1.
Brighton, Boston
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Brighton is a dissolved municipality and current neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, and is located in the northwestern corner of the city. It is named after the town of Brighton in the English city of Brighton, for its first 160 years, Brighton was part of Cambridge, and was known as Little Cambridge. Throughout much of its history, it was a rural town with a significant commercial center at its eastern end. Brighton separated from Cambridge in 1807 after a dispute, and was annexed to Boston in 1874. The neighborhood of Allston was also part of the town of Brighton. In 1630, land comprising present-day Allston–Brighton and Newton was assigned to Watertown, in 1646, Reverend John Eliot established a Praying Indian village on the present Newton–Brighton boundary, where resided local natives converted to Christianity. The first permanent English settlement came as settlers crossed the Charles River from Cambridge, establishing Little Cambridge, before the American Revolutionary War, Little Cambridge became a small, prosperous farming community with fewer than 300 residents. Its inhabitants included wealthy Boston merchants such as Benjamin Faneuil, a key event in the history of Allston–Brighton was the establishment in 1775 of a cattle market to supply the Continental Army. Jonathan Winship I and Jonathan Winship II established the market, and in the period that followed. Legislative approval for separation was obtained in 1807, and Little Cambridge renamed itself Brighton, in 1820, the horticulture industry was introduced to the town. Over the next 20 years, Brighton blossomed as one of the most important gardening neighborhoods in the Boston area, the businessmen, however, did not neglect the cattle industry. In 1834, the Boston & Worcester Railroad was built, solidifying the communitys hold on the cattle trade, by 1866, the town contained 41 slaughterhouses, which later were consolidated into the Brighton Stock Yards and Brighton Abattoir. Allston–Brightons population grew tremendously in the half century, rising from 6,000 in 1875 to 47,000 by 1925. Brighton is accessible via the B Branch of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority s Green Line light rail service, cleveland Circle on the C Branch is located in the southern tip of Brighton, and the D Branch is nearby. The former A Branch, had served the community. Turnpike 503 Brighton Center – Copley Square via Oak Square & Mass, turnpike Forty-seven percent of the population of Brighton drive alone to work and 36% use mass transit, compared with 71% and 2% for the United States as a whole. On June 7,2012, MassDOT announced a plan to build a rail station at Everett Street in Brighton. The new station, Boston Landing, will be served by the Framingham/Worcester Line, Brighton is connected to the rest of the city by the Allston neighborhood
2.
Brooklyn
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Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
3.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
4.
Brown University
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Brown is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine Colonial Colleges established before the American Revolution. At its foundation, Brown was the first college in the United States to accept students regardless of their religious affiliation and its engineering program was established in 1847 and was the first in the Ivy League. It was one of the early doctoral-granting U. S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding master, Browns New Curriculum is sometimes referred to in education theory as the Brown Curriculum and was adopted by faculty vote in 1969 after a period of student lobbying. In 1971, Browns coordinate womens institution Pembroke College was fully merged into the university, Pembroke Campus now operates as a place for dorms and classrooms. Undergraduate admissions is very selective, with a rate of 8.3 percent for the class of 2021. The University comprises The College, the Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, the School of Engineering, the School of Public Health, and the School of Professional Studies. The Brown/RISD Dual Degree Program, offered in conjunction with the Rhode Island School of Design, is a course that awards degrees from both institutions. Browns main campus is located in the College Hill Historic District in the city of Providence, the Universitys neighborhood is a federally listed architectural district with a dense concentration of Colonial-era buildings. On the western edge of the campus, Benefit Street contains one of the finest cohesive collections of restored seventeenth-, Browns faculty and alumni include eight Nobel Prize laureates, five National Humanities Medalists, and ten National Medal of Science laureates. Other notable alumni include eight billionaire graduates, a U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, to erect a public Building or Buildings for the boarding of the youth & the Residence of the Professors. Stiles and Ellery were co-authors of the Charter of the College two years later, there is further documentary evidence that Stiles was making plans for a college in 1762. On January 20, Chauncey Whittelsey, pastor of the First Church of New Haven, answered a letter from Stiles, should you make any Progress in the Affair of a Colledge, I should be glad to hear of it, I heartily wish you Success therein. Isaac Backus was the historian of the New England Baptists and an inaugural Trustee of Brown, Mr. James Manning, who took his first degree in New-Jersey college in September,1762, was esteemed a suitable leader in this important work. Manning arrived at Newport in July 1763 and was introduced to Stiles, stiless first draft was read to the General Assembly in August 1763 and rejected by Baptist members who worried that the College Board of Fellows would under-represent the Baptists. A revised Charter written by Stiles and Ellery was adopted by the Assembly on March 3,1764, in September 1764, the inaugural meeting of the College Corporation was held at Newport. Governor Stephen Hopkins was chosen chancellor, former and future governor Samuel Ward was vice chancellor, John Tillinghast treasurer, the Charter stipulated that the Board of Trustees be composed of 22 Baptists, five Quakers, five Episcopalians, and four Congregationalists. Of the 12 Fellows, eight should be Baptists—including the College president—and the rest indifferently of any or all Denominations, the Charter was not the grant of King George III, as is sometimes supposed, but rather an Act of the colonial General Assembly. In two particulars, the Charter may be said to be a uniquely progressive document, the oft-repeated statement is inaccurate that Browns Charter alone prohibited a religious test for College membership, other college charters were also liberal in that particular
5.
Screen Actors Guild Award
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The statuette given, a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy, is called The Actor. It is 16 inches tall, weighs over 12 pounds, is cast in solid bronze, SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995. It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards, the awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT, and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS. The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25,1995 from Universal Studios Stage 12, the second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center
6.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
7.
Time 100
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Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time. First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, although appearing on the list is often seen as an honor, Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of individuals is exclusively chosen by Time editors with nominations coming from the TIME100 alumni. Only the winner of the Readers Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public, included in the list eleven times, Barack Obama is the person who has been listed most often. The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, the list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004, Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue and those recognized fall in one of five categories, Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, Heroes & Icons. A record of 41 women are included in the edition, the highest number of personalities in the lists history. The annual gala was held on April 29,2014 in New York City and they are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution, welcome to this years TIME100. The announcement was celebrated with an event in New York City on April 26,2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar global newsmakers such as U. S. President Barack Obama, the list included numerous figures representing the year of upheaval in the Middle East ranging from rebels, to political leaders to news correspondents. Although the events of what has been dubbed the Arab Spring were prominent, additionally, Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding. The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, list of individuals included in the TIME100 in 2010 In its online presentation, Time introduced the list as follows, In our annual TIME100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world. Oprah Winfrey continued her streak of having been included on every Time 100 list and was one of women on the list. The list included many expected names and some such as Scott Brown. Others who were considered surprise selections included Elton John, Ashton Kutcher, the announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4,2010. The list was published the following day, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists
8.
Eugene O'Neill Theater Center
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The Eugene ONeill Memorial Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut is a 501 not-for-profit theater company founded in 1964 by George C. White. The ONeill is the recipient of two Tony Awards, the 1979 Special Award and the 2010 Regional Theatre Award, and the 2015 National Medal of Arts presented on September 22,2016 by President Obama. The ONeill is an institution that has had a transformative effect on American theater. The ONeill pioneered play development and stage readings as a tool for new plays and musicals, and is home to the National Theater Institute. The Monte Cristo Cottage, Eugene ONeills childhood home in New London, the theaters campus, overlooking Long Island Sound in Waterford Beach Park, has four major performance spaces, two indoor and two outdoor. The ONeill is led by Executive Director Preston Whiteway, the National Playwrights Conference is one of the premiere play developmental programs in America. Each year, the Conference accepts scripts under an open-submissions policy, a team of over 125 readers made up of theater professionals, dramaturgs, college department chairs and past participants help to read the scripts and select the most promising. Of the 8 plays developed in each of the past 5 years, at least 7 are from the open-submissions process, NPC offers writers a four-week residency at the ONeills campus, with strong dramaturgical and professional support. Professional actors, directors, designers, and technicians assist the writer in creating and shaping the play, first and foremost, NPC is focused on the writer and adapts to serve his or her needs in the development of the play. Lloyd Richards was the first Artistic Director of the National Playwrights Conference, appointed in 1969 by the ONeills founder, George C. White. Mr. Richards was one of the very first African Americans to lead a major program in the United States. He continued to both positions before retiring from Yale in 1991 and the ONeill in 1999. Jim Houghton then led the NPC from 2000–2003, the program was led by J Ranelli from 2003–2004, then Richard Kuranda from 2004–2005. Those interested in studying with the National Theater Institute can apply online, NTI offers many theater study abroad training programs for students. The National Theater Institute is the ONeill Centers credit-bearing 14-week intensive theater program for college-age students, classes are held seven days a week from 9 am to 10 pm, with a 7,30 am warm-up six days a week. International components include two-week seminars at London/Stratford-upon-Avon to train with Complicite or St. Petersburg, the National Theater Institute is also home to two advanced programs for directing and playwriting. The NTI Advanced Directing Semester allows emerging and experienced directing students to concentrate solely on sharpening their craft, the Advanced Playwriting 14-week study away program is offered only in the spring, at the ONeill. Students leave the program with a portfolio of plays they can submit to festivals, another program of the National Theater Institute is the Moscow Art Theatre Semester
9.
