1.
Lancaster, Lancashire
–
Lancaster /ˈlæŋkəstər/, or /ˈlæŋˌkæstər/ is a city and the county town of Lancashire, England. It is situated on the River Lune and has a population of 45,952, long existing as a commercial, cultural and educational centre, Lancaster is the settlement that gives Lancashire its name. Lancaster was granted city status in 1937 for its association with the crown. With its history based on its port and canal, Lancaster is an ancient settlement, dominated by Lancaster Castle, Lancaster Priory Church and it is also home to the campus-based Lancaster University and a campus of the University of Cumbria. The coin evidence also suggests that the fort was not continuously inhabited in early years. The fort was rebuilt in stone around 102 AD, the fort underwent a few more extensions, and at its largest area it was 9–10 acres. The evidence suggests that the fort remained active into the early 5th century, little is known about Lancaster between the end of Roman rule in Britain in the early 5th century and the Norman Conquest in the late 11th century. Despite a lack of documentation from this period, it is likely that Lancaster was still inhabited, Lancaster was on the fringes of the kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria, and over time control may have changed from one to the other. Archaeological evidence suggests there was a monastery on or near the site of todays Lancaster Priory by the 700s or 800s. For example, an Anglo-Saxon runic cross found at the Priory in 1807, Lancaster was probably one of the numerous monasteries founded under Wilfrid. The founding charter of the Priory, dated 1094, is the first known document which is specific to Lancaster, by this time William had given Lancaster and its surrounding region to Roger de Poitou. This document also suggests that the monastery had been refounded as a church at some point prior to 1066. Lancaster became a borough in 1193 under King Richard I and its first charter, dated 12 June 1193, was from John, Count of Mortain, who later became King of England. Lancaster Castle, partly built in the 13th century and enlarged by Elizabeth I, Lancaster Castle is well known as the site of the Pendle witch trials in 1612. It was said that the court based in the castle sentenced more people to be hanged than any other in the country outside London, earning Lancaster the nickname, Lancaster also figured prominently in the suppression of Catholicism during the reformation with the execution of at least eleven Catholic priests. A memorial to the Lancaster Martyrs is located close to the city centre, the traditional emblem for the House of Lancaster is a red rose, the red rose of Lancaster, similar to that of the House of York, which is a white rose. These names derive from the emblems of the Royal Duchies of Lancaster and this erupted into a civil war over rival claims to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. In more recent times, the term Wars of the Roses has been applied to rivalry in sports teams representing Lancashire and Yorkshire, not just the cities of Lancaster and York
2.
Hard rock
–
Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
3.
Power pop
–
Power pop is a pop rock music subgenre that draws its inspiration from 1960s British and American rock music. It typically incorporates a combination of devices such as strong melodies, clear vocals and crisp vocal harmonies, economical arrangements. Instrumental solos are usually kept to a minimum, and blues elements are largely downplayed, in the 1980s and 1990s, power pop continued as a commercially modest genre but by the mid-1990s through the 2000s, power pop was mainly in the underground. While its cultural impact has waxed and waned over the decades, Power pop is a more aggressive form of pop rock that is based on catchy, melodic hooks and energetic moods. The Small Faces are often cited as being among the progenitors of power pop, the Whos role in the creation of power pop has been cited by singer-songwriter Eric Carmen of the Raspberries, who has said, Pete Townshend coined the phrase to define what the Who did. For some reason, it didnt stick to the Who, but it did stick to these groups came out in the 70s that played kind of melodic songs with crunchy guitars. It just kind of stuck to us like glue, and that was okay with us because the Who were among our highest role models, other acts such as the Knickerbockers, the Easybeats and the Outsiders contributed iconic singles. Writer John Borack has noted, Its also quite easy to draw a line from garage rock to power pop. Although the formative influences on the genre were primarily British, the bands that developed and codified power pop in the 1970s were nearly all American. The Raspberries 1972 hit single Go All The Way is an almost perfect embodiment of the elements of power pop, the most influential group of the period may have been Big Star. The Replacements even recorded a song entitled Alex Chilton in honor of Big Stars frontman, spurred on by the emergence of punk rock and new wave, power pop enjoyed a prolific and commercially successful period in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although coined in the 1960s, and used as early as 1973 in reference to Sweet, as the novelist Michael Chabon has written, Power pop in its essential form. Did not come into existence for a number of years after it was first identified, like so much of the greatest work turned out by popular artists of the 1970s, true power pop is quintessential second-generation stuff. The term was used in reference to critics favorites Elvis Costello and Nick Lowe. Los Angeles-based Bomp. magazine championed power pop in its March 1978 issue, tying the genres roots to 1960s groups like the Who, like their punk brethren, late–1970s power pop groups favored a leaner and punchier sound than their early–1970s predecessors. Some occasionally incorporated synthesizers into their music, though not to the degree as did their new wave counterparts. Representative singles from the period include releases from the Bomp, records label by 20/20, Shoes and the Romantics. Major label groups like Cheap Trick, the Cars and Blondie merged power pop influences with other styles and achieved their first mainstream success with albums released in 1978
4.
Country
–
A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. Sometimes the word countries is used to both to sovereign states and to other political entities, while other times it refers only to states. The word country comes from Old French contrée, itself derived from Vulgar Latin contrata and it most likely entered the English language after the Franco-Norman invasion during the 11th century. Areas much smaller than a state may be called by names such as the West Country in England, the Black Country, Constable Country. In many European countries the words are used for sub-divisions of the territory, as in the German Bundesländer. The modern Italian contrada is a word with its meaning varying locally, the term country is frequently used to refer to sovereign states. There is no agreement on the number of countries in the world. There are 206 sovereign states, of which 193 states are members of the United Nations, all are defined as states by declarative theory of statehood and constitutive theory of statehood. The latest proclaimed state is South Sudan in 2011, the Kingdom of Denmark, a sovereign state, comprises Metropolitan Denmark and two nominally separate countries—the Faroe Islands, and Greenland—which are almost fully internally self-governing. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state, comprises four separate countries, Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao. The degree of autonomy of non-sovereign countries varies widely, some are possessions of sovereign states, as several states have overseas territories, with citizenry at times identical and at times distinct from their own
5.
