1.
Ardwick
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Ardwick is a district of Manchester in North West England, one mile south east of the city centre. The population of the Ardwick Ward at the 2011 census was 19,250, when its industries later fell into decline then so did Ardwick itself, becoming one of the citys most deprived areas. In the late 19th century Ardwick had many places of entertainment, but the remnant of that history today is the Art Deco Manchester Apollo. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Ardwick was a village just outside Manchester in open countryside. The principal residents were the Birch family, one of whom was a general when Oliver Cromwell instituted direct military rule. One Samuel Birch was instrumental in providing a small chapel of ease, dedicated to St. Thomas and this soon expanded into a Georgian church, to which a brick campanile tower was added in the 1830s. It contained a very rare Samuel Green organ, the first in which the keys were distinguished in black. There was also a chapel to the dead of the First World War. These have been removed, and the church is now used as offices for voluntary organisations, grand terraces of regency houses were built either side of the church, and these were fronted by Ardwick Green, a private park for the residents, containing a pond. Similar housing developments to those around the Green took place along Higher Ardwick, early inhabitants included members the family of Sir Robert Peel. Charles Dickens drew many of his characters life, and was a frequent visitor to Manchester. It is said that Dickens based the character of the crippled Tiny Tim in A Christmas Carol on the son of a friend who owned a cotton mill in Ardwick. Ardwick Cemetery was established in the 1830s as a place for fashionable burials. John Dalton, the chemist and physicist best known for his advocacy of atomic theory, is amongst those buried there, the cemetery has since been converted into a school playing field. During the 19th century, Ardwick became heavily industrialised and it was characterised by factories, railways, large numbers of Irish immigrants settled here, as they did throughout Manchester. Nicholls Hospital, a building that was later a school, was constructed on Hyde Road in the last quarter of the 19th century. More recently it has become the Nicholls Campus of the Manchester College, the railway bridge across Hyde Road was known by older residents as the Fenian Arch. On 18 September 1867 it was the scene of an attack upon a prison van carrying two Fenian prisoners to the former Belle Vue gaol, one police officer was shot dead
2.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
3.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
4.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
5.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
6.
Keyboard instrument
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A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various keyboards, including synthesizers. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, today, the term keyboard often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Another important use of the keyboard is in historical musicology. Particularly in the 18th century, the harpsichord, the clavichord, and the piano were in competition. Hence in a phrase like Mozart excelled as a player the word keyboard is usefully noncommittal. The earliest known keyboard instrument was the Ancient Greek hydraulis, a type of pipe organ, the keys were likely balanced and could be played with a light touch, as is clear from the reference in a Latin poem by Claudian, who says magna levi detrudens murmura tactu. Intent, that is “let him thunder forth as he presses out mighty roarings with a light touch”, from its invention until the fourteenth century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ did not feature a keyboard at all, almost every keyboard until the fifteenth century had seven naturals to each octave. The clavichord and the harpsichord appeared during the 14th century—the clavichord probably being earlier, the harpsichord and clavichord were both common until widespread adoption of the piano in the 18th century, after which their popularity decreased. The piano was revolutionary, because a pianist could vary the volume of the sound by varying the vigor with which each key was struck. The pianos full name is gravicèmbalo con piano e forte meaning harpsichord with soft and loud but can be shortened to piano-forte, which means soft-loud in Italian. In its current form, the piano is a product of the late 19th century, in fact, the modern piano is significantly different from even the 19th-century pianos used by Liszt, Chopin, and Brahms. See Piano history and musical performance, keyboard instruments were further developed in the early twentieth century. Early electromechanical instruments, such as the Ondes Martenot, appeared early in the century and this was a very important contribution to the keyboards history. Much effort has gone into creating an instrument that sounds like the piano but lacks its size, the electric piano and electronic piano were early efforts that, while useful instruments in their own right, did not convincingly reproduce the timbre of the piano. Electric and electronic organs were developed during the same period, more recent electronic keyboard designs strive to emulate the sound of specific make and model pianos using digital samples and computer models. Concerns celebrated keyboard players and the various instruments used over the centuries
7.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
8.
Mandolin
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A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or pick. It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison, although five, the courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello. There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a bottom, constructed of strips of wood. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a shallower, arched back. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music, carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature a fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course. There has also been a type and an instrument with sixteen-strings. Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard, pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, the modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections, there is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f. A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling, Mandolins evolved from the lute family in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the deep bowled mandolin, produced particularly in Naples, became common in the 19th century. Dating to around c.13,000 BC, a painting in the Trois Frères cave in France depicts what some believe is a musical bow. From the musical bow, families of stringed instruments developed, since each string played a note, adding strings added new notes, creating bow harps, harps. In turn, this led to being able to play dyads and chords, another innovation occurred when the bow harp was straightened out and a bridge used to lift the strings off the stick-neck, creating the lute
9.
Autoharp
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The autoharp is a trademark for a string instrument having a series of chord bars attached to dampers, which, when depressed, mute all of the strings other than those that form the desired chord. Despite its name, the autoharp is not a harp at all, debate exists over the origin of the autoharp. A German immigrant in Philadelphia, Charles F. Zimmermann, was awarded US257808 in 1882 for a design for an instrument that included mechanisms for muting certain strings during play. He named his invention the autoharp, unlike later autoharps, the shape of the instrument was symmetrical, and the felt-bearing bars moved horizontally against the strings instead of vertically. It is not known if Zimmermann ever commercially produced any instruments of this early design, karl August Gütter of Markneukirchen, Germany, built a model that he called a Volkszither, which most resembles the autoharp played today. Gütter obtained a British patent for his instrument circa 1883–1884, Zimmermann, after returning from a visit to Germany, began production of the Gütter design in 1885, but with his own design patent number and catchy name. Gütters instrument design became popular, and Zimmermann has often been mistaken as the inventor. A stylized form of the term Autoharp was registered as a trademark in 1926, the word is currently claimed as a trademark by U. S. Music Corporation, whose Oscar Schmidt division manufactures Autoharps, the USPTO registration, however, covers only a Mark Drawing Code WORDS, LETTERS, AND/OR NUMBERS IN STYLIZED FORM and has expired. In litigation with George Orthey, it was held that Oscar Schmidt could only claim ownership of the lettering of the word Autoharp. Modern autoharps have 36 or 37 strings, although examples with as many as 47 strings. They are strung in either diatonic or chromatic scales, standard models have 15 or 21 chord bars, or buttons, available, a selection of major, minor, and dominant seventh chords. These are arranged for historical or systemic reasons, as for example, A variety of chord bar layouts exist, although the autoharp is often thought of as a rhythm instrument for playing chordal accompaniment, modern players can play melodies on the instrument. Diatonic players are able to play fiddle tunes using open-chording techniques, skilled chromatic players can perform a range of melodies. Diatonically strung single-key instruments from modern luthiers, such as Orthey, Fladmark, Hollandsworth, DAigle, Baker, Daniels and this is accomplished by doubling the strings for individual notes. Since the strings for notes not in the diatonic scale need not appear in the string bed, until the 1960s, no pickups were available to amplify the autoharp other than a rudimentary contact microphone, which had a poor-quality, tinny sound. Eventually, a bar magnetic pickup was designed by Harry DeArmond, pinkertons Assorted Colours used the instrument on their 1966 single Mirror, mirror. In the 1970s, Oscar Schmidt came out with their own magnetic pickup, shown at the right is a 1930 refinished Oscar Schmidt Inc. Model A
10.
Harmonica
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There are many types of harmonica, including diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, octave, orchestral, and bass versions. A harmonica is played by using the mouth to direct air into or out of one or more holes along a mouthpiece, behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed. A harmonica reed is a flat elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, when the free end is made to vibrate by the players air, it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound. Reeds are pre-tuned to individual pitches, tuning may involve changing a reeds length, the weight near its free end, or the stiffness near its fixed end. Longer, heavier and springier reeds produce deeper, lower sounds, an important technique in performance is bending, causing a drop in pitch by making embouchure adjustments. Such two-reed pitch changes actually involve sound production by the normally silent reed, the basic parts of the harmonica are the comb, reed plates and cover plates. The comb is the body of the instrument, which. The term comb may originate from the similarity between this part of a harmonica and a hair comb, Harmonica combs were traditionally made from wood but now are also made from plastic or metal. Some modern and experimental designs are complex in the way that they direct the air. There is dispute among players about whether comb material affects the tone of a harmonica, among those saying yes are those who are convinced by their ears. Few dispute, however, that comb surface smoothness and air-tightness when mated with the reedplates can greatly affect tone, the main advantage of a particular comb material over another one is its durability. In particular, a comb can absorb moisture from the players breath. This can cause the comb to expand slightly, making the instrument uncomfortable to play, various types of wood and treatments have been devised to reduce the degree of this problem. Much effort is devoted by serious players to restoring wood combs, some players used to soak wooden-combed harmonicas in water to cause a slight expansion, which they intended to make the seal between the comb, reed plates and covers more airtight. Modern wooden-combed harmonicas are less prone to swelling and contracting, players still dip harmonicas in water for the way it affects tone and ease of bending notes. The reed plate is a grouping of several reeds in a single housing, the reeds are usually made of brass, but steel, aluminium and plastic are occasionally used. Individual reeds are usually riveted to the plate, but they may also be welded or screwed in place. Reeds fixed on the side of the reed plate respond to blowing
11.