Jim Halpert
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James Duncan Jim Halpert is a fictional character in the U. S. version of the television sitcom The Office, portrayed by John Krasinski. The character is based on Tim Canterbury from the version of The Office. The character is named after a friend of executive producer Greg Daniels. He is introduced as a representative at the Scranton branch of paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin. After Dunder Mifflin is bought by Sabre Corporation, Jim is very briefly the sole manager of the branch. Jim Halpert was born on October 1,1978, to Gerald and he has two brothers, Pete and Tom, who share his general love of pranks but have come across as unpleasant and somewhat bullying towards their little brother. Jims parents presumably live in Scranton as well, as his sister Larissa, while Pete and Tom have been seen on the show a few times, Larissa has not. He has a niece, Vanessa, and an old enough to play T-ball. In Branch Wars, while he is not specific on which brother he is referring to, Jim enjoys cycling, and, as he reveals in a deleted scene from Take Your Daughter to Work Day, at times, will babysit Toby Flendersons daughter, Sasha. He also lists soft-shell crab as his favorite food, Jim has noted that basketball Was kind of thing in high school. Although no high school is named by Jim, both Dunmore High School and West Scranton High School are referenced in separate episodes. In the Episode Dwights Speech, Jim tells Dwight that he majored in Public Speaking, however, Jim began working at Dunder Mifflin between 1998 and 1999. In several episodes, it is stated that Jim is a fan of the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Eagles, apparently, he is of Scottish descent, as in Niagara, his father can be seen wearing a kilt to his sons wedding to Pam. In the episode Weight Loss, it is revealed that his name for AIM is JIM9334. Despite their frequent conflicts, Jim and Dwight are also shown to be an extremely competent sales team in Traveling Salesmen and he and Pam share a 2009 Subaru Outback. Jim Halpert is first introduced in the Pilot and he is adamant throughout the series about his job as a salesman at Dunder Mifflin Paper being a temporary one, saying, This is work. If I advance any higher, this would be my career, and if this were my career, Id have to throw myself in front of a train. However, he succeeds professionally and is one of the best salesmen
10.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
11.
The Office (U.S. TV series)
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The Office is an American television comedy series that aired on NBC from March 24,2005 to May 16,2013. It is an adaptation of the BBC series of the same name, the Office was adapted for American audiences by Greg Daniels, a veteran writer for Saturday Night Live, King of the Hill, and The Simpsons. It is co-produced by Daniels Deedle-Dee Productions, and Reveille Productions, the original executive producers were Greg Daniels, Howard Klein, Ben Silverman, Ricky Gervais, and Stephen Merchant, with numerous others being promoted in later seasons. The series depicts the lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania. To simulate the look of a documentary, it is filmed in a single-camera setup. The show debuted on NBC as a replacement and ran for nine seasons and 201 episodes. The Office initially featured Steve Carell, Rainn Wilson, John Krasinski, Jenna Fischer and B. J. Novak as the main cast, the first season of The Office was met with mixed reviews, but the following four seasons received widespread acclaim from television critics. These seasons were included on several critics year-end top TV series lists, winning awards including four Primetime Emmy Awards. While later seasons were criticized for a decline in quality, earlier writers oversaw the final season, Greg Daniels served as the senior series showrunner for the first four seasons of the series and developed the British series for American television. He then left the position when he co-created the comedy series Parks and Recreation with fellow Office writer Michael Schur, Paul Lieberstein and Jennifer Celotta were named the series showrunners for the fifth season. Celotta left the series after the season and Lieberstein stayed on as showrunner for the following two seasons. He left the spot after the eighth season for the potential Dwight Schrute spin-off, The Farm. Daniels returned to the position for the ninth and final season. Other executive producers include cast members B. J. Novak, Kaling, Novak, Daniels, Lieberstein and Schur made up the original team of writers. Kaling, Novak and Lieberstein also serve multiple roles on the series, as they play regular characters on the show, as well as write, direct, credited with twenty-four episodes, Kaling is the most prolific writer on the staff. Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, who created the original British series, are credited as producers, and wrote the pilot. Merchant later directed the episode Customer Survey while Gervais appeared in the episodes The Seminar, randall Einhorn is the most frequent director of the series, with 15 credited episodes. Episodes have been directed by several of the actors on the show including Steve Carell, John Krasinski, Rainn Wilson, Ed Helms, before the series aired its second episode, the writers spent time researching in offices
12.
License to Wed
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License to Wed is a 2007 American romantic comedy film starring Robin Williams, Mandy Moore and John Krasinski, and directed by Ken Kwapis. The film was released in theaters on July 3,2007, Sadie Jones has always longed to marry the man of her dreams in her family church. While Sadie and Ben do qualify for the slot, the churchs minister, Reverend Frank. In one part of the course, the couple has to care for twin creepy robot babies and they get on Bens last nerve and he destroys one, to the horror of bystanders in a department store. To Bens dismay, one of Franks rules is no pre-marital sex, on behalf of Frank, his young assistant breaks into the couples house and bugs it. Thus, Frank and his assistant can listen to all conversations, Ben discovers the microphone/transmitter but does not tell Sadie, for fear she will accuse him of lying and planting the bug himself. Problems gradually begin to develop between the couple due to the course, Ben begins an investigation into Frank, and eventually discovers that he was once married to a Maria Gonzalez. Ben then confronts Frank over Maria Gonzalez, believing him to be a hypocrite, Frank reveals that the marriage was done to allow Maria, then an immigrant, and a member of Franks congregation, to stay in the U. S. Upset that Ben would waste his time on a stupid investigation, on Franks advice, Sadie goes on vacation to Jamaica, their slated honeymoon destination. Ben seeks advice from his friend Joel, who advises him to give up on Sadie, Ben however disagrees with this, and decides to go to Jamaica. Frank and his assistant travel there too and he attempts to call Sadie, but she refuses to listen. Her parents assure her that all marriages have problems, and her friend Carlisle tells her that Ben may just want someone who relies on him, Ben writes his vows on the sands of the beach to impress Sadie and they reconcile, and Frank marries them there. Jones Grace Zabriskie – Grandma Jones Roxanne Hart – Mrs. Ken Kwapis frequently directed episodes of the U. S. television show The Office and this resulted in appearances from The Office cast members John Krasinski, Angela Kinsey, Mindy Kaling and Brian Baumgartner. Critics gave the film negative reviews, Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 7% rating and a critical consensus of broad and formulaic. Metacritic. com rated it 25 out of 100, based on 30 reviews and it was reviewed in Variety as an astonishingly flat romantic comedy, filled with perplexing choices. Numerous reviewers, including Brian Lowry of Variety and MaryAnn Johanson of Flick Philosopher described Williams character as creepy, the film grossed $10,422,258 in its opening weekend opening at #4 at the U. S. Box Office behind Live Free or Die Hard, Ratatouille, and Transformers, official website License to Wed at the Internet Movie Database License to Wed at AllMovie License to Wed at Rotten Tomatoes
13.