Chrysalis Records
–
Chrysalis Records /ˈkrɪ. sə. lɪs/ is a British record label that was created in 1969. The name was both a reference to the stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders names, Chris Wright. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency and this was after the single Sunshine Day/Aeroplane was incorrectly credited to Jethro Toe. Jethro Tull signed with Reprise Records in the United States, which led Chrysalis to an American distribution deal with Reprises parent company and this lasted from 1972 until U. S. Chrysalis switched to independent distribution in 1976. PolyGram handled international distribution and Festival Records covered Australia and New Zealand, towards the end of the 1970s, the label began to extend its range of music, incorporating acts from the Punk Rock scene such as Generation X. The Chrysalis offshoot 2 Tone Records brought in such as The Specials. In 1979 Chrysalis bought and distributed U. S. folk label Takoma Records, naming manager/producer Denny Bruce as president, jon Monday who was Vice President of Takoma Records prior to the acquisition continued as General Manager, later becoming Director of Marketing of Chrysalis Records. Chrysalis made history in 1979 by creating the first music video album, in the 1980s, Chrysalis was at the forefront of the British New Romantic movement with bands such as Gen X, Ultravox, and Spandau Ballet. The 1980s proved to be the most successful time for the label, whose roster then included Billy Idol, Pat Benatar, Blondie and Huey Lewis, Chrysalis also distributed Animal Records, the short-lived label founded by Blondie guitarist Chris Stein. In 1983 Daniel Glass moved to Chrysalis as Director of New Music Marketing, advancing later to Senior Vice President. The Chrysalis Records label was sold 50% in 1990, then the half in 1991 to EMI with catalogue. Chrysalis Records folded into EMI subsidiary and flagship label EMI Records in 2005, the British Chrysalis catalogue was put up for sale by Universal Music Group after its acquisition of EMI. In July 2013, Warner Music Group completed acquisition of Parlophone Label Group, when Universal Music Group purchased EMI in 2012 ownership of Chrysalis passed to UMG. In 2013 Warner Music Group acquired part of EMI from UMG, in May 2016, Blue Raincoat Music purchased Chrysalis Records Ltd and the artist catalogue from Warner Music Group. Blue Raincoat founders Jeremy Lascelles and Robin Millar brought in Robert Devereux and this reunited founder Wright with the company he set up 47 years previously. Chris Wright is now non-executive Chairman of Chrysalis Records Ltd, since the acquisition from Warner Music Group, Chrysalis has acquired the catalogues of Suzi Quatro, Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel, Athlete and Fun Lovin Criminals. Official site for Chrysalis Records UK at Blue Raincoat Music Ben Sisario, New York Times, Media Decoder blog,7 February 2013 Discogs page on Chrysalis Records
6.
EMI
–
EMI was a British multinational conglomerate founded in March 1931 and was based in London. At the time of its break-up in 2012, it was the fourth-largest business group and its EMI Records Ltd. group of record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone, Virgin Records and Capitol Records. EMI also had a publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing—also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE100 Index, other members of the Sony consortium include the Estate of Michael Jackson, The Blackstone Group, and Abu Dhabi–owned investment fund Mubadala Development Company. The new vertically integrated company produced sound recordings as well as recording, the companys gramophone manufacturing led to forty years of success with larger-scale electronics and electrical engineering. He was killed in 1942 whilst conducting flight trials on an experimental H2S radar set, post-war, the company resumed its involvement in making broadcasting equipment, notably providing the BBCs second television transmitter at Sutton Coldfield. It also manufactured broadcast television cameras for British television production companies as well as for the BBC, the commercial television ITV companies also used them alongside cameras made by Pye and Marconi. Exports of this piece of equipment were low, however, the company was also for many years an internationally respected manufacturer of photomultipliers. This part of the business was transferred to Thorn as part of Thorn-EMI, in 1958 the EMIDEC1100, the UKs first commercially available all-transistor computer, was developed at Hayes under the leadership of Godfrey Hounsfield, an electrical engineer at EMI. In 1973 EMI was awarded a prestigious Queens Award for Technological Innovation for what was called the EMI scanner. After brief, but brilliant, success in the imaging field, EMIs manufacturing activities were sold off to other companies. Subsequently, development and manufacturing activities were sold off to companies and work moved to other towns such as Crawley. Emihus Electronics, based in Glenrothes, Scotland, was owned 51% by Hughes Aircraft, of California, US and it manufactured integrated circuits electrolytic capacitors and, for a short period in the mid-1970s, hand-held calculators under the Gemini name. Early in its life, the Gramophone Company established subsidiary operations in a number of countries in the British Commonwealth, including India, Australia. Over 150,000 78-rpm recordings from around the world are held in EMIs temperature-controlled archive in Hayes, in 1931, the year the company was formed, it opened the legendary recording studios at Abbey Road, London. During the 1930s and 1940s, its roster of artists included Arturo Toscanini, Sir Edward Elgar, during this time EMI appointed its first A&R managers. These included George Martin, who brought the Beatles into the EMI fold. When the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1931, at this point RCA had a majority shareholding in the new company, giving RCA chair David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board
7.
Epic Records
–
Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
8.
Rounder Records
–
Rounder Records is an American record label specializing in folk, bluegrass, blues, and other forms of American roots music. Its roster includes Alison Krauss and Union Station, Béla Fleck, Steve Martin and Edie Brickell, Rounders musicians have won over 40 Grammy Awards since the labels inception in 1970. The company also maintains book and video divisions, Rounder was founded in 1970 by Ken Irwin, Bill Nowlin and Marian Leighton-Levy, three college friends in Massachusetts who shared an interest in folk, old country, and bluegrass music. They gave the label its name for reasons, the shape of a vinyl record, the nickname for a hobo. In Rounders first three years, it released 19 records, starting in 1970 with an album by George Pegram, Rounders earliest success was George Thorogood and The Destroyers, a blues-rock band that sold half a millions copes of their 1978 album Move It On Over. Headquarters were moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, over the years, Rounder expanded its roster to include other genres such as reggae, and zydeco. The labels first Grammy was won by blues guitarist Clarence Gatemouth Brown in 1983 for the album Alright Again, Rounders most successful act is bluegrass singer and fiddler Alison Krauss. In 1991, at the age of 19, she won a Grammy Award for her second album, the album spawned singles, videos, and national TV exposure. Krauss has sold over 12 million albums and won 27 Grammy Awards, in 2012, Rounder was sold to Concord Music Group. Two years later, Rounder moved its headquarters to Nashville, list of record labels Official site The Never-Ending Revival, Rounder Records and the Folk Alliance by Michael F. Scully Radio Interview with founders Marian Leighton Levy and Ken Irwin
9.
Frontiers Records
–
Frontiers Records is an Italian record label, predominantly producing classic rock. It was founded in 1996 by Serafino Perugino and is based in Naples,1998 saw the birth of Frontiers Records. The label was launched with the goal of producing quality products in the field of melodic rock offering. The first release of the new label was the live album Never Say Goodbye by the British hard rock group Ten. S. and Canada distribution. After Universal Music Group s purchase of EMI, Caroline, a UMG company, has undertaken US distribution. From January 2017, Sony Music or its independent labels distributor RED Music has started to distribute Frontiers Records releases in some key markets such as US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Caroline Distribution has been continuing the distribution in UK while in the parts of the world. List of record labels Frontiers Records home page
10.