Pump organ
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The pump organ, reed organ, harmonium, or melodeon is a type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame. The piece of metal is called a reed, the finer instruments have a unique tone, and the cabinets of those intended for churches and affluent homes were often excellent pieces of furniture. Several million free-reed organs and melodeons were made in the USA, during this time Estey Organ and Mason & Hamlin were popular manufacturers. The harmoniums design incorporates free reeds and derives from the earlier regal, a harmonium-like instrument was exhibited by Gabriel Joseph Grenié in 1810. He called it an orgue expressif, because his instrument was capable of greater expression, alexandre Debain improved Greniés instrument and gave it the name harmonium when he patented his version in 1840. There was concurrent development of similar instruments, beginning in 1885, the firm of Mason & Hamlin, of Boston made their instruments with the suction bellows, and this method of construction soon superseded all others in America. Harmoniums reached the height of their popularity in the West in the late 19th, an added attraction of the harmonium in tropical regions was that the instrument held its tune regardless of heat and humidity, unlike the piano. This export market was lucrative for manufacturers to produce harmoniums with cases impregnated with chemicals to prevent woodworm. At the peak of the instruments Western popularity around 1900, a variety of styles of harmoniums were being produced. These ranged from simple models with plain cases and only four or five stops, up to large instruments with ornate cases, up to a dozen stops, expensive harmoniums were often built to resemble pipe organs, with ranks of fake pipes attached to the top of the instrument. Small numbers of harmoniums were built with two manuals, some were even built with pedal keyboards, which required the use of an assistant to run the bellows or, for some of the later models, an electrical pump. The invention of the organ in the mid-1930s spelled the end of the harmoniums success in the West. By this time, harmoniums had reached high levels of complexity, not only through the need to provide instruments with a greater tonal range. The last mass-producer of harmoniums in North America was the Estey company, which ceased manufacture in the mid-1950s, as the existing stock of instruments aged and spare parts became hard to find, more and more were either scrapped or sold. It was not uncommon for harmoniums to be modernised by having electric blowers fitted, the majority of Western harmoniums today are in the hands of enthusiasts, though the instrument remains popular in South Asia. Modern electronic keyboards can emulate the sound of the pump organ, the acoustical effects described below are a result of the free-reed mechanism. Therefore, they are identical for the Western and Indian harmoniums. And as its vibrators also admit of a delicate and durable tuning and this arrangement was difficult to play on
12.
Sire Records
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Sire Records is an American record label that is owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Bros. The label was founded in 1966 as Sire Productions by Seymour Stein and Richard Gottehrer and its early releases, in 1968, were distributed by London Records. From the beginning, Sire introduced underground, progressive British bands to the American market, early releases included the Climax Blues Band, Barclay James Harvest, Tomorrow, Matthews Southern Comfort and proto-punks The Deviants. In the 70s, Sire released a number of albums, including the 3 volume History Of British Rock series, and diverse artists such as The Turtles, Duane Eddy. ABC Records inherited Sires distribution contract when it acquired Famous Music in 1974, the UK signing policy was vindicated when Climax Blues Band scored a Top 40 hit in 1977 with Couldnt Get It Right. Also in 1977, Stein, who had worked with the group in the 1960s, convinced the Shangri-Las to reform, but the trio was unhappy with the quality of material it recorded, and opted out of its contract, the tracks have yet to be released. Sire returned to distribution in 1977 with a new arrangement with Warner Bros. Records, and the year, Warner acquired Sire outright. In 1994, Sire switched distribution from Warner Bros. Records to sister label Elektra Records, Stein had been appointed president of Elektra Records under Elektras newly appointed CEO Sylvia Rhone. Sire later left Elektra in 1997, becoming a label, and, in 2000, Sire. This partnership dissolved in April 2003, at point the company went back to being called Sire Records. Currently, it signs newcomers like the Ready Set and Lights, although an agreement was made in September 2009 and the videos returned, users have to view the WMG videos within YouTube itself, as embedding codes for them have been disabled. Like Reprise Records, Sire does not have its own website and operates under WBR as an imprint
13.
Warner Bros. Records
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Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
14.
The Smiths
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The Smiths were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, bassist Andy Rourke, critics have called them the most important alternative rock band to emerge from the British independent music scene of the 1980s. The NME named the Smiths the most influential artist ever in a 2002 poll, four of their albums appeared on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. They have also released several compilations, and numerous non-LP singles, the Smiths had several singles reach the UK top twenty and all four of their studio albums reached the UK top five, including one which topped the charts. They won a significant following and remain cult favourites, although they had limited success outside the UK while they were still together. The band broke up in 1987 and have turned down offers to reunite. The bands focus on a guitar, bass, and drum sound, Marrs guitar-playing on his Rickenbacker often had a jangly sound reminiscent of Roger McGuinn of the Byrds. Marrs guitar-playing influenced later Manchester bands, including the Stone Roses, Morrissey and Marrs songs combined themes about ordinary people with complex, literate lyrics delivered by Morrissey with a mordant sense of humour. In 2014 and 2015, they were nominated for induction into the Rock, on 31 August 1978, Morrissey was briefly introduced to the 14-year-old Johnny Marr by mutual acquaintances Billy Duffy and Howard Bates at a Patti Smith gig held at Manchesters Apollo Theatre. According to Morrissey, We got on absolutely famously and we were very similar in drive. Conversing, the two found that they were fans of many of the same bands, the next day, Morrissey phoned Marr to confirm that he would be interested in forming a band with him. A few days later, Morrissey and Marr held their first rehearsal in Marrs rented attic room in Bowdon, the next song that they worked on was titled The Hand that Rocks the Cradle, which again was based on lyrics produced by Morrissey. Marr included a tempo which was based on the Patti Smith song Kimberly, the third track that the duo worked on was Suffer Little Children. Around the time of the formation, Morrissey decided that he would be publicly known only by his surname. In 1983 he forbade those around him using the name of Steven. After remaining with the band for rehearsals, Pomfret departed un-amicably. He was replaced by the bass player Dale Hibbert, who worked at Manchesters Decibel Studios and it was through Hibbert that the Smiths were able to record their first demo at Decibel, doing so one night in August 1982. Aided by drummer Simon Wolstencroft, whom Marr had worked with in Freak Party, meanwhile, Morrissey took the demo recording to Factory Records, but Factorys Tony Wilson wasnt interested
15.
Electronic (band)
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Electronic were an English alternative dance supergroup formed by New Order singer and guitarist Bernard Sumner and ex-Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr. The two first met in 1984 when the Smiths guitarist contributed to a Quando Quango track that Sumner was producing, later in 1988, Sumner was frustrated because his New Order bandmates were not receptive to his desire to add synth programming to their music. He decided to produce an album but found that he did not enjoy working alone. The track Lucky Bag and the name Electronic itself are two of the vestiges of this initial approach, in 1989, Pet Shop Boys singer Neil Tennant suggested a collaboration when he heard of the budding partnership through sleeve designer Mark Farrow. The fruits of this union became Getting Away with It, Electronics debut single which was released in December 1989, the drums on this record were played by ABCs David Palmer and the string arrangement was written by Anne Dudley. It was a Top 40 hit in America the following spring, after this success, Sumner and Marr took a more commercial direction, blending synthesizers, guitars and analogue technology whilst retaining the template of contemporary alternative rock. The album sold over a million copies worldwide, prominent acts that worked on Electronic songs around this period include Danny Rampling, DNA, Dave Shaw and Quando Quango founder and Haçienda DJ Mike Pickering. Electronic was resumed when these activities ended, and work began on the album in late 1994. The core duo was joined by Karl Bartos, ex-percussionist and songwriter with Kraftwerk, Raise the Pressure was released in July 1996 on the Parlophone label in the UK and Warner Bros. Like its predecessor it fused dance music with a guitar-led approach, the album spawned two guitar oriented singles, Forbidden City and For You, with the dancier Second Nature issued in February 1997 and reaching UK #35. Electronic did not promote Raise the Pressure with a tour, although they performed its singles live on shows including Top of the Pops. Instead, they chose to record their third album. This was to be a reaction to the length of time they spent producing Raise the Pressure, Marr and Sumner were joined by Doves bassist Jimi Goodwin and Black Grape drummer Ged Lynch, and together they made the album Twisted Tenderness as a more conventional four-piece group. The album did not return the group to their early nineties levels of popularity but was received by critics. Neither Sumner nor Marr has gone on record with any formal dissolution of the band despite both having moved on to other projects, however, in 2003 Marr did agree that the band had reached its natural conclusion and was happy with the way it ended on a positive note. Sumner recorded with New Order again and in 2009 formed a new band - Bad Lieutenant, Marr has since worked with many acts, including The Healers, Pet Shop Boys, The Cribs and Modest Mouse. In July 2013 Sumner joined Marr at Jodrell Bank to perform Getting Away With It, Marr was supporting for New Order, performing songs from his career. net
16.