Leatherheads
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Leatherheads is a 2008 American sports comedy film from Universal Pictures directed by and starring George Clooney. The film also stars Renée Zellweger, Jonathan Pryce, and John Krasinski, in 1925 Jimmy Dodge Connelly is captain of the Duluth Bulldogs, a struggling professional American football team. Dodge is determined to both his team and pro football in general when the players lose their sponsor and the league is on the brink of collapse. He convinces Princeton Universitys college football star, Carter the Bullet Rutherford, to join the Bulldogs, in addition to his legendary tales of combat heroism, Carter has dashing good looks and unparalleled speed and skill on the field. As a result of his presence, both the Bulldogs and pro football in general begin to prosper, Chicago Tribune newspaper reporter Lexie Littleton becomes the object of the affections of both Dodge and Carter. Lexie has been assigned to find proof that Carters war heroics are bogus, Carter confesses that the surrender of the Germans was a lucky accident and that his role in it was more foolish than heroic. Carter soon discovers Lexies agenda and is hurt when he learns that Dodge and Lexie are starting to show affections for each other. The ensuing fight over Lexies affections puts her off, spurred on by the threats of Carters manager, she decides to publish the story. The story sparks a firestorm of accusations and reprimands, Carters manager resorts to shady dealing to cover it up, even bribing the original witness to change his story. Dodges attempts to legitimize pro football take a life of its own, the new commissioner formalizes the games rules, taking away improvisational antics. In addition, the commissioner takes the responsibility of clearing up the Carter controversy to set an example for the new direction of professional football, with the whole world against Lexie, Dodge concocts a clever ruse. Interrupting a private hearing in the office, Dodge threatens Carter with a confrontation by his old army mates. Dodge claims that they are just outside the door, ready to congratulate him for his heroic actions, in truth, the men are Bulldogs in borrowed Army uniforms. The commissioner frees Lexie from printing a retraction, Carter is ordered to simply say he got too much credit for his war actions, but must give a hefty part of his paycheck to the American Legion. Carters conniving manager is banned from football as well, Dodge is warned that if he pulls any old tricks to win the next game, he will lose his place in the league. Dodge plays in one last game and this time it will be against Carter, who has changed sides from Duluth to Chicago. The rivalry for Lexies affection spills onto the field, the game does not go well for Dodge, including how muddy the field is. Dodge decides football should be played without rules, Lexie notices that after a brawl, Dodge is missing and with most players covered in mud, no one can tell who is who
14.
Away We Go
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Away We Go is a 2009 comedy-drama directed by Academy Award-winning director Sam Mendes and written by the husband-and-wife team of Dave Eggers and Vendela Vida. The films two leads are John Krasinski and Maya Rudolph and it had a limited theater release in the United States starting June 5,2009. It opened the 2009 Edinburgh International Film Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 29,2009. Verona De Tessant and Burt Farlander are in their thirties and struggling to meet daily needs. When they learn they will soon become parents, they are confronted with the challenge of how – and they also announce that they will be gone for two years and they have already rented the place out to another couple, despite Burts and Veronas situation. They first visit Phoenix, Arizona, meeting up with Veronas old boss, Lily, her husband, Lowell, Burt in particular is disturbed by Lily and Lowells crass and mean-spirited behavior toward one another and their children. Burt and Verona next visit Veronas sister, Grace, in Tucson, at Veronas request, Burt tries to persuade Grace to stay with her boring boyfriend. When Burt takes a call and displays his humor, Grace tells Verona that she is lucky to have him. They next visit Burts childhood friend and pseudo-cousin in Madison, Wisconsin, LN, Burt and Verona bring a stroller as a gift, greatly angering LN as she and her husband Roderick are a continuum home. Burt and Verona then visit old friends in Montreal, Tom and his wife, Munch Garnett. Verona and Burt are happy to have found a loving family, after dinner, Tom confesses to Burt that Munch has recently suffered her fifth miscarriage and that they seem unable to have biological children. In the morning, Burt receives a call from his brother, Courtney, in Miami. Burt and Verona fly to Miami, where Courtney worries about his young daughter, Burt tries to comfort Courtney while Verona spends time with his daughter. Burt and Verona spend the night outside on a trampoline, promising to love each other, the next day, Verona tells Burt a story about her childhood house and her parents. Moved by her memory, they decide to settle in Veronas old family home, realizing it is the place for them, they sit together happily, overlooking the water. Metacritic reported the film had a score of 58 out of 100. The soundtrack of Away We Go was released on June 2,2009, All My Days Orange Sky Blue Mind Song for You Breathe Towards the Sun Meet Me in the Morning by Bob Dylan What Is Life by George Harrison Golden Brown by The Stranglers Wait Oh. Sweet Nuthin by The Velvet Underground The Ragged Sea Crinan Wood All My Days was featured in the films trailer, official website Away We Go at the Internet Movie Database
15.
It's Complicated (film)
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Its Complicated is a 2009 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Nancy Meyers. The film also features supporting performances by Lake Bell, Hunter Parrish, Zoe Kazan, John Krasinski, Mary Kay Place, Robert Curtis Brown and Rita Wilson, among others. The film was met with reviews from critics, who praised the acting of its ensemble cast. It became another hit for Meyers, however, upon its Christmas Day 2009 opening release in the United States. It played well through the holidays and in to January 2010, worldwide, Its Complicated eventually grossed $219.1 million, and surpassed The Holiday to become Meyers third highest-grossing project to date. For their performances, the cast was awarded a National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Award for Best Ensemble Cast the same year, Streep and Baldwin each were individually recognized with Best Actress and Best Supporting Actor nominations at the Golden Globe and BAFTA award ceremonies, respectively. Jane, who owns a bakery in Santa Barbara, California, and Jake Adler. They had three children together, two girls and a boy, who are grown, Jake, who was cheating on Jane, married the much younger Agness. Jane and Jake attend their son Lukes graduation from college in New York City, after a dinner together, the two begin an affair, which continues in Santa Barbara. Jane is torn about the affair, Jake is not, while Agness has Jake scheduled for regular sessions at a fertility clinic, Jake is secretly taking medication to increase sperm count for fertility, a side effect of which can cause dizziness. After one of his sessions he has a rendezvous with Jane at a hotel. Jake collapses in the room and a doctor is called. The doctor speculates that the reason for Jakes distress may be the medication, Jake and Janes children know nothing of the affair, but Harley, who is engaged to their daughter Lauren, spots the pair and the doctor in the hotel, but keeps silent. Adam is an architect hired to remodel Janes home, still healing from a divorce of his own, he begins to fall in love with Jane. On the night of Lukes graduation party in Santa Barbara, Jane invites Adam to the party and she is stoned when he picks her up because she has smoked a marijuana joint that Jake had given her earlier. Before going into the party, Adam smokes some of the joint with Jane, once inside, they are laughing and happily high, Jake becomes jealous observing them, and after pressing Jane, smokes some with her also. Agness then observes Jake and Jane dancing together and realizes they are having an affair, when they leave the party, Adam asks Jane if they could have something to eat. Jane takes him to her bakery and they make chocolate croissants together, Jake and Agness separate, although it is not clear who leaves whom
16.
Something Borrowed (film)
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Rachel White is a single attorney working in a New York law firm. On the cab ride home, it is revealed that he has felt the same. They wake up in bed together the morning to Darcy calling both of their phones. Dex sneaks out before they can talk about what happened between them, Rachel initially believes the encounter is a one night stand, but it eventually develops into an ongoing affair. The couple soon find themselves lying to Darcy and others in order to cover up their relationship, Rachel tells Darcy that she is having an affair with another friend of hers, Ethan and an acquaintance, Marcus to cover up her sexual encounters with Dex. Meanwhile, Dexs mother has been suffering from depression for some time and it seems that Dex and Darcys upcoming wedding is the only thing keeping her sane and happy. When Dex skips out on the 4th of July weekend in the Hamptons to stay in the city and spend time with Rachel, considering his mother and fathers feelings, Dex leaves Rachel in order to go back to Darcy. As the wedding nears, Dex and Rachel are speaking less and less, at the beach, their secret is almost revealed by Ethan, who is frustrated with Rachel, especially for lying to people she cares about. That night at the bar, Rachel finally tells Dex that she wants him to call off the wedding so they can be together, Ethan moves to London for a job and Rachel flies out to visit him. He reveals that he loves her and just wants to see her happy, Rachel returns to New York to find Dex sitting on her doorstep. He reveals that he ended things with Darcy and called off the wedding, Rachel is ecstatic until Darcy ends up at her door begging to come in to talk. Dex hides and Darcy enters her apartment and she reveals to Rachel that she has been cheating on Dex with his friend Marcus. She is also pregnant with Marcus child and says that they are very happy, Rachel gives her blessing to Darcy, who proceeds to leave only to return minutes later and ask what Dexs jacket is doing in her apartment. Darcy begins to search the apartment for Dex, who comes out, Darcy becomes infuriated and storms out of the apartment, telling Rachel that she hates her. Two months later, Rachel and Darcy run into each other on the street and they have not spoken since the incident and Darcy says that she is happy, but doesnt sound so convincing. Darcy sees that Rachel has picked up one of Dexs shirts from the dry cleaner, as they leave, they turn back and glance at each other, with Darcy smiling and waving. She reveals to Rachel that she is happy as she puts a hand over her baby bump. Rachel walks around the corner to Dex sitting on a bench and they walk down the street together holding hands
17.
