1.
Schenectady, New York
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Schenectady /skᵻˈnɛktədi/ is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 66,135, the name Schenectady is derived from a Mohawk word skahnéhtati meaning beyond the pines. The city was founded on the side of the Mohawk River by Dutch colonists in the 17th century. They were prohibited from the fur trade by the Albany monopoly, residents of the new village developed farms on strip plots along the river. Connected to the west via the Mohawk River and Erie Canal, by 1824 more people worked in manufacturing than agriculture or trade, and the city had a cotton mill, processing cotton from the Deep South. Numerous mills in New York had such ties with the South, the city was part of emerging technologies, with GE collaborating in the production of nuclear-powered submarines and, in the 21st century, working on other forms of renewable energy. The city is in eastern New York, near the confluence of the Mohawk and it is in the same metropolitan area as the state capital, Albany, which is about 19 miles southeast. In December 2014, the announced that the city was one of three sites selected for development of off-reservation casino gambling, under terms of a 2013 state constitutional amendment. The project would redevelop an ALCO brownfield site in the city along the waterfront, with hotels, housing, when first encountered by Europeans, the Mohawk Valley was the territory of the Mohawk nation, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, or Haudenosaunee. They had occupied territory in the region since at least 1100 AD, in the 1640s, the Mohawk had three major villages, all on the south side of the Mohawk River. The easternmost one was Ossernenon, located about 9 miles west of present-day Auriesville, about 3200 acres of this unique ecosystem are now protected as the Albany Pine Bush. Eventually, this word entered the lexicon of the Dutch settlers, the settlers in Fort Orange used skahnéhtati to refer to the new village at the Mohawk flats, which became known as Schenectady. In 1661 Arent van Curler, a Dutch immigrant bought a big piece of land on the side of the Mohawk River. Other colonists were given grants of land by the government in this portion of the flat fertile river valley. The settlers recognized that these bottomlands had been cultivated for maize by the Mohawk for centuries, Van Curler took the largest piece of land, the remainder was divided into 50-acre plots for the other first fourteen proprietors. As most early colonists were from the Fort Orange area, they may have anticipated working as fur traders, the settlers here turned to farming. Their 50-acre lots were unique for the colony, laid out in strips along the Mohawk River, with the narrow edges fronting the river and they relied on rearing livestock and wheat. From the early days of interaction, early Dutch traders in the valley had unions with Mohawk women and their children were raised within the Mohawk community, which had a matrilineal kinship system, considering children born into the mothers clan
Schenectady, New York
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Nott Memorial Hall, Union College
Schenectady, New York
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Former GE headquarters building
Schenectady, New York
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Proctor's Theatre
Schenectady, New York
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An accordion-playing guide welcomes visitors to a restored Dutch home in the Schenectady Stockade District
2.
Passion Fish
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Passion Fish is a 1992 American film written and directed by John Sayles. The film stars Mary McDonnell, Alfre Woodard, Vondie Curtis-Hall, David Strathairn, Leo Burmester, may-Alice Culhane, a New York daytime soap opera actress, is left paralyzed after an accident on her way to getting her legs waxed, which she finds ironic. As the film opens, she lies in a bed, confused and scared, watching her own show on TV and shrieking. With no other options, she returns to her familys old and empty home in Louisiana and her outlook begins to change with the arrival of Chantelle, a nurse with her own life problems. The two gradually find a connection with each other, and as a result, their lives subtly change. It holds a 100% Certified Fresh and average rating of 7. 7/10 on review site Rotten Tomatoes, Passion Fish was limitedly released on December 9,1992, running for one week, the minimum required to make it eligible for consideration at the next years Academy Awards. The film earned $36,332 in the week from showings in two theaters, after receiving Academy Award nominations in February 1993, the film was released to 191 theaters, where it earned over 99% of its gross of $4.8 million. Passion Fish at the Internet Movie Database Passion Fish at AllMovie Passion Fish at Rotten Tomatoes Passion Fish film trailer on YouTube
Passion Fish
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Theatrical release poster
3.
Lone Star (1996 film)
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Lone Star is a 1996 American mystery film written and directed by John Sayles and set in a small town in Texas. The ensemble cast features Chris Cooper, Kris Kristofferson, Matthew McConaughey and Elizabeth Peña, Sheriff Sam Deeds is the county sheriff in Frontera, Texas. He was born and raised in Frontera, and returned two years ago to be sheriff, sams late father had been the legendary Sheriff Buddy Deeds, who is remembered as fair and just. Sam had problems with his father and the pair routinely fought, as a teenager, Sam had been in love with Mercedess daughter Pilar, but the courtship was strongly opposed by Buddy and Mercedes. After a chance meeting, Sam and the widowed Pilar, now a local teacher, colonel Delmore Payne has recently arrived in town as the commander of the local U. S. Army base. Delmore is the son of Otis Big O Payne, a nightclub owner. The two are estranged because of Otiss serial infidelity and abandonment of Delmores mother when Delmore was a child, relic hunters discover a human skeleton on an old shooting range along with a Masonic ring, a Rio County sheriffs badge, and a bullet not used by the military. Sam brings in Texas Ranger Ben Wetzel to help with the case, Wetzel tells Sam that forensics identify the skeleton as that of Charlie Wade, the corrupt sheriff who preceded Buddy. Wade had mysteriously disappeared in 1957, taking $10,000 in county funds, Sam investigates the events leading up to Wades murder. Wade used this method to murder Cruzs husband, Eladio, in front of Deputy Hollis, Sam travels to San Antonio, where he visits his marginally mentally ill ex-wife Bunny and searches through his fathers things, where he discovers love letters to Buddys mistress. Sam confronts Hollis and Otis about Wades murder, Wade extorted money from a young Otis for running an illegal gambling operation in the bar, then was about to use his resisting arrest setup to kill Otis. Buddy arrived just as Hollis shot Wade to prevent Otiss murder, the three buried the body and took the $10,000 from the county and gave it to Mercedes – who was destitute after Eladios recent death – to buy her restaurant. Hollis reveals that Buddy and Mercedes did not take up some time later. Sam decides to drop the issue, saying it will remain an unsolved mystery, Hollis voices concern that, when the skeleton is revealed to be Wade, people will assume Buddy killed him to take his job, to which Sam states that Buddys legend can handle it. Sam learns that Hollis and Mercedes have recruited his own deputy to run against him in the next election and he decides to not run for re-election. Sam tells Pilar that Eladio died 18 months, rather than a few weeks, Sam shows Pilar an old photo of Buddy and Mercedes, revealing that Buddy is her father. Both are hurt over the deception but decide that, since she cannot have any children, they will continue their romantic relationship. The movie was filmed in Del Rio, Eagle Pass and Laredo, the film received highly positive reviews, with Rotten Tomatoes reporting that 43 out of 46 reviews were positive for a score of 93% and a certification of fresh
Lone Star (1996 film)
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Theatrical release poster
4.
Men with Guns
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Men with Guns is a 1997 American drama film written and directed by John Sayles and starring Federico Luppi, Damián Delgado, Damián Alcázar and Mandy Patinkin. The executive producers were Lou Gonda and Jody Patton, set in an unnamed Latin American country, it is the story of one mans discovery of what actually happened in the political history of his nation as well as his students. It was filmed in Mexico and most of the crew were Mexican, dr. Fuentes is a medical professor/doctor near his retirement and his wife has recently died. It is not until he begins his journey that he discovers a much different than the one he had imagined existing for his students as he finds himself encountering guerrillas. Fuentes has recently heard rumors that his students are lost and possibly dead, so he musters up the courage. As Fuentes digs into the jungle in search of his students, he discovers that men with guns have reached them first and this indicates military forces who use torture and execution to intimidate people. He discovers that the guerillas from opposition groups are only marginally less aggressive. Fuentes finds that his journey is revealing but also perilous the deeper he ventures, as the doctor and his companions get closer to this half-mythical place, the journey becomes a quest for both safety and an assurance for Fuentes that his life has had some meaning. John Sayles films tend to be aware and social concerns are a theme running through most of his work. This films idea came from his friends, one of whom was the novelist Francisco Goldman and he had an uncle who was a doctor in Guatemala and was involved in an international health program. A few years later he came to find out that most of his students, Sayles does not name the country in the film, and the music he uses is quite eclectic and not tied to any specific Latin American country. This is because Sayles did not want people to think that it can happen in El Salvador. He felt the film has universal overtones and the events portrayed in the story could have happened anywhere on the planet. Roger Ebert, film critic writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, liked the film, and wrote, Men With Guns is immensely moving and sad, and yet because it dares so much, it is an exhilarating film. Critic Jack Mathews liked Sayles straightforward unadorned style, and he wrote, Men With Guns is a trip, with a lot of translated conversation. The actors are said to be speaking in four dialects, and theres nothing about the film, other than the couple used as comic relief. Sayles has never been a visual stylist, and his latest film is as straightforward, the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 89% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on twenty-seven reviews. Nominated Donostia-San Sebastián International Film Festival, Golden Seashell, John Sayles,1997, british Independent Film Awards, Best Foreign Independent Film Award, Foreign Language,1998
Men with Guns
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DVD cover
5.
Golden Globe
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe
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The Golden Globe statuette
6.
Return of the Secaucus 7
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Return of the Secaucus 7 is a 1980 drama film written and directed by John Sayles and starring Bruce MacDonald, Maggie Renzi, Adam LeFevre, Maggie Cousineau, Gordon Clapp, Jean Passanante, and others. The film tells the story of seven friends who spend a weekend together in New Hampshire, the weekend is marred by the break-up of a relationship between two of the friends. This causes an effect among the group and brings up old desires. The picture was thought to have inspired The Big Chill, which is a widely known film with a similar storyline. However, writer/director Lawrence Kasdan has denied having seen Return of the Secaucus 7 before working on The Big Chill, Bruce MacDonald as Mike Donnelly Maggie Renzi as Katie Sipriano Adam LeFevre as J. T. But Sayles uses effectively a discursive, episodic format, he constructs strong scenes with resonant dialogue, the characters are complex and individually distinguished by speech, gesture, and manner. Critic Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat wrote, Heres a nice little movie about the baby boom generation. Novelist John Sayles wrote, directed, and edited this movie. We watch these laidback individuals share their stories and reminisce about the past. But these baby boomers cant handle tension, the rift between Jeff and Maura sends tremors through the weekend. And although they put up a front of having a good time, Return of the Secaucus Seven leaves one with a rueful feeling about this generation. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 80% of critics gave the film a positive review, wins Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, LAFCA Award, Best Screenplay, John Sayles,1980. Boston Society of Film Critics Awards, BSFC Award, Best Independent Film,1981, nominations Writers Guild of America, East, WGA Award, Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen, John Sayles,1981
Return of the Secaucus 7
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DVD cover
7.
National Film Registry
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The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
National Film Registry
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Logo for the National Film Registry
National Film Registry
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The 47-second long
The Kiss (1896) was one of the first films shown commercially to the public.
National Film Registry
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The Great Train Robbery (1903) used a variety of editing techniques that were becoming popular at the time of its release.
National Film Registry
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Although not the first animated film,
Gertie the Dinosaur became the first popular cartoon.
8.
Williams College
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Williams College is a highly selective private liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. It was established in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim Williams, there are three academic curricular divisions,24 departments,33 majors, and two small masters degree programs in art history and development economics. Students may also concentrate in 12 additional academic areas that are not offered as majors, the academic year follows a 4–1–4 schedule of two four-course semesters plus a one-course winter study term in January. There are 334 voting faculty members, with a student-to-faculty ratio of 7,1, as of 2012, the school has an enrollment of 2,052 undergraduate students and 54 graduate students. Certain portions of the Williams education are modeled after the systems at the universities of Oxford. Williams is on a 450-acre campus in Williamstown, Massachusetts in the Berkshires in rural northwestern Massachusetts, the campus contains more than 100 academic, athletic, and residential buildings. The college competes in the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference, the Williams college mascot is a purple cow. The college has produced prominent alumni, including 7 Pulitzer Prize winners. Other notable alumni include 35 Rhodes Scholars,17 Marshall Scholarship winners, Colonel Ephraim Williams was an officer in the Massachusetts militia and a member of a prominent landowning family. His will included a bequest to support and maintain a school to be established in the town of West Hoosac, Massachusetts. Williams was killed at the Battle of Lake George on September 8,1755, after Shays Rebellion, the Williamstown Free School opened with 15 students on October 26,1791. The first president was Ebenezer Fitch, not long after its founding, the schools trustees petitioned the Massachusetts legislature to convert the free school to a tuition-based college. The legislature agreed and on June 22,1793, Williams College was chartered and it was the second college to be founded in Massachusetts. At its founding, the college maintained a policy of racial segregation and this policy was challenged by Lucy Terry Prince, who is credited as the first black American poet, when her son Festus was refused admission on account of his race. In 1806, a student prayer meeting gave rise to the American Foreign Mission Movement, in August of that year, five students met in the maple grove of Sloans Meadow to pray. A thunderstorm drove them to the shelter of a haystack, the students went on to build the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the first American organization to send missionaries overseas. The Haystack Monument near Mission Park on the Williams Campus commemorates the historic Haystack Prayer Meeting, by 1815, Williams had only two buildings and 58 students and was in financial trouble, so the board voted to move the college to Amherst, Massachusetts. In 1821, the president of the college, Zephaniah Swift Moore and he took 15 students with him, and re-founded the college under the name of Amherst College
Williams College
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Haystack monument
Williams College
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Williams College
Seal
Williams College
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Thompson Chapel and Lasell Gym bell towers
Williams College
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Chapin Hall
9.