Modest Mouse
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Modest Mouse is an American rock band formed in 1992 in Issaquah, Washington, and currently based in Portland, Oregon. The founding members are lead singer/guitarist Isaac Brock, drummer Jeremiah Green, since the bands 1996 debut album, This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About, the groups lineup has centered on Brock and Green. Judy performed on every Modest Mouse album until his departure in 2012, guitarist Johnny Marr joined the band in 2006, shortly following percussionist Joe Plummer and multi-instrumentalist Tom Peloso, to work on the album We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank. Guitarist Jim Fairchild joined the band in 2009, the bands sixth album, Strangers to Ourselves, was released on March 17,2015. It was during his years that Brock, who at the time was employed at the local family video store just outside Seattle. Brock and Judy later discovered drummer Jeremiah Green, who resided near Seattle, at a heavy metal show. In 1994, at Calvin Johnsons Dub Narcotic Studios, Modest Mouse recorded its first EP, Blue Cadet-3, which was released by K Records. This was followed by a single, Broke, recorded by Steve Wold under Sub Pop records at Moon Studios in Olympia, Washington. During this time, Modest Mouse also recorded what would have been its first album, Sad Sappy Sucker and it was not until 2001 that it was officially released. Before making their way into the pop world in 2004. After moving to Up Records at Moon Studios, Modest Mouse released two albums and other recordings including the 1996 LP This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About. Steve Wold also recorded and produced this album along with the next offering, the 1997 album, The Lonesome Crowded West served as the bands breakthrough. The Lonesome Crowded West gained the band a following, and is now popularly considered to be one of the defining albums of mid-1990s indie rock. During this time, Nick Kraft became involved with the task of refining the bands sound, prior to its release, the band had recorded the EP The Fruit That Ate Itself. In 2000, Modest Mouse released The Moon & Antarctica, its first album on Epic Records, later, the album would subsequently receive further acclaim. The band licensed Gravity Rides Everything for a Nissan Quest minivan, regarding the commercial, Brock stated, People who dont have to make their living playing music can bitch about my principles while they spend their parents money or wash dishes for some asshole. In 2001, Modest Mouse released the EP Everywhere and His Nasty Parlour Tricks, in 2002, the band joined Cake, De La Soul, the Flaming Lips, the Hackensaw Boys and Kinky on the Unlimited Sunshine Tour. In March 2003, Green left the band after suffering a breakdown, official reports stated he was leaving to work with his side project
17.
The Pretenders
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The Pretenders are an English-American rock band formed in Hereford, England, in March 1978. The original band consisted of initiator and main songwriter Chrissie Hynde, James Honeyman-Scott, Pete Farndon, Hynde launched a solo career in 2014, and the Pretenders were dormant as a band between 2012 and 2016. However, The Pretenders are once again active, having issued an album, Hynde, originally from Akron, Ohio, moved to London in 1973, working at the weekly music paper NME and at Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwoods clothes store. She was involved with early versions of the Clash and the Damned and played in short-lived bands such as Masters of the Backside, the Pretenders formed in 1978 after Dave Hill at Anchor Records heard some demos of Hyndes music. He arranged a studio in Denmark Street, where a 3-piece band consisting of Hynde, Mal Hart on bass. Dave Hill was impressed and arranged a day at Studio 51 to record another demo, although it was rough, he felt he had seen and heard enough star potential to suggest that Hynde form a more permanent band to record for his new label, Real Records. Hynde then formed a band composed of Pete Farndon on bass, James Honeyman-Scott on guitar and this band, then without a name, recorded five tracks at Regents Park Studio in July 1978, including Stop Your Sobbing. The bands first single, a cover of the Kinks song Stop Your Sobbing was released in January 1979 and gained critical attention. It was followed in June with Kid, and then in January 1980 the band got to No.1 in the UK with Brass in Pocket, which was also successful in the US, reaching No.14 on the Billboard Hot 100. Their self-titled debut album was released at the end of December 1979 and was a success in the United Kingdom, the band played at the Heatwave festival during August 1980 near Toronto. The second full-length album, Pretenders II, was released during August 1981, Pretenders II included the Extended Play singles, the MTV video success Day After Day, and popular album-radio tracks The Adultress, Birds of Paradise, Bad Boys Get Spanked, and The English Roses. On 18 September 1981 the Pretenders were the musical guest on the US late night comedy show Fridays. The band performed The Adulteress, Message of Love and Louie, Louie, Andy Kaufman was the guest host of the programme on that night. Farndons drug abuse escalated and he was fired after a meeting between Hynde, Honeyman-Scott and Chambers, on 14 June 1982, two days later, on 16 June 1982, James Honeyman-Scott died of heart failure as a result of cocaine intolerance. Farndon was in the midst of forming a new band with former Clash drummer Topper Headon, after taking heroin and passing out, Farndon drowned in his bathtub, leaving the Pretenders with two living members. The song was released in October and became their biggest success in the US, the singles B-side, My City Was Gone is now the theme music for The Rush Limbaugh Show. Hynde then set up a permanent lineup for the band, keeping Chambers and adding Robbie McIntosh on guitar. Middle of the Road was this line-ups first single, released in the US in November 1983, the US B-side,2000 Miles, was released as a single in the UK
18.
Pet Shop Boys
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Pet Shop Boys are an English electronic pop duo, formed in London in 1981 and consisting of Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe. Pet Shop Boys have sold more than 50 million records worldwide, Other hit songs include a cover of Go West, Opportunities and What Have I Done to Deserve This. in a duet with Dusty Springfield. At the 2009 Brit Awards in London, Pet Shop Boys received an award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, in 2016, Billboard magazine named Pet Shop Boys the No.1 Billboard Dance duo/group over the 40 years since the charts inception in 1976. In 2017 the duo received NMEs Godlike Genius Award, Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe met in an electronics shop on Kings Road in Chelsea, London, in August 1981. Recognising a mutual interest in music, they began to work together on material, first in Tennants flat in Chelsea and from 1982. It was during early years that several future hit songs were created, including Its a Sin, West End Girls, Rent. Their big break came in August 1983, when Tennant was assigned by Smash Hits to interview The Police in New York, the duo were obsessed with a stream of Hi-NRG records made by New York producer Bobby Orlando, simply known as Bobby O. According to Tennant, I thought, well, if Ive got to go and see The Police play, in April 1984, the Orlando-produced West End Girls was released, becoming a club hit in Los Angeles and San Francisco. On 2 November, it was voted Screamer of the Week by listeners of Long Island and it was a minor dance hit in Belgium and France, but was only available in the United Kingdom as a 12 import. In March 1985, after negotiations, Pet Shop Boys cut their contractual ties with Bobby O. Hiring manager Tom Watkins, they signed with the London-based Parlophone label, in April, Tennant left Smash Hits and in July, a new single, Opportunities, was released, reaching number 116 in the UK. The B-side to this single, In the Night, later resurfaced, in a remixed version, as the opening track to the duos first remix album, Disco. This version was used as the theme for the UK television series The Clothes Show. Unperturbed by the low position, the band returned to the studio in August to re-record West End Girls with producer Stephen Hague. Released in October 1985, this new version entered the charts at a similarly low position. It was subsequently number one in the United States, Canada, Finland, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Israel, New Zealand and Norway and it remains the most-heard Pet Shop Boys song to date. After the success of West End Girls, Pet Shop Boys released a single, Love Comes Quickly. The single reached number 19 in the UK Singles Chart and was followed by their album, Please
19.