The Babys
–
The Babys are a British rock group best known for their songs Isnt It Time and Every Time I Think of You. Both songs were composed by Jack Conrad and Ray Kennedy, and each reached No.13 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100, the 1976–1978 Babys line-up consisted of keyboardist/guitarist Michael Corby, vocalist/bassist John Waite, drummer Tony Brock and guitarist Wally Stocker. The group signed a contract that was the highest ever for a new act at the time. Two studio albums, The Babys and Broken Heart went without incident and were well received, however, when recording Head First in August 1978, Michael Corby was replaced by Jonathan Cain as keyboardist and Ricky Phillips took over as bassist. From 1979 until the breakup in 1981, The Babys line-up consisted of vocalist Waite, drummer Brock, bassist Phillips, guitarist Stocker, John Waite went on to produce a major solo hit, Missing You, in 1984. Stocker and Brock worked with Rod Stewart and other artists including Elton John. Waite, Cain and Phillips joined Bad English in the late 1980s, in 2013 it was announced that Brock and Stocker had reformed the band, alongside vocalist/bassist John Bisaha and guitarist Joey Sykes. In 2014, The Babys released their latest album Ill Have Some of That, - the first album in over 30 years - produced by Tony Brock at his studio - Silver Dreams Studios in California. The Babys took to the road for the first time in over 30 years in 2015, northeast, Southeast, West Coast and MidWest shows have all had great response. Founding member Mike Corby places the origin of the idea for the band at Smalls Café on the Fulham Road in London in 1973, an agreement was signed between Corby and Millar on 4 September 1974, and auditions were held to fill out the remaining members. Tony Brock was the member of the group to join. Brock was playing with a group called Strider, the last member to join the line-up was Wally Stocker. In 1977 they purchased a 24 track mobile unit with which to record their music and they went to a ranch house in the Malibu mountains and put down the tracks in six weeks. The influences of the songs came about from their first year in Los Angeles, Millar ultimately deciding on The Babys. In a 1979 Hit Parader magazine interview, Waite stated, The name was meant to be a joke and we took the name simply because the record companies wouldnt listen to any bands they thought were rock & roll. I mean, they wanted sure-fire teen bands, pre-teen bands and we couldnt get anybody down to hear us to get a record deal, so we called ourselves The Babys. We thought wed keep the name just for two weeks, then, the word got around in London that there was a band playing rock & roll called The Babys and it seemed so off the wall, so completely crazy, that it was worth taking a shot with. It really appealed to everyones sense of humor, music videos were produced by Mike Mansfield for Supersonic, and Chrysalis Records signed the band in 1976
11.
Bad English
–
The members decided on a name for the band while playing pool. John Waite missed a shot and Jonathan Cain made a comment on how bad his english was, the name is also thought to be a reference to The Babys, since the name was misspelled and an example of bad English. Jonathan Cain and guitarist Neal Schon, who had enjoyed success in Journey. The bands second album, Backlash, came and went without any fanfare, the only single, Straight To Your Heart, just missed the Top 40, peaking at No.42. Ricky Phillips writes on his website that the group had parted company before the album had been mixed. Both Phillips and guitarist Neal Schon expressed frustration with the pop side of the bands songs, in the end, it proved to be the bands undoing as everyone left to pursue other projects. In the mid-1990s, Schon rejoined Cain in a reformed Journey, castronovo later joined Journey as well. Meanwhile, Phillips returned to work, recording with artists such as Coverdale/Page, Bobby Kimball. John Waite returned to his solo career
12.
Alison Krauss
–
Alison Maria Krauss is an American bluegrass-country singer and musician. She entered the industry at an early age, winning local contests by the age of ten. She signed with Rounder Records in 1985 and released her first solo album in 1987 and she was invited to join the band with which she still performs, Alison Krauss and Union Station, and later released her first album with them as a group in 1989. She has released fourteen albums, appeared on soundtracks. She is the most awarded singer and the most awarded female artist in Grammy history, at the time of her first, the 1991 Grammy Awards, she was the second-youngest winner. Alison Maria Krauss was born in Decatur, Illinois, to Fred and her father was a German immigrant who came to the United States in 1952 and taught his native language. Her mother, of German and Italian descent, is the daughter of artists, Krauss grew up in the college town of Champaign, home to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. She began studying violin at age five but soon switched to bluegrass. Krauss said she first became involved with music because mother tried to find interesting things for me to do and wanted to get me involved in music, in addition to art and sports. At the age of eight she started entering talent contests. At 13 she won the Walnut Valley Festival Fiddle Championship, and she was also called Virtuoso by Vanity Fair Magazine. Krauss first met Dan Tyminski around 1984 at a festival held by the Society, Every current member of her band, Union Station, first met her at these festivals. Krauss made her debut in 1985 on the independent album, Different Strokes, featuring her brother Viktor Krauss, Swamp Weiss. From the age of 12 she performed with bassist and songwriter John Pennell in a band called Silver Rail, Pennell later changed the bands name to Union Station after another band was discovered with the name Silver Rail. Pennell remains one of her favorite songwriters and wrote some of her work including the popular Every Time You Say Goodbye. Later that year, she signed to Rounder Records, and in 1987, at 16, Krauss debut solo album was quickly followed by her first group album with Union Station in 1989, Two Highways. The album includes the traditional tunes Wild Bill Jones and Beaumont Rag, Krauss contract with Rounder required her to alternate between releasing a solo album and an album with Union Station, and she released the solo album Ive Got That Old Feeling in 1990. It was her first album to rise onto the Billboard charts, Krauss second Union Station album Every Time You Say Goodbye was released in 1992, and she went on to win her second Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album of the year
13.