Martin Scorsese
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Martin Charles Scorsese is an American director, producer, screenwriter, and film historian, whose career spans more than 50 years. Scorseses body of work addresses such themes as Sicilian-American identity, Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, faith, machismo, modern crime, many of his films are also known for their depiction of violence and liberal use of profanity. Part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmaking, he is regarded as one of the most significant. In 1990, he founded The Film Foundation, an organization dedicated to film preservation. Their third film together, The Departed, won Scorsese the Academy Award for Best Director in addition to the winning the award for Best Picture. Their collaborations have resulted in numerous Academy Award nominations for both as well as winning several other prestigious awards. His work in television includes the episode of the HBO series Boardwalk Empire and Vinyl. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the crime drama The Departed, with eight Best Director nominations, he is the most nominated living director and is tied with Billy Wilder for the second most nominations overall. Scorsese was born in Queens, New York and his family moved to Little Italy, Manhattan before he started school. His father, Charles Scorsese, and mother, Catherine Scorsese and his father was a clothes presser and an actor, and his mother was a seamstress and an actress. His fathers parents emigrated from Polizzi Generosa, in the province of Palermo, Sicily, Scorsese was raised in a devoutly Catholic environment. As a teenager in the Bronx, Scorsese frequently rented Powell, Scorsese was one of only two people who regularly rented that reel. The other was future Night Of The Living Dead director George A. Romero, Scorsese has cited Sabu and Victor Mature as his favorite actors during his youth. He has also spoken of the influence of the 1947 Powell and Pressburger film Black Narcissus, whose innovative techniques later impacted his filmmaking. Enamored of historical epics in his adolescence, at least two films of the genre, Land of the Pharaohs and El Cid, appear to have had a deep, Scorsese also developed an admiration for neorealist cinema at this time. He acknowledges owing a debt to the French New Wave and has stated that the French New Wave has influenced all filmmakers who have worked since. He has also cited filmmakers including Satyajit Ray, Ingmar Bergman, Michelangelo Antonioni and he went on to earn his M. F. A. from NYUs School of the Arts in 1966, a year after the school was founded. Scorsese attended New York Universitys Tisch School of the Arts making the short films Whats a Nice Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This. and Its Not Just You, Murray
Martin Scorsese
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Scorsese at the 2010
Cannes Film Festival
Martin Scorsese
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From left:
Salvo Cuccia, Martin Scorsese and
Vittorio De Seta at the
2005 Tribeca Film Festival
Martin Scorsese
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Scorsese at the
Gangs of New York screening at the
Cannes Film Festival with
Leonardo DiCaprio and
Cameron Diaz
Martin Scorsese
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Martin Scorsese at the 65th Annual Peabody Awards
10.
James Cameron
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James Francis Jim Cameron is a Canadian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter, inventor, engineer, philanthropist, and deep-sea explorer. He first found success with the science fiction action film The Terminator. He then became a popular Hollywood director and was hired to write and direct Aliens and he found further critical acclaim for his use of special effects in Terminator 2, Judgment Day. After his film True Lies Cameron took on his biggest film at the time, Titanic, despite Avatar being his only movie made to date in 3D, Cameron is the most successful 3D film-maker in terms of box-office revenue. In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films and co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System, described by a biographer as part scientist and part artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies. On March 26,2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench and he is the first person to do this in a solo descent, and is only the third person to do so ever. In total, Camerons directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America, not adjusted for inflation, Camerons Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.19 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. Cameron also holds the achievement of having directed two of the three films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide, in March 2011, he was named Hollywoods top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million. Cameron was born in 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley, an artist and nurse, and Phillip Cameron and his paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland, in 1825. Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario, and attended Stamford Collegiate School in Niagara Falls and his family moved to Brea, California in 1971, when Cameron was 17 years old. He dropped out of Sonora High School, then attended Brea Olinda High School to further his secondary education, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a two-year community college, in 1973 to study physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the start of the fall 1974 semester, next, he worked several jobs, including as a truck driver, writing when he had time. That way I could sit down and read it, and if theyd let me photocopy it, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry after seeing Star Wars in 1977. When Cameron read Syd Fields book Screenplay, it occurred to him that science and art was possible. They raised money, rented camera, lenses, film stock and they dismantled the camera to understand how to operate it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running. He was the director, writer, producer, and production designer for Xenogenesis and he then became a production assistant on a film called Rock and Roll High School, though uncredited, in 1979. While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model maker at Roger Corman Studios, making rapidly produced, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars and he did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenters Escape from New York, acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror, and consulted on the design of Android
James Cameron
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Cameron in June 2012
James Cameron
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Cameron in September 1986
James Cameron
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The producing team behind Aliens, James Cameron and Gale Ann Hurd
James Cameron
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Cameron promoting Avatar during the 2009
San Diego Comic-Con
11.
Roger Corman
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Roger William Corman is an American independent film producer, director, and actor. He has been called The Pope of Pop Cinema and is known as a trailblazer in the world of independent film, much of Cormans work has an established critical reputation, such as his cycle of low budget cult films adapted from the tales of Edgar Allan Poe. In 2009, he was awarded an Honorary Academy Award, Corman mentored and gave a start to many young film directors such as Francis Ford Coppola, Ron Howard, Martin Scorsese and James Cameron. He also helped to launch the careers of actors Peter Fonda, a documentary about Cormans life and career entitled Cormans World, Exploits of a Hollywood Rebel, directed by Alex Stapleton, premiered at the Sundance and Cannes Film Festivals in 2011. The films TV rights were picked up by A&E IndieFilms after a screening at Sundance. Corman was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Anne and William Corman and his younger brother, Eugene Harold Gene Corman, has also produced numerous films, sometimes in collaboration with Roger. Corman and his brother were baptized in their mothers Catholic faith, Corman went to Beverly Hills High School and then to Stanford University to study Industrial Engineering. While at Stanford, Corman enlisted in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, after the end of World War II, Corman returned to Stanford and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1947. While at Stanford University, Roger Corman was initiated in the fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, in 1948, he worked briefly at U. S. Electrical Motors on Slauson Avenue in Los Angeles, but his career in engineering lasted only four days, he work on Monday and quit on Thursday. More interested in film, Corman found work at 20th Century Fox initially in the mail room and he worked his way up to a story reader. The one property that he liked the most and provided ideas for was filmed as The Gunfighter with Gregory Peck, when Corman received no credit at all he left Fox and decided he would work in film by himself. Under the GI Bill, Corman studied English Literature at Oxford University and he then returned to Los Angeles, beginning his film career in 1953 as a producer and screenwriter, then started directing films in 1955. Corman began to direct films in the mid-1950s, including Swamp Women, in his early period, he produced up to nine movies a year. His fastest film was perhaps The Little Shop of Horrors, which was shot in two days and one night. Supposedly, he had made a bet that he could shoot a feature film in less than three days. Another version of the claims that he had a set rented for a month. In addition to producing and directing films for American International Pictures, in 1959, Corman founded Filmgroup with his brother Gene, a company producing or releasing low-budget black-and-white films as double features for drive-ins and action houses
Roger Corman
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Corman at the
Odessa International Film Festival, 2013
Roger Corman
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Corman in 2006
12.
National Film Preservation Board
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The United States National Film Preservation Board is the board selecting films for preservation in the Library of Congress National Film Registry. It was established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, the National Film Registry is meant to preserve up to 25 culturally, historically or aesthetically significant films each year, to be eligible, films must be at least 10 years old. Members of the Board also advise the Librarian of Congress on ongoing development, the NFPB is a federal agency located within the Library of Congress. The NFPB was established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, Congress in 1996, at the recommendation of the Library of Congress, following four years of hearings and research conducted by the National Film Preservation Board. Funding received through the NFPF’s authorization is secured through the Library of Congress, National Film Registry National Film Preservation Foundation National Recording Preservation Board About the National Film Preservation Board Publications Moving Image Resources
National Film Preservation Board
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Contents
13.
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement
Library of Congress
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Construction of the
Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888, to May 15, 1894.
Library of Congress
Library of Congress
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The West façade of the Library of Congress in 1898
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress inside the
U.S. Capitol Building c. 1890
14.
Rosanna Arquette
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Rosanna Lisa Arquette is an American actress, film director, and producer. Her other film roles include After Hours, The Big Blue, Pulp Fiction and she also directed the 2002 documentary Searching for Debra Winger, and starred from 2006 to 2007 on the ABC sitcom What About Brian. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette and her mother was Jewish, from a family that emigrated from Poland and Russia. Her father, whose surname was originally Arcouet, was of part French Canadian descent. Her father was a convert from Catholicism to Islam, through him and her siblings, Patricia, Alexis, Richmond, and David, are also actors. Arquette has appeared in television and screen films. In 1982, she earned an Emmy Award nomination for the TV film The Executioners Song, Arquettes first starring role was in John Sayless 1983 film, Baby Its You, a highly regarded but little seen film. She starred in Desperately Seeking Susan alongside pop singer Madonna, for which she won a British Academy Film Awards for her supporting role despite her clearly being the lead. Madonna was breaking out at the time and though many feel that while Arquettes performance was central to the movies success and she had negotiated a deal where she would provide a song for the movie. Into The Groove became a hit for Madonna as did the movie itself. In an interview at the time, Arquette said The two questions I hate the most are What was it like working with Madonna. and Are you the Rosanna in the song Rosanna, in 1989, director Martin Scorsese offered her a part in New York Stories. Other movies of note are Pulp Fiction and the David Cronenberg film, Crash, in 1990, Arquette appeared on the cover and in a nude pictorial in Playboys September issue, although she claimed it was without her prior knowledge or consent. In recent years, Arquette has expanded into directing, including the documentaries Searching for Debra Winger and All We Are Saying, Arquette appeared in the short running What About Brian as Nicole Varsi and on Showtimes The L Word as Cherie Jaffe. She also guest starred on Malcolm in the Middle as a healer named Anita who takes Malcolms virginity, bryan Cranston, one of her former co-stars from Amazon Women on the Moon, also played Malcolms dad Hal. In 2009, she joined Fit Parent Magazine, founded by Craig Knight, Arquette stars in the French thriller The Divide, directed by Xavier Gens. In August 2013, Arquette married her husband, investment banker Todd Morgan. Her previous marriages, to director Tony Greco, film composer James Newton Howard and she has one daughter, Zoe Bleu, with Sidel. Rosanna Arquette at the Internet Movie Database Rosanna Arquette at AllMovie 1M1 Records Rosanna Arquette is Wendy Cracked a Walnut
Rosanna Arquette
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Arquette at 2012
Monte-Carlo Television Festival.
15.
Lianna
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Lianna is a 1983 drama film written and directed by John Sayles. It features Linda Griffiths, Jane Hallaren, Jon DeVries, among others, Lianna is the wife of a college professor teaching film and media at a university in a small to midsized town in New Jersey, and the mother of two children. In an attempt to give her more freedom, at his request. Becoming more involved in the class and interacting with the professor, she realizes she has a crush on the instructor. Ruth invites Lianna over to her home for dinner and they talk into the night and they eventually sleep together and begin an affair, complicated by Liannas husbands affair with one of his students. Lianna leaves her husband after a particularly ugly fight to live alone for the first time in years, Lianna visits a lesbian bar and attempts to connect with other lesbians through a string of affairs to explore her new identity. The staff at Variety magazine gave the film a review and wrote, John Sayles again uses a keen intelligence and finely tuned ear to tackle the nature of friendship. They especially praised the acting and the characters reactions to Liannas lesbian affair. He elaborated that Lianna is too ideologically single-minded while failing to offer any new insight or perspective on the subject of lesbianism and he also criticized the truly embarrassing audiovisual montages, citing as an example the lesbian love scene being accompanied by the sounds of the women whispering in French. Reviewing Liannas release on DVD, film critic Glenn Erickson called it daring and he found the films strongest point to be that rather than becoming a melodrama of scandal, it focuses on the protagonists isolation and self-discovery. By his analysis, the film sidesteps position statements and stresses intimate character touches, Lianna doesnt ask us to condemn or condone anything, but simply to be understanding and sympathetic with each other. Critics Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat wrote, The screenplay by John Sayles is both congenial and wise, viewers are sure to find much to savor in the moral and emotional confrontations. Lianna muses upon love, friendship, and camaraderie in a fresh and it is an appealing movie worth experiencing
Lianna
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DVD release cover
16.