Big Miracle
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Big Miracle is a 2012 British-American drama film directed by Ken Kwapis, and stars Drew Barrymore and John Krasinski. The film is based on Tom Roses 1989 book Freeing the Whales, which covers Operation Breakthrough, adam names the adult whales Fred and Wilma, and the infant Bamm-Bamm. Also joining in the effort are two entrepreneurs from Minnesota, who provide de-icing machines to keep the hole open. Finally an enormous Soviet ice-breaker ship arrives to remove the last barrier before the whales die, the ships first attempt doesnt work and leaves only a dent. The ice is broken and the adult whales Fred and Wilma escape the ice. Sadly, the infant whale Bamm-Bamm dies from injuries and does not surface again, in a post-credits scene Fred and Wilma swim away free in the ocean. Haskell Ted Danson as J. W. bought the screenplay by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler in April 2009, in September 2010, with Drew Barrymore and John Krasinski cast in the starring roles, filming began in Seward. It had a budget of $30 or 40 million. The crew constructed sets in Anchorage to resemble places in Barrow during the whale rescue, the films working title was Everybody Loves Whales, which is a line still heard in the film. Visual effects on Big Miracle were created by Rhythm and Hues Studios, burger King promoted the movie with toys. The MPAA has rated this film PG for language, the film received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a rating of 74% based on 95 reviews. The sites consensus was, Big Miracle uses real-life events as the basis for a surprisingly satisfying family drama, metacritic currently holds a score of 61 based on 28 reviews. The film opened with $2,267,385 on its day, ranking at No.4 behind Chronicle, The Woman in Black. The film grossed $7,760,205 on its opening weekend, on its second weekend the film dropped to #8, with $3,946,050. The film closed its run on April 5,2012, with $24,719,215 worldwide as a box office bomb, Freeing the Whales, How the Media Created the Worlds Greatest Non-Event. Official website Big Miracle at the Internet Movie Database
18.
Promised Land (2012 film)
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Promised Land is a 2012 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Matt Damon, John Krasinski, Frances McDormand and Hal Holbrook. The screenplay is written by Damon and Krasinski based on a story by Dave Eggers, Promised Land follows two corporate salespeople who visit a rural town in an attempt to buy drilling rights from the local residents. Damon was originally attached to direct the film, but he was replaced by Van Sant, filming took place mainly in Pittsburgh from early to mid-2012. During filming and afterward, the highlighting of the resource extraction process hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking. The film had a release in the United States on December 28,2012. The film had its premiere and received Special Mention Award at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2013. Butler has an excellent track record for quickly and cheaply persuading land owners to sign mineral rights leases that grant drilling rights over to his employer. Butler and his partner Sue Thomason arrive in an economically struggling Pennsylvania farming town whose citizens are proud of having family farms passed from one generation to the next. The idea of a town surviving solely on family farms being passed down through generations as an economy is one that he can no longer accept. He claims to be offering the town its last chance, Butler spends some pleasant after-hours time with Alice, a teacher he meets in a bar. Its decided that the people vote in a few weeks whether or not to take the offer. Butler begins to meet a great deal of resistance in town, Noble seems to be winning over nearly everyone, including Alice. One night Butler receives a package from Global that includes a copy of a photograph of dead cattle on a field that Noble said came from his familys Nebraska farm. The enlargement shows that a thought to be a silo is in fact a lighthouse. The picture was in fact from Lafayette, Louisiana, where Global is in the midst of a lawsuit over environmental complications that were caused by their fracking practices. Butler informs the mayor of the deception, who in turn informs the rest of the town. He returns to the hotel to find Noble loading his truck, Noble accidentally reveals that he knows the picture with the lighthouse was taken in Lafayette. He arranged for Butler to receive the confidential photos and engineered the entire public relations effort, at a town meeting the next day, the citizens are prepared to vote on Globals efforts to buy drilling rights to their property
19.
Aloha (film)
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Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written, produced and directed by Cameron Crowe. The film, starring Bradley Cooper, Emma Stone, Rachel McAdams, Bill Murray, John Krasinski, Danny McBride, the film received negative reviews from critics, and has grossed only $26 million against a budget of $37 million, making the film a box office bomb. Gilcrest and Ng travel to meet King Kanahele at his community to negotiate a deal for his participation in the gate blessing ceremony. Along the way, Ng tries to engage Gilcrest in conversation about his life and work, when they meet the king, Ng, who is part Hawaiian, bonds with him and his companions, identifying with their spiritual view of the land and sky. After prolonged negotiations, Gilcrest brokers a deal for the participation in exchange for two mountains and free cell phone service. The next night, Gilcrest and Ng have dinner at Tracys house, at one point, Gilcrest and Tracy find themselves alone in the kitchen, where she admits that she loved him and had plans to make a life with him before he abandoned her 13 years ago. The next evening, they attend Carsons Christmas party, where General Dixon tells Gilcrest not to screw up the deal with the Hawaiians, one of the generals men hands Gilcrest a thumb drive containing top secret information for the upcoming satellite launch. During the party, Gilcrest becomes attracted to Ng, who is having fun dancing with Carson, afterwards, Ng joins Gilcrest in his room where he recounts his experiences in Kabul, where he almost died. He tells her that this was the first night he was happy to have lived. The next day, Ng discovers that Carsons satellite will carry a nuclear payload. When she tries to resign, her colonel tells her it is an operation run by Carson. Later she confronts Gilcrest in tears for lying to her and to the Hawaiians, meanwhile, Woody and Tracy confront each other about recent tensions in their marriage, which he believes were caused by Gilcrests arrival. The next morning, Tracy shows up at Gilcrests hotel and reveals that Grace is his daughter, later that day, after the successful blessing of the new pedestrian gate, Gilcrest learns that the Chinese are attempting to hack the satellites code to prevent the impending launch. He rushes to the center and undermines the hackers efforts. As he watches the satellite enter geosynchronous orbit, he realizes what hes done and its impact on Ng, quickly, he orders a massive sonic upload to be sent to space, and he and Ng hold hands as they watch the satellite explode. Believing Ngs continued association with him will ruin her promising career, Carson is not pleased with the destruction of his satellite and confronts Gilcrest, who tells him he cannot buy the sky. General Dixon is also incensed by Gilcrests actions, threatening to prosecute him, Gilcrest returns to Tracys house, where she reads him a moving love letter from Woody. Gilcrest tells her she belongs with her husband, and she encourages him to go after Ng, Woody comes home and sees Gilcrest in his home
20.
Brief Interviews with Hideous Men (film)
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Brief Interviews with Hideous Men is a 2009 American comedy-drama film written, produced, and directed by John Krasinski, based on a short story collection of the same name by David Foster Wallace. Sara Quinn is interviewing men as part of her graduate studies and her intellectual endeavor has emotional consequences as the men’s twisted and revealing stories are juxtaposed against the backdrop of her own experience. As she begins to listen closely to the men around her, the film was selected for the US Dramatic Competition in the 2009 Sundance Film Festival. It scored 40% at Rotten Tomatoes and 44% at Metacritic, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men at the Internet Movie Database Brief Interviews with Hideous Men at AllMovie John Krasinski Interview at AMCtv. com
21.
University Hall (Brown University)
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The University Hall at Brown University is the first and oldest building on campus located in Providence, Rhode Island. Built in 1770, it was known as the College Edifice. The building was constructed on a piece of land that had belonged to the original Brown family ancestor and co-founder of Providence, Chad Brown. On February 17,1770 the building committee in charge of the construction of the placed a notice in the Providence Gazette asking for donations of timber and other materials. Prominent Newport merchant Aaron Lopez donated timber to the effort. On March 27,1770, Solomon Drowne of Browns class of 1773 wrote in his diary, “This day they began to dig the Cellar for the College. ”Nicholas Brown, Sr. and Company led the construction of the building and his family donated the land. Morgan Edwards, described the location as “Commanding a prospect of, an extensive country, variegated with hills and dales, woods, and plains, ” and was further inspired to write, “Surely, this spot was made for a seat for the Muses. The building has been used for different purposes at the University over the years. It currently houses the office for the president of Brown on the first floor, facing the campus in space first occupied by the Commons. Moran Biography of Princeton University president Harold W. Dodds Historic American Buildings Survey No, rI-283, Brown University, University Hall, Prospect Street, Providence, Providence County, RI,1 photo, supplemental material
22.
St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (Boston)
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St. Elizabeths Medical Center is a large medical facility and teaching hospital in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is part of Steward Health Care System, the second largest health care system in New England which was founded in 2012, sEMCs Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology is of particular note as its history predates many other areas of medicine in which the hospital is involved. Generations of people in the Boston area were born at St. Elizabeths Hospital or more recently, former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg was born at St. Elizabeths Hospital in 1942. St. Elizabeths Medical Center of Boston Steward Health Care
23.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies
24.