Journey (band)
–
Journey is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1973, composed of former members of Santana and Frumious Bandersnatch. The band has gone through phases, its strongest commercial success occurred between 1978 and 1987. During that period, the released a series of hit songs, including Dont Stop Believin. Its parent studio album, Escape, the eighth and most successful, reached No.1 on the Billboard 200 and yielded another of their most popular singles. Journey enjoyed a reunion in the mid-1990s and later regrouped with a series of lead singers. Sales have resulted in two Gold albums, eight Multi-Platinum albums, and one Diamond album, in 2005, Dont Stop Believin reached No.3 on iTunes downloads. According to the Recording Industry Association of America, Journey has sold 48 million albums in the U. S. making them the 25th best-selling band and their worldwide sales have reached close to 90 million records, making them one of the worlds best-selling bands of all time. A2005 USA Today opinion poll named Journey the fifth-best American rock band in history and their songs have become arena rock staples and are still played on rock radio stations across the world. Journey ranks No.96 on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Journey will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7,2017. The original members of Journey came together in San Francisco in 1973 under the auspices of former Santana manager Herbie Herbert, bassist Ross Valory and rhythm guitarist George Tickner, both of Frumious Bandersnatch, rounded out the group. Prairie Prince of The Tubes served as drummer, the band quickly abandoned the original backup group concept and developed a distinctive jazz fusion style. After an unsuccessful radio contest to name the group, roadie John Villanueva suggested the name Journey, the bands first public appearance came at the Winterland Ballroom on New Year’s Eve,1973. Prairie Prince rejoined The Tubes shortly thereafter, and the band hired British drummer Aynsley Dunbar, on February 5,1974, the new line-up made their debut at the Great American Music Hall and secured a recording contract with Columbia Records. Journey released their eponymous album in 1975, and rhythm guitarist Tickner left the band before they cut their second album. Neither album achieved significant sales, so Schon, Valory, the following years Next contained shorter tracks with more vocals, and featured Neal Schon as lead singer on two of the songs. Journeys album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their style and add a frontman. The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a popular style, akin to that of Foreigner. In late 1977, Journey hired Steve Perry as their new lead singer, Herbie Herbert, the bands manager, also hired Roy Thomas Baker as a producer to add a layered sound approach as Baker had done with his previous band, Queen
14.
Missing You (John Waite song)
–
This article is about the song made popular by John Waite. For the unrelated song by Puff Daddy,112 and Faith Evans, Missing You is a song co-written and recorded by English musician John Waite. It was released in June 1984 as the single from the album No Brakes. It peaked at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 during the week of 22 September 1984, Missing You was the only #1 song from 1984 to only spend one week at the top of the charts. John Waite re-recorded the song with country/bluegrass artist Alison Krauss which appeared on her album A Hundred Miles or More, A Collection, the re-recording peaked at #34 on the Hot Country Songs chart. It also appears in the film 22 Jump Street during the montage where main characters Schmidt, the intro also features in the 1988 film The Great Outdoors with Dan Aykroyd and John Candy. The song is mentioned by Sheila Weller as describing O. J. Simpsons obsession with Nicole Brown Simpson and is the inspiration for the title of her book Raging Heart, in 1985, Waite was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for this song. In the verses/bridge, the singer describes how much he misses his ex-lover, while in the chorus, he lies to himself, the music video was written/directed/produced by Kort Falkenberg III and was actually filmed in Los Angeles during the summer of 1984. S. He wanted it to neutral and not be identifiable as any particular city. When he opens his door, a woman playfully jumps into his arms. Later, Waite watches through a crack in the door as the woman throws her clothes into her suitcase. She pushes through the door to him and it hits him in the face full force as she storms past him. Pained at her emotional and physical assault, he remembers being at one of her photo shoots. Trying to be cool, Waite leans on a lighting stand, seeing this, she lovingly laughs at his fumbling. Back to the present, Waite tries to call her from a phone booth and he laments about I aint missin you at all as he walks down the city street only to see a picture of the woman on a newspaper. There, an older woman slides onto the next to him and tries to flirt with him. He tries again to call her but his anger and frustration gets the better of him and he smashes the phone into pieces. When she finally comes to his door and knocks, he doesnt answer and she leans against the door gently touching it and, with a deep breath, she turns and leaves as tears flow down her face
15.
Billboard Hot 100
–
The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
16.
Billboard's Hot 100
–
The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
17.
MTV
–
MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
18.
Vision Quest
–
Vision Quest is a 1985 American coming-of-age drama film starring Matthew Modine, Linda Fiorentino and Ronny Cox. It is based on Terry Davis novel of the same name, Modine plays a Spokane high school wrestler who falls in love with an older woman, an aspiring artist from New Jersey on her way to San Francisco. The film includes an appearance by Madonna, her first in a motion picture, playing a singer at a local bar. In some countries, the title of the film was changed to market on Madonnas emerging fame, the film was shot in Spokane, Washington, in the fall of 1983. In this coming-of-age story, Louden Swain is a high school wrestler who has just turned eighteen and decided that he needs to do something truly meaningful in his life. In his zeal to drop from 190 pounds to 168 pounds, against the wishes of his coach and teammates, he disrupts the team around him and creates health problems of his own. Meanwhile, his father has taken on a boarder named Carla from Trenton, New Jersey, though she is older, Louden begins to fall in love with her and begins to lose sight of his goals as a wrestler. Worse, his weight loss culminates in an unhealthy situation in which he gets frequent nosebleeds due, Louden claims. He and Carla finally admit their love for one another, and she decides to move out and continue on to San Francisco, but not before seeing Loudens big match in which he defeats Shute in the final seconds with an over-under hip toss. C. Quinn as Elmo R. H. Interior cafeteria scenes were filmed at Ferris High School on Spokanes South Hill, some of the locker room scenes were filmed in the boys locker room of Shadle Park High School in northwest Spokane. Madonnas scene was filmed at the Big Foot Tavern on North Division Street in Spokane, other scenes were shot at The Onion Restaurant downtown and the North Central High School gym. The film had moderate success in theaters in the U. S. in 1985, the soundtrack does not include the background instrumental music by Tangerine Dream, which was released on the fan project Tangerine Tree 73, Soundtrax. The album peaked at #11 in the Billboard charts, in 2009, interest in a remake was generated after Taylor Lautner of Twilight fame expressed interest. E. News claimed a script existed which Lautner reportedly approved, Vision Quest at the Internet Movie Database Vision Quest at AllMovie Vision Quest at Box Office Mojo
19.