MacArthur Fellowship
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The MacArthur Fellows Program, MacArthur Fellowship, or Genius Grant, is a prize awarded annually by the John D. and Catherine T. According to the Foundations website, the fellowship is not a reward for past accomplishment, but rather an investment in a persons originality, insight, the current prize is $625,000 paid over five years in quarterly installments. This figure was increased from $500,000 in 2013 with the release of a review of the MacArthur Fellows Program, since 1981,942 people have been named MacArthur Fellows, ranging in age from 18 to 82. The award has been called one of the most significant awards that is no strings attached. Anonymous and confidential nominations are invited by the Foundation and reviewed by an anonymous, the committee reviews all nominees and recommends recipients to the President and board of directors. Most new Fellows first learn of their nomination upon receiving a phone call. MacArthur Fellow Jim Collins described this experience in a column of The New York Times. Cecilia Conrad is the Managing Director leading the MacArthur Fellows Program and she debunked several myths about the Fellowship in The Washington Post. Guggenheim Fellowship MacArthur Fellows Program website
MacArthur Fellowship
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Robert Penn Warren
MacArthur Fellowship
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William Gaddis
MacArthur Fellowship
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John Sayles
MacArthur Fellowship
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Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
17.
The Brother from Another Planet
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The Brother from Another Planet is a 1984 science fiction film written, directed and edited by John Sayles. It stars Joe Morton as The Brother, an alien and escaped slave who, while fleeing Another Planet, has crash-landed and it has been also described as a film in the Afrofuturism genre. Upon arrival in Ellis Island, the Brother displays psychic powers, the Brother also has telekinetic powers but, unable to speak, he struggles to express himself and adjust to his new surroundings, including a stint in the Job Corps at a video arcade in Manhattan. The Brother has escaped enslavement on the planet he comes from and this is made evident in the film when he is in a museum with a young boy. He points to an illustration, displayed in the museum, depicting an enslaved African American who is running away, and then points to himself, indicating a similarity. While the Brother does not speak, much of the consists of other characters blabbing on to him, seemingly unaware. This can be interpreted as a commentary on how self-absorbed people are, Sayles describes this movie as being about the immigrant experience of assimilation. He spent part of his MacArthur Fellows genius grant on the film, vincent Canby called it a nice, unsurprising shaggy-dog story that goes on far too long but singled out Joe Mortons sweet, wise, unaggressive performance. The Brother from Another Planet at the Internet Movie Database The Brother from Another Planet at AllMovie The Brother from Another Planet film preview at YouTube
The Brother from Another Planet
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Theatrical release poster
18.
Harlem
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Harlem is a large neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Since the 1920s, Harlem has been known as a major African-American residential, cultural, originally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1658, it is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. Harlems history has been defined by a series of economic boom-and-bust cycles, African-American residents began to arrive by a lot in 1905, with numbers fed by the Great Migration. In the 1920s and 1930s, Central and West Harlem were the focus of the Harlem Renaissance, however, with job losses in the time of the Great Depression and the deindustrialization of New York City after World War II, rates of crime and poverty increased significantly. Harlems African-American population peaked in the 1950s, in the second half of the 20th century, Harlem became a major hub of African-American businesses. In 2008, the United States Census found that for the first time since the 1930s, less than half of residents were black, since New York Citys revival in the late 20th century, long-time residents of Harlem have been experiencing the effects of gentrification and new wealth. Harlem is located in Upper Manhattan, often referred to as Uptown by locals. Central Harlem is bounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Central Park on the south, Morningside Park, St. Nicholas Avenue and Edgecombe Avenue on the west, and the Harlem River on the north. A chain of three large linear parks—Morningside Park, St. Nicholas Park and Jackie Robinson Park—are situated on steeply rising banks, on the east, Fifth Avenue and Marcus Garvey Park, also known as Mount Morris Park, separate this area from East Harlem. The bulk of the falls under Manhattan Community Board No.10. In the late 2000s, South Harlem, emerged from area redevelopment, the West Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattanville and Hamilton Heights comprise part of Manhattan Community Board No.9. The two neighborhoods area is bounded by Cathedral Parkway on the South, 155th Street on the North, nicholas/Bradhurst/Edgecome Avenues on the East, and Riverside Park/the Hudson River on the west. Morningside Heights is located in the southern most section of West Harlem, Manhattanville begins at roughly 123rd Street and extends northward to 135th Street. The northern most section of West Harlem is Hamilton Heights, the New York City Police Department patrols six precincts located within Harlem. The New York City Fire Department operates 9 firehouses in Harlem, as many as several hundred farmed the Harlem flatlands. Between 1637 and 1639, a few settlements were established, during the American Revolution, the British burned Harlem to the ground. It took a time to rebuild, as Harlem grew more slowly than the rest of Manhattan during the late 18th century. After the American Civil War, Harlem experienced an economic boom starting in 1868, the neighborhood continued to serve as a refuge for New Yorkers, but increasingly those coming north were poor and Jewish or Italian
Harlem
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Stately Harlem apartment buildings adjacent to
Morningside Park
Harlem
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The
Apollo Theater on
125th Street, in November 2006.
Harlem
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Rowhouse built for the African-American population of Harlem in the 1930s
Harlem
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A condemned building in Harlem after the 1970s
19.
Men in black
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It is sometimes implied that they may be aliens themselves. The term is generic, used for any unusual, threatening or strangely behaved individual whose appearance on the scene can be linked in some fashion with a UFO sighting, several alleged encounters with the men in black have been reported by UFO researchers and enthusiasts. Stories about allegedly real-life men in black inspired the science fiction Men in Black franchise of comic books, films. Folklorist Peter Rojcewicz compares accounts of men in black to tales of people encountering Lucifer, Men in black figure prominently in ufology and UFO folklore. In the 1950s and 60s, UFOlogists adopted a conspiratorial mindset, in 1947, Harold Dahl claimed to have been warned not to talk about his alleged UFO sighting on Maury Island by a man in a dark suit. In the mid 1950s, the ufologist Albert K. Bender claimed he was visited by men in suits who threatened and warned him not to continue investigating UFOs. Bender believed the men in black were secret government agents tasked with suppressing evidence of UFOs, the ufologist John Keel claimed to have had encounters with men in black and referred to them as demonic supernaturals with dark skin and/or “exotic” facial features. According to the ufologist Jerome Clark, reports of men in black represent experiences that seem to have occurred in the world of consensus reality. Historian Aaron Gulyas wrote, during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, UFO conspiracy theorists would incorporate the Men in Black into their increasingly complex, in his article, Gray Barker, My Friend, the Myth-Maker, John C. Richard H. Pratt
Men in black
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A stylized depiction of a Man in Black.
20.
Miami Book Fair International
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The Miami Book Fair International is an annual literary festival event realized in Miami by Miami Dade College. The mission of Miami Book Fair International is to promote reading, encourage writing, and heighten an awareness of literacy, the eight-day book festival has draws hundreds of thousands of book lovers to downtown Miami each November for a festival of all things read and written. A collection of select book fair sessions, dating back to 2006, are available in audio, the two-day street fair grew steadily each year and by the 1990s, the renamed Miami Book Fair International had become the largest literary festival in the country. The now-parent organization of Miami Book Fair International, the Florida Center for the Literary Arts, the College received a generous grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation to create a permanent endowment for the Center. This support paved the way for a base for the Florida Center for the Literary Arts. Full programming began in January 2002, outreach to the community consists of reading campaigns and book discussions, writing workshops, author presentations, panel discussions, master classes, and more. The Center collaborates with a number of institutions and other partners in South Florida. The creation of the Center is a reflection of Miami Dade College’s commitment to students, as well as to serve the community by promoting the craft. Corporate sponsors, past and present, have included Florida Blue, Target, State Farm, Florida Power & Light, American Airlines, Pollo Tropical, Barefoot Wine, Comcast, community partners have included Miami-Dade Public Schools. National support also comes from National Endowment for the Arts, National Young Arts Foundation, each year more than 300 authors from around the world take part in the Fair’s international Festival of Authors. The Evenings With… Series features readings by world-renowned writers every evening for six consecutive festival days, the three-day outdoor festival gathers hundreds of booksellers and exhibitors from major publishing houses, small presses, scholarly imprints and foreign publishers. Sellers of used books including signed first editions, original manuscripts, millions of books in multiple languages can be found, with book signings and musical entertainment rounding out weekend Fair activity. A prominent part of Comic Galaxy, The School of Comics, is a program that includes six sessions for teachers, librarians, parents. There also exists special training for creators of the genre, Childrens Alley tailored for young readers, features storytelling, puppets, theatrical performances, educational games, and hands-on activities. Generation Genius is a program hosting thousands of school-aged children each year, as a part of Generation Genius programming, Miami Book Fair International also offers workshops and presentations to local teachers, librarians, and educators. Programs are provided in cooperation with Miami Art Museum, HistoryMiami, Miami Childrens Museum, Miami Science Museum, Early Learning Coalition of Miami Dade/Monroe, ibero-American Authors is Miami Book Fair Internationals Spanish Language author program that is presented solely in Spanish or Portuguese. More than 50 authors from various Latin American countries are featured during the eight-days of the Fair, readings take place every evening during the week and all day during the weekend. Miami Book Fair International also includes as part of its list of events hors d-oeuvres, the Kitchen combines cooking demonstrations and author readings by featured cookbook authors and chefs in an intimate, culinary setting as they recreate recipes from their books
Miami Book Fair International
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Jonathan Case at the Comic Galaxy Program, MBFI 2011
Miami Book Fair International
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Cuban poet Néstor Díaz de Villegas at Spanish Language author program, MBFI 2011
Miami Book Fair International
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Reza Aslan at the MBFI 2013.
Miami Book Fair International
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Jennifer Weiner &
Erica Jong at the MBFI 2013
21.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
Philadelphia
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From top left, the Philadelphia skyline, a
statue of Benjamin Franklin, the
Liberty Bell, the
Philadelphia Museum of Art,
Philadelphia City Hall, and
Independence Hall
Philadelphia
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An 18th century map of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia
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Penn's Treaty with the Indians by
Benjamin West
Philadelphia
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Benjamin Franklin, 1777
22.
Screenplay
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A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game, or television program. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing, in them, the movement, actions, expression, and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A screenplay written for television is also known as a teleplay, the format is structured in a way that one page usually equates to one minute of screen time. In a shooting script, each scene is numbered, and technical direction may be given, in a spec or a draft in various stages of development, the scenes are not numbered, and technical direction is at a minimum. The standard font for a screenplay is 12 point,10 pitch Courier Typeface, the major components are action and dialogue. The action is written in the present tense, the dialogue are the lines the characters speak. Unique to the screenplay is the use of slug lines, a slug line, also called a master scene heading, occurs at the start of every scene, and is usually made up of three parts. Part one states whether the scene is set inside outside, or both, Part two states location of the scene. Part three, separated from Part two by a hyphen, refers to the time of the scene, each slug line begins a new scene. In a shooting script, the lines are numbered consecutively. These scene numbers serve as mile-post markers in a script and this allows any part of the script to be referred to by scene number. In the United States letter size paper and Courier 12 point are mandatory, the tab settings of the scene elements, which constitute the screenplays layout. The dialogue must be centered and the names must be capitalized, a script usually begins with FADE IN, followed by the first scene description. It might get more specific, e. g. FADE IN ON AN ECU of Ricky as he explains the divorce to Bob, a script will usually end with FADE TO BLACK, though there are variables, like CUT TO BLACK for abrupt endings. The style consists of a grammar that is specific to screenplays and this grammar also consists of two aspects, A prose that is manifestation-oriented, i. e. focuses largely on what is audible and what is visible on screen. This prose may only supply interpretations and explanation if clarity would otherwise be adversely affected, American screenplays are printed single-sided on three-hole-punched paper using the standard American letter size. They are then together with two brass brads in the top and bottom hole. The middle hole is left empty as it would make it harder to quickly read the script
Screenplay
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Screenplay for
The Godfather Part II, Turin, Italy
Screenplay
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Sample from a screenplay, showing dialogue and action descriptions
23.
Piranha (1978 film)
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Piranha is a 1978 American satirical B horror film directed and co-edited by Joe Dante, and starring Bradford Dillman, Heather Menzies, Kevin McCarthy, Keenan Wynn, Barbara Steele, and Dick Miller. Set at a summer resort river, the concerns the resorts partygoers being under attack. Released on August 3,1978, the film was a critical and commercial success and has achieved a cult following. Piranha was followed by a sequel, Piranha II, The Spawning, in 1981, two teenagers come upon an apparently abandoned military installation. They take advantage of what appears to be a pool to skinny dip. The teenagers are attacked by a force and disappear under the water. A light activates in the building and a silhouetted figure investigates the screams. A determined but somewhat absent-minded insurance investigator named Maggie McKeown is dispatched to find the missing teenagers near Lost River Lake and she hires surly backwoods drunkard Paul Grogan to serve as her guide. They come upon the compound, which functioned as a fish hatchery before being militarized. They discover bizarre specimens in jars and indications of an occupant, the two find a skeleton in the filtration trap of the empty pool, and learn it was filled with salt water. The man awakens and steals their jeep, but crashes it due to his disorientation and they take Grogans raft down the river, where the man wakes up and tells them that the pool in the facility was filled with a school of piranhas, and that Maggie released them. They are skeptical until they hear a dog barking and they come across the corpse of Grogans friend Jack, the project was shut down when the war ended, but some of the mutant specimens survived, and Hoak tended to them to salvage his work. Grogan realizes that if the dam is opened, the school will have access to the Lost River water park. They encounter a capsized canoe with a boy whose father has killed by the fish. Hoak rescues the boy but suffers mortal injuries when the school attacks him, blood from Hoaks corpse causes the piranha to tear away the rafts lashings, and they barely reach shore. Grogan stops the dam attendant from opening the spillway and calls the military, a military team led by Colonel Waxman and former Razorteeth scientist Dr. Mengers feed poison into the upstream section, ignoring the protests that the fish survived the first attempt. When Grogan discovers that a tributary bypasses the dam, Waxman, after they escape, Waxman alerts law enforcement to capture them. The school attacks the camp during a swimming marathon, injuring and killing many children
Piranha (1978 film)
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US theatrical release poster by John Solie
24.