Polish Americans
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Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry. There are an estimated 9.5 million Polish Americans, representing about 3% of the U. S. population, Polish Americans are the largest Slavic ethnic group in the United States, second largest Central and Eastern European group and the eighth largest immigrant group overall. The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleighs failed Roanoke Colony in 1585, in 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen. Two early immigrants, Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes, overall, more than one million Poles and Polish subjects have immigrated to the United States, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many immigrants were classified as Russian, German, and Austrian by the U. S. Complicating the U. S, the Polish American Cultural Center places a figure of Americans who have some Polish ancestry at 19-20 million. Some Jews from Poland even assimilated into cities which were Polish bastions in order to conceal their Jewish identities, from 1870 to 1914, Poles and Polish subjects formed a significant part of the wave of immigration from Germany, Imperial Russia, and Austria Hungary. The main Ethnically-Polish-American organizations were founded because of high Polish interest in the Catholic church, parochial schools, since 1914, the United States has seen a small amount of emigration from Poland, and the coming of age of numerous generations of fully assimilated Polish Americans. The income levels have gone up from well below average, to above average, outside of Republican and Democratic politics, politics such as those of Agudath Israel of America, a branch of Poalei Agudat Yisrael, have heavily involved Polish-Jewish Americans. Lopata argues that Poles differed from most ethnics in America, in several ways, first, they did not plan to remain permanently and become Americanized. Instead, they came temporarily, to money, invest. Their intention was to ensure for themselves a desirable social status in the old world, however, many of the temporary migrants had decided to become permanent Americans. Many found manual labor jobs in the mines of Pennsylvania and the heavy industries, of the Great Lakes cities of Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwaukee, Cleveland. The U. S. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, Therefore, the actual amount of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. In the 2011 United States Census Bureaus Population Estimates, there are between 9,365,239 and 9,530,571 Americans of Polish descent, historically, Polish-Americans have assimilated very quickly to American society. Between 1940 and 1960, only 20 percent of the children of Polish-American ethnic leaders spoke Polish regularly, in the early 1960s,3,000 of Detroits 300,000 Polish-Americans changed their names each year. Language proficiency in Polish is rare in Polish-Americans, as 91. 3% speak English only. In 1979, the 8 million respondents of Polish ancestry reported that only 41.5 percent had single ancestry, whereas 57. 3% of Greeks, 52% of Italians and Sicilians, and 44% of Ukrainians had done so. By educational attainment, the U. S. Census estimates that 37. 6% have bachelors degrees or higher, the median household income for those of Russian ancestry has been reported as higher on the U. S. Census, at $70,310
25.
Irish Americans
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Irish Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. About 33.3 million Americans—10. 5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U. S. Census Bureau and this compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland. Three million people identified as Scots-Irish, whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States. An estimated 250,000 migrated to the United States during the colonial era, only 20,000 immigrants of these immigrants from Ireland were Catholics—English, Irish or a few Germans. Catholics numbered 40,000 or 1. 6% of the population of 2.5 million in 1775. The Scots-Irish settled mainly in the back country of the Appalachian Mountain region. Irish Americans signed the documents of the United States—the Declaration of Independence. The early Ulster immigrants and their descendants at first usually referred to simply as Irish. However, most descendants of the Scots-Irish continued to consider themselves Irish or American rather than Scots-Irish, however, beginning in the early 19th century, many Irish migrated individually to the interior for work on large-scale infrastructure projects such as canals and, later in the century, railroads. During the colonial period, Scots-Irish settled in the southern Appalachian backcountry, by the 19th century, through intermarriage with settlers of English and German ancestry, the descendants of the Scots-Irish lost their identification with Ireland. This generation of pioneers. was a generation of Americans, not of Englishmen or Germans or Scots-Irish, in 1820 Irish-born John England became the first Catholic bishop in the mainly Protestant city of Charleston, South Carolina. During the 1820s and 30s, Bishop England defended the Catholic minority against Protestant prejudices, in 1831 and 1835, he established free schools for free African American children. Inflamed by the propaganda of the American Anti-Slavery Society, a mob raided the Charleston post office in 1835, England led Charlestons Irish Volunteers to defend the school. Soon after this, however, all schools for blacks were closed in Charleston. The Irish Catholics concentrated in a few medium-sized cities, where they were visible, especially in Charleston, Savannah. After secession in 1861, the Irish Catholic community supported the Confederacy and 20,000 served in the Confederate Army, civilian leaders of the Irish and the South did embrace the Confederate national project and most became advocates of a hard-war policy. Although most began as unskilled laborers, Irish Catholics in the South achieved average or above average economic status by 1900, the large Erie Canal project was one such example where Irishmen were many of the laborers. Small but tight communities developed in growing such as Philadelphia, Boston, New York
26.
Daddy Warbucks
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Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Daddy Warbucks is a fictional character from the comic strip Little Orphan Annie. He made his first appearance in the Daily News in the Annie strip on September 27,1924 and his age in the series is around 52 years old. Warbucks was born about 1894, near the town of Supine. His father, a boss on the railroad, was killed when he was a month old. His mother was left with only gumption and a house in which she was able to keep boarders, then on June 7,1905 when he was 11 years old, his mother died at age 30, of typhoid. On the night of the funeral he was put on the outbound Limited, presumably he later spent some time in the city for he and Paddy Cairns were companions together in the old 8th Ward. For a few semesters he attended college, studying engineering, and his family background and lack of prep school education kept him from entering a fraternity in his youth. But as an adult Warbucks joined the Freemasons going on to serve as Worshipful Master of a lodge and he eventually became foreman in the rolling mill, married Mrs. Warbucks, worked and planned for a family and house of their own. When Daddy began to make big money during World War I, the happiness was lost. After the war, Warbucks continued as an industrialist, but became a philanthropist as well—his fortune had built to ten zillion dollars and his wife instigated the taking in of Annie while Warbucks was away on a business trip. On his return, he was smitten with Annie and, as her father-figure and he often intervened in Annies life during crisis, always returning in time to save the day. During World War II, Warbucks, along with his bodyguards Punjab and The Asp, despite his immense wealth, Warbucks is, occasionally, reduced to such poverty as to be forced to raid Annies piggy bank. He always leaves an I. O. U. and he is restored to his wealth. He was knighted by the Queen of the United Kingdom later in life, Warbucks was often a platform for cartoonist Harold Grays political views, which were free market-based. He sometimes expounded on the need for men to work hard—lest the masses have no employment. At the same time, capitalists who underpaid or mistreated their workers were portrayed in a negative light, in fact, in 1944, Gray briefly killed off Warbucks on the grounds that it was widely thought that capitalists were obsolete. Warbucks was resurrected, however, after FDRs death, film versions of the Annie story appeared in 1932 and 1938. In the 1932 version, Warbucks was portrayed by Edgar Kennedy, in the 1970s Warbucks became more widely known via the 1977 musical Annie on Broadway
27.
Annie (musical)
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Annie is a Broadway musical based upon the popular Harold Gray comic strip Little Orphan Annie, with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and the book by Thomas Meehan. The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for six years. It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, the musicals songs Tomorrow and Its the Hard Knock Life are among its most popular musical numbers. In 1933, eleven-year-old Annie is in the Municipal Girls Orphanage, along with Molly, Kate, Tessie, Pepper, July, when Molly awakes from a bad dream, angering Pepper and Duffy, July tells them to hush up and eventually gets into a fight with Pepper. Annie gets up and tells everyone to go back to sleep, Molly then asks if Annie could read her note from when her parents left her at the orphanage. Duffy and Pepper are yet again annoyed, along with Kate, Pepper and Duffy imitate Annies acting as if they were her parents. Annie decides to escape to find her parents, but is caught by Miss Hannigan and she is angered by this and forces all the girls to vigorously clean the orphanage. Shortly after, Mr. Bundles, the man, comes in to pick up the blankets. While Miss Hannigan is flirting with him, Annie climbs into the laundry basket, once Miss Hannigan realizes she is gone, the other orphans express their frustration. Annie successfully escapes, running into a stray dog. As she comforts him, she tells him of better days yet to come, the dog catcher is after him, so she pretends the dog is hers by calling him Sandy. Though at first unsuccessful, she convinces the dog catcher, and she later finds a Hooverville, where people made homeless by the Great Depression have come together as a community. However, a policeman named Lt. Ward, who had been sent by Miss Hannigan, catches Annie, Grace Farrell, assistant to the billionaire Oliver Warbucks, comes to the orphanage asking for an orphan to come to his mansion for the Christmas holiday. Because Annie was in Miss Hannigans office, Grace asks to take her, once she has left, Miss Hannigan explodes with her hatred for all the girls in the orphanage. Meanwhile, at the Warbucks Mansion, the staff welcomes Annie with open arms, when Oliver Warbucks comes back, though, he is very moody and not too happy to have an orphan in his mansion. He asks Grace to take Annie to a movie, but she persuades him to come too, as he and Annie begin to like each other, they enjoy a fabulous night in New York City. Back at the orphanage, Miss Hannigans brother, Rooster, and his girlfriend, Lily, Miss Hannigan mentions that Annie is staying at a billionaires house, and they think they could use this situation to their advantage, though they do not yet know how. Warbucks sees the locket around Annies neck, and buys her a new one from Tiffany & Co and he debates taking her under his wing, because he doesnt know much about children, but he decides he loves her and gives her the locket
28.