Tina Turner
–
Tina Turner, is an American-born Swiss recording artist, dancer, actress, and author, whose career has spanned more than half a century, earning her widespread recognition and numerous awards. Born and raised in the Southeastern United States, Turner obtained Swiss citizenship in 2013 and she began her musical career in the mid-1950s as a featured singer with Ike Turners Kings of Rhythm, first recording in 1958 under the name Little Ann. Her introduction to the public as Tina Turner began in 1960 as a member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. Success followed with a string of notable hits credited to the duo, including A Fool in Love, River Deep – Mountain High, Proud Mary, and Nutbush City Limits, a song which she herself wrote. In her autobiography, I, Tina, she revealed several instances of domestic abuse against her by Ike Turner prior to their 1976 split. After her divorce from Ike Turner, she rebuilt her career through live performances, Whats Love Got to Do with It, the lead single won three Grammy Awards including Record of the Year. Whats Love Got to Do with It was later used as the title of a loosely based biographical film adapted from her autobiography, One of the worlds best-selling artists of all time, she has also been referred to as The Queen of Rock n Roll. Turner has been termed the most successful female Rock n Roll artist, receiving eleven Grammy Awards, including eight competitive awards, Turner has also sold more concert tickets than any other solo performer in history. Her combined album and single sales total approximately 180 million copies worldwide and she is noted for her energetic stage presence, powerful vocals, and career longevity. In 2008, Turner returned from semi-retirement to embark on her Tina, Turners tour became one of the highest selling ticketed shows of 2008–09. Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Turner no.63 on their list of 100 greatest artists of all time, in 1991, Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Turner announced in December 2016 that she has been working on Tina, Turner was born Anna Mae Bullock on November 26,1939, in Nutbush, an unincorporated area in Haywood County, Tennessee. Her parents were Zelma Priscilla and Floyd Richard Bullock, Anna Mae was born at Poindexter Farm on Highway 180, where her father worked as an overseer of the sharecroppers. She is of African-American descent, with approximately 33% European and 1% Native American ancestry, Anna Mae had an older sister, Ruby Aillene. As young children, Anna Mae and Aillene were separated when their parents relocated to Knoxville, Tennessee, after the war, the sisters reunited with their parents and moved with them to Knoxville. Two years later, the returned to Nutbush to live in the Flagg Grove community. In 1889, her uncle had sold the land on which the school was built to the school trustees. As a youngster, Anna Mae sang in the choir at Nutbushs Spring Hill Baptist Church
20.
Adult contemporary music
–
Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music. Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and it is usually melodic enough to get a listeners attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure, the format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched, however, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers. An AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it excludes hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as these are popular among adults. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s, a common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart, over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including hot AC, soft AC, urban AC, rhythmic AC, and Christian AC. Some stations play only hot AC, soft AC, or only one of the variety of subgenres, therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music, it is merely an assemblage of selected tracks from musicians of many different genres. Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, a few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17,1961, with 20 songs, the chart described itself as not too far out in either direction. Initially, the vocalists consisted of such as Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, Connie Francis, Nat King Cole, Perry Como. The custom recordings were usually instrumental versions of current or recent rock and roll or pop hit songs, some stations would also occasionally play earlier big band-era recordings from the 1940s and early 1950s. After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced, better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the charts most popular performers and these middle of the road stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs. Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or beautiful music stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient, hard rock had been established as a mainstream genre by 1965. From the end of the 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody
21.
About Last Night (1986 film)
–
About Last Night is a 1986 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Edward Zwick, and starring Rob Lowe and Demi Moore as Chicago yuppies who enter a committed relationship for the first time. The screenplay by Tim Kazurinsky and Denise DeClue is based on the 1974 David Mamet play Sexual Perversity in Chicago, the film was remade as the 2014 About Last Night. Danny and Bernie are two men who live in Chicago. When Danny meets Debbie at Mother Malones, a bar in the Chicago Gold Coast, patricks Day, and their reconciliation at a softball game. It was the 26th highest-grossing movie of 1986, and the 10th highest-grossing R-rated movie of 1986. The lead performances were praised, with Ebert writing Lowe and Moore, members of Hollywoods Brat Pack, are survivors of last summers awful movie about yuppie singles. This is the movie St. Elmos Fire should have been, Last summers movie made them look stupid and shallow. Gives them the best acting opportunities either one has ever had, the film holds a 61% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 28 reviews. The films music album was released on EMI Records. The album includes music by Sheena Easton, Michael Henderson, John Oates, as well as Jermaine Jackson, Bob Seger, about Last Night at the Internet Movie Database About Last Night at AllMovie About Last Night at Rotten Tomatoes About Last Night at Box Office Mojo
22.
Rover's Return (album)
–
Rovers Return is the fourth solo studio album from English musician John Waite, released in 1987. The album was Waites last charting album on the American Billboard 200 and it lasted 12 weeks in the chart. A total of two singles were released from the album, These Times Are Hard for Lovers and Dont Lose Any Sleep, the latter written by American songwriter Diane Warren. These Times Are Hard for Lovers peaked at #53 on the Billboard Hot 100, #6 on the Mainstream Rock chart and #77 in the UK and he also co-wrote Big Time for Love. Sometimes was written by Dan Hartman and Charlie Midnight, the album was largely recorded and mixed at Right Track Studios in New York City, with additional recording at The Hit Factory, The Power Station and Carriage House Studios. While recording tracks for Rovers Return during 1987, Waite recorded a version of the Billy Steinberg, but decided not to release it. The song was recorded by Roy Orbison in 1987 but not released until 1992. In 2001, Waites version of the song was released on the One Way Records release Live & Rare Tracks, the album was released via EMI America on vinyl, cassette and CD. It was released in the US, UK, Europe and Canada, on 25 June 2012, the British label BGO Records digitally remastered the album and re-issued it in the UK. Those years in the wilderness - roughly 1985 through 1990 - he released two albums, 1985s Mask of Smiles and 1987s Rovers Return. Its like these two albums are the sides to one coin - the first illustrates how professional craft can be utterly engaging. Still, its a little stiff and predictable, never reaching a level thats interesting. Erlewine also noted the Act of Love song by highlighted it as a standout by labeling it an AMG Pick Track. On The Sound Page of the New Straits Times of September 13,1987 and his Missing You was a big hit in 1983. He hasnt been doing all that well since then, four years on, Waite has not changed. Rovers Return offers songs in the Missing You mould, just check out the titles, These Times are Hard for Lovers, Act of Love, Big Time for Love. Which is a shame because his voice is quite good and it is rather thin but it has a passionate edge to it. However lines like You and I fit together hand in glove/What we have is an act of all are inane
23.