Alligator (film)
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Alligator is a 1980 American horror film directed by Lewis Teague and written by John Sayles. It stars Robert Forster, Robin Riker, and Michael V. Gazzo and it also includes an appearance by actress Sue Lyon in her last screen role to date. The film received praise from critics for its intentional satirizing, a direct-to-video sequel was released in 1991, entitled Alligator II, The Mutation. Despite the title, this film shared no characters or actors with the original, a tabletop game based on the film was distributed by the Ideal Toy Company in 1980. A teenage girl purchases a baby American alligator while on vacation with her family at a tourist trap in Florida. After the family home to Chicago, the alligator, named Ramón by the girl, is promptly flushed down the familys toilet by her surly, animal-phobic father. Twelve years later, the alligator survives by feeding on covertly discarded pet carcasses and these animals had been used as test subjects for an experimental growth formula intended to increase agricultural livestock meat production. However the project was abandoned due to the side effect of massively increasing the animals metabolism. Louis, has gained a reputation for being lethally unlucky for his assigned partners, as David works on this new case, his boss Chief Clark brings him into contact with reptile expert Marisa Kendall, the girl who bought the alligator years earlier. The two of them edge into a romantic relationship, and during a visit to Marisas house. Davids reputation as a partner-killer is confirmed when the gator snags a young cop, Kelly and this changes when obnoxious tabloid reporter Thomas Kemp goes snooping in the sewers and supplies graphic and indisputable photographic evidence of the beast at the cost of his own life. The story quickly garners public attention, and a hunt for the monster is called for. The ensuing hunt continues, including the hiring of pompous big-game hunter Colonel Brock to track the animal, the alligator also kills the groom. Marisa and David finally lure the alligator into the sewers before setting off explosives on the alligator, as the film ends with David and Marisa walking away after the explosion, a drain in the sewer spits out another baby alligator, having a repeating cycle all over again. Location shooting took place in and around Los Angeles, although commentary on the Lions Gate Entertainment DVD gives the location as Chicago, the police vehicles in the film appear to have Missouri license plates. When the young Marisa returns home with her family from their vacation in Florida, later, the voice of a newscaster identifies Marisa as a native of our city, implying the location is a city in Missouri other than St. Louis. Bryan Cranston worked as an assistant on this film, in charge of making and rigging the alligator guts for the films finale. The film has received mixed to positive reviews both during and since its release, on Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 67% approval rating with an average of 5. 3/10 based on 9 reviews
Alligator (film)
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Theatrical release poster
25.
The Howling (film)
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The Howling is a 1981 American horror film directed by Joe Dante, and starring Dee Wallace, Patrick Macnee, Dennis Dugan, and Robert Picardo. The film was released on April 10,1981 and became a moderate success and it received generally positive reviews, with praise for the makeup special effects by Rob Bottin. Over the years, The Howling has accumulated a cult following and its financial success aided Joe Dantes career, and prompted Warner Bros. to hire Dante and Michael Finnell for Gremlins. A franchise consisting of seven sequels arose from the films success, Karen White is a Los Angeles television news anchor who is being stalked by a serial murderer named Eddie Quist. In cooperation with the police, she takes part in a scheme to capture Eddie by agreeing to meet him in a porno theater. Eddie forces Karen to watch a video of a woman being raped. The police enter and shoot Eddie, and although Karen is safe and her therapist, Dr. George Waggner, decides to send her and her husband, Bill Neill, to the Colony, a secluded resort in the countryside where he sends patients for treatment. The Colony is filled with characters, and one, a sultry nymphomaniac named Marsha Quist. When he resists her unsubtle sexual overtures, he is attacked and scratched on the arm by a creature while returning to his cabin. After Bills attack, Karen summons her friend Terri Fisher to the Colony, Karen also begins to suspect that Bill is hiding a secret far more threatening than marital infidelity. Later that night, Bill meets Marsha at a campfire in the woods, while having sex under the moonlight, they undergo a frightening transformation into werewolves. While investigating the next morning, Terri is attacked by a werewolf in a cabin and she runs to Wagners office and places a phone call to her boyfriend, Chris Halloran, who has been alerted about the Colonys true nature. While on the phone with Chris, Terri looks for files on Eddie Quist, when she finally finds Eddie in the file cabinet, she is attacked by Eddie in werewolf form, and is killed when she is bitten on the jugular vein. Chris hears this on the end and sets off for the Colony armed with silver bullets. Karen is confronted by the resurrected Eddie Quist once again, in response, Karen splashes Eddie in the face with corrosive acid and flees. Later, as Chris arrives at the Colony, he is confronted by the horribly disfigured Eddie, however, it turns out everyone in the Colony is a werewolf and can shapeshift at will, without the need of a full moon. Karen and Chris survive their attacks and burn the Colony to the ground, Karen resolves to warn the world about the existence of werewolves, and surprises her employers by launching into her warnings during a live television news broadcast. Then, to prove her story, she transforms into a werewolf, having become one after being bitten at the Colony by her husband
The Howling (film)
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Theatrical release poster
26.
The Challenge (1982 film)
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The Challenge is a 1982 American action film directed by John Frankenheimer and co-written by John Sayles. The film stars Scott Glenn and Toshirō Mifune and it is noted that this film features several aikido-based action scenes choreographed by Steven Seagal, prior to the start of his own film career. The sword was an heirloom, passed down through the generations. It was finally tracked down in California where Yoshiidas son, Toshio and he looks for someone to hire to act as a decoy in order to safely smuggle it into Japan, and back to its rightful owner, Yoshida-san. Rick Murphy is contracted to smuggle a rare sword into Japan, aggravated that he has been used as a decoy, he is faced with the prospect of being killed by Yoshida-sans brother, Hideo. Instead, he is advised to infiltrate Yoshidas martial arts school, Murphy then humbly asks Yoshida-san if he can be forgiven and taken back in because he wants to learn the ways of Bushido. Yoshida agrees, but only if Murphy follows Yoshidas conditions, finding romance, they go out to see the sights and sounds of the city, including watching a Shinto ceremony. During the hub-bub of the parade, Murphy and Akiko gets separated and Hideos henchmen kidnap her and deliver her to her uncle. Yoshida-san, laden with ancient weaponry, ventures out to Hideos industrial complex where he is shot and wounded by Ando, Ando is slain by Hideo for this, and Murphy – who has joined him in his quest – opts to fight Hideo to defend his sensei. Murphy manages to defeat Hideo and win the day, the film was shot entirely in Japan. The Kyoto International Conference Center was used as the location of Hideos headquarters, a re-edited version of the film entitled Sword of the Ninja was created for television. In this version, about ten minutes of footage are cut, some of the violence of the original version is removed. The film received 75% on Rotten Tomatoes, the Challenge at the Internet Movie Database The Challenge at AllMovie
The Challenge (1982 film)
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The Challenge
27.
Joe Dante
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Joseph James Joe Dante, Jr. is an American film director, producer, editor and actor. His films—notably Gremlins —often mix fantastical storylines with comedic elements, Dantes films also include Piranha, The Howling, Explorers, Innerspace, The Burbs, Gremlins 2, The New Batch, Matinee, Small Soldiers, and Looney Tunes, Back in Action. His work for television and cable includes immigration satire The Second Civil War and episodes of anthology series Masters of Horror and Amazing Stories, Dante was born in Morristown, New Jersey and grew up in nearby Livingston. His father, Joseph James Dante, was a professional golfer, Dante began his film career working for legendary low budget producer Roger Corman, who provided similar opportunities to future directors Francis Ford Coppola and James Cameron. He made The Movie Orgy in 1968 and he then worked as an editor on Grand Theft Auto after co-directing Hollywood Boulevard with Allan Arkush. His next feature film, Roger Corman-produced Piranha, was released in 1978, inspired by Steven Spielbergs Jaws, the film was written by John Sayles. Dante then invited Sayles to rewrite the script for werewolf tale The Howling, Dante directed episodes of cult television series Police Squad. before Steven Spielberg invited him to join the directing team on anthology movie Twilight Zone, The Movie. Dantes segment, Its a Good Life, featured special effects. Gremlins proved one of Dantes biggest hits to date, combining horror and comedy elements, the film revolves around Billy Peltzer, who is given a strange creature he calls Gizmo as a pet. After Billy fails to follow the rules for looking after Gizmo, the creature spawns other creatures, six years passed before Dante directed the even more anarchic Gremlins 2, The New Batch, set this time in a New York high rise. Aside from the Gremlins films, Dante also worked with producer Steven Spielberg on comedy adventure Innerspace and his 1985 boys meet alien tale Explorers marked the film debuts of actors River Phoenix and Ethan Hawke. Dante would later work with Tom Hanks on The Burbs, a comedy in which Hanks character deals with nightmare neighbours. In 1993 Dante directed Matinee, which received positive reviews, set during the 1960s, the film pays homage to B movies and the showmen who made and promoted them. Matinee has a 91 percent rating on Rotten Tomatoes, USA Today reviewer Mike Clark wrote Part spoof, part nostalgia trip and part primer in exploitation-pic ballyhoo, Matinee is a sweetly resonant little movie-lovers movie. Dante was creative consultant on short-lived fantasy series Eerie, Indiana and he played himself in the series finale. In 1995–1996 he worked on The Phantom, when he was removed from the film, he chose screen credit rather than pay. Dante directed the 2003 live-action/animation hybrid, Looney Tunes, Back in Action, a box office bomb, the film received mixed reviews. In 2007, Dante launched the web series Trailers From Hell and he is also a contributor to the website
Joe Dante
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Joe Dante as member of the jury for the 2009 Venice Film Festival
28.
Matinee (1993 film)
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Matinee is a 1993 period comedy film directed by Joe Dante. It is a piece about a William Castle-type independent filmmaker. The film stars John Goodman, Cathy Moriarty, Simon Fenton, Omri Katz, Lisa Jakub, Robert Picardo, a then-unknown Naomi Watts has a small role as a character in a film within the film. It was written by Jerico Stone and Charlie Haas, the latter portraying Mr. Elroy, in Key West, Florida in October 1962, boys Gene Loomis and his brother Dennis live on a military base, their father is away on a nearby submarine. After hearing the announcement of an engagement of Lawrence Woolseys new sensational horror film Mant. Including Woolseys appearance in-person, they arrive home to President Kennedys television interruption, woolsey finds this atmosphere of fear to be the perfect environment in which to open his atomic-radiation-themed film. Woolsey brings along Herb Denning and Bob to stir up the yokels by protesting the film, but Howard, indeed, the progressive Jack and Rhonda make a strong free speech argument for allowing the film to proceed. In attempting to get a date to the dance, Stan goes for Sherry, who was seeing a prison poet, Harvey Starkweather, who regularly bothers Stan about his interest in her. The film is structured in halves, the first half leading up to the screening, the film also showed the differences in two young women who eventually become the girlfriends of the two boys. Joe Dante says the financing of the movie was difficult, Matinee got made through a fluke. The company that was paying for us went out of business and didnt have any money. Universal, which was the distributor, had put in a money, and we went to them and begged them to buy into the whole movie. The original score was composed by Jerry Goldsmith, Joe Dante has cast character actor Dick Miller in each of his movies to date, casting him here as one of the men protesting the monster movies release, and as a soldier holding a sack of sugar. Also appearing in supporting roles are William Schallert and Robert O. Cornthwaite, Kevin McCarthy as well as Robert Picardo, John Sayles, who collaborated with Dante on earlier movies, appears as one of the men protesting the monster movies release. Rumble-Rama is also a nod to Sensurround, Universals sound process of the 1970s, Matinee also mentions some of Woolseys earlier films, Island of the Flesh Eaters, The Eyes of Doctor Diablo, and The Brain Leeches. Blackbeards Ghost, The Horse in the Gray Flannel Suit, The Million Dollar Duck, Snowball Express, the film features a then-unknown Naomi Watts. Matinee was well received by critics and has a 93% rating at the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert gave the three and half out of four stars and wrote, There are a lot of big laughs in Matinee
Matinee (1993 film)
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Theatrical release poster
29.