B. J. Novak
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Benjamin Joseph Manaly Novak, credited professionally as B. J. Novak, is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, author, and director. He is most widely known for being a writer and executive producer of The Office, Novak was born and raised in Newton, Massachusetts, the son of Linda and author William Novak. His father co-edited The Big Book of Jewish Humor, and has ghostwritten memoirs for Nancy Reagan, Lee Iacocca, Magic Johnson, Novak has two younger brothers, Jesse, a composer, and Lev. He attended Solomon Schechter Day School of Greater Boston for elementary school and he attended Newton South High School with future Office costar John Krasinski, and they graduated in 1997. Novak graduated from Harvard University, where he was a member of the Harvard Lampoon and he majored in English and Spanish literature, and wrote his honors thesis on the films of Shakespeares Hamlet. Aside from the Lampoon, he staged and performed in a variety show called The B. J. Show with fellow Harvard student B. J. Averell, Novak graduated from Harvard University in 2001. Afterward he moved to Los Angeles, California and began working in clubs as a comedian and his first live stand-up performance took place at the Hollywood Youth Hostel on October 10,2001. He was named one of Varietys Ten Comedians To Watch in 2003, Novak was a writer for the short-lived The WB sitcom Raising Dad. He performed on Comedy Centrals Premium Blend and on Late Night with Conan OBrien, Novaks television acting career began on MTVs Punkd. He was the accomplice to Ashton Kutcher on the shows second season in 2003, playing pranks on Hilary Duff, Rachael Leigh Cook, Usher. After hearing Novaks opening joke at a club, executive producer Greg Daniels decided he wanted to do something with him. Id wake up saying, I was in this incredible TV show and it was a big hit and the star was John Krasinski from high school. In addition to his credits, Novak has appeared in the films Unaccompanied Minors, Reign Over Me, The Internship, Knocked Up, The Smurfs. He played composer Robert B. Sherman in Saving Mr. Banks and he had a supporting role in the 2016 film The Founder, which features Michael Keaton in the biopics leading role of Ray Kroc. On February 4,2014 a book of 22 stories, One More Thing, Stories and Other Stories, was published, Novak has a close friendship with Mindy Kaling, whom he met through writing for The Office. The two dated on and off while writing and acting on the show, sometimes mirroring the on-again, off-again nature of the relationship between their respective characters Ryan Howard and Kelly Kapoor. He served as a producer for Season 1 of The Mindy Project
29.
Newton South High School
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Newton South High School is one of two public high schools in the city of Newton, Massachusetts, the other being Newton North. Newton South places all students into one of four houses, in which remain for the duration of high school. The houses are Goldrick, Wheeler, Cutler, and Goodwin, unlike many other schools, houses at Newton South are only for administrative and attendance purposes. They have no effect on the courses or activities of students, connections between buildings are fully enclosed, creating the impression the campus is one giant building. Buildings 1 and 2 form an L shaped connection to the main body from the southwest corner. They are Goldrick, which houses a separate preschool department. In the middle of the edge lies the Science building. It contains the two corridors to the central and northern campus buildings. In the southeast corner is the S shaped Cutler building, Cutler is closely joined with building 5, which contains an indoor field house and associated wellness classrooms. In between the south and central parts of campus lay two open-air parks, while the connection between Cutler and Goodwin is the only non enclosed connection between two buildings on campus, the center buildings houses the cafeteria and library. The small building 8 used for administration lies next to the entrance to campus. Lastly, the northwest corner contains the Van Seasholes Auditorium which is connected to the arts wing, as of 2014, the school enrolls about 1,800 students. About 60% of them participate in Advanced Placement exams, the Massachusetts Department of Education rated Newton South as performing at the 88th percentile of state high schools for the 2013 year. Newton Souths mean SAT score for the 2013 senior class was 1849, the 2012 four-year graduation rate was 97%. The Newton-Beijing Jingshan School Exchange Program is the oldest exchange of public school students between the United States and the Peoples Republic of China. The city of Newton hosts Chinese students and teachers for four months each fall and sends students and it has become a tradition for the Jingshan students to give an entertaining presentation on their culture to the school shortly before returning to their country. Newton has also had a relationship with its sister city of San Juan del Sur. Every February, a group of Newton South students go to Nicaragua to live with local families
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Costa Rica
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It has a population of around 4.5 million, of whom nearly a quarter live in the metropolitan area of the capital and largest city, San José. Costa Rica was sparsely inhabited by people before coming under Spanish rule in the 16th century. Since then, Costa Rica has remained among the most stable, prosperous, following a brief civil war, it permanently abolished its army in 1949, becoming one of only a few sovereign nations without a standing army. Costa Rica is a member of the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. The country has consistently performed favourably in the Human Development Index, placing 69th in the world as of 2015 and its rapidly developing economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, pharmaceuticals, and ecotourism. Costa Rica is known for its environmental policies, being the only country to meet all five UNDP criteria established to measure environmental sustainability. Costa Rica officially plans to become a country by 2021. In 2012, it became the first country in the Americas to ban recreational hunting, historians have classified the indigenous people of Costa Rica as belonging to the Intermediate Area, where the peripheries of the Mesoamerican and Andean native cultures overlapped. More recently, pre-Columbian Costa Rica has also described as part of the Isthmo-Colombian Area. The oldest evidence of occupation in Costa Rica is associated with the arrival of various groups of hunter-gatherers about 10,000 to 7,000 years BCE in the Turrialba Valley. The presence of Clovis culture type spearheads and arrows from South America opens the possibility that, in this area, agriculture became evident in the populations that lived in Costa Rica about 5,000 years ago. They mainly grew tubers and roots, for the first and second millennia BCE there were already settled farming communities. These were small and scattered, although the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture as the livelihood in the territory is still unknown. The earliest use of pottery appears around 2,000 to 3,000 BCE, shards of pots, cylindrical vases, platters, gourds and other forms of vases decorated with grooves, prints, and some modelled after animals have been found. The impact of indigenous peoples on modern Costa Rican culture has been small compared to other nations. Costa Rica was described as the poorest and most miserable Spanish colony in all America by a Spanish governor in 1719, for all these reasons, Costa Rica was, by and large, unappreciated and overlooked by the Spanish Crown and left to develop on its own. Costa Rica became a democracy with no oppressed mestizo or indigenous class. It was not long before Spanish settlers turned to the hills, where they found rich volcanic soil, like the rest of Central America, Costa Rica never fought for independence from Spain
31.
John Emigh
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John Emigh is Professor Emeritus from the Departments of Theatre, Speech and Dance and of English at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. Emigh taught at Brown from 1967 to 2009, John Emigh was born in Hartford, Connecticut and grew up in Connecticut. In his New Britain high school, he was a saxophonist in the band, treasurer of numerous clubs. He entered Amherst College, became interested in arts, and took a year off to travel to Spain and Morocco to study. He received his BA from Amherst in English and Dramatic Arts in 1964, Tulane awarded him an MFA in Theatre in 1967, and a PhD in 1971. In 1974–75, he traveled in New Guinea, South Asia, and Indonesia and his 1985 documentary film, Hajari Bhand of Rajasthan, Jester without a Court, has been shown at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC. Emigh also recently completed an interactive database of the permanent collection of masks at the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts in New Delhi. Louis Art Museum, Teaching Performance Studies, SHAW, The Annual of Bernard Shaw Studies, Seagull Theatre Magazine, Faces, The Drama Review, Communications, Asian Theatre Journal, World of Music. Substantive articles about Emighs theatrical work have appeared in TDR, The Drama Review and Asian Theatre Journal and he was the founding chairperson of the Association for Asian Performance and served as chair of Brown Universitys Department of Theatre, Speech and Dance from 1987 to 1993. In 1971, he conceived and co-ordinated the RI Festival of New Theatre, in 2005, Emigh was Artistic Director for Performance Studies Internationals Providence, RI conference and festival, Becoming Uncomfortable. He served on the committees for the founding of the Association for Theatre in Higher Education and of Performance Studies International. He counts among his students Kate Bornstein, Bess Armstrong, JoBeth Williams, Eve Gordon, Laura Linney, Aunjanue Ellis, Tim Blake Nelson, John Krasinski, playwright Dan OBrien and he has nurtured a love of theater in thousands of his students. Emigh is married to Ulrike Emigh and the father of Eric E. Emigh, and he is the father of Aaron Emigh and Rebecca Emigh from a previous marriage
32.
