys car, he says that all charges against Porky for driving a vehicle will be dropped if the nights events are forgiven. Because the boys were too young to be allowed in Porkys in the first place, Porky and his brother have no choice. The film ends with the group getting their revenge and Pee Wee finally losing his virginity, in a subplot, the boys also peep on female students in their locker room shower. After several unsuccessful attempts, Tommy, Billy and Pee Wee finally see several girls showering, while a few girls run out, most stay, finding the situation funny. To test their attitude, Tommy sticks his tongue out through his peephole, infuriated, he drops his pants and sticks his penis through the opening just before female coach Beulah Balbricker walks into the shower area. Spotting the protruding member, she sneaks up on Tommy, grabs his protruding part, however, Carter balks at such a request, and while the other basketball coaches laugh almost uncontrollably, Coach Brackett suggests getting the police involved. When this gets even Carter laughing, Balbricker leaves in a huff, the film ends as Tommy breaks the fourth wall and saying Jeez. to the camera. Porkys was released in Colorado Springs and Columbia, South Carolina and it then received a wide release in Canada and the United States on March 19,1982. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 30% based on reviews from 23 critics, film critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert were offended by Porkys and later called it one of the worst films of 1982. In particular, they criticized the film for its objectification and degradation of women, although it was written and directed by an American and was filmed in Miami, Florida, Porkys was produced by the Canadian company Astral Media. As a result, Porkys can be classed as the highest-grossing Canadian film of all time in Canadas domestic box office, the first two Porkys films were directed by Bob Clark and produced by Harold Greenberg, who founded Astral Communications. James Komack directed the film, Porkys Revenge. Following the success of Porkys in America and Europe there was a sequel in 1983 titled Porkys II, the sequel was poorly received by critics, and was less commercially successful than the original
46.
Steve Martin
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Stephen Glenn Steve Martin is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer and musician. Martin came to notice in the 1960s as a writer for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. In the 1970s, Martin performed his offbeat, absurdist comedy routines before packed houses on national tours, in 2004, Comedy Central ranked Martin at sixth place in a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comics. He was awarded an Honorary Academy Award at the Academys 5th Annual Governors Awards in 2013 and he released his first solo music album, The Crow, New Songs for the 5-String Banjo, in 2009, for which he won the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album. Martin was born on August 14,1945, in Waco, Texas, the son of Mary Lee and Glenn Vernon Martin, Martin was raised in Inglewood, California, and then later in Garden Grove, California, in a Baptist family. Martin was a cheerleader of Garden Grove High School, One of his earliest memories is of seeing his father, as an extra, serving drinks onstage at the Call Board Theatre on Melrose Place. During World War II, in the United Kingdom, Martins father had appeared in a production of Our Town with Raymond Massey, expressing his affection through gifts of cars, bikes, etc. Martins father was stern, and not emotionally open to his son and he was proud but critical, with Martin later recalling that in his teens his feelings for his father were mostly ones of hatred. Martins first job was at Disneyland, selling guidebooks on weekends, during his free time, he frequented the Main Street Magic shop, where tricks were demonstrated to potential customers. While working at Disneyland, he was captured in the background of the movie that was made into the short-subject film Disneyland Dream. By 1960, he had mastered several of the tricks and illusions, there he perfected his talents for magic, juggling, and creating balloon animals in the manner of mentor Wally Boag, frequently performing for tips. After high school graduation, Martin attended Santa Ana College, taking classes in drama, in his free time, he teamed up with friend and Garden Grove High School classmate Kathy Westmoreland to participate in comedies and other productions at the Bird Cage Theatre. He joined a comedy troupe at Knotts Berry Farm, later, he met budding actress Stormie Sherk, and they developed comedy routines and became romantically involved. Sherks influence caused Martin to apply to the California State University, Long Beach, Stormie enrolled at UCLA, about an hours drive north, and the distance eventually caused them to lead separate lives. Inspired by his classes, Martin considered becoming a professor instead of an actor-comedian. His time at college changed his life and it changed what I believe and what I think about everything. Something about non-sequiturs appealed to me, in philosophy, I started studying logic, and they were talking about cause and effect, and you start to realize, Hey, there is no cause and effect. Then it gets real easy to write this stuff because all you have to do is twist everything hard—you twist the punch line, Martin recalls reading a treatise on comedy that led him to think What if there were no punch lines
47.