Kirsty MacColl
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Kirsty Anna MacColl was an English singer and songwriter. She also sang on recordings produced by her husband Steve Lillywhite, at the age of 41, MacColl died after being hit by a powerboat in Mexico. Kirsty MacColl was the daughter of folk singer Ewan MacColl and dancer Jean Newlove, at the time of her birth, her father had been in a relationship with folk singer, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter Peggy Seeger since 1956, and already had a son with her. She came to notice when Chiswick Records released an EP by local rock band the Drug Addix with MacColl on backing vocals under the pseudonym Mandy Doubt. Stiff Records executives were not impressed with the band, but liked her and her debut solo single They Dont Know, released in 1979, peaked at number two on the Music Week airplay chart. However, a strike prevented copies of the single getting into record stores. MacColl recorded a single, You Caught Me Out, but felt she lacked Stiffs full backing. The single was pulled, and only a few white label promo copies of the single are known to exist, MacColl moved to Polydor Records in 1981. She had a UK number 14 hit with Theres a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears Hes Elvis, in 1983, Polydor dropped her just as she had completed recording the songs for a planned second album which used more synthesizers and had new wave-styled tracks. She returned to Stiff, where pop singles such as Terry and Hes On the Beach were unsuccessful and this included two extra verses specially written for her by Bragg. Also around this time, MacColl wrote and performed the theme song London Girls for Channel 4s short-lived sitcom Dream Stuffing, in the United States, MacColl was probably most recognisable as the writer of They Dont Know. Tracey Ullmans version reached #2 in the UK in 1983 and #8 in the United States in early 1984, MacColl also sang back-up on the track, providing the Baay-byy because it was too high a pitch for Ullman. It was played over the credits of Ullmans HBO show Tracey Takes On. in 1996. When Stiff went bankrupt in 1986, MacColl was left unable to record in her own right and she appeared in the videos Welcome to the Cheap Seats for The Wonder Stuff and Flowers for Talking Heads. MacColl also set the track sequencing for U2s acclaimed breakthrough album The Joshua Tree, MacColl re-emerged in the British charts in December 1987, reaching Number 2 with The Pogues on Fairytale of New York, a duet with Shane MacGowan. This led to her accompanying The Pogues on their British and European tour in 1988, in March 1989, MacColl sang backing vocals on the Happy Mondays Hallelujah EP. After the contract issue was resolved, MacColl returned to recording as a solo artist, the album was widely praised by critics, and featured collaborations with David Gilmour and Johnny Marr. Although Kite contained many original compositions, MacColls biggest chart success from the album was the cover of The Kinks song Days, a bonus track on the CD version of Kite was a cover of the Smiths song You Just Havent Earned It Yet, Baby
20.
Talking Heads
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Talking Heads was an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991. The band comprised David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Tina Weymouth, after a hiatus, the band hit its commercial peak in 1983 with the US Top 10 hit Burning Down the House and released the concert film Stop Making Sense, directed by Jonathan Demme. They would release more albums, including their best-selling LP Little Creatures. In 2002, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Talking Heads were also included at number 64 on VH1s list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In the 2011 update of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, David Byrne, Chris Frantz, and Tina Weymouth were alumni of the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island. There, Byrne and Frantz formed a band called The Artistics in 1973, Weymouth was Frantzs girlfriend and often provided transportation for the band. The Artistics dissolved the year, and the three moved to New York, eventually sharing a communal loft. Unable to find a player in New York City, Frantz encouraged Weymouth to learn to play bass by listening to Suzi Quatro albums. They played their first gig as Talking Heads opening for the Ramones at CBGB on June 5,1975, later that year, the trio recorded a series of demos for CBS, but the band was not signed to the label. They quickly drew a following and were signed to Sire Records in November 1976, the group released their first single in February that year, Love → Building on Fire. In March 1977, they added Jerry Harrison, formerly of Jonathan Richmans band The Modern Lovers and their first album was released soon afterwards, Talking Heads,77, which did not contain the earlier single. The album received acclaim and spawned what became the groups first charted single. The song was released to the radio just months after the killer known as the Son of Sam had been terrorizing New York City. However, it was revealed that Byrne had written the song nearly four years earlier. This recording also established the long term recording studio relationship with the famous Compass Point Studios in Nassau. Cover of Al Greens Take Me to the River broke Talking Heads into general public consciousness, Music journalist Simon Reynolds cited Fear of Music as representing the Eno-Talking Heads collaboration at its most mutually fruitful and equitable. The single Life During Wartime produced the catchphrase, This aint no party, the song refers to the Mudd Club and CBGB, two popular New York nightclubs of the time. 1980s Remain in Light was heavily influenced by the afrobeat of Nigerian bandleader Fela Kuti and it explored West African polyrhythms, weaving these together with Arabic music from North Africa, disco funk, and found voices
21.
Black Grape
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Black Grape are a rock band from England, featuring former members of Happy Mondays and Ruthless Rap Assassins. Their musical style fuses funk and electronic rock with electronic programming, the band was formed in 1993 by former Happy Mondays members Shaun Ryder and Bez. It was Ryders first musical project after the disintegration of Happy Mondays due both to his drug addictions and to disagreements about revenues with other band members. The formation of the new band was intended to draw a line between his past life and his new one, Ryder and Bez recruited rappers Paul Kermit Leveridge and Carl Psycho McCarthy, drummer Ged Lynch, and guitarist Wags and Oli Dirtycash Dillon on Ocarina. Recording of new material started that year, although the group was not under contract, in 1995 Black Grape was signed by Radioactive Records and released its debut album Its Great When Youre Straight. Yeah. The album debuted at one in the UK Albums Chart. The album was certified platinum in the UK in April 1996, the first single Reverend Black Grape managed to outsell the Happy Mondays cover of John Kongos Step On. Its Great When Youre Straight. Yeah received critical acclaim in the UK, however, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich listed it as his favourite album of 1996. The album cover featured a picture of then-recently imprisoned terrorist Carlos The Jackal, the subsequent album Stupid Stupid Stupid was less commercially successful, but was certified gold in the UK in January 1998. The group split in 1998 after Ryder fired the rest of the band touring, starting with Kermit. Lynch went on to drums and percussion on many other musical works. On 1 April 2010, Ryder briefly reformed Black Grape with producer Danny Saber, in 2015, Black Grape signed to Creation Management run by Alan McGee and Simon Fletcher and announced a reunion tour to coincide with 20 years of the Its Great When Youre Straight. Yeah album. It was released by the management label Fletcher McGee Ltd under license to BMG Rights Management,1997 - Dadi Waz a Badi The Grape Tapes Official website Allmusic reference NME report on Black Grape Reforming Black Grape Discography in Discogs
22.
The Cribs
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The Cribs are an English indie rock band originally from Wakefield, West Yorkshire. The band consists of twins Gary and Ryan Jarman and their younger brother Ross Jarman and they were subsequently joined by ex-The Smiths and Modest Mouse guitarist Johnny Marr who was made a formal member of the group in 2008. Marr would remain as part of the band until 2011, his departure was announced on 11 April through the bands website. They had outgrown this tag by the time of the success of their third LP. In 2008, Q magazine described the band as The biggest cult band in the UK, in 2012, the bands 10th anniversary year, they were honoured with the Spirit of Independence award at the annual Q Awards. Several months later, they received the Outstanding Contribution to Music award at the annual NME Awards, as of 2015, their last 3 albums have charted in the UK Top 10. The Cribs were formed in late 2001 as a project for the three brothers. They also released a split 7 single on Leeds based garage/riot grrrl/punk label Squirrel Records during this period with former Shove/Boyskout member Jen Schande, limited to 300 copies on blue vinyl the record is now a rarity that sells for upwards of $150 on eBay. According to Mojo magazine, On the strength of one demo and we went to see them at the Metro on Oxford Street and completely fell in love with them. They seemed like such a pop band. Every song sounded like a single - Mark Bowen, Wichita Recordings, after signing with Wichita Recordings, the band began re-recording many of the songs from the original demo, as well as several new tracks for what would be their debut record. I tried handclaps, they were not sure about handclaps and it was all Keep it real - Bobby Conn. Then sessions moved to Toe Rag Studios in Hackney with the band self-producing, the album was completed in 7 days, live to 8-track tape, with Ed Deegan engineering. Released on 8 March 2004, the album found early supporters in the NME, who commented on its pop melodies. Lo-fi would be a term that would follow the band around for the few years. Again, from the NME in 2011, Recorded in a week, Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq was also an early champion. What About Me was the third and final single from the album, the Cribs toured extensively throughout 2004 and into 2005, both as headliners as well as supporting artists like old friend Bobby Conn, Death Cab For Cutie and The Libertines. After concluding touring duties for the first record, the band were taken off the road to start writing the follow up
23.
John Frusciante
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John Anthony Frusciante is an American guitarist, singer, producer and composer. He is best known as the former guitarist of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, from 1988 until 1992 and he recorded five studio albums with them. Frusciante has a solo career, having released eleven solo albums and five EPs, his recordings include elements ranging from experimental rock and ambient music to new wave. In 2015, Frusciante released his debut acid house album under his alias, at the age of eighteen, he joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers, first appearing on the bands 1989 album, Mothers Milk. The groups follow-up album, Blood Sugar Sex Magik, was a breakthrough success, Frusciante became overwhelmed by the bands new popularity and quit in 1992. He became a recluse and entered a period of drug addiction, during which he released his first solo recordings, Niandra Lades and Usually Just a T-Shirt. In 1998, he successfully completed drug rehabilitation and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers and their next album, Californication would eventually go on to sell 16 million copies. His album To Record Only Water for Ten Days was made in 2001, a fourth album with the Chili Peppers, By the Way was released in 2002. On a creative spree, Frusciante released six albums in 2004. 2006 saw the release of his fifth and final album with the Chili Peppers, in 2009, Frusciante released The Empyrean, which features Flea and Josh Klinghoffer, and announced he had again parted ways with the Chili Peppers. He was ranked as number 42 in Gibsons list of the 50 Best Guitarists of All Time and he was voted The Best Guitarist of the Last 30 Years in a 2010 BBC poll called The Axe Factor. Frusciante was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers on April 14,2012 although he did not attend the ceremony, Frusciante was born in Queens, New York on March 5,1970. His father, John Sr. is a Juilliard-trained pianist, Frusciantes family moved to Tucson, Arizona, and then Florida, where his father served as a Broward County judge until October 2010. His parents separated, and he and his moved to Santa Monica. Frusciante is of Italian descent, his paternal great-grandfather Generoso Frusciante emigrated from Benevento, a year later, Frusciante and his mother moved to Mar Vista, Los Angeles with his new stepfather who, he says, really supported me and made me feel good about being an artist. Like many young people in the area, he became involved in the L. A. punk rock scene. At nine he was infatuated with the Germs, wearing out several copies of their record, by ten, he had taught himself how to play most of s songs. He has stated that he did not really know what he was doing, Frusciante began studying guitarists like Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, David Gilmour and Jimi Hendrix at eleven
24.
