1.
Beaumont, Texas
–
Beaumont is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Texas in the United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Beaumont was founded as a town in 1835 by Northerners, the early European-American settlement had an economy based on the development of lumber, farming, and port industries. Rice became an important commodity crop in Texas, and is now cultivated in 23 counties, a big change occurred in 1901 with the Spindletop gusher, which demonstrated the potential of the huge oil field. With Spindletop, several companies developed in Beaumont, and some continue. The area rapidly developed as one of the major petro-chemical refining areas in the country, along with Port Arthur and Orange, Beaumont forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the Texas Gulf Coast. Beaumont is home of Lamar University, a national Carnegie Doctoral Research university with 14,966 students, including undergraduates and post graduates. Over the years, several corporations have been based in this city, gSUs Edison Plaza headquarters is still the tallest building in Beaumont. In 1824 Noah and Nancy Tevis settled on the west bank of the Neches River, soon after that, a small community grew up around the farm, which was named Tevis Bluff or Neches River Settlement. They began planning a town to be out on this land. Their partnership, J. P. Pulsifer and Company, controlled the first 50 acres upon which the town was founded and this town was named Beaumont, after Jefferson Beaumont, the brother-in-law of Henry Millard. They added more property for a total of 200 acres, Beaumont became a town on 16 December 1838. Beaumonts first mayor was Alexander Calder, from the towns founding in 1835, business activities included real estate, transportation, and retail sales. Later, other businesses were formed, especially in construction and operation, new building construction, lumber sales. The Port of Beaumont became a regional shipping center. Beaumont was a center for cattle raisers and farmers in its early years. With an active riverport by the 1880s, it became an important lumber and it exported rice as a commodity crop. The Beaumont Rice Mill, founded in 1892 by Joseph Eloi Broussard, was the first commercially successful rice mill in Texas, in addition, Broussard founded a company to operate an irrigation system to support rice culture. This helped stimulate the expansion of cultivation from 1500 acres in 1892 to 400,000 acres in 23 counties by his death in 1956
2.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Switzerland
–
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of 41,285 km2. The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The country has a history of armed neutrality going back to the Reformation, it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815, nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to international organisations. On the European level, it is a member of the European Free Trade Association. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral treaties, spanning the intersection of Germanic and Romance Europe, Switzerland comprises four main linguistic and cultural regions, German, French, Italian and Romansh. Due to its diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names, Schweiz, Suisse, Svizzera. On coins and stamps, Latin is used instead of the four living languages, Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product according to the IMF. Zürich and Geneva have each been ranked among the top cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with the former ranked second globally, according to Mercer. The English name Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, a term for the Swiss. The English adjective Swiss is a loan from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, the Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for Confederates, Eidgenossen, used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica. The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, ultimately related to swedan ‘to burn’
4.
Blues
–
Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
5.
Blues rock
–
Blues rock is a fusion genre combining elements of blues and rock. It is mostly an electric ensemble-style music with similar to electric blues. From its beginnings in the early- to mid-1960s, blues rock has gone through several stylistic shifts and along the way inspired hard rock, Southern rock, Blues rock continues to be an influence, with performances and recordings by several popular artists. Blues rock started with rock musicians in the United Kingdom and the United States performing American blues songs. They typically recreated electric Chicago-style blues songs, such as those by Muddy Waters, Jimmy Reed, Howlin Wolf, and Albert King, at faster tempos and with a more aggressive sound common to rock. In the UK, the style was popularized by such as the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, and the Animals. In the US, Lonnie Mack, the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, in the US, Johnny Winter, the Allman Brothers Band, and ZZ Top represented a hard rock trend. Although around this time, AllMusic commented, the lines between rock and hard rock were barely visible, there was a return to more blues-influenced styles. Groups, such as the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and the White Stripes, brought an edgier, more diverse style into the 2000s, Blues rock bands borrow the idea of an instrumental combo and loud amplification from rock & roll. It is also played at a fast tempo, again distinguishing it from the blues. The core blues rock sound is created by the guitar, bass guitar. Often bands also included a harmonica, usually called a harp, the electric guitar is usually amplified through a tube guitar amplifier or using an overdrive effect. While 1950s-era blues bands would still use the upright bass, the blues rock bands of the 1960s used the electric bass. Keyboard instruments, such as the piano and Hammond organ, are occasionally used. As with the guitar, the sound of the Hammond organ is typically amplified with a tube amplifier. Vocals also typically play a key role, although the vocals may be equal in importance or even subordinate to the guitar playing. As well, a number of rock pieces are instrumental-only. Blues-rock pieces often follow typical blues structures, such as blues, sixteen-bar blues
6.