Apollo 13 (film)
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Apollo 13 is a 1995 American docudrama space adventure film directed by Ron Howard. It stars Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, the film depicts astronauts Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard Apollo 13 for Americas third Moon landing mission. Released to cinemas in the United States on June 30,1995, Apollo 13 was nominated for nine Academy Awards, in total, the film grossed over $355 million worldwide during its theatrical releases. The film was positively received by critics. Astronaut Jim Lovell hosts a party where guests watch Neil Armstrongs televised first human steps on the Moon. Afterwards Lovell, who had orbited the Moon on Apollo 8, three months later, as Lovell conducts a VIP tour of NASAs Vertical Assembly Building, his boss Deke Slayton informs him that his crew will fly Apollo 13 instead of 14. Lovell, Ken Mattingly, and Fred Haise train for their new mission, a few days before launch, Mattingly is exposed to the measles, and the flight surgeon demands his replacement with Mattinglys backup, Jack Swigert. Lovell resists breaking up his team, but relents when Slayton threatens to bump his crew to a later mission, as the launch date approaches, Marilyn has a nightmare about her husbands safety, but goes to the Kennedy Space Center the night before launch to see him off. On April 11,1970, Flight Director Gene Kranz gives the go-ahead from Houstons Mission Control Center for the Apollo 13 launch, as the Saturn V rocket climbs through the atmosphere, a second stage engine cuts off prematurely, but the craft reaches its Earth parking orbit. Three days into the mission, the crew makes a television transmission, after Swigert turns on the liquid oxygen tank stirring fans as requested, one of the tanks explodes, emptying its contents into space and sending the craft tumbling. The other tank is found to be leaking. In Houston, Kranz rallies his team to come up with a plan to bring the astronauts home safely, controller John Aaron recruits Mattingly to help him invent a procedure to restart Odyssey for the landing on Earth. As Swigert and Haise watch the Moon pass beneath them, Lovell laments his lost chance of walking on its surface, with Aquarius running on minimal electrical power, the crew suffers freezing conditions, and Haise contracts a urinary infection and a fever. Swigert suspects Mission Control is withholding their inability to get home, Haise angrily blames Swigerts inexperience for the accident. When carbon dioxide approaches dangerous levels, ground control must quickly invent a way to make the Command Modules square filters work in the Lunar Modules round receptacles. With the guidance systems on Aquarius shut down, the crew must make a difficult, when the crew jettisons the Service Module, they are surprised to see the extent of the damage. As they release Aquarius and re-enter the Earths atmosphere, no one is sure that Odysseys heat shield is intact, the tense period of radio silence due to ionization blackout is longer than normal, but the astronauts report all is well and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. He wonders if and when mankind will return to the Moon, however, by the time Howard acquired the directors position, Costners name never came up in serious discussion, and Hanks had already been interested in doing a film based on Apollo 13
Apollo 13 (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Apollo 13 (film)
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Top to bottom: Hanks, Bacon and Paxton, who portray astronauts Lovell, Swigert and Haise respectively.
Apollo 13 (film)
Apollo 13 (film)
30.
Mimic (film)
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Del Toro was unhappy with the film as released, especially because he did not succeed in obtaining a final cut of the film, however, his directors cut version was finally released in 2011. Mimic, whose U. S. theatrical gross was $25.5 million, was followed by two sequels, Mimic 2 and Mimic 3, Sentinel, neither of them with del Toro involved. It includes several examples of del Toros most characteristic hallmarks, according to Alfonso Cuarón, del Toros friend and colleague, with Guillermo the shots are almost mathematical — everything is planned. In Manhattan, cockroaches are spreading the deadly Stricklers disease that is claiming hundreds of the citys children and it successfully kills off the disease. The released population was all-female and designed with a lifespan of only a few months, three years later, a reverend is chased and dragged underground by a strange assailant. The only witness is Chuy, the ward of an immigrant subway shoe-shiner named Manny. Two kids later sell a weird bug from the subway to Susan, which she performs test on, looking for more valuable specimens, the kids go down the tracks where they find a large egg sac and are then killed. Chuy also enters the church to find Mr. Funny Shoes and is abducted, Peter, CDC officer Josh and subway cop Leonard enter the maintenance tunnels to investigate but Peter and Leonard get separated from Josh, who is then killed trying to find his way back up. Susan encounters what appears to be a man in a trench coat on a train platform. As she approaches, it unfolds into an insect the size of a human being which has adapted to appear human, the creature abducts Susan and carries her into the tunnels. Manny also enters the tunnels in search of Chuy and comes across Susan, whom he rescues along with Peter and Leonard, Susan surmises that the Judas accelerated metabolism has allowed it to reproduce and that they have evolved to mimic their human prey. The group formulates a plan to get the car moving, Peter will switch the power on, Susan projects that the Judas will spread throughout the tunnels unless they are able to kill the single fertile male. Manny finds Chuy but is killed by the male Judas, so Susan goes in search of him, leonards injured leg starts bleeding heavily, so he causes a distraction from the others, and is killed. Peter finds a dumbwaiter and puts Susan and Chuy in it and he gets chased into a room where hundreds are nesting, and blows them all up by setting fire to a loose gas pipe, before diving underwater to safety. The male Judas escapes the blast and goes after Chuy but is distracted by Susan, the two make it to the surface, where they are reunited with Peter, who Susan had assumed died in the blast. It currently holds a 61% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and he takes the standard ingredients and presents them so effectively that Mimic makes the old seem new, fresh and scary. According to Box Office Mojo, its domestic gross is $25,480,490, Mimic was planned as one of three 30-minute short films intended to be shown together. It was expanded into a movie, as was Impostor
Mimic (film)
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Film poster
31.
Night Skies
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The term night sky refers to the sky as seen at night. The term is associated with astronomy, with reference to views of celestial bodies such as stars, the Moon. Natural light sources in a night sky include moonlight, starlight, the aurora borealis and aurora australis light up the skies of the Arctic and Antarctic circles respectively. Occasionally, a large coronal mass ejection from the Sun or simply high levels of solar wind extend the phenomenon toward the equator, the night sky and studies of it have a historical place in both ancient and modern cultures. In the past, for instance, farmers have used the state of the sky as a calendar to determine when to plant crops. Many cultures have drawn constellations between stars in the sky, using them in association with legends and mythology about their deities, the anciently developed belief of astrology is generally based on the belief that relationships between heavenly bodies influence or convey information about events on Earth. The scientific study of the sky and bodies observed within it, meanwhile. The visibility of objects in the night sky is affected by light pollution. The presence of the Moon in the sky has historically hindered astronomical observation by increasing the amount of ambient lighting. With the advent of light sources, however, light pollution has been a growing problem for viewing the night sky. The intensity of the sky varies greatly over the day and the cause differs as well. During daytime when the sun is above the horizon direct scattering of sunlight is the dominant source of light. In twilight, the period of time between sunset and sunrise, the situation is complicated and a further differentiation is required. Twilight is divided in three segments according to how far the sun is below the horizon in segments of 6°, after sunset the civil twilight sets in, and ends when the sun drops more than 6° below the horizon. This is followed by the nautical twilight, when the sun reaches heights of -6° and -12°, when the sun drops more than 18° below the horizon the sky generally attains its minimum brightness. Several sources can be identified as the source of the brightness of the sky, namely airglow, indirect scattering of sunlight, scattering of starlight. Stars appear as, depending on how dark the sky is, to the naked eye, they all appear to be equidistant on a dome above the earth because stars are much too far away for stereopsis to offer any depth cues. Visible stars range in color from blue to red, but with small points of faint light
Night Skies
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The
Moon is the most common major object viewed in the night sky.
Night Skies
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Flammarion engraving, Paris 1888.
Night Skies
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The
Milky Way is brighter in the Southern Hemisphere than in the North. (Photo taken at
La Silla Observatory)
Night Skies
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Paranal Observatory nights. The concept of
noctcaelador tackles the aesthetic perception of the night sky.
32.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren, and stars Henry Thomas, Dee Wallace, Robert MacNaughton, Drew Barrymore, Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh. It tells the story of Elliott, a boy who befriends an extraterrestrial. He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother, the concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents divorce in 1960. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies and it was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$10.5 million. Unlike most films, it was shot in chronological order. Released on June 11,1982 by Universal Pictures, E and it is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s. In 1994, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being culturally, historically and it was re-released in 1985, and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes. In a Californian forest, a group of alien botanists land in a spacecraft, when government agents appear on the scene, they flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. At a suburban home, a boy named Elliott is spending time with his brother, Michael. As he returns from picking up a pizza, he discovers that something is hiding in their tool shed, the creature promptly flees upon being discovered. Despite his familys disbelief, Elliott leaves Reeses Pieces candy to lure the creature to his bedroom, before he goes to sleep, he realizes it is imitating his movements. He feigns illness the next morning to stay home from school, later that day, Michael and their five-year-old sister, Gertie, meet it. They decide to keep it hidden from their mother, Mary, when they ask it about its origin, it levitates several balls to represent its solar system and then demonstrates its powers by reviving a dead chrysanthemum. At school the day, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien, including exhibiting signs of intoxication. As the alien watches John Wayne kiss Maureen OHara in The Quiet Man on TV, Elliott then kisses a girl he likes in the same manner and he is sent to the principals office. The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says as she watches Sesame Street and, at Elliotts urging and he reads a comic strip where Buck Rogers, stranded, calls for help by building a makeshift communication device and is inspired to try it himself. E. T. receives Elliotts help in building a device to phone home by using a Speak & Spell toy, Michael notices that E. T. s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as we
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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Theatrical release poster by
John Alvin
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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Makeshift communicator used by E.T. to phone home. Among its parts is a Speak & Spell, an umbrella lined with tinfoil, and a coffee can filled with other electronics.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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The Italian special effects artist
Carlo Rambaldi is known in the world as the creator of the E.T.'s design.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
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John Williams
33.
Steven Spielberg
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Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
Steven Spielberg
–
Spielberg at the
2013 Cannes Film Festival
Steven Spielberg
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Steven Spielberg and
Chandran Rutnam on a location in Sri Lanka during the filming of
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
Steven Spielberg
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Spielberg in March 1990
Steven Spielberg
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Spielberg in 2011, at the Paris premiere of
The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn.
34.
Development of Jurassic World
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Jurassic World is a 2015 American science-fiction adventure film and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park series. The film was directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow, produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, the production companies were Steven Spielbergs Amblin Entertainment, also responsible for the rest of the Jurassic Park franchise, and Thomas Tulls Legendary Pictures. The park plunges into chaos when a genetically created dinosaur breaks loose, following a suggestion from Spielberg, writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver explored the idea of a functional dinosaur park. Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013, he followed the idea while developing a whole new script with Derek Connolly. Principal photography rolled from April to August 2014, primarily in Louisiana while also using the original Jurassic Park filming locations in Hawaii, Jurassic World was released on June 12,2015, in over 60 countries. After a record-breaking opening weekend where it grossed $500 million worldwide, a sequel is scheduled for release on June 22,2018. Following the demise of dinosaur-themed Jurassic Park, Jurassic World, a new resort opened in its place in Isla Nublar years later, has become a successful tourist destination. The Masrani Global Corporation – owner of the genetics company InGen that creates the dinosaurs – has been operating the park on the island for the past ten years. Brothers Zach and Gray Mitchell visit Jurassic World to see their aunt Claire Dearing, Claire, a busy workaholic, assigns her assistant Zara to be their guide, but the boys evade her and explore the resort on their own. Owen Grady, a Navy veteran, has been researching the intelligence of the parks Velociraptors, InGen security chief Vic Hoskins believes the raptors should be trained for military use despite Owens objections. Park owner Simon Masrani has Owen evaluate the paddock of the new hybrid dinosaur, Indominus rex. Owen warns Claire about the danger of raising Indominus in isolation, when the staff learns that the Indominus appears to have escaped its paddock, Owen and two others enter the enclosure. Able to camouflage itself and mask its heat signature, the Indominus suddenly appears and devours Owens companions before escaping into the islands interior, Owen orders the Indominus to be killed, but Masrani instead sends a specialized unit to capture it. When most of the unit is killed, Claire orders the evacuation of the northern sector. While exploring in a ride, Zach and Gray enter a restricted area. The nearby Indominus attacks and destroys their sphere, but both manage to escape to the ruins of the original Jurassic Park visitor center and they repair an old Jeep Wrangler and drive back to the park resort. While Claire and Owen are searching for the boys, they encounter the Indominus, the pterosaurs then attack the resort itself, and in the chaos, Zara falls into the nearby lake and is devoured by a Mosasaurus. Gray and Zach eventually find Owen and Claire at the resort as armed personnel subdue the pterosaurs with tranquilizers, assuming command, Hoskins orders that the raptors be used to track the Indominus, Owen is forced to accept Hoskins plan and lead the raptors
Development of Jurassic World
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Theatrical release poster
Development of Jurassic World
–
(L&C)
Chris Pratt and
Bryce Dallas Howard play the film's two leads, while
B. D. Wong (R) reprises his role as Dr. Henry Wu from the
first film.
Development of Jurassic World
Development of Jurassic World
35.