Morrissey
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Steven Patrick Morrissey, professionally known as Morrissey, is an English singer, songwriter and author. He rose to prominence as the singer of the indie rock band The Smiths. Since then, Morrissey has had a career, making the top ten of the UK Singles Chart on ten occasions. Born in Davyhulme, Lancashire, to a working-class Irish migrant family, as a child he developed a love of literature, kitchen sink realism and popular music. Involved in Manchesters punk rock scene during the late 1970s, he fronted The Nosebleeds, beginning a career in music journalism, he authored a number of books on music and film in the early 1980s. With Johnny Marr he established The Smiths in 1982, soon attracting national recognition for their debut album. Personal differences between Morrissey and Marr resulted in The Smiths separation in 1987, in 1988, Morrissey launched his solo career with the album Viva Hate. This and its follow-up albums – Bona Drag, Kill Uncle, Your Arsenal, in the mid-to-late 1990s, his subsequent albums, Southpaw Grammar and Maladjusted, also charted but were less well received. After a hiatus between 1998 and 2003, Morrissey released a comeback album, You Are the Quarry. Relocating to Italy, ensuing years saw the release of albums Ringleader of the Tormentors, Years of Refusal, in 2013 Morrissey released his autobiography, followed by his first novel in 2015. Highly influential, Morrissey is widely credited as being a figure in the emergence of indie rock. He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest lyricists in British history, in a 2006 poll held by the BBCs Culture Show, Morrissey was voted the second greatest living British icon. Steven Patrick Morrissey was born on 22 May 1959, at Park Hospital, Davyhulme and his parents – Elizabeth and Peter Morrissey – were working-class Irish Catholics. They had emigrated to Manchester from Dublin with his sibling, elder sister Jacqueline. They had given him the forename of Steven after the American actor Steve Cochran and his earliest home was a council house at 17 Harper Street in the Hulme area of inner Manchester. He also became aware of the sentiment in British society against Irish migrants to Britain. In 1970 the family relocated to another house at 384 Kings Road. Following an early education at St. Wilfreds Primary School, Morrissey failed his 11-plus exam, and proceeded to St. Marys Technical Modern School and he excelled at athletics, although he was an unpopular loner at the school
25.
Noel Gallagher
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Noel Thomas David Gallagher is an English musician, singer, songwriter and guitarist. He served as the lead guitarist, co-lead vocalist and principal songwriter of the English rock band Oasis, raised in Burnage, Manchester, Gallagher began learning guitar at the age of thirteen. After a series of odd jobs in construction, he worked for local Manchester band Inspiral Carpets as a roadie and technician in 1988. Whilst touring with them, he learned that his brother Liam Gallagher had formed a band of his own, known as The Rain, after Gallagher returned to England, he was invited by his brother to join Oasis as songwriter and guitarist. Oasis debut album, Definitely Maybe, marked the beginning of the rise to fame as part of the Britpop movement. Oasis second album, Morning Glory. reached the top of the charts in many countries and their third studio album, Be Here Now. Britpop eventually declined in popularity and Oasis next two failed to revive it. However, the final two albums, Dont Believe the Truth and Dig Out Your Soul, were hailed as its best efforts in over a decade. On 28 August 2009, following an altercation with Liam prior to a gig in Paris, Noel Gallagher announced his departure from Oasis and on 23 October 2009, Gallagher would go on to form Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds. Gallagher also shared a rivalry with fellow Britpop band Blur. However, he was regarded as the spear-head of the Britpop movement. Many have praised Gallaghers songwriting, with George Martin claiming him to be the finest songwriter of his generation, in 2012, he was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork – the Beatles Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life, Gallagher was born in Longsight, Manchester, the son of Irish Catholic parents Peggy and Thomas Gallagher. He was the second child, after the birth of Paul Anthony Gallagher. Soon after the birth of younger brother Liam in 1972, the Gallaghers moved to Ashburn Avenue in the Manchester suburb of Burnage and he and his brothers were often beaten by their father, who was an alcoholic, and he was often reclusive. Liam described him as the weirdo in the family, due to their unease around their father, he and Paul both developed stammers. As the oldest child, Paul was given a room to himself, Peggy Gallagher acquired a legal notice of separation from her husband in 1976. Six years later, she left him, taking the three boys with her
26.
Hans Zimmer
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Hans Florian Zimmer is a German composer and record producer. Since the 1980s, he has composed music for over 150 films, Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States. He is the head of the music division at DreamWorks studios and works with other composers through the company that he founded, Remote Control Productions. His studio in Santa Monica, California has a range of computer equipment and keyboards. Zimmers works are notable for integrating electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements and he has received four Grammy Awards, three Classical BRIT Awards, two Golden Globes, and an Academy Award. He was also named on the list of Top 100 Living Geniuses, Zimmer was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. As a young child, he lived in Königstein-Falkenstein, where he played the piano at home but had piano lessons only briefly as he disliked the discipline of formal lessons and he moved to London as a teenager, where he attended Hurtwood House school. In an interview with Mashable in February 2013, he said of his parents My mother was very musical, basically a musician and my father was an engineer and an inventor. In an interview with the German television station ZDF in 2006, he commented, My father died when I was just a child, and I escaped somehow into the music and music has been my best friend. In a speech at the 1999 Berlin Film Festival, Zimmer stated that he is Jewish, Zimmer began his career playing keyboards and synthesizers in the 1970s, with the band Krakatoa. He worked with the Buggles, a new band formed in London in 1977 with Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes. Zimmer can be seen briefly in the Buggles music video for the 1979 song Video Killed the Radio Star, after working with the Buggles, he started to work for the Italian group Krisma, a new wave band formed in 1976 with Maurizio Arcieri and Christina Moser. He was a featured synthesist for Krisma’s third album, Cathode Mamma and he has also worked with the band Helden. Both Zimmer and Cann, were invited to be part of the Spanish group Mecano for a performance in Segovia in 1984. Two songs from this concert were included in the Mecano, En Concierto album released in 1985 only in Spain, in 1985, he contributed to the Shriekback album Oil & Gold. While living in London, Zimmer wrote advertising jingles for Air-Edel Associates, in the 1980s, Zimmer partnered with Stanley Myers, a prolific film composer who wrote the scores for over sixty films. Zimmer and Myers co–founded the London–based Lillie Yard recording studio, together, Myers and Zimmer worked on fusing the traditional orchestral sound with electronic instruments. Some of the films on which Zimmer and Myers worked are Moonlighting, Success is the Best Revenge, Insignificance, Zimmers first solo score was Terminal Exposure for director Nico Mastorakis in 1987, for which he also wrote the songs
27.
The Charlatans (English band)
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The Charlatans are an English indie rock band. The bands line-up currently comprises lead vocalist Tim Burgess, guitarist Mark Collins, bassist Martin Blunt, in the UK, all of the bands twelve studio albums have charted in the Top 40 in the UK Albums Chart, three of them being number ones. They have also achieved seventeen Top 30 singles and four Top 10 hits in the UK Singles Chart, the band were originally formed in the West Midlands by bassist Martin Blunt, who recruited fellow West Midlanders Rob Collins, Jon Brookes, Jon Day and singer/guitarist Baz Ketley. Although the name The Charlatans was already being used when the members of the band were still located in the West Midlands, many sources state that they formed in Northwich. This is because the relocated to the home town of new lead singer Tim Burgess before the 1990 release of The Charlatans debut single Indian Rope. A further single Then and their debut album Some Friendly were released later that year, around this time The Charlatans were forced to add UK to their name for an American tour due to competing claims by a 1960s rock band also known as The Charlatans. Baker left the band after 1991s Over Rising single to be replaced by Mark Collins, the band brought in producer Flood for their second album Between 10th and 11th. The band suffered a major setback later that year, when Rob Collins was charged with armed robbery after a friend had robbed an off licence while he was waiting in the car outside. In court he pleaded guilty to the charge of assisting an offender after an offence. Their third album Up To Our Hips reached number 8 in the UK Albums Chart, in 1995 the release of the bands self-titled fourth album saw them become major UK stars again, topping the UK albums chart and spawning the Top 20 single Just When Youre Thinkin Things Over. Keyboard player Rob Collins was killed in a car crash on 22 July 1996, Tellin Stories was released in 1997, featuring contributions from both Rob Collins and Duffy. The group had their biggest UK hits to date in the singles One to Another, North Country Boy, after the release of the career-spanning compilation Melting Pot the bands contract with Beggars Banquet was up, and they signed to Universal Records. Us And Us Only was the start of a new era for The Charlatans, the band took on a slightly country sound, heavily influenced by Burgesss love of Bob Dylan. The soul influenced Wonderland followed in 2001, before Up At The Lake was released in 2004, the band released their ninth full-length album on 10 April 2006, their first for new label Sanctuary Records. Titled Simpatico, the reggae and dub tinged album was produced by Jim Lowe, the single charted at number 28, whilst the album reached the top 10 in its first week of release, before dropping out of the charts shortly after. Their follow-up to Simpatico was the singles compilation entitled Forever, The Singles which was released on CD. It was preceded by the re-recorded song Youre So Pretty Were So Pretty, a recording of Live At Delamere Forest was released as a five-part download for a limited time via their official website. The band contributed the song Blank Heart, Blank Mind to a Love Music, later the same month, the new single You Cross My Path was released as a free download exclusively through the XFM website
28.