East Providence, Rhode Island
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East Providence is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 47,037 at the 2010 census, making it the fifth largest city in the state, East Providence is located at 41°48′5″N 71°21′39″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 16.6 square miles. The following villages are located in East Providence, East Providence Center Riverside Rumford The Mayor is Thomas Rose, finally, in 1661, Plymouth completed the North Purchase from which Attleboro, North Attleboro, and Cumberland were later formed. Over the whole the authorities gave the name Rehoboth, the center of this large settlement, which is sometimes referred to as Old Rehoboth, is within the borders of modern East Providence. In 1812, the half of Old Rehoboth was set off as a separate township called Seekonk. Old Rehoboths town center now became the heart of Old Seekonk, finally, in 1862, the western part of Old Seekonk was ceded to Rhode Island and incorporated as East Providence. In decades preceding the Civil War, Watchemoket Point was little more than a farming and fishing area with perhaps a few hundred residents, Watchemoket was situated directly across from the thriving city of Providence and thus benefited from the expansion of that community. More importantly, two bridges across the Seekonk River gave easy access to Watchmemoket, perhaps the first businesses to come to Watchemoket were inns built to service the large numbers of people coming through. The residents of Watchemoket also had their own library by the early 1870s, at first the organizers named it Ladies Library Association, but in 1885 they changed the named to Watchemoket Free Public Library. Already the commercial and population center of East Providence, by the mid-1880s, the town hall was moved from Rumford to the heart of the community, so it was more accessible. They purchased a lot on Taunton Avenue for $11,500 and that same year the East Providence Police Department opened its headquarters in the town hall. Beginning around 1900 and continuing until the onset of the Depression in 1930, large numbers of Portuguese from Providence, Fall River, New Bedford, by 1905, there were over 400 Portuguese in the town, the third highest in the state. The Portuguese, like other groups, were drawn to East Providence primarily by the lure of jobs. Many employment opportunities were available in the Watchemoket area, where numerous immigrants settled, for some time after the incorporation of the town in 1862, the area around the old Ring of the Green was referred to as East Providence Center. The official town hall was located here until 1889, as were several churches, moreover, the village was the population center of East Providence, containing many farms and mills along the Ten Mile River. Many people migrated from East Providence Center to the new center at Watchemoket, from the time of the Wannamoisett purchase in 1645 to the Civil War, the shore land from Watchemoket to Bullocks Point had remained a sparsely settled fishing and farming area. When East Providence was incorporated, no more than a few hundred of its residents made the village their home
33.
Waterford, Connecticut
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Waterford is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. It is named after Waterford, Ireland, the population was 19,517 at the 2010 census. The town center is listed as a place and had a population of 2,887 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 44.6 square miles, of which 32.8 square miles is land and 11.8 square miles. The town center CDP has an area of 1.9 square miles. Waterford is bordered on the west by the Niantic River, the first people emigrated from England in 1637, and came to the New London and Waterford area. One of the first people who set sail for this area was John Winthrop, the residents of Waterford resided in wigwams until they dug up plots for 38 houses near the Great Neck area. John Winthrop was given several hundred acres of land, including Millstone Point, various dams, mills, and ponds were constructed in these area. The only expansion of people in the Waterford-New London area were the growth of families, later on, more people immigrated to Waterford, including the Welsh, Italian, Russian, Irish, and Scottish. Waterford finally disbanded from New London on October 8,1801 and this happened after several farmers decided to hold a petition to separate them. The first town meeting was held in November,1801 to appoint town officials, tax collectors, town surveyors, Fence Viewers, only the first selectman got paid at the time. Waterford in the 19th century was an agricultural town, having mostly sheep farms. Waterford was also known for its granite industry that lasted from the late 19th century to the 1930s. Graniteville, a district in Waterford, is named after this industry, although not part of Graniteville, the area today known as Crystal Mall was also home to granite quarries. Waterfords granite was used in construction projects such as roads, the foundation for Fort Sumter. Granite though was replaced by concrete which slowly shrunk the granite industry until the 1930s, during the 20th century, sheep farms were replaced by dairy farms. Between 1920 and 1960, there were about 100 dairy farms in Waterford, in addition, there were 10 to 100 heads of cattle. Waterford also obtained its town seal in 1946 and it was made by Martin Branner who was a cartoonist who also made the famous comic, Winnie Winkle
34.
Royal Shakespeare Company
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The Royal Shakespeare Company is a major British theatre company, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The companys home is in Stratford-upon-Avon, where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare, the theatres re-opened in November 2010, having closed in 2007. The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week, performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre. The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio, the fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSCs greatest plays, including a new staging of Marat/Sade. For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad, in 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions – called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon – which are screened around the world. In 2016, the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest, John Wards Birmingham-based company, the Warwickshire Company of Comedians, agreed to perform it. A surviving copy of the records that the company performed Othello. The first building erected to commemorate Shakespeare was David Garricks Jubilee Pavilion in 1769, the first permanent commemorative building to Shakespeares works in the town was a theatre built in 1827, in the gardens of New Place, but has long since been demolished. The RSCs history began with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, which was the brainchild of a local brewer and he donated a two-acre site by the River Avon and in 1875 launched an international campaign to build a theatre in the town of Shakespeares birth. The theatre, a Victorian-Gothic building seating just over 700 people, opened on 23 April 1879, with a performance of Much Ado About Nothing, a title which gave ammunition to several critics. From 1919, under the direction of William Bridges-Adams and after a slow start, the theatre received a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1925, which gave it status. On the afternoon of 6 March 1926, when a new season was about to commence rehearsals, fire broke out, and the mass of half-timbering chosen to ornament the interior provided dry tinder. By the following morning the theatre was a blackened shell, the company transferred its Shakespeare festivals to a converted local cinema. Fund-raising began for the rebuilding of the theatre, with generous donations arriving from philanthropists in America, george Bernard Shaw commented that her design was the only one that showed any theatre sense. Her modernist plans for an art deco structure came under fire from many directions, later it came under the direction of Sir Barry Jackson in 1945, Anthony Quayle from 1948 to 1956 and Glen Byam Shaw 1957–1959, with an impressive roll-call of actors. Scotts building, with minor adjustments to the stage, remained in constant use until 2007 when it was closed for a major refit of the interior. Timeline,1932 – new Shakespeare Memorial Theatre opens, abutting the remains of the old,1961 – chartered name of the corporation and the Stratford theatre becomes ‘Royal Shakespeare. ’1974 – The Other Place opened, created from a prefabricated former store/rehearsal room in Stratford. 1986 – the Swan Theatre opened, created from the shell of the 1879 Memorial Theatre,1991 – Purpose-built new Other Place, designed by Michael Reardon, opens
35.