Eight Men Out
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Eight Men Out is a 1988 sports drama film based on Eliot Asinofs 1963 book Eight Men Out, The Black Sox and the 1919 World Series. It was written and directed by John Sayles, the film is a dramatization of Major League Baseballs Black Sox scandal, in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox conspired with gamblers to intentionally lose the 1919 World Series. Much of the movie was filmed at the old Bush Stadium in Indianapolis, in 1919, the Chicago White Sox are considered the greatest team in baseball and, in fact, one of the greatest ever assembled to that point, behind their greatest star, Joe Jackson. Cicottes motivation for being involved was because Comiskey refused him a promised $10,000 should he win 30 games for the season, Cicotte was nearing the milestone until Comiskey ordered team manager Kid Gleason to bench him for 2 weeks to rest the 35-year-old veterans arm for the series. A number of players, including Chick Gandil, Swede Risberg, Jackson is depicted as being not bright and not entirely sure what is going on. Buck Weaver, meanwhile, is included with the seven others, Cicotte then pitches poorly and gave up 5 runs in four innings—four of them in the 4th, including a triple given up to Reds pitcher Walter Dutch Ruether. He is then relieved by Gleason, though the Sox lose the first game, Williams also pitched poorly in Game 2, while Gandil, Risberg and Hap Felsch made glaring mistakes on the field. Several of the players become upset, however, when the various gamblers involved fail to pay their money up front. Chicago journalists Ring Lardner and Hugh Fullerton grow increasingly suspicious, meanwhile Gleason continues to hear rumors of a fix, but he remains confident that his boys will come through in the end. A third pitcher not in on the scam, rookie Dickie Kerr, wins Game 3 for the Sox, making both gamblers and teammates uncomfortable. Other teammates such as catcher Ray Schalk continue to play hard, while Weaver, Cicotte loses again in Game 4. With the championship now in jeopardy, Gleason intends to bench Cicotte from his next start, the manager reluctantly agrees and is given an easy Game 7 win. Unpaid by the gamblers, Williams also intends to win, but when his wifes life is threatened, he purposely pitches so badly, Jackson hits a home run off Reds pitcher Hod Eller in the 3rd inning, but the Sox lose the final game. Fullerton writes an article condemning the White Sox, an investigation begins into the possible fixing of the Series. In 1920, Cicotte and Jackson admit that a fix existed, as a result of the revelations, Cicotte, Williams, Gandil, Felsch, Risberg, McMullin, Jackson, and Weaver are tried. The eight men are acquitted of any wrongdoing, however, newly appointed commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis bans the seven men for life because they either intentionally lost games or knew about the fix and didnt report it to team officials. In a 2013 interview, Sayles told MLB Networks Bob Costas, People said, Oh, People have been trying to make it for years. Talking about his thoughts for the cast when he first wrote the script, Sayles said my original dream team had Martin Sheen at third base, and I ended up with Charlie in center field
Eight Men Out
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Theatrical release poster
36.
The Secret of Roan Inish
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The Secret of Roan Inish is a 1994 American/Irish independent film written and directed by John Sayles. It is based on the novel Secret of the Ron Mor Skerry and it is centered on the Irish and Orcadian folklores of selkies—seals that can shed their skins to become human. It is a legend that her younger brother was swept away in his infancy. Part of the takes place in Donegal. The story is told from the point of view of Fiona and her grandfather weaves tall tales about the familys evacuation from their home on the tiny island of Roan Inish and his great-great-grandfather, who once cheated death at the hands of the sea. Later, Fiona believes that she has found Jamie romping in the grass on Roan Inish, according to John Sayles in the directors commentary, most of the film was shot in Donegal, Ireland, with some scenes being filmed at the Isle of Mull in Argyll, Scotland. It holds a 98% Certified Fresh and average rating of 7. 8/10 on review site Rotten Tomatoes, critic Stephen Holden, film critic for The New York Times, liked the films direction. He wrote, The Secret of Roan Inish is the first film directed by Mr. Sayles that could be described as visually rhapsodic
The Secret of Roan Inish
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Theatrical release poster
37.
Matewan
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The film dramatizes the events of the Battle of Matewan, a coal miners strike in 1920 in Matewan, a small town in the hills of West Virginia. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography and it was 1920 in the southwest West Virginia coal fields, and, as the narrator recalls, things were tough. The new workers are African Americans from Alabama and are coming in on the train, but the train is stopped outside town, derided as scabs, they are then attacked by the local miners, but manage to get back on the train and continue their journey. Witnessing the attack is Joe Kenehan, a passenger on the train and an organizer for the United Mine Workers. He arrives in Matewan and takes up residence at a house run by a coal miners widow, Elma Radnor, and her 15-year-old son, Danny, who is also a miner. Kenehan and the leader, Sephus, then go around to meet the rest of the black miners as well as a contingent of Italians to try to bring them into the union. But later, caught between the guns and the local miners, the blacks and the Italians throw down their coal shovels. C. E. Lively, an agent provocateur for the company who has infiltrated the union, tries to goad the miners towards violence. The infiltrator also pens a note to the Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency, the next day, two Baldwin–Felts men, Hickey and Griggs, show up in town and take up residence at the Radnor boarding house. Danny at first refuses to give rooms to Hickey and Griggs, Hickey and Griggs then start their campaign against the union by forcibly evicting miners from company-owned houses in town. Mayor Testerman and Police Chief Sid Hatfield refuse to let them be evicted without eviction writs from Charleston, Hatfield deputizes all the men in town and tells them to go home and come back with their guns. The Baldwin–Felts men then turn their attention on the camp outside town. At night, the armed strikebreakers fire shots into the camp, the next day, they enter the camp to demand that all food and clothing purchased at the company store with scrip be turned over to them. But then some armed foothill people, whose land was taken by the coal company, expressing disdain for the noise caused by the gunmens automobile the night before, their presence and sympathy for the miners compels the Baldwin–Felts men to leave empty-handed. The slow arrival of the thinly stretched strike funds tests the patience of Danny Radnor and other miners who become disillusioned. The miners are involved in a shootout with the agents. He is rescued by some people but not before he recognizes Lively as the infiltrator. Danny Radnor overhears Hickey and Griggs talking about the scheme but is caught, one of the miners hurries to the camp to find Few Clothes, who had drawn the short straw for who would kill Kenehan for his assumed treachery
Matewan
–
Theatrical release poster
38.
Collaboration
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Collaboration is the process of two or more people or organizations working together to realize or achieve something successfully. Collaboration is very similar to, but more closely aligned than, Most collaboration requires leadership, although the form of leadership can be social within a decentralized and egalitarian group. Teams that work collaboratively can obtain resources, recognition and reward when facing competition for finite resources. Structured methods of collaboration encourage introspection of behavior and communication and these methods specifically aim to increase the success of teams as they engage in collaborative problem solving. Forms, rubrics, charts and graphs are useful in situations to objectively document personal traits with the goal of improving performance in current. Collaboration is also present in opposing goals exhibiting the notion of adversarial collaboration, following are some examples of successful collaboration efforts in the past. Trade originated with the start of communication in prehistoric times, trading was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other when there was no such thing as the modern day currency. Peter Watson dates the history of commerce from circa 150,000 years ago. Due to specialisation and division of labor, most people concentrate on an aspect of production. As such, trade at prices between locations benefits both locations. The members of an intentional community typically hold a social, political or spiritual vision. They also share responsibilities and resources, intentional communities include cohousing, residential land trusts, ecovillages, communes, kibbutzim, ashrams, and housing cooperatives. Typically, new members of a community are selected by the communitys existing membership. Hutterite, Austria Housing units are built and assigned to families but belong to the colony. Meals are taken by the colony in a common long room. The goal was to eliminate bad character traits, early Kibbutz settlements founded near Jerusalem A Kibbutz is an Israeli collective community. The movement combines socialism and Zionism in a form of practical Labor Zionism, forced by necessity into communal life, and inspired by their own ideology, the kibbutz members developed a pure communal mode of living that attracted interest from the entire world. Ayn Rand utterly rejected the notion that one should live an isolated life, Rand wrote hundreds of pages about the virtues and benefits of collaborating with others to mutual advantage
Collaboration
–
Catalan
castellers collaborate, working together with a shared goal
Collaboration
–
The
trade of goods is an economic activity providing mutual benefit
Collaboration
–
Organization and cooperation between community members provides economic and social benefits
Collaboration
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The 2,751
Liberty ships built in four years by the United States during World War II required new approaches in organization and manufacturing
39.
Chris Cooper
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Christopher Walton Chris Cooper is an American film actor. He became well known in the late 1980s and he also portrayed Sheriff July Johnson in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove, which became one of the most successful Westerns in history. Cooper won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the comedy-drama metafilm Adaptation and he played a lead role in the historical and political thriller Breach, playing FBI agent and traitor Robert Hanssen. He played Daniel Sloan in the 2012 political action thriller The Company You Keep and he also portrayed Al Templeton on the 2016 Hulu miniseries 11.22.63. He is a frequent collaborator with director John Sayles, including Matewan, City of Hope, Lone Star, Silver City, Cooper was born on July 9,1951, in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of Charles and Mary Ann Cooper. He has a brother, Chuck Cooper. His father was both a United States Air Force doctor and a cattleman, and his mother was a housewife, both of his parents were from Texas. Cooper grew up in the suburbs of Kansas City, and spent his summers at his familys ranch, located about 15 miles west of Leavenworth. He was also raised in Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Houston. While attending high school in Kansas City, Cooper worked for a theater company, I had a background in carpentry, so I could build sets and work in the wings. After he graduated high school, Cooper became the foreman for another repertory group. He also considered helping his father raise cattle for a living, Cooper avoided getting drafted to serve in the Vietnam War following a stint in the Missouri River Coast Guard. Cooper attended the University of Missouri-Columbia and enrolled in the theater program and it was during his sophomore year when Cooper changed his major to acting in order to overcome his overpowering shyness. Cooper, therefore, took acting classes at the University of Missouri and he recalled in a 1996 interview with The Philadelphia Inquirer, I started going in and watching some shows at the theater department. I started taking classes and auditioned for plays. And once I got into it, it was pretty immediate, I really felt right, felt at home. Cooper also took classes at Stephens College. After he graduated from the University of Missouri, Cooper moved to New York City in 1976, while living in New York, Cooper shared a one-bedroom railroad flat with four other aspiring actors and dancers
Chris Cooper
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Cooper at the 2009
Tribeca Film Festival
Chris Cooper
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Cooper and wife
Marianne Leone Cooper, April 2007.
40.
David Strathairn
–
David Russell Strathairn is an American actor. Strathairn was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for portraying journalist Edward R. Murrow in Good Night and he is also recognized for his role as CIA Deputy Director Noah Vosen in the 2007 film The Bourne Ultimatum, a role he reprised in 2012s The Bourne Legacy. He played a prominent role as Dr. Lee Rosen on the Syfy series Alphas from 2011 to 2012 and he was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe for his role in the TV film Temple Grandin. Strathairn was born in San Francisco, California, the second of three children of Thomas Scott Strathairn, Jr. a physician and Mary Frances, a nurse. Strathairn attended Redwood High School in Larkspur, California, and graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts and he studied clowning at the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Clown College in Venice, Florida, and briefly worked as a clown in a traveling circus. Strathairn was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal of CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow in the 2005 biopic Good Night. The film explored Murrows clash with Senator Joseph McCarthy over McCarthys Communist witch-hunt in the 1950s, Strathairn also received Best Actor Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild nominations for his performance. In 2010, he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his portrayal of Dr. Carlock in the HBO television film Temple Grandin, Strathairn is a character actor, appearing in supporting roles in many independent and Hollywood films. In this capacity, he has co-starred in Twisted as a psychiatrist, in The River Wild as a husband and he has worked with his Williams College classmate and director John Sayles. He made his debut in Return of the Secaucus 7. Alongside Sayles, he played one of the men in black in the 1983 film The Brother from Another Planet, Strathairn created the role of Edwin Booth with Maryann Plunkett in a workshop production of Booth. A House Divided, by W. Stuart McDowell, at The Players in New York, Strathairn had a recurring role on the hit television drama The Sopranos. Strathairn starred in the episode, Out Where the Buses Dont Run. In 2006 he did an ad for then congressional candidate Kirsten Gillibrand. He reprised his role as Edward R. Murrow in a similar to the one from Good Night, and Good Luck. Strathairn plays the role in the 2007 independent film, Steel Toes. The film is based on Gows stage play Cherry Docs, in which Strathairn starred for its American premiere at the Wilma Theatre in Philadelphia and he played a role in the summer 2007 film The Bourne Ultimatum and appeared in Paramount Pictures childrens film The Spiderwick Chronicles as Arthur Spiderwick. Strathairn appeared in the American Experience PBS anthology series documentary, The Trials of J. Robert Oppenheimer and he first played Oppenheimer in the 1989 CBS TV movie Day One
David Strathairn
–
Strathairn at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con
41.