Rock and roll
–
While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
7.
Texas blues
–
Texas blues is a style of blues music. It usually has more jazz- or swing-influences than other blues styles, Texas blues began to appear in the early 1900s among African Americans who worked in oilfields, ranches and lumber camps. During the Great Depression in the 1930s, many moved to cities including Galveston, Houston. It was from these urban centers that a new wave of performers appeared, including slide guitarist. Future bluesmen, such as, Lightnin Hopkins, Lil Son Jackson, T-Bone Walker relocated to Los Angeles to record his most influential work in the 1940s. His swing-influenced backing and lead guitar became an influential part of the electric blues. It was T-Bone Walker, B. B. King once said, I can still hear T-Bone in my mind today, from that first record I heard, ‘Stormy Monday. ’ He was the first electric guitar player I heard on record. He made me so that I knew I just had to go out and get an electric guitar. ”He also influenced Goree Carter, whose Rock Awhile featured an electric guitar style and has been cited as a strong contender for the first rock. Freddie King, an influence on electric blues, was born in Texas. His instrumental number Hide Away, was emulated by British blues artists including Eric Clapton, in the late 1960s and early 1970s the Texas electric blues scene began to flourish, influenced by country music and blues rock, particularly in the clubs of Austin. The diverse style often featured instruments such as keyboards and horns with emphasis on guitar soloing, the most prominent artists to emerge in this era were the brothers Johnny and Edgar Winter, who combined traditional and southern styles. Clarence Gatemouth Brown Goree Carter Gary Clark, Jr
8.
Columbia Records
–
Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
9.
Edgar Winter
–
Edgar Holland Winter is an American rock and blues musician. He is known for being a multi-instrumentalist — keyboardist, guitarist, saxophonist and percussionist — as well as a singer and his success peaked in the 1970s with his band, The Edgar Winter Group, and their popular songs Frankenstein and Free Ride. Winter was born to John Winter II and Edwina Winter on December 28,1946, in Beaumont, both he and his older brother Johnny were born with albinism, and both were required to take special education classes in high school. Winter states, In school I had a lot of friends, I wore a lot of white shirts to, like, blend in I guess. No one really gave me a time about being albino or taking special education classes. Then again, I wasnt really popular, by the time Edgar Winter left his hometown of Beaumont, Texas in the 1960s, he was already a proficient musician. Winters music encompasses different genres, including rock, jazz, blues. From his critically acclaimed 1970 debut release, Entrance, he has demonstrated his unique style and ability to cross the genre lines and his early recording of Tobacco Road propelled him into the national spotlight. Edgar followed Entrance with two hit albums backed by his group White Trash, a group composed of musicians from Texas. In late 1972, Winter brought together Dan Hartman, Ronnie Montrose and Chuck Ruff to form The Edgar Winter Group, who created such hits as the number one Frankenstein and Free Ride. Released in November 1972, They Only Come Out at Night peaked at the number 3 position on the Billboard Hot 200 and it was certified gold in April 1973 by the RIAA. and double platinum in November 1986. Winter invented the keyboard body strap early in his career, an innovation that allows him the freedom to move around on stage during his multi-instrument high-energy performances, after They Only Come Out at Night, Winter released Shock Treatment, featuring guitarist Rick Derringer in place of Ronnie Montrose. That album contained Winters third and final Top 40 single Rivers Risin, again sung by Hartman, major national television and radio campaigns have used Winters music to advertise their products. He has appeared in the film Netherworld, and the TV shows The Cape, Mysterious Ways, David Letterman, Winters song Dying to Live is featured as Runnin in the film Tupac Resurrection, the biography on the life of rapper Tupac Shakur. Produced by Eminem, the song includes vocals by the Notorious B. I. G, Runnin was on numerous Billboard charts. It peaked at number 5 on the Hot R&B/Hip Hop Singles Sales chart, blues performer Jonny Lang also covered Dying to Live around this time. Winter performed the solo at the piano on Jimmy Kimmel Live. Winters CD and DVD, titled, Live at the Galaxy was recorded live at the Galaxy Theatre for Classic Pictures in 2003
10.