Days of Thunder
–
Days of Thunder is a 1990 American sports action drama film released by Paramount Pictures, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Tony Scott. The cast includes Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Robert Duvall, Randy Quaid, Cary Elwes, Caroline Williams, the film also features appearances by real life NASCAR racers, such as Rusty Wallace, Neil Bonnett, and Harry Gant. Commentator Dr. Jerry Punch, of ESPN, has a cameo appearance and this is the first of three films to star both Cruise and Kidman. Cole Trickle is a racer from Eagle Rock, California. His goal was to win the Indianapolis 500 but realises that You cant win at Indy without a great car and he is recruited by Chevrolet dealership tycoon Tim Daland to race for his team in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. Daland also convinces former crew chief and car builder Harry Hogge to come out of retirement, after Trickle sets a fast time in a private test at Charlotte, Hogge builds him a new Chevrolet Lumina to drive in the Winston Cup, though the season has already started. After discovering that Cole does not understand the terminology used by NASCAR teams. This pays off at the Darlington race, when Cole uses a slingshot maneuver from the line to overtake Rowdy. The rivalry between Cole and Rowdy intensifies throughout the season until tragedy strikes, at the Firecracker 400 in Daytona, both drivers are seriously injured after their cars are destroyed in a multi-car wreck. At the same time, NASCAR president Big John, brings Rowdy and Cole together in a meeting and warns them that he, afterwards, Cole and Rowdy go out to lunch together by Big Johns persuasion, and settle their differences. Cole and Rowdy change from bitter rivals to close friends, as Cole is still undergoing therapy, Daland hires hot-shot rookie Russ Wheeler as a substitute to fill the seat. Weeks later, Cole returns to duty, with Daland now fielding two teams – the second car driven by Wheeler. Though Cole shows signs of his old self, he now himself in a rivalry with his new teammate. At North Wilkesboro, Russ gets dirty on pit road and spins Cole out to win the race, in retaliation, Cole crashes his car into Russs car following the race, resulting in Cole and Harry being fired by Daland. When Rowdy discovers that he has to undergo surgery to fix a broken blood vessel. Cole reluctantly agrees and convinces Harry to return as crew chief again, hours prior to the race, Harry discovers metal in the oil pan, a sign of engine failure, so he manages to have Daland provide him a new engine. This sets the tone for a showdown between Cole and Russ. Cole drives into victory lane, where he and Claire kiss passionately while they celebrate with his pit-crew, as he looks around to see where Harry is, he spots him sitting alone on a concrete barrier near the teams pit stall
24.
Jonathan Cain
–
Jonathan Cain is an American musician, singer and songwriter best known for his work with The Babys, Journey and Bad English. Cain will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey in 2017, Cain was born in Chicago, Illinois. At the age of eight Cain began accordion lessons, and by the time he was in his teens he was playing accordion and piano at parties and he also plays guitar, bass and harmonica. Cain attended East Leyden High School in Franklin Park, Illinois and he was a survivor of the Our Lady of the Angels School Fire of 1958, in which 92 students and 3 nuns died. He later attended the Chicago Conservatory of Music before moving to Nashville, Tennessee for a time and then eventually to Los Angeles, in 1976, Cain released his first record as the Jonathan Cain Band, Windy City Breakdown, on Bearsville Records. In 1979, he joined The Babys, appearing on their albums Union Jacks, in 1980 Cain left The Babys to join the rock band Journey, taking Gregg Rolies place on keyboards. Perhaps his most notable contribution was as sole author of the classic Journey ballad Faithfully, Cain would go on to appear on at least 13 other Journey albums and compilations. The song Working Class Man sung by Jimmy Barnes is one of Cains compositions and is considered to be Barnes signature song. Cain reunited with former Babys bandmates John Waite and Ricky Phillips, fellow Journey bandmate Neal Schon, the band released two albums before disbanding in the early 1990s. In 1996, the Journey lineup from the album Escape was reunited and they reformed and recorded the album Trial by Fire. Steve Perry then left the again in 1998, after suffering a hip injury, while hiking in Hawaii. Journey has continued on three subsequent lead singers, Steve Augeri from 1998 to 2006, Jeff Scott Soto from 2006 to 2007. Cain is known to perform a solo at every Journey concert. He started this tradition when Steve Augeri joined the band in 1998 and he usually plays exactly the same solo at every concert on a tour, and has changed the solo he performs only four times, in 1998,2003,2009, and 2011. In addition to his work with Journey, Cain has released eight solo albums, Cain has been married three times. His first wife was singer Tané McClure, in 1989 he married his second wife, Elizabeth Yvette Fullerton, with whom he has three children, Madison, Liza and Weston. Cain moved from Novato, California to a suburb of Nashville and he is now married to minister Paula White. He has built a studio called Addiction Sound in Nashville
25.
Neal Schon
–
Neal Joseph Schon is an American rock guitarist, songwriter, and vocalist, best known for his work with the bands Journey and Bad English. He is Journeys last original constant member, having participated in every album and he was a member of the rock band Santana before forming Journey, and was also an original member of Hardline. Schon was inducted into the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame on August 23,2013, Schon will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey in 2017. Neal Joseph Schon was born at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, Schon first picked up the guitar at around the age of five. A quick learner, he joined Santana as a teenager at 15, Schon has said he was asked by Eric Clapton to join Derek and the Dominos, but that he joined Santana instead, performing on the albums Santana III and Caravanserai. Schon also played in Azteca before moving on in 1973 to form Journey, Schons guitar style has been described as soulful, taking inspiration from 1960s-era soul singers such as Aretha Franklin and Gladys Knight, and blending it with blues runs similar to B. B. He was influenced by such as Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Carlos Santana. Schon can be heard on albums including three tracks on Michael Boltons The Hunger, with the Schon sound most recognizable on The Dock of the Bay. He also joined Larry Graham to play in a band for cult funk artist and ex-wife of Miles Davis. In addition, Schon also contributed to Lenny Whites 1977 album Big City, Schons first guitar was an acoustic Stella, followed two years later by a Gibson ES-335. When the 335 was stolen, he replaced it with a 56 Les Paul Goldtop reissue that he used for many years and he has previously employed Godin guitars on his 1995 solo album Beyond the Thunder, and more recently uses Paul Reed Smith guitars. In the late 1980s, Schon manufactured and played his own line of guitars, simply named Schon, about 200 of the Jackson-produced models were made. A Gibson Les Paul Super Custom can be seen in the video for the Journey song Anyway You Want It. Recently he has been using a Seven String Ibanez Universe. On the song Lights, he uses a Fender Stratocaster later equipped with a Floyd Rose tremolo, as of 2008, Schon currently prefers guitar pedals from Xotic, a Vox Satriani model and occasionally uses a Buddy Guy wah pedal. In a 2007 interview, Neal confirmed that he has had tinnitus for years stemming from excessive loud playing, Schons father, Matthew Schon, was a jazz musician and composer who provided the arrangements on the Journey song Mother, Father. Currently, Neal uses Paul Reed Smith guitars, and has two models with the NS prefix. The two said they had dated years previously in the 1990s and were very happy together
26.
When I See You Smile
–
When I See You Smile is a song written by Diane Warren and performed by American/British hard rock band Bad English. It was released in September 1989 as the single taken from their self-titled debut album of the same name. The power ballad was a success and went on to become the bands first. In the video the band are performing on a stage, which contains shots of its members. The footage was taken at one of their arena concerts and it shows Jonathan Cains distinctive synthesizer opening and moves into the soft initial vocal work of John Waite. The tempo picks up with Deen Castronovos drum work and Neal Schons trademark guitar during which Waite becomes more emphatic vocally, the complete video was directed by Jonathan Cain and can easily be found on YouTube. In 1992, 16-year-old reggae artist Singing Sweet scored a hit version in Jamaica. In 2006, American Idol runner-up Clay Aiken covered it on his third album A Thousand Different Ways, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
27.