Noam Chomsky
–
Avram Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist. Sometimes described as the father of modern linguistics, Chomsky is also a figure in analytic philosophy. Ideologically, he aligns with anarcho-syndicalism and libertarian socialism, born to middle-class Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants in Philadelphia, Chomsky developed an early interest in anarchism from alternative bookstores in New York City. At the age of sixteen he began studies at the University of Pennsylvania, taking courses in linguistics, mathematics, and philosophy. From 1951 to 1955 he was appointed to Harvard Universitys Society of Fellows and he is credited as the creator or co-creator of the universal grammar theory, the generative grammar theory, the Chomsky hierarchy, and the minimalist program. Chomsky also played a role in the decline of behaviorism. Associated with the New Left, he was arrested multiple times for his activism, while expanding his work in linguistics over subsequent decades, he also became involved in the Linguistics Wars. In collaboration with Edward S. Herman, Chomsky later co-wrote an analysis articulating the propaganda model of media criticism, however, his defense of unconditional freedom of speech—including for Holocaust deniers—generated significant controversy in the Faurisson affair of the early 1980s. Following his retirement from teaching, he has continued his vocal political activism, including opposing the War on Terror. One of the most cited scholars in history, Chomsky has influenced an array of academic fields. Avram Noam Chomsky was born on December 7,1928, in the East Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and his father was William Zev Chomsky, an Ashkenazi Jew originally from Ukraine who had fled to the United States in 1913. Chomskys mother was the Belarusian-born Elsie Simonofsky, a teacher and activist whom William had met while working at Mikveh Israel, Noam was the Chomsky familys first child. His younger brother, David Eli Chomsky, was five years later. The brothers were close, although David was more easygoing while Noam could be very competitive, as a Jew, Chomsky faced anti-semitism as a child, particularly from the Irish and German communities living in Philadelphia. He was substantially influenced by his uncle who owned a newspaper stand in New York City, whenever visiting his uncle, Chomsky frequented left-wing and anarchist bookstores in the city, voraciously reading political literature. He later described his discovery of anarchism as an accident, because it allowed him to become critical of other far-left ideologies, namely Stalinism. Chomskys primary education was at Oak Lane Country Day School, an independent Deweyite institution that focused on allowing its pupils to pursue their own interests in a non-competitive atmosphere. It was here, at age 10, that he wrote his first article, on the spread of fascism, from the age of 12 or 13, he identified more fully with anarchist politics
Noam Chomsky
–
Noam Chomsky at an
antiwar rally in
Vancouver, 2004
Noam Chomsky
–
Anarcho-syndicalist
Rudolf Rocker (left) and English democratic socialist
George Orwell (right) were both influences on the young Chomsky.
Noam Chomsky
Noam Chomsky
–
Noam Chomsky (1977)
42.
Steve Earle
–
Stephen Fain Steve Earle is an American rock, country and folk singer-songwriter, record producer, author and actor. Earle began his career as a songwriter in Nashville and released his first EP in 1982 and his breakthrough album was the 1986 album Guitar Town. Since then Earle has released 15 other studio albums and received three Grammy awards and his songs have been recorded by Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Travis Tritt, Vince Gill, Patty Loveless, Shawn Colvin, Ian Stuart Donaldson and Emmylou Harris. He has appeared in film and television, and has written a novel, a play, Earle was born in Fort Monroe, Virginia, where his father, Jack Earle, was stationed. His father was an air traffic controller, the family returned to Texas before Earles second birthday. They moved several times but Earle grew up primarily in the San Antonio area, Earle began learning the guitar at the age of 11 and was placed in a talent contest at his school at age 13. He is reported to have run away from home at age 14 to follow his idol, singer-songwriter Townes Van Zandt, Earle was rebellious as a youngster and dropped out of school at the age of 16. He moved to Houston with his 19-year-old uncle, who was also a musician, while in Houston Earle met Van Zandt, who became his hero and role model. Earles sister, Stacey Earle, is also a musician and songwriter, in 1974 at the age of 19 Earle moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and began working blue-collar jobs during the day and playing music at night. During this period Earle wrote songs and played guitar in Guy Clarks band. Earle appeared in the 1975 film Heartworn Highways, a documentary on the Nashville music scene which included David Allan Coe, Guy Clark, Townes van Zandt, Earle lived in Nashville for several years and assumed the position of staff songwriter at the publishing company Sunbury Dunbar. Later Earle grew tired of Nashville and returned to Texas where he started a band called The Dukes, in the 1980s Earle returned to Nashville once again and worked as a songwriter for the publishers Roy Dea and Pat Carter. A song he co-wrote, When You Fall in Love, was recorded by Johnny Lee, carl Perkins recorded Earles song Mustang Wine, and two of his songs were recorded by Zella Lehr. Later Dea and Carter created an independent record label called LSI, connie Smith recorded Earles composition A Far Cry from You in 1985 which reached a minor position on the country charts as well. Earle released an EP called, Pink & Black, in 1982 featuring the Dukes, acting as Earles manager, John Lomax sent the EP to Epic Records, and they signed Earle to a recording contract in 1983. In 1983 Earle signed a deal with CBS and recorded a neo-rockabilly album. After losing his contract with Dea and Carter, Earle met producer Tony Brown and after severing his ties with Lomax. Earle released his first full-length album, Guitar Town, on MCA Records in 1986, the title track became a Top Ten single in 1986 and his song Goodbyes All Weve Got Left reached the Top Ten in 1987
Steve Earle
–
Steve Earle performing on a
mandolin at the City Winery Chicago in February 2015
Steve Earle
–
Earle performing in 2007 at the
Midlands Music Festival in
Westmeath, Ireland
Steve Earle
–
Earle performing in front of the
United States Supreme Court on July 1st 2003
Steve Earle
–
Steve Earle onstage with
Allison Moorer at the
Bumbershoot event in 2007
43.
Brian Eno
–
Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno, RDI is an English musician, composer, record producer, singer, writer, and visual artist. He is best known for his work in rock, ambient, pop. He has been described as one of musics most influential. Born in Suffolk, Eno studied painting and experimental music at art school in the late 1960s before joining glam rock group Roxy Music as synthesizer player in 1971. He took part in frequent collaborations with such as Robert Fripp, Cluster, David Bowie on his Berlin Trilogy. In subsequent decades, Eno continued to record albums, collaborate, and produce for other artists, including U2, Coldplay, Laurie Anderson, James, Grace Jones. He continues to release music, produce, and write, the unusual surname Eno, long established in Suffolk, derives from the French Huguenot surname Hennot. Maria had already had a daughter, and together William and Maria would have two children, Roger and Arlette. In school, Eno used a tape recorder as an instrument and experimented with his first, sometimes improvisational. From that collaboration, he involved in Cornelius Cardews Scratch Orchestra. The first released recording in which Eno played is the Deutsche Grammophon edition of Cardews The Great Learning, Another early recording was the Berlin Horse soundtrack, by Malcom Le Grice, a nine-minute,2 ×16 mm-double-projection, released in 1970 and presented in 1971. He then progressed to appearing on stage as a member of the group. He quit the band on completing the tour for the bands second album, For Your Pleasure, because of disagreements with lead singer Bryan Ferry. If Id walked ten yards further on the platform, or missed that train, or been in the next carriage, during his period with Roxy Music, and for his first three solo albums, he was credited on records only as Eno. Eno embarked on a career almost immediately. Between 1973 and 1977 he created four albums of electronically inflected art pop, Here Come the Warm Jets, Taking Tiger Mountain, Another Green World, and Before and After Science. Tiger Mountain contains the galloping Third Uncle, one of Enos best-known songs and these four albums were remastered and reissued in 2004 by Virgins Astralwerks label. Due to Enos decision not to add any extra tracks of the original material, in 1972, Eno and Robert Fripp developed the Frippertronics tape delay system, a year later, the pair released the proto-ambient album
Brian Eno
–
Eno at the Museo MADRE of
Naples in June 2008
Brian Eno
–
Eno at
The Long Now Foundation, 26 June 2006
Brian Eno
–
Eno at MoogFest 2011
Brian Eno
–
Brian Eno's connections to other progressive rock music artists
44.
Jesse Jackson
–
Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. is an American civil rights activist, Baptist minister, and politician. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988, Senator for the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1997. He is the founder of the organizations merged to form Rainbow/PUSH. Representative Jesse Jackson, Jr. is his eldest son, Jackson was also the host of Both Sides with Jesse Jackson on CNN from 1992 to 2000. Jackson was born in Greenville, South Carolina, to Helen Burns, a 16-year-old high school student, Robinson was a former professional boxer who was an employee of a textile brokerage and a well-known figure in the black community. One year after Jesses birth, his mother married Charles Henry Jackson, Jesse was given his stepfathers name in the adoption, but as he grew up, he also maintained a close relationship with Robinson. He considered both men to be his father, as a young child, Jackson was taunted by the other children regarding his out-of-wedlock birth, and has said these experiences helped motivate him to succeed. Living under Jim Crow segregation laws, Jackson was taught to go to the back of the bus, upon graduating from high school in 1959, he rejected a contract from a minor league professional baseball team so that he could attend the University of Illinois on a football scholarship. Following his second semester at the predominantly white University of Illinois, Jackson transferred to the North Carolina A&T, there are differing accounts of the reasons behind this transfer. Jackson has claimed that he changed schools because racial prejudice prevented him from playing quarterback, edwards also suggested that Jackson had left the University of Illinois in 1960 because he had been placed on academic probation. However, the president of the University of Illinois reported in 1987 that Jacksons 1960 freshman year transcript was clean, while attending A&T, Jackson played quarterback and was elected student body president. He became active in civil rights protests against segregated libraries, theaters. He graduated with a B. S. in sociology in 1964 and he dropped out in 1966, three classes short of earning his masters degree, to focus full-time on the Civil Rights Movement. He was ordained a minister in 1968, and in 2000, was awarded his Master of Divinity Degree based on his previous credits earned, plus his life experience, Jackson has been known for commanding public attention since he first started working for Martin Luther King Jr. In 1965, Jackson participated in the Selma to Montgomery marches organized by James Bevel, King, when Jackson returned from Selma, he was charged with establishing a frontline office for the SCLC in Chicago. In 1966, King and Bevel selected Jackson to head the Chicago branch of the SCLCs economic arm, Operation Breadbasket, Operation Breadbasket had been started by the Atlanta leadership of the SCLC as a job placement agency for blacks. T. R. M. Jackson became involved in SCLC leadership disputes following the assassination of King on April 4,1968, when King was shot, Jackson was in the parking lot one floor below. Jackson told reporters he was the last person to speak to King, the Times also indicated that Jackson was being criticized as too involved with middle-class blacks, and for having an unattainable goal of racial unity
Jesse Jackson
–
Jesse Jackson
Jesse Jackson
–
Jackson speaks on a radio broadcast from the headquarters of Operation PUSH, (
People United to Save Humanity) at its annual convention. July 1973. Photograph by
John H. White.
Jesse Jackson
–
Jackson surrounded by marchers carrying signs advocating support for the
Hawkins-Humphrey Bill for full employment, January 1975.
Jesse Jackson
–
Rainbow/PUSH national headquarters in
Kenwood, Chicago
45.
Viggo Mortensen
–
Viggo Peter Mortensen Jr. is a Danish-American actor. I. Jane, A Perfect Murder, A Walk on the Moon, Mortensen received international attention in the early 2000s with his role as Aragorn in the epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings. In 2005, Mortensen won critical acclaim for David Cronenbergs crime thriller A History of Violence, Two years later, another Cronenberg film Eastern Promises earned him further critical acclaim and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. A third teaming with Cronenberg in A Dangerous Method resulted in a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture. Other well-received films have included Appaloosa, adapted from a Robert B. Parker novel, and Far from Men and he received a second Best Actor nomination in 2017 at the 89th Academy Awards for his role in Captain Fantastic. Aside from acting, his artistic pursuits include fine arts, photography, poetry. In 2002, he founded the Perceval Press to publish the works of little-known artists, Mortensen was born in New York City. His mother, Grace Gamble, was American, and his father, Viggo Peter Mortensen Sr. was Danish and his maternal grandfather was from Nova Scotia, Canada, and his maternal grandmothers family was from New England. At the age of 11, his parents divorced and he returned to New York with his mother and he then attended St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York, earning a bachelors degree in Spanish Studies and Politics in 1980. Afterward, he went to Europe and lived in Spain, England and he eventually returned to the United States to pursue an acting career. Mortensen made his first film playing an Amish farmer in Peter Weirs Witness. Also in 1985, he was cast in the role of Bragg on Search for Tomorrow, Mortensens 1987 performance in Bent at the Coast Playhouse, Los Angeles, won him a Dramalogue Critics Award. Coincidentally, the play, about homosexual concentration camp prisoners, was brought to prominence by Ian McKellen. In 1987, Mortensen guest starred as a police detective on the hit series Miami Vice. I. Of these roles, Mortensen was probably best known for playing Master Chief John Urgayle in G. I, another major mainstream breakthrough came in 1999, when Peter Jackson cast him as Aragorn in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. In the The Two Towers DVD extras, the swordmaster, Bob Anderson. Mortensen often performed his own stunts, and even the injuries he sustained during several of them did not dampen his enthusiasm. He received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Aragorn, and was ranked No.15 on a 2015 survey of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters conducted by Empire
Viggo Mortensen
–
Mortensen at the
32nd Genie Awards in March 2012
Viggo Mortensen
–
Mortensen in 2010
Viggo Mortensen
–
Viggo Mortensen at the
2009 Venice Film Festival.
46.