Late Night with Conan O'Brien
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Late Night with Conan OBrien is an American late-night talk show hosted by Conan OBrien that aired 2,725 episodes on NBC between 1993 and 2009. The show featured varied comedic material, celebrity interviews, and musical, Late Night aired weeknights at 12,37 am Eastern/11,37 pm Central and 12,37 am Mountain in the United States. From 1993 until 2000, Andy Richter served as OBriens sidekick, following his departure, the shows house musical act was The Max Weinberg 7, led by E Street Band drummer Max Weinberg. In 2004, as part of a deal to secure a new contract, Jimmy Fallon began hosting his version of Late Night on March 2,2009. Upon Johnny Carsons retirement from The Tonight Show in 1992, executives at NBC announced that Carsons frequent guest-host Jay Leno would be Carsons replacement, NBC later said that Lettermans high ratings for Late Night were the reason they kept him where he was. Letterman was bitterly disappointed and angry at not having been given The Tonight Show job and, at Carsons advice, CBS signed Letterman to host his own show opposite The Tonight Show. He moved his show over to CBS virtually unchanged, taking most of the staff, skits, however, NBC owned the rights to the Late Night name, forcing Letterman to re-christen his show Late Show with David Letterman. NBC was not prepared to replace both Letterman and Late Night, aside from the name, it needed to build a new show. Both Dana Carvey and Garry Shandling declined to host it, Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels was brought in to develop the new show and comedians Jon Stewart, Drew Carey, and Paul Provenza auditioned to host. Michaels suggested to Conan OBrien, a writer for The Simpsons and former writer for Saturday Night Live. Despite having about 40 seconds of television-performance experience as an extra on Saturday Night Live sketches. His guests were Jason Alexander and Mimi Rogers, and the took place on the set of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. OBrien was offered the show on April 26, and made his first meaningful television appearance later that day when Leno introduced him on Tonight, on the final episode of his 16-year run, OBrien stated that he owed his career to Lorne Michaels. OBriens Late Night debuted on September 13,1993, with Andy Richter chosen as OBriens sidekick, the premiere episode featured John Goodman, Drew Barrymore, and Tony Randall. The episode featured a cold open of OBriens walk to the studio with constant reminders that he was expected to live up to Letterman, after seeming to be unaffected by the comments, OBrien arrives at his dressing room and cheerfully prepares to hang himself. However, a warning that the show is about to start causes him to abandon his plans, OBriens inexperience was apparent and the show was generally considered mediocre by critics in terms of the hosts ability. The Chicago Sun-Times Lon Grankhe called OBrien nervous, unprepared and generally geeky and Tom Shales wrote As for OBrien and he giggles and titters, jiggles about and fiddles with his cuffs. He has dark, beady little eyes like a rabbit, hes one of the whitest white men ever
36.
The Office (UK TV series)
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The Office is a British mockumentary sitcom, first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 9 July 2001. Created, written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, Gervais also stars in the series, playing the central character, David Brent. Two six-episode series were made, along with a pair of 45-minute Christmas specials, when it was first shown on BBC Two, it was nearly cancelled due to low ratings, but it has since become one of the most successful of all British comedy exports. The show began airing in The United States on Cartoon Networks late night programing block, the show centres on themes of social clumsiness, the trivialities of human behaviour, self-importance and conceit, frustration, desperation and fame. The success of the led to a number of localised adaptations being produced for the television markets of other nations. The show is a mockumentary based in a branch of the fictitious paper company Wernham Hogg. Slough is a town immortalised for its lack of appeal by John Betjeman in his poem Slough, the office is headed by regional manager Brent, aided by his team leader Gareth Keenan played by Mackenzie Crook. Much of the comedic success stems from Brent, who frequently makes attempts to win favour with his employees. Brents character flaws are used to effect, including numerous verbal gaffes, inadvertent racism and sexism. Their flirtation soon builds to a romantic attraction, despite her engagement to the dour and laddish warehouse worker. A comparison between characters in different series is available here, the Office is essentially a character-based comedy, portraying the people who work in an office environment. While being more of a piece than star-driven, four characters are the primary focus of the show. Possessing a very narcissistic personality, he believes he is a maverick in the business world. Although he thinks he is patient, funny and popular, others perceive him as annoying, rude and selfish. Brent thinks he is a kind, politically correct man, but his preoccupation with this position, Tim Canterbury is a sales representative at Wernham Hogg. Unlike David, Tim is witty and considerate and his humour and kindness make him one of the most likeable employees in the office, but at 30 he still lives with his parents and works at a job he believes to be completely pointless. He maintains his sanity by pursuing a romance with receptionist Dawn Tinsley. Although he wishes to leave Wernham Hogg to study psychology, his insecurity prevents him taking any significant action
37.
Mockumentary
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A mockumentary or docucomedy is a type of movie or television show depicting fictional events but presented as a documentary. These productions are used to analyze or comment on current events and issues by using a fictional setting. While not always comedic, comedic mockumentaries are common, a dramatic mockumentary should not be confused with docudrama, a fictional genre in which dramatic techniques are combined with documentary elements to depict real events. Mockumentaries are often presented as documentaries, with B roll and talking heads discussing past events. Examples emerged during the 1950s when archival film footage became relatively easy to locate, a very early example was a short piece on the Swiss Spaghetti Harvest that appeared as an April fools joke on the British television program Panorama in 1957. The term mockumentary, which originated in the 1960s, was popularized in the mid-1980s when This Is Spinal Tap director Rob Reiner used it in interviews to describe that film. Mockumentaries are often partly or wholly improvised, as a style of acting helps to maintain the pretense of reality. Comedic mockumentaries rarely have laugh tracks, also to sustain the atmosphere, albert Brooks was also an early popularizer of the mockumentary style with his film Real Life,1979, a spoof of a PBS documentary. Woody Allens Take the Money and Run is presented in documentary-style with Allen playing a criminal, Virgil Starkwell. Jackson Beck, who used to narrate documentaries in the 1940s, fictional interviews are interspliced throughout, especially those of Starkwells parents who wear Groucho Marx noses and mustaches. The style of film was widely appropriated by others and revisited by Allen himself in films such as Zelig and Sweet. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the format has enjoyed considerable attention. In 1984, Christopher Guest co-wrote and starred in the mockumentary This is Spinal Tap, directed by Rob Reiner, films such as Waiting for Guffman, Best in Show, and A Mighty Wind, all written with costar Eugene Levy, were critical successes. Man Bites Dog is a 1992 Belgian black comedy crime mockumentary written, produced, and directed by Rémy Belvaux, André Bonzel, in 1995, directed by Peter Jackson and Costa Botes, Forgotten Silver claimed New Zealand director Colin McKenzie to be a pioneer in filmmaking. When the film was revealed to be a mockumentary, Jackson received criticism for tricking viewers. In 1999, Drop Dead Gorgeous by Michael Patrick Jann used the style to narrate a fictional small-town beauty pageant as a way to satirize Middle America. Dark Side of the Moon is a 2002 French mockumentary by director William Karel, the premise for the film is the theory that the television footage from the Apollo 11 Moon landing was faked and actually recorded in a studio by the CIA with help from director Stanley Kubrick. FUBAR is a 2002 Canadian mockumentary film, directed by Michael Dowse, the Confederate States of America is a 2004 mockumentary presenting an alternative history in which the Confederacy won the American Civil War
38.
Scranton, Pennsylvania
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Scranton is the sixth-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania behind Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie and Reading. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County in Northeastern Pennsylvanias Wyoming Valley, with a population of 77,118, it is the largest city in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of about 570,000. Scranton was incorporated on February 14,1856, as a borough in Luzerne County and it became a major industrial city, a center of mining and railroads, and attracted thousands of new immigrants. It was the site of the Scranton General Strike in 1877, people in northern Luzerne County began to seek a new county in 1839 but the Wilkes-Barre area resisted losing its assets. Lackawanna County did not gain independent status until 1878, under legislation allowing the issue to be voted by residents of the proposed territory, voters favored the new county by a proportion of 6 to 1, with Scranton residents providing the major support. The city was designated as the county seat when Lackawanna County was established in 1878, the city took its first step toward earning its reputation as the Electric City when electric lights were introduced in 1880 at Dickson Locomotive Works. Six years later, the nations first streetcars powered exclusively by electricity began operating in the city, rev. David Spencer, a local Baptist minister, later proclaimed Scranton as the Electric City. Present-day Scranton and its area had been long inhabited by the native Lenape tribe. In 1778, Isaac Tripp, the areas first known European-American settler, built his home here, it stands in North Scranton. More settlers from Connecticut came to the area in the late 18th and early 19th centuries after the American Revolutionary War and they gradually established mills and other small businesses in a village that became known as Slocum Hollow. People in the village during this time carried the traits and the accent of their New England settlers, though anthracite coal was being mined in Carbondale to the north and Wilkes-Barre to the south, the industries that precipitated the citys early rapid growth were iron and steel. It initially started producing nails, but that venture failed due to low-quality iron. The Erie Railroads construction in New York State was delayed by its having to iron rails as imports from England. The Scrantons firm decided to focus to producing T-rails for the Erie. In 1851, the Scrantons built the Lackawanna and Western Railroad northward, with recent Irish immigrants supplying most of the labor, to meet the Erie Railroad in Great Bend, thus they could transport manufactured rails from the Lackawanna Valley to New York and the Midwest. They also invested in mining operations in the city to fuel their steel operations. In 1856, they expanded the railroad eastward as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and this railroad, with its hub in Scranton, would be Scrantons largest employer for almost one hundred years. The Pennsylvania Coal Company built a gravity railroad in the 1850s through the city for the purpose of transporting coal, the gravity railroad was replaced by a steam railroad built in 1886 by the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad
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