Tommy Shannon
–
Tommy Shannon is an American bass guitarist, who is best known as a member of Double Trouble, a blues rock band led by Stevie Ray Vaughan. Born in Tucson, Arizona, Shannon moved to Dumas, Texas when he was nine and he appeared with Johnny Winter at Woodstock in 1969. He later joined Double Trouble in 1981 and became a permanent member of Double Trouble until Vaughans death in 1990, Shannon and bandmate Chris Layton later formed supergroups such as the Arc Angels and Storyville. Shannon was born in Tucson, Arizona, and moved to the Texas Panhandle when he was nine and he grew up mainly in Dumas, Texas, north of Amarillo on Highway 287. Shannon joined his first band, The Avengers, around age 13, the band members were Shannon, Tim Easley, Jim Love and David Davis. It would be a while before they realized the importance of the bass guitar and their first gig paid them $80. That excited them so much, they gave half their paycheck back, in high school Shannon was in the band Ekos. Soon after high school he moved to Dallas and joined a cover band in 1966, initially called The New Breed. Shannon recorded two 45s with this band, which featured Tim Easly on vocals and Uncle John Turner on drums, Shannon had the first of two important meetings at The Fog in Dallas in the late 1960s. There he first saw Johnny Winter, Shannon ended up backing Winter, and they formed a project known as The Progressive Blues Experiment in 1968. They cut one album for Sonobeat Records titled The Progressive Blues Experiment before being signed to Columbia Records by Clive Davis for $600,000 in 1969, Shannon appeared on both of these Columbia LPs, each released 1969, Johnny Winter, and Second Winter. At Woodstock, Johnnys brother Edgar joined them onstage, Johnny Winter ended up moving to a band featuring Rick Derringer in early 1970 that already had a rhythm section, and there was no room for Shannon or Turner. According to Tommys website, Stevie Ray Vaughan, known as Skeeter, was part of band in its later Austin incarnation. Krakerjack apparently remained a group from 1970 to 1971, during the 1970s, Shannon became involved with drugs, and began a cycle of jail, probation and rehab that would last for some time. He played with the Austin band The Fools briefly, Shannon became a bricklayer for a few years until he was eventually able to return to music in 1977. He played in a few bands, then received a call from Rocky Hill. He moved to Houston to play with Hill and Uncle John, Shannon also toured, opening for Bachman–Turner Overdrive and for KISS at the Warehouse in New Orleans. Shannon moved between Dallas and Austin, and saw Stevie Ray Vaughan at The Fog with Vaughans group Blackbird
11.
Rick Derringer
–
Rick Derringer is an American guitarist, vocalist, Grammy Award-winning producer and entertainer. He came to prominence in the 1960s as a member of The McCoys and he then turned to blues rock, scoring a 1974 hit with Rock and Roll, Hoochie Koo. He has worked extensively with brothers Edgar and Johnny Winter, and he also worked with Weird Al Yankovic, producing Yankovics Grammy Award-winning songs Eat It and Fat, and with the World Wrestling Federation, penning entrance songs for Hulk Hogan and Demolition. Derringer was born in Fort Recovery, Ohio, the son of Janice Lavine and John J. Zehringer and he started a band in Ohio initially known as The Rick Z Combo, and later known as Rick and the Raiders. In the summer of 1965, when Derringer was 17, he recorded vocals over an already-recorded backing track provided by The Strangeloves for the song Hang on Sloopy. It was released under the band name The McCoys, to avoid confusion with another band of the era, Paul Revere. It became the one song in America for a week, Yesterday by The Beatles knocked it out of the top spot. The single was issued by Bang Records, Derringer adopted his stage name at this time, inspired by the Bang Records logo which featured a derringer pistol. The McCoys opened for The Rolling Stones on the entire 1966 American tour, before Hang on Sloopy they were seen often at LeSourdsville Lake Amusement Park in southwest Ohio at Friday night WSAI radio-sponsored dances. They were a part of the summer dance experience along with Ivan. Derringer also recorded and played with a version of Johnny Winters band called Johnny Winter And. Derringer also had a successful solo career, and his solo version of Rock and Roll, Hoochie Koo was a hit single in 1973. The years 2013–2014 mark the 40th anniversary of Derringers first solo tracks on All American Boy, the albums success was rated so highly by its record company, Blue Sky Records, that it claimed every college dorm room in America had one. He also recorded extensively with Steely Dan, playing guitar on songs including Show Biz Kids. Derringer appeared on Alice Coopers Killer album in 1971, playing the solo on Under My Wheels, in late 1974, Derringer played guitar on Joe Vitales debut solo album Roller Coaster Weekend produced by The Albert Brothers. The album featured other famous guitarists Joe Walsh and Phil Keaggy, in the last half of the 1970s, Rick Derringer fronted the hard rock band Derringer, releasing a self-titled debut, followed by Sweet Evil and If I Werent So Romantic, Id Shoot You. The latter included a cover of Warren Zevons Lawyers, Guns and Money as well as material by Alice Cooper, bassist Kenny Aaronson and drummers Vinny Appice and Myron Grombacher passed through the groups lineup. Appice later joined Black Sabbath during the Ronnie James Dio era, Derringer opened for Led Zeppelin in Oakland, California on their last American tour in 1977. Derringer was also a featured guitarist on several Todd Rundgren albums in the 1970s, a Wizard, a True Star, Initiation and the live album Back to the Bars
12.