Manchester
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Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council and it was historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated during the 20th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a township but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century. Manchesters unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and its fortunes declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation. The city centre was devastated in a bombing in 1996, but it led to extensive investment, in 2014, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Manchester as a beta world city, the highest-ranked British city apart from London. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the UK and it is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the worlds first inter-city passenger railway station and in the city scientists first split the atom, the name Manchester originates from the Latin name Mamucium or its variant Mancunium and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians. These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, both meanings are preserved in languages derived from Common Brittonic, mam meaning breast in Irish and mother in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English ceaster and their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Central Manchester has been settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the version of the Roman fort is visible in Castlefield. After the Roman withdrawal and Saxon conquest, the focus of settlement shifted to the confluence of the Irwell, much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North. Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral, the premises of the college house Chethams School of Music. The library, which opened in 1653 and is open to the public today, is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in 1282, around the 14th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, sometimes credited as the foundation of the regions textile industry
29.
Andy Rourke
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Andrew Michael Andy Rourke is an English musician, best known as the bassist for the Smiths, an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The band consisted of vocalist Morrissey, guitarist Johnny Marr, Rourke, Rourke received an acoustic guitar from his parents when he was seven years old. At age 11 he befriended a young John Maher with whom he shared an interest in music, the pair spent lunch breaks in school jamming and playing on their guitars. When Marr and Rourke formed a band, he invited Rourke to try on bass, at age 15 Rourke abandoned school. He passed through a series of jobs and played guitar and bass in various rock bands, as well as in the short lived funk band Freak Party. Marr later teamed up with Morrissey to form the Smiths, Rourke joined the band after its first gig, and remained through most of its existence. Rourke was briefly sacked from the band, allegedly receiving the news in a note left under the wiper of his car, Andy. In May 1986, Rourke rejoined the Smiths, just before they recorded The Queen Is Dead, Marr described Rourkes contribution to that album as something no other bass player could match. The Smiths released Strangeways, Here We Come in 1987 to critical acclaim, immediately after the break-up, Rourke and Smiths drummer Mike Joyce played with Sinéad OConnor – Rourke appears on the album I Do Not Want What I Havent Got. Along with Craig Gannon, they provided the rhythm section for two singles by former Smiths singer Morrissey – Interesting Drug and The Last of the Famous International Playboys. Rourke also played bass on Morrisseys November Spawned a Monster and Piccadilly Palare and composed the music for Morrisseys songs Yes, I Am Blind, Girl Least Likely To, and Get Off the Stage. Rourke has also played and recorded with the Pretenders, Killing Joke, Badly Drawn Boy, Aziz Ibrahim, and ex-Oasis guitarist Bonehead as Moondog One, Rourke also played bass for Ian Brown, both on tour and on Browns album The World Is Yours. In March 1996, Rourke and Mike Joyce started legal proceedings against Morrissey, while Joyce continued with the action, Rourke settled out of court for £83,000. Having spent the settlement Rourke later found himself being declared bankrupt following a petition of the Inland Revenue on 25 January 1999, the initiative was prompted when Rehmans father and sister were diagnosed with the disease. The first Manchester v Cancer concert took place in January 2006 and it featured a reunion between Rourke and his former Smiths bandmate Johnny Marr, who performed one song together. The second Manchester v Cancer concert took place in March 2007, Rourke performed with former Oasis guitarist Boneheads band Elektrik Milk. Rourke was less involved in organising the concert in February 2008 or the fourth in December 2009. Rourke formed Freebass with bass players Mani and Peter Hook in 2007, early in 2009, he moved to New York City, where he has a programme on East Village Radio and works as a club DJ with Olé Koretsky under the name Jetlag
30.
The Messenger (Johnny Marr album)
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The Messenger is the debut solo album by English musician Johnny Marr, formerly of the Smiths. It was released on 25 February 2013 in the UK through Warner Music Artist & Label Services / Warner Bros, Records, and on 26 February in the US through Sire Records. All tracks written by Johnny Marr, new Town Velocity was later also released as a single on iTunes and 7, along with the new B-side The It-Switch. Videos were made for both of these singles, as well as the title track
31.
Playland (album)
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Playland is the second studio album by English musician Johnny Marr. It was released on 6 October 2014 by New Voodoo Records, Playland was supported by the single Easy Money. The album debuted at number 9 on the UK Albums Chart, in an August 2014, interview with Rolling Stone, Marr spoke about the album, saying, I always liked bands second albums. I like the Talking Heads second album a lot, and I liked Buzzcocks second album. I couldnt wait to get the record from my favorite new band. He continued, I just wanted to take the energy of the band I was touring with, I kept on writing as soon as The Messenger came out. I wrote a few songs on the road and kicked them around in soundcheck, I didnt want to change up what I was doing, I just wanted it to be more of it. He also spoke about the lead single Easy Money, saying, I like the idea of sneaking a serious concern into the mainstream. The riff was so catchy and infectious that I wanted it to be something that appeared to be trite but was actually quite universal. Money is a preoccupation of everybody, and it took me quite a time to write something that appeared to be simple. If you were to ask anybody in the City what theyre after and its the age-old thing of people thinking that it will make us happy. Playland received generally positive reviews music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 70. As long as he keeps delivering the goods with the verve and finesse as he’s proven capable of here. Marc Burrows of Drowned in Sound stated, The problem here is not a lack of talent. They work well, but there’s just not enough to go around, stretching four or five strong ideas over 11 songs. All this means that Playland is superficially more pop with all its style and flair, jason Heller of Pitchfork Media stated, A lack of effort isn’t the main problem with Playland, if anything, there’s been too much effort put into it. It’s been fussed over so much that any spark that may have spurred it has been smothered, said, On his second solo album, Playland, Marr sounds more technically adept than ever
32.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
33.
Mojo (magazine)
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Mojo is a popular music magazine published initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. Following the success of the magazine Q, publishers Emap were looking for a title that would cater for the burgeoning interest in rock music. Mojo was first published on 15 October 1993, in keeping with its classic rock aesthetic, noted for its in-depth coverage of both popular and cult acts, it acted as the inspiration for Blender and Uncut. Many noted music critics have written for it including Charles Shaar Murray, Greil Marcus, Nick Kent, the launch editor of Mojo was Paul Du Noyer and his successors have included Mat Snow, Paul Trynka and Pat Gilbert. While some criticise it for its frequent coverage of rock acts such as the Beatles and Bob Dylan, it has nevertheless featured many newer. It was the first mainstream magazine in the UK to focus on the White Stripes, Mojo regularly includes a covermount CD that ties in with a current magazine article or theme. In 2004 it introduced the Mojo Honours list, a ceremony that is a mixture of readers. Two hundred photographers and writers from Mojo and Bauers other music magazines, more recently, the magazine has taken to publishing many Top 100 lists, including the subjects of drug songs, rock epics, protest songs and even the most miserable songs of all time. To celebrate 150 issues, the published an Top 100 Albums of Mojos Lifetime list. The list was compiled and voted on by a panel of superstars, including Björk, Tori Amos, Tom Waits, Brian Wilson, Pete Wentz. Little Richards 1955 hit Tutti Frutti took the one spot. Richards record, dubbed a torrent of filth wailed by an alien, beat the Beatles I Want to Hold Your Hand. The magazines editors claimed that the 100 albums, singles and 78s that made up the list make up the most influential and inspirational recordings ever made. Hailing Tutti Frutti as the sound of the birth of rock n roll, three of the most successful were the series telling the story of the Beatles – one thousand days at a time. Other special editions have focused on Pink Floyd, Psychedelia, Punk, the company behind the magazine, Bauer, also produced a digital radio station. This station was called Mojo Radio, and was transmitted on the television networks in the UK. The output of the station was based on that of the magazine and it was announced on 5 November 2008 that Mojo Radio would cease broadcasting on 30 November 2008 in order to save Bauer the financial outlay. The magazines current editor-in-chief, Phil Alexander, has a show on the UK digital radio station Planet Rock entitled Mojo Rocks where he follows a Mojo-inspired playlist
34.