Bonnie Raitt
–
Bonnie Lynn Raitt is an American blues singer-songwriter, musician, and activist. During the 1970s, Raitt released a series of roots-influenced albums which incorporated elements of blues, rock, folk, in 1989, after several years of critical acclaim but little commercial success, she had a major hit with the album Nick of Time. Raitt has received 10 Grammy Awards and she is listed as number 50 in Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time and number 89 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Raitt was born in Burbank, California and she is the daughter of the Broadway musical star John Raitt and his first wife, the pianist Marjorie Haydock, and was raised in the Quaker tradition. She began playing guitar at Camp Regis-Apple Jack in Paul Smiths, NY, later she gained notice for her bottleneck-style guitar playing. Raitt says she played a little at school and at camp, Camp Regis-Applejack, Raitt is of Scottish ancestry, with her ancestors being those who constructed Rait Castle near Nairn. After graduating from Oakwood Friends School in Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1967 Raitt entered Radcliffe College, majoring in social relations and she said her plan was to travel to Tanzania, where President Julius Nyerere was creating a government based on democracy and socialism. Raitt became friends with blues promoter Dick Waterman, during her second year of college Raitt took a semester off and moved to Philadelphia with Waterman and other local musicians. Raitt says it was an opportunity that changed everything, in the fall of 1970, while opening for Mississippi Fred McDowell at the Gaslight Cafe in New York, she was seen by a reporter from Newsweek, who began to spread the word about her performance. Scouts from major companies were soon attending her shows to watch her play. She eventually accepted an offer from Warner Bros. which soon released her album, Bonnie Raitt. While admired by those who saw her perform, and respected by her peers and her critical stature continued to grow but record sales remained modest. Her second album, Give It Up, was released in 1972 to universal acclaim, though many still regard it as her best work. 1973s Takin My Time was also met critical acclaim. Raitt was beginning to receive press coverage, including a 1975 cover story for Rolling Stone. By now, Raitt was already experimenting with different producers and different styles, in 1976, Raitt made an appearance on Warren Zevons eponymous album with his friend Jackson Browne and Fleetwood Macs Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. 1977s Sweet Forgiveness album gave Raitt her first commercial breakthrough when it yielded a hit single in her remake of Runaway, recast as a heavy rhythm and blues recording based on a rhythmic groove inspired by Al Green, Raitts version of Runaway was disparaged by many critics. However, the commercial success prompted a bidding war for Raitt between Warner Bros. and Columbia Records
Bonnie Raitt
–
Bonnie Raitt performing in 2007
Bonnie Raitt
–
Raitt performing at the
Berkeley Community Theater, 1976–1977
47.
Oliver Stone
–
William Oliver Stone is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer. Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of Midnight Express and he also wrote the acclaimed gangster movie Scarface. As a director, Stone achieved prominence as director/writer of the war drama Platoon, for which Stone won the Academy Award for Best Director, Platoon was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with Born on the Fourth of July —for which Stone won his second Best Director Oscar—and Heaven & Earth. Many of Stones films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century and they often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as evidenced in JFK, Natural Born Killers, and Nixon. Stone was born September 15,1946, in New York City, the son of Jacqueline and Louis Stone and he grew up in Manhattan and Stamford, Connecticut. His parents met during World War II, when his father was fighting as a part of the Allied force in France and his American-born father was a non-practicing Jew, and his French-born mother was a non-practicing Roman Catholic. Stone was raised in the Episcopal Church, and now practices Buddhism, Stone attended Trinity School in New York City before his parents sent him away to The Hill School, a college-preparatory school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. His parents were divorced abruptly while he was away at school, Stones mother was often absent and his father made a big impact on his life, father-son relationships were to feature heavily in Stones films. He often spent parts of his vacations with his maternal grandparents in France. Stone also worked at 17 in the Paris mercantile exchange in sugar, Stone graduated from The Hill School in 1964. Stone was admitted into Yale University, but left in June 1965 at age 18 to teach school students English for six months in Saigon at the Free Pacific Institute in South Vietnam. Afterwards, he worked as a wiper on a United States Merchant Marine ship in 1966 and he returned to Yale, where he dropped out a second time. In April 1967, Stone enlisted in the United States Army, from September 16,1967 to April 1968, he served in Vietnam with 2nd Platoon, B Company, 3rd Battalion, 25th Infantry Division and was twice wounded in action. He was then transferred to the First Cavalry Division participating in long range patrols before being transferred again to drive for an infantry unit of the division until November 1968. Stone graduated from New York University with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film in 1971, Stone made a short, well received 12-minute film Last Year in Viet Nam. In 1979, Stone won his first Academy Award, after adapting true-life prison story Midnight Express into a hit film for British director Alan Parker. Stones screenplay for Midnight Express was criticized by some for its inaccuracies in portraying the events described in the book, the original author, Billy Hayes, around whom the film is set, spoke out against the film, protesting that he had many Turkish friends while in jail
Oliver Stone
–
Stone at the
Subversive Festival, May 2013
Oliver Stone
–
Oliver Stone with
Rino Barillari in "Piazza dé Ricci" exit of the restaurant "Pierluigi" in
Rome – September 25, 2012
Oliver Stone
–
Stone with Hugo Chávez at the
Venice International Film Festival, July 9, 2009 for the screening of South of the Border
48.
Marisa Tomei
–
Marisa Tomei is an American actress. In a career spanning three decades, Tomei had initial success in films as an actress, followed by a series of unsuccessful films. Following her work on the television series As the World Turns, after having minor roles in a few films, she came to international attention in 1992 with the comedy My Cousin Vinny, for which she received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Tomei has appeared in a number of successful movies, including What Women Want, Anger Management, Wild Hogs. Other films include Untamed Heart, The Paper, Unhook the Stars, Slums of Beverly Hills, In the Bedroom, Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead, The Wrestler, Cyrus, and Love Is Strange. She has also been cast in the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Aunt May and has appeared in Captain America, Civil War and will appear in Spider-Man, Tomei has also worked in theater. Tomei was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Patricia Adelaide Addie, an English teacher, and Gary A. Tomei and she graduated from Edward R. Murrow High School in 1982. She has a brother, actor Adam Tomei, and was partly raised by her paternal grandparents. Tomeis parents are both of Italian descent, her fathers ancestors came from Tuscany, Calabria, and Campania, while her mothers ancestors are from Tuscany, Tomei grew up in the Midwood neighborhood of Brooklyn. While there, she became captivated by the Broadway shows to which her parents took her and was drawn to acting as a career. At Andries Hudde Junior High School, she played Hedy LaRue in a production of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. After graduating from Edward R. Murrow High School in 1982, Tomei followed up As the World Turns in 1986 with a role on the sitcom A Different World as Maggie Lauten during the first season. Her film debut was a role in the 1984 comedy film The Flamingo Kid, in which she played Mandy. She only had one line in the entire film, during this phase, she made her stage debut in 1987 at the age of 22 with the off-Broadway play Daughters, in which she played Cetta. The role earned her rave reviews and the Theatre World Award for outstanding debut on stage, following several small films, Tomei came to international prominence with her comedic performance in the 1992 film My Cousin Vinny, for which she received critical praise. Mona Lisa is also an auto mechanic, which comes in handy in the untying of the knotted story. For her performance, Tomei was named Best Supporting Actress at the 1993 Academy Awards, prevailing over Miranda Richardson, Joan Plowright, Vanessa Redgrave, American film critic Rex Reed created controversy when he suggested that Jack Palance had announced the wrong name after opening the envelope. While this allegation was repeatedly disproved – even the Academy officially denied it – Tomei called the story extremely hurtful, after her Oscar win, Tomei appeared as silent film star Mabel Normand in the film Chaplin, with her then-boyfriend Robert Downey Jr. playing the title character
Marisa Tomei
–
Tomei at the 2012
Toronto International Film Festival
Marisa Tomei
–
Tomei at the
81st Academy Awards where she received her third nomination for
The Wrestler
Marisa Tomei
–
Tomei at the
Inauguration of
Barack Obama, January 2009
49.
Susan Sarandon
–
Susan Abigail Sarandon is an American actress and activist. She is an Academy Award and BAFTA Award winner who is known for her social and political activism for a variety of causes. She was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award in 2006, Sarandon began her career in the 1970 film Joe, before appearing in the soap opera A World Apart. In 1975, she starred in the classic film The Rocky Horror Picture Show. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Atlantic City, Thelma & Louise, Lorenzos Oil, and The Client, before winning for Dead Man Walking. She has also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Client, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress for Dead Man Walking. Her other films include, Pretty Baby, The Hunger, The Witches of Eastwick, Bull Durham, White Palace, Little Women, Stepmom, Igby Goes Down, Enchanted, The Lovely Bones, Tammy and she returned to Broadway in the 2009 revival of Exit the King. On television, she is a five-time Emmy Award nominee, including for her guest roles on the sitcoms Friends and Malcolm in the Middle, in March 2017, Sarandon began portraying Bette Davis in the first season of FXs anthology series Feud. Sarandon was born in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City and she is the eldest of nine children born to Lenora Marie and Phillip Leslie Tomalin, an advertising executive, television producer, and one-time nightclub singer. She has four brothers, Philip Jr. Terry, Tim and OBrian and four sisters, Meredith, Bonnie, Amanda and her father was of English, Irish, and Welsh ancestry, his English ancestors being from Hackney in London and his Welsh ancestors being from Bridgend. On her mothers side, she is of Italian descent, with ancestors from the regions of Tuscany, Sarandon was raised Roman Catholic and attended Roman Catholic schools. She grew up in Edison, New Jersey, where she graduated from Edison High School in 1964. She then attended The Catholic University of America, from 1964 to 1968, in 1969, Sarandon went to a casting call for the motion-picture Joe with her then-husband Chris Sarandon. Although he did not get a part, she was cast in a role of a disaffected teen who disappears into the seedy underworld. Between 1970 and 1972, she appeared on the soap operas A World Apart and Search for Tomorrow, playing Patrice Kahlman and Sarah Fairbanks, in 1975, she appeared in the cult favorite The Rocky Horror Picture Show. That same year, she played the female lead in The Great Waldo Pepper. She was twice directed by Louis Malle, in Pretty Baby, the latter earned Sarandon her first Academy Award nomination. Her most controversial appearance was in Tony Scotts The Hunger in 1983
Susan Sarandon
–
Sarandon at the premiere of 2015
Toronto Film Festival
Susan Sarandon
–
Susan Sarandon's hand and foot prints at
Grauman's Chinese Theatre
Susan Sarandon
–
Sarandon at an event in 2010
50.
Iraq
–
The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds, others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, around 95% of the countrys 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish, two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run south through Iraq and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers provide Iraq with significant amounts of fertile land, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. It was here that mankind first began to read, write, create laws, the area has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC. Iraq was the centre of the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian and it was also part of the Median, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires. Iraqs modern borders were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations when the Ottoman Empire was divided by the Treaty of Sèvres, Iraq was placed under the authority of the United Kingdom as the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. A monarchy was established in 1921 and the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from Britain in 1932, in 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq was controlled by the Arab Socialist Baath Party from 1968 until 2003, after an invasion by the United States and its allies in 2003, Saddam Husseins Baath Party was removed from power and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005. The American presence in Iraq ended in 2011, but the Iraqi insurgency continued and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country, the Arabic name العراق al-ʿIrāq has been in use since before the 6th century. There are several suggested origins for the name, one dates to the Sumerian city of Uruk and is thus ultimately of Sumerian origin, as Uruk was the Akkadian name for the Sumerian city of Urug, containing the Sumerian word for city, UR. An Arabic folk etymology for the name is rooted, well-watered. During the medieval period, there was a region called ʿIrāq ʿArabī for Lower Mesopotamia and ʿIrāq ʿajamī, for the region now situated in Central and Western Iran. The term historically included the south of the Hamrin Mountains. The term Sawad was also used in early Islamic times for the region of the plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. In English, it is either /ɪˈrɑːk/ or /ɪˈræk/, the American Heritage Dictionary, the pronunciation /aɪˈræk/ is frequently heard in U. S. media. Since approximately 10,000 BC, Iraq was one of centres of a Caucasoid Neolithic culture where agriculture, the following Neolithic period is represented by rectangular houses. At the time of the pre-pottery Neolithic, people used vessels made of stone, gypsum, finds of obsidian tools from Anatolia are evidences of early trade relations
Iraq
–
Cylinder Seal, Old Babylonian Period, c.1800 BCE,
hematite. The king makes an animal offering to
Shamash. This seal was probably made in a workshop at
Sippar.
Iraq
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Flag
Iraq
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Victory stele of
Naram-Sin of Akkad
Iraq
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Bill of sale of a male slave and a building in
Shuruppak, Sumerian tablet, circa 2600 BCE