Diane Warren
–
Diane Eve Warren is an American songwriter. She rose to prominence in 1983 and has written songs for and with multiple music artists. Warren has had nine songs and 32 Top 10 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Additionally, two of the top 13 hits in the Hot 100s 57-year history were written by her, Warren is the first songwriter in the history of Billboard magazine to have seven hits, all by different artists, on the singles chart at the same time. Her success in the US has been paralleled in the UK, Warren has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, three consecutive Billboard Music Awards for Songwriter of the Year and several other accolades. She has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Warren owns a publishing company, Realsongs, which gives her control over her compositions. Her familys surname Warren was originally Wolfberg, but her father changed the name because it sounded too Jewish, Warren says she was rebellious as a child and told NPRs Scott Simon that she got into trouble and ran away as a teen but returned because she missed her cat. As a child, Warren loved listening to the radio and dreamed of performing on the radio herself and she was also influenced by music through her parents and her two older sisters who would play music. She began writing music when she was 11 but took a serious approach at 14. Warren has said that her mother asked her to give up her dream of a songwriting career, however, her father continued to believe in her and encouraged her. In addition, he bought her a 12-string guitar and a shed for her to practice. She wrote the song Because You Loved Me as a tribute to her father for his encouragement and she briefly attended college at Los Angeles Pierce College and California State University, Northridge but considered it a waste and spent more of her time writing songs while attending. Warrens first hit was Solitaire, which Laura Branigan took to No.7 in the US pop charts in 1983, shes actually more like the Emily Dickinson of Pop. As in the case of the great nineteenth-century reclusive New England poet known for her simple yet eloquent verses, the original name for her publishing company, Realsongs, was Warren Piece because War and Peace was already taken. In 1998, Realsongs and its partner, EMI Music Publishing, distributed A Passion For Music. EMI Musics London office assisted in distributing 1,200 copies of the box set primarily to the film and television industry for consideration in soundtracks and it was not marketed to consumers. As of 2011, Warrens music has appeared in the soundtracks of over 60 films and she was awarded a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2001. The Diane Warren Foundation, in conjunction with the ASCAP Foundation, the initiative provides sheet music, band arrangements, folios, and method books to each of the schools that are already recipients of musical instruments from the VH1 Save the Music Foundation
28.
Billboard (magazine)
–
Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
29.
The Tonight Show
–
The Tonight Show is an American late-night talk show currently broadcast from the Rockefeller Center in New York City and airing on NBC since 1954. It is the worlds longest-running talk show, and the longest running and it is the third-longest-running show on NBC, after the news-and-talk shows Today and Meet the Press. Over the course of more than 60 years, The Tonight Show has undergone only minor title changes and it aired under the name Tonight for several of its early years, eventually settling on The Tonight Show after the seating of long-time host Johnny Carson in 1962. In 1957, the show briefly tried a more news-style format and it has otherwise remained a talk show throughout its run. The Tonight Show began broadcasting in 1954 and it has had six official hosts, beginning with Steve Allen, followed by Jack Paar, Johnny Carson, Jay Leno, Conan OBrien, and Jimmy Fallon. It has had recurring guest hosts, a practice especially common during the Paar. Carson is the longest-serving host to date, the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson aired for 30 seasons between October 1962 and May 1992. Leno, however, has the record of having hosted the greatest number of total televised episodes, during Johnny Carsons first eighteen years, the show ran for ninety minutes. During Johnnys 1980 contract negotiations, the show was shortened to sixty minutes, besides the guest hosts Johnny used, NBC ran The Best of Carson which was reruns of popular older shows Johnny had done. Prior to the starting of Saturday Night Live in 1975, NBC showed The Best of Carson on Saturday nights at 11,30 pm, outside of its brief run as a news show in 1957, OBrien is the shortest-serving host. OBrien hosted 146 episodes over the course of less than eight months, current host Fallon took the helm on February 17,2014. Fallon had previously hosted Late Night, and before Late Night he was a member of the cast of Saturday Night Live. From 1950 to 1951 NBC aired Broadway Open House, a variety show hosted primarily by comic Jerry Lester. Broadway… demonstrated the potential for late-night network programming. The format of The Tonight Show can be traced to a nightly 40-minute local program in New York, hosted by Allen and it was quickly retitled The Steve Allen Show. This premiered in 1953 on WNBT-TV, the local affiliate in New York City. Beginning in September 1954, it was renamed Tonight. and began its run on the full NBC network. Notes for hosting history The first Tonight announcer was Gene Rayburn, when the show became a success, Allen got a primetime Sunday comedy/variety show in June 1956, leading him to share Tonight hosting duties with Ernie Kovacs during the 1956–57 season
30.
Warm Bodies (film)
–
Warm Bodies is a 2013 American paranormal romantic zombie comedy film based on Isaac Marions novel of the same name. Directed and written by Jonathan Levine, the film stars Nicholas Hoult, Teresa Palmer, Analeigh Tipton, the film focuses on the development of the relationship between Julie, a young woman, and R, a zombie, and how their eventual romance develops throughout. The film is noted for displaying human characteristics in zombie characters, as a zombie, R constantly craves human flesh, especially brains, as he is able to feel alive through the victims memories he experiences when he eats them. R sees Julie and is drawn to her, after being shot in the chest by Julies boyfriend, Perry, R kills him while Julie is distracted, and eats his brain, giving R his thoughts and memories, making his attraction to Julie even stronger. He rescues Julie from the rest of the pack by wiping some zombie blood on her face, masking her scent, Julie is initially terrified of R, and suspicious of his intentions. Julie starts to trust R after he rescues her during an escape attempt. R insists that Julie has to stay with him for a few days until he deems it safe enough for her to leave, the two bond, listening to LP records and playing games to kill the time, causing R to slowly begin to come to life. After a few days, Julie gets restless, and tries to return home, yet attracts swarms of zombies, after fending off a group of zombies, including M, who is confused by Rs actions, R decides it is time to return her to the human enclave. On the way, R reveals to Julie that he was the one that killed Perry, R begins to make his way back to the airport, heartbroken. R and M lead a group to the enclave, where R sneaks inside the wall. There, he finds Julie and meets her friend Nora, who is initially shocked, when R reveals that the other corpses have also been coming back to life, the three of them attempt to tell Colonel Grigio, Julies father and leader of the survivors. Colonel Grigio refuses to believe corpses can change and threatens to kill R, Julie and R escape to a baseball stadium where the rest of Rs group is waiting, but soon find themselves under attack by a horde of Boneys. While M and his gang of zombies square off against the Boneys, Julie and R run, taking the only escape route, R jumps with Julie into a pool far below, shielding her from the impact. After Julie pulls R from the bottom of the pool, they kiss, Colonel Grigio arrives and shoots R in the shoulder without warning. Julie attempts to him that R has changed, when she notices that he is bleeding from his wound – revealing that he has completely revived and is human once more. The humans and zombies combine forces and kill most of the Boneys while the rest die off from starvation, the film ends with a now fully alive R and Julie watching a wall surrounding the city being demolished, signifying the end of the apocalypse. The zombies can barely talk in the film, so extensive voice-overs were used to express their thoughts, I think this movie takes the mythology in a different direction, and I think there is a lot there for die-hard zombie fans, he explained. It may be divisive, but I think theres a lot there for zombie fans if theyre open-minded to a new take on it, actress Teresa Palmer said, For me, the core of the story is that love breathes life back into people
31.
Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues
–
Anchorman 2, The Legend Continues is a 2013 American comedy film and the sequel to the 2004 film Anchorman, The Legend of Ron Burgundy. It brings in newcomers Harrison Ford, Kristen Wiig, James Marsden, Meagan Good, development for the film began as early as 2008, but Paramount Pictures turned down the proposed sequel. However, in March 2012, Ferrell officially announced the film was in production, unlike the first film, the film is distributed by Paramount Pictures instead of DreamWorks Pictures. The Legend Continues was released on December 18,2013, to positive reviews, in 1980, Ron Burgundy and Veronica Corningstone are married and are both co-anchors for a prestigious news network in New York City. One day, Mack Tannen, the most famous news anchor in New York. He intends to promote Corningstone, making her the first female news anchor in the history of television. Burgundy grows jealous of Corningstones success and storms out of the house, leaving her, six months later, Burgundy is back in San Diego, but barely able to hold a job due to his depression. He reassembles his news team, finding Champ Kind, who owns a fried chicken store, Brian Fantana, now a famous cat photographer, and Brick Tamland and they are assigned the unpopular late-night timeslot while obnoxious rival anchorman Jack Lime is put in a primetime slot. Meanwhile, Burgundy finds that Corningstone has started dating psychologist Gary, as GNN launches, Burgundy decides to broadcast what the people want to hear, rather than what they need to hear. He and his team devise a sensationalist and patriotic newscast and their new approach proves to be a hit, beating Lime in ratings by a massive margin, and the other news networks scramble to emulate them. Burgundy and his team are promoted to primetime, where they enjoy fame, Burgundys success excites GNNs manager, Linda Jackson, and they begin a romantic relationship. Tamland meets a similarly eccentric GNN office worker named Chani and immediately falls in love, Burgundy lets his newfound fame get to his head and neglects his parental obligations to Walter, angering Corningstone. He also alienates Fantana, Kind, and Tamland, claiming he is tired of carrying them, during a party celebrating GNNs success, Lime causes Burgundy to slip and suffer a head injury, resulting in him becoming temporarily blind. Unable to read the news, Burgundy isolates himself in a lighthouse, Corningstone arrives with Walter for a visit, announcing that she has quit her own job, and Burgundy bonds with his family, gradually adjusting to his disability. Burgundy and his son rehabilitate a small shark, naming him Doby before setting him free and he leaves angrily, gets his vision restored, and returns to GNN. Back in New York, Burgundy is once again approached by Corningstone, at the same time, an exclusive news story comes in, requiring Burgundy to cover it. However, on live TV, Burgundy instead admits that news is supposed to inform, not entertain and he leaves for Walters recital but is intercepted by an angered Lime and his team and several other news teams, all of whom want to kill him due to his fame. Burgundys friends arrive to defend him and a battle ensues
32.
Santa Monica, California
–
Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
33.
Music recording sales certification
–
Music recording sales certification is a system of certifying that a music recording has shipped or sold a certain number of copies. The threshold quantity varies by type and by nation or territory, almost all countries follow variations of the RIAA certification categories, which are named after precious materials. The number of sales or shipments required for these awards depends upon the population of the territory in which the recording is released, typically, they are awarded only to international releases and are awarded individually for each country in which the album is sold. Different sales levels, some perhaps 10 times lower than others, the original gold record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first of these was awarded by RCA Victor to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single Dont Be Cruel. The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso and these sales were restricted to U. S. -based record companies and did not include exports to other countries. For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units, the platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year, for instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the certification was introduced for sales of ten million units. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to Johnnie Taylors single, Disco Lady, as music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999 and this became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming. In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media, in June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Rhapsody and Spotify has been included into existing digital certification in the U. S since 2013, in the U. S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo. Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download, other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe, multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time, and is not restricted to European-based artists, IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver, Double Silver, Gold, Double Gold, Diamond, Platinum, below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom
34.
UK Albums Chart
–
The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company on Fridays and it is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 and published in Music Week magazine, and on the OCC website. To qualify for the Official Albums Chart the album must be the correct length and it must be more than three tracks or 20 minutes long and not be classed as a budget album. A budget album costs between £0.50 and £3.75, additionally, various artist compilations – which until January 1989 were included in the main album listing – are now listed separately in a compilations chart. Full details of the rules can be found on the OCC website. In the 1970s the new chart was revealed at 12,45 pm on Thursdays on BBC Radio 1. Since October 1993 it has included in The Official Chart show from 4,00 –5,45 pm on Fridays. A weekly Album Chart show was licensed out to BBC Radio 2 and presented by Simon Mayo,2005 saw a record number of artist album sales with 126.2 million sold in the UK. In February 2015, it was announced that, due to the sales of albums and rise in popularity of audio streaming. Under the revised methodology, the Official Charts Company takes the 12 most streamed tracks from one album, the total of these streams is divided by 1000 and added to the pure sales of the album. This calculation was designed to ensure that the chart continues to reflect the popularity of the albums themselves. The final number one album on the UK Albums Chart to be based purely on sales alone was Smoke + Mirrors by Imagine Dragons, on 1 March 2015, In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith became the first album to top the new streaming-incorporated Official Albums Chart. The most successful artists in the charts depends on the criteria used, as of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at one, however, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks. The male solo artist with the most weeks at one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a solo artist and most top ten albums by any artist. Madonna has the most number one albums by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the Evita film soundtrack which was a cast recording, Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queens Greatest Hits is the album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014
35.
Billboard 200
–
The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