NME
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
35.
Athy
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Athy is a market town at the meeting of the River Barrow and the Grand Canal in south-west County Kildare, Ireland,72 kilometres southwest of Dublin. A population of 10,490 makes it the sixth largest town in Kildare, from the first official records in 1813 until 1891 and again in 1926–46 and 1951–61 Athy was the largest town in Kildare. In 1837 the population was 4,494 and it has recently entered the news because of a suspect device found by a member of the public on 15 November 2016. Athy or Baile Átha Í is named after a 2nd-century chieftain, Ae, the earliest maps show development on the river Barrow i the area, Ptolemys map of Ireland circa 150AD clearly names the Rheban district as Rheba. The town developed from a 12th-century Anglo-Norman settlement to an important stronghold on the estates of the FitzGerald earls of Kildare. The town was bombarded by cannon fire many times and the Dominican Monastery, the local castles, the current bridge, the Crom-a-Boo Bridge, was built in 1796. The first town charter dates from 1515 and the hall was constructed in the early 18th century. The completion of the Grand Canal in 1791, linking here with the River Barrow, from early on in its history Athy was a garrison town loyal to the Crown. English garrisons stayed in the barracks in Barrack Lane after the Crimean War, home for centuries to English soldiers, Athy gave more volunteer soldiers to the Great War of 1914–18 than any other of similar sized town in Ireland. Athy has evolved as a centre for Hiberno-English, the mix of the Irish and English language traditions, a dialect starting with old Irish beginnings, evolved through Norman and English influences, dominated by a church whose first language was Latin and educated through Irish. Athy in particular was a pot of languages that led to modern Hiberno-English. Many locals words borrow from the Irish tradition, such as bokety, fooster or sleeveen, while words like kip and this tradition of spoken word led to a lyrical approach to composition and perhaps explains the disproportionate number of writers Athy has produced. Athy becomes subject and object of creative endeavours – the traditional folk song, other songs in this tradition include Lanigans Ball and Maid of Athy. Another song of note from the area is called The Curragh Of Kildare, Athy is referenced by Patrick Kavanagh in his poem Lines Written on a Seat on the Grand Canal, Dublin, And look. A barge comes bringing from Athy/And other far-flung towns mythologies, on Thursday,2 July 1903 the Gordon Bennett Cup ran through Athy. It was the first international race to be held in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The editor of the Dublin Motor News, Richard J, local laws had to be adjusted, ergo the Light Locomotives Bill was passed on 27 March 1903. Eventually Kildare was chosen, partly on the grounds that the straightness of the roads would be a safety benefit, the route consisted of two loops that comprised a figure of eight
36.
Wythenshawe
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Wythenshawe is an area of south Manchester, England. Historically in Cheshire, in 1931 Wythenshawe was transferred to the City of Manchester, with an area of approximately 11 square miles, at one time Wythenshawe was the largest council housing estate in Europe, although private home ownership in the area has grown. The district comprises nine areas, Baguley, Benchill, Peel Hall, Newall Green, Woodhouse Park, Moss Nook, Northern Moor, Northenden, the name of Wythenshawe seems to come from the Old English wiðign = withy tree and sceaga = wood. The three ancient townships of Northenden, Baguley, and Northen Etchells formally became the present-day Wythenshawe when they were merged with Manchester in 1931, until then, the name had referred only to Wythenshawe Hall and its grounds. For many centuries the Tatton family owned Wythenshawe Hall and much land in what is now Wythenshawe, Manchester Corporation, which was in desperate need of land to house the citys rapidly increasing population, pressured Mr Tatton to part with the land in 1926. What was once farmland was transformed into one of the largest housing estates in Europe, due to spending cuts the hall was temporarily closed to the public in 2010. One proposition was that Manchester City Council could sell the building to the National Trust, a Friends Group was formed to support monthly open days and events at the hall. In March 2016 the roof of the hall and a floor were severely damaged by a fire, in an arson attack. Immediately south of Wythenshawe is Manchester Airport, formerly called Ringway Airport, before the Ringway Airport was laid out, three farm fields between Rackhouse Road and Wythenshawe Road in what is now the north edge of Wythenshawe were used as Manchester Aerodrome. This was the UKs first municipal airfield, and operated between April 1929 and early 1930, a barn was converted to act as the hangar and a farmhouse as the administration building. The last recorded flight from Wythenshawe Airport took place on 19 June 1930, Wythenshawe is Manchesters largest district, a massive housing estate that was started in the 1920s intended as a garden city where people could be rehoused away from industrial Manchester. Part of Benchill and some areas in the north were built before World War II, the rest was built after the Second World War, starting in the late 1940s as wartime building restrictions were relaxed. Parts of Baguley were still semi-rural in the 1960s, but now there is little open country left. The estate was initially without many shops, amenities or services. Although Northenden already had an area on Palatine Road, the earliest new shops were built in the 1930s and included parades on Hollyhedge Road. However, it took decades for some areas of Wythenshawe to get their own neighbourhood shops, various residents associations were set up to address these problems, but progress was very slow. Wythenshawe gradually acquired all the amenities and facilities that the planners had neglected to include with the building of several new schools, shops, pubs. The area also got its own hospital, and Wythenshawe Hospital grew out of the earlier Baguley Hospital after the Second World War in 1948
37.
Nottingham Forest F.C.
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Nottingham Forest Football Club is a professional association football club based in Nottinghamshire, England. The team play in the Championship, the tier of English football. The club, often referred to as Forest, have played matches at the City Ground since 1898. Founded in 1865, Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889, since then, they have mostly competed in the top two League tiers, bar five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959, Forest were founded in 1865 as Nottingham Forest Football and Bandy Club by a group of shinty players shortly after their neighbours Notts County, in 1862. They joined the Football Alliance in 1889, and won the competition in 1892, in their early years Forest were a multi-sports club, as well as their roots in bandy and shinty, the baseball club Forest deployed were British champions in 1899. Forests charitable approach to the sport helped teams like Liverpool, Arsenal, in 1886, Forest donated a set of football kits to help Arsenal establish themselves – the North London team still wear red. Forest also donated shirts to Everton and helped secure a site to play on for Brighton, Forest claimed their first major honour when they won the 1898 FA Cup, beating Derby County 3–1 at Crystal Palace. However, for much of the first half of the 20th century the club spent life in the Second Division and had to seek re-election in 1914 after finishing bottom. In 1949 the club were relegated to the Third Division, but were promoted back two years later as champions having scored a record 110 goals in the 1950–51 season. They therefore became the first team to defeat the Wembley hoodoo, by this time Forest had replaced Notts County as the biggest club in Nottingham and went on to become runners-up in the First Division and FA Cup semi-finalists in 1967. However, after a successful period for the club, Forest were relegated from the First Division in 1972. Clough became the most successful manager in the history of Nottingham Forest, cloughs first game in charge was the third round FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur, a 1–0 victory thanks to a goal by Scottish centre-forward Neil Martin. Nottingham Forest became one of the few teams to win the First Division Championship a year after winning promotion from the Second Division and they also won the European Super Cup and two League Cups. The club reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1983–84 but were knocked out by Anderlecht in controversial but uncertain circumstances. The case was dismissed and Anderlecht was acquitted from all charges Nottingham Forests next major trophies came in 1989 when they won the Football League Cup. Cloughs side retained the League Cup in 1990 when they beat Oldham Athletic 1–0, in Forests team that day was young Irish midfielder Roy Keane, who had joined the club the previous summer. In the summer of 1991, Brian Clough broke Forests transfer record fee by signing the top scorer, Millwall striker Teddy Sheringham
38.
Manchester City F.C.