John Candy
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John Franklin Candy was a Canadian actor and comedian known mainly for his work in Hollywood films. One of his most renowned onscreen performances was as Del Griffith, while filming the Western parody Wagons East. Candy died of an infarction in Durango, Mexico, on March 4,1994. His final two films, Wagons East, and Canadian Bacon, are dedicated to his memory. Candy was born in 1950 in Newmarket, Ontario, the son of Sidney James Candy and Evangeline Candy, he was brought up in a working-class Roman Catholic family. Candys father was of English and Scottish descent, while his mother was of Polish, Candy studied at Neil McNeil Catholic High School, later enrolled in the Centennial Community College to study journalism, and went to McMaster University for higher education. His first film role was a small, uncredited appearance in the 1973 film Class of 44 and he appeared in several other low-budget films during the 1970s, including the bank-robbery thriller The Silent Partner with Christopher Plummer and Elliott Gould. In 1975, he played Richie, a killer, in episode Web of Guilt. In 1976, Candy played a role on Peter Gzowskis short-lived. NBC picked the show up in 1981 and it became a fan favourite. It had won Emmy Awards for the writing in 1981 and 1982. Williams, and Melonvilles corrupt Mayor Tommy Shanks, messenger, corrupt soap-opera doctor William Wainwright, smut merchant Harry, the Guy With the Snake on His Face, and Giorgy, everyones favourite Cossack. Mimicry was one of Candys talents, which he used often at SCTV, a year later, Candy played the lovable, mild-mannered Army recruit Dewey Oxberger in 1981s Stripes, one of the most successful films of the year. In 1983, Candy had a small but memorable appearance in Harold Ramiss National Lampoons Vacation. Candy was one of the celebrities who appeared chanting Ghostbusters in Ray Parker. In 1984, Candy played Tom Hankss womanizing brother in the hit romantic comedy Splash, throughout the latter half of the 1980s, Candy often took roles in substandard films. He also continued to provide memorable bit roles, including a disc jockey in the musical film Little Shop of Horrors. Candy also produced and starred in a Saturday-morning animated series on NBC titled Camp Candy in 1989
48.
Curly Sue
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Curly Sue is a 1991 American romantic comedy film directed by John Hughes, and stars Jim Belushi, Kelly Lynch and Alisan Porter in the title role. The films music was composed by Georges Delerue, along with the end title song You Never Know performed by Ringo Starr and it marked Steve Carells film debut. Bill Dancer and his young companion Curly Sue are the archetypal homeless folks with hearts of gold and their scams are aimed not at turning a profit, but at getting enough to eat. After moving from Detroit to Chicago, the duo cons the rich divorce lawyer Grey Ellison into believing she backed her Mercedes into Bill, in hopes of a free meal. When Grey accidentally collides with Bill for real, she insists on putting the two up for the night, even over the objections of her snotty fiance Walker McCormick. After a confrontation with Bill exposing the truth of the con, one night, Bill tells Grey that he is not Sues father, he met Sues mother one night in Florida. He tells her that he is not neglecting or abusing Sue, he cares about Sue, however, when it becomes apparent that Sue is completely unable to read or write, Grey begins to push even harder for Bill to leave Sue with her. Eventually, Bill realizes that this is where she belongs - in a home, cared for by someone that can give her the advantages that his homeless, Walker turns them in and Sue gets put into welfare. Bill is arrested, because he never actually had custody of the child, eventually, Grey gets Sue out and Bill is freed. Sue and Grey return to their apartment, and discover a tin ring, however, the ring is accompanied by a note that says that he is in another room. Warner Home Video released it on DVD on June 1,2004 with commentary, the film received mostly negative reviews from critics. Leonard Maltin gave it one and a half out of four in his Movie Guide. The staff of Halliwells Film Guide called it Gruesomely sentimental and manipulative, nigel Andrews of the Financial Times declared, John Hughes here graduates from the most successful comedy in film history to scripting and directing a large piece of non-biodegradable tosh. Curly Sue holds a 14% rating according to Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews, Curly Sue at the Internet Movie Database Curly Sue at the TCM Movie Database Curly Sue at AllMovie Curly Sue at Rotten Tomatoes
