Sir John McEwen was an Australian politician and farmer who served as the 18th prime minister of Australia from 1967 to 1968. He was the leader of the Country Party from 1958 to 1971, serving as prime minister in a caretaker capacity following the disappearance of prime minister Harold Holt. He subsequently served as the inaugural deputy prime minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971.

The 1934 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 15 September 1934. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent United Australia Party led by Prime Minister of Australia Joseph Lyons formed a minority government, with 33 out of 74 seats in the House.