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Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester, England. Founded in 1880 as St. Marks, they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887, the club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, the club went through a period of decline, having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s, the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world. Since 2011 the club have won five major honours, including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014, by 2014–15, Manchester City had the sixth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of €463.5 million. In 2016, Forbes magazine estimated they were the sixth most valuable football club. City gained their first honours by winning the Second Division in 1899, with it promotion to the highest level in English football. A fire at Hyde Road destroyed the main stand in 1920, in the 1930s, Manchester City reached two consecutive FA Cup finals, losing to Everton in 1933, before claiming the Cup by beating Portsmouth in 1934. The club won the First Division title for the first time in 1937, after relegation to the Second Division in 1963, the future looked bleak with a record low home attendance of 8,015 against Swindon Town in January 1965. In the summer of 1965, the management team of Joe Mercer, in the first season under Mercer, City won the Second Division title and made important signings in Mike Summerbee and Colin Bell. Further trophies followed, City won the FA Cup in 1969, before achieving European success by winning the European Cup Winners Cup in 1970, beating Górnik Zabrze 2–1 in Vienna. City also won the League Cup that season, becoming the second English team to win a European trophy, the club continued to challenge for honours throughout the 1970s, finishing one point behind the league champions on two occasions and reaching the final of the 1974 League Cup. Former United player Denis Law scored with a backheel to give City a 1–0 win at Old Trafford, the final trophy of the clubs most successful period was won in 1976, when Newcastle United were beaten 2–1 in the League Cup final. A long period of decline followed the success of the 1960s and 1970s, Malcolm Allison rejoined the club to become manager for the second time in 1979, but squandered large sums of money on unsuccessful signings, such as Steve Daley. A succession of managers then followed – seven in the 1980s alone, under John Bond, City reached the 1981 FA Cup final but lost in a replay to Tottenham Hotspur. The club were relegated from the top flight in the 1980s. However, this was only a respite, and following Reids departure Manchester Citys fortunes continued to fade. City were co-founders of the Premier League upon its creation in 1992, after two seasons in Division One, City fell to the lowest point in their history, becoming the second ever European trophy winners to be relegated to their countrys third league tier, after 1. After relegation, the club underwent off-the-field upheaval, with new chairman David Bernstein introducing greater fiscal discipline, under manager Joe Royle, City were promoted at the first attempt, achieved in dramatic fashion in a play-off against Gillingham
39.
The Cult
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The Cult are a British rock band formed in 1983. Before settling on their current name in January 1984, the band performed under the name Death Cult, according to music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the band fuse a heavy metal revivalist sound with the pseudo-mysticism. of The Doors the guitar-orchestrations of Led Zeppelin. While adding touches of post-punk goth rock, after moving to London, the band released their second album Love in 1985, which charted at No.4 in the UK and included singles such as She Sells Sanctuary and Rain. On their third album, Electric, the band supplemented their post-punk sound with hard rock and their fourth album, Sonic Temple, proceeded in a similar vein, and these two albums enabled them to break into the North American market. By the early 1990s, The Cult were fraying behind the scenes due to alcohol abuse, the band reunited in 1999 and recorded the album Beyond Good and Evil, and they reissued all of their albums in Asia and Eastern Europe in 2003 and Japan in 2004. In 2006, the band reformed again to perform a series of worldwide tours. In October 2007, the released the album Born into This on Roadrunner Records. In July 2009, Astbury announced that The Cult would not record any studio albums, focusing on EPs. However, the band have released two more studio albums, Choice of Weapon and Hidden City. The bands origins can be traced to 1981, in Bradford, Yorkshire, Astbury was joined by Buzz Burrows, Barry Jepson and Aki Nawaz Qureshi, they performed their first show at the Queens Hall in their hometown of Bradford on 29 October 1981. The band were at the forefront of a style of music, in the form of post-punk and gothic rock, they achieved critical acclaim from the press. The band signed to independent record label Situation Two, an offshoot of Beggars Banquet Records and they toured through England headlining some shows and touring with Bauhaus and Theatre of Hate. The band played their final performance in Manchester during February 1983, in April 1983, Astbury teamed up with guitarist Billy Duffy and formed the band Death Cult. Duffy had been in the Nosebleeds, Lonesome No More and then Theatre of Hate, in addition to Astbury and Duffy, the band also included Jamie Stewart and Raymond Taylor Smith, both from the Harrow, London based post-punk band, Ritual. Death Cult made their debut in Oslo, Norway on 25 July 1983 and also released the Death Cult EP in the same month, then toured through mainland Europe. In September 1983, Mondo was deported to his country of Sierra Leone and replaced by Nigel Preston. The single Gods Zoo was released in October 1983, another European tour, with UK dates, followed that autumn. To tone down their names gothic connotations and gain broader appeal, the Cults first studio record, Dreamtime, was recorded at Rockfield Studios, in Monmouth, Wales in 1984
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Billy Duffy
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William Henry Billy Duffy is an English guitarist and songwriter, He is most well known as a guitarist for The Cult. He grew up in Manchester, where he began playing guitar at the age of fourteen, Duffy got his start playing in different punk line-ups in the late 1970s, including Studio Sweethearts with former members of Slaughter & the Dogs and Eater. But these earlier years were notable for his introducing Johnny Marr to the guitar. Following the break up of Studio Sweethearts, Duffy moved to London, working for a time at Johnsons, Duffy eventually settled as guitarist for the moodier and more arty Theatre of Hate. He eventually met Ian Astbury who was impressed with Duffys playing, together, they exploited the Southern Death Cults success by calling themselves Death Cult. Despite some initial fanfare and a couple of singles, the band chose to shed the name in 1984 in favor of the shortened The Cult, as less artistically limiting. As early as The Cults debut single Spiritwalker, Duffy began establishing a distinctive flanged sound with a choice of guitar. Duffy helped change The Cults sound into metal-blues for their third album, Duffy moved to Los Angeles in 1988 with Astbury, where both remain. There, the two writing partners turned to rock and recorded Sonic Temple. The Cult reached a larger, mainstream audience, but the attention could not be sustained with their next album, Ceremony. Following the Ceremonial Stomp tour of 1992, Astbury pressured Duffy to return to their roots and this would ultimately lead to Astburys departure from Duffy and The Cult in 1995. During The Cults four-year hiatus, Duffy played with Mike Peters of The Alarm in a project called Coloursound, Duffy plays on the title track from Japanese musician Js 1997 debut album, Pyromania. Duffy reformed The Cult with Astbury in 1999, which led to a new recording contract with Atlantic Records. This was capped off by a show at Atlantas Music Midtown Festival in May 2001, where over 60,000 people watched them perform, leading up to the release of Beyond Good and Evil. Their single to promote it, Rise, which reached No.125 in the US, disappointing sales, reviews, and tour attendance ensued. In 2002 Astbury sent The Cult onto a hiatus once more, the Cult reformed in early 2006 and after playing several US concerts toured Europe. Duffy appeared in Ethan Dettenmaiers film, Sin-Jin Smyth, which was filmed in 2006, in early 2006 Duffy recorded a debut album with his new band, Circus Diablo. The album was recorded with Duffy playing lead guitar and former Cult touring bass player Billy Morrison handling lead vocals, former The Almighty frontman, Ricky Warwick, played rhythm guitar on the CD
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Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II
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The Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the 25th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth IIs accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. The anniversary date itself was commemorated in church services across the land on 6 February 1977, in March, preparations started for large parties in every major city of the United Kingdom, as well as for smaller ones for countless individual streets throughout the country. No monarch before Queen Elizabeth II had visited more of the United Kingdom in such a span of time. All in all, the Queen and her husband Prince Philip visited a total of 36 counties, the trip started with record crowds gathering to see the Queen and Prince Philip in Glasgow, Scotland, on 17 May. After moving to England and Wales, the Queen and Prince Philip wrapped up the first of their trips with a visit to Northern Ireland, among the places visited during the national trips were numerous schools, which were the subject of a television special hosted by presenter Valerie Singleton. The final stop on the tour was a trip to Canada. On 6 June, the Queen lit a bonfire beacon at Windsor Castle, the service was followed by lunch in the Guildhall, hosted by the Lord Mayor of the City of London Peter Vanneck. A further 500 million people around the Commonwealth watched the events on live television. On 7 June, streets and villages threw elaborate parties for all their residents, in addition to parties, many streets decorated motor vehicles as historical events from Britains past, and drove them about town, organising their very own parades. In London alone there were over 4000 organised parties for individual streets, throughout the entire day, onlookers were greeted by the Queen many times as she made several appearances for pictures from the balcony of Buckingham Palace. On 9 June, the Queen made a Royal Progress trip via boat down the River Thames from Greenwich to Lambeth, on the trip, the Queen officially opened the Silver Jubilee Walkway and the South Bank Jubilee Gardens, two of numerous places named after the festivities. In the evening, she presided over a display and was taken subsequently by a procession of lighted carriages to Buckingham Palace. Before, during, and after the events of Jubilee, the event was addressed in many media of popular culture throughout the Commonwealth, the most infamous event marking the Jubilee was the Sex Pistols release of the vehement anti-monarchy song God Save the Queen. The event, a mockery of the Queens river procession planned for two later, ended in chaos. Police launches forced the boat to dock, and constabulary surrounded the gangplanks at the pier, while the band members and their equipment were hustled down a side stairwell, McLaren, Vivenne Westwood, and many of the bands entourage were arrested. With the official UK record chart for Jubilee week about to be released, as it turned out, the record placed second, behind a Rod Stewart single in its fourth week at the top. Many believed that the record had actually qualified for the top spot, McLaren later claimed that CBS Records, which was distributing both singles, told him that the Sex Pistols were actually outselling Stewart two to one. The soap opera Coronation Street wrote an elaborate Jubilee parade into the storyline, ken Barlow and Uncle Albert played Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing respectively