Muddy Waters
–
McKinley Morganfield, better known as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician who is often cited as the father of modern Chicago blues. Muddy Waters grew up on Stovall Plantation near Clarksdale, Mississippi, and by age 17 was playing the guitar and he was recorded in Mississippi by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress in 1941. In 1943, he moved to Chicago to become a full-time, in 1946, he recorded his first records for Columbia Records and then for Aristocrat Records, a newly formed label run by the brothers Leonard and Phil Chess. These songs included Hoochie Coochie Man, I Just Want to Make Love to You, in 1958, he traveled to England, laying the foundations of the subsequent blues boom there. His performance at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1960 was recorded and released as his first live album, Muddy Waters influence was tremendous, not just on blues and rhythm and blues but on rock and roll, hard rock, folk music, jazz, and country music. His use of amplification is often cited as the link between Delta blues and rock and roll, Muddy Waters birthplace and date is not conclusively known. He stated that he was born in Rolling Fork, Mississippi in 1915, a 1955 interview in the Chicago Defender is the earliest he claimed 1915 as his year of birth, which he continued to use in interviews from that point onward. The 1920 census lists him as five years old as of March 6,1920, the Social Security Death Index, relying on the Social Security card application submitted after his move to Chicago in the mid-1940s, lists him as being born April 4,1913. His gravestone gives his year as 1915. Muddy Waters grandmother, Della Grant, raised him after his mother died shortly after his birth, Grant gave him the nickname Muddy at an early age because he loved to play in the muddy water of nearby Deer Creek. Waters was added later, as he began to play harmonica. The remains of the cabin on Stovall Plantation where Waters lived in his youth are now at the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale and he had his first introduction to music in church, I used to belong to church. I was a good Baptist, singing in the church, so I got all of my good moaning and trembling going on for me right out of church, he recalled. By the time, he was 17, he had purchased his first guitar, I sold the last horse that we had. Made about fifteen dollars for him, gave my grandmother seven dollars and fifty cents, I kept seven-fifty, the people ordered them from Sears-Roebuck in Chicago. He started playing his songs in joints nearby his hometown, mostly in a owned by Colonel William Howard Stovall. In August 1941, Alan Lomax went to Stovall, Mississippi and he brought his stuff down and recorded me right in my house, Muddy recalled in Rolling Stone, and when he played back the first song I sounded just like anybodys records. Man, you dont know how I felt that Saturday afternoon when I heard that voice, later on he sent me two copies of the pressing and a check for twenty bucks, and I carried that record up to the corner and put it on the jukebox
13.
Grammy Award
–
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
14.
Rolling Stone
–
Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
15.
Guitarist
–
A guitarist is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica, the correctness of techniques that a guitarist acquires depends on the quality of training. Learning how to play correctly is crucial for any guitarist no matter which guitar he/she plays, the guitarist may also employ various methods for selecting notes and chords, including fingering, thumbing, the barre, and bottleneck or steel-guitar slides, usually made of glass or metal. These left- and right-hand techniques may be intermixed in performance, while music is an art form in itself, playing an instrument such as the guitar has long been a popular subject for painters. Despite perceived tendencies in mainstream music diffusion, to Rock music and electric guitar, notable guitarists arrived from other genres, Rolling Stone In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine published a list called The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. This list included 100 guitarists whom the magazine editor David Fricke considered the best, the first in this list is the American guitarist Jimi Hendrix introduced by Pete Townshend, guitarist for The Who, who was, in his turn, ranked at #50 in the list. Artists who had not been included in the previous list were added, rory Gallagher, for example, was ranked in 57th place. The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time is mentioned in many biographies about artists who appear in the list, despite the appearance in other magazines like Billboard, this publication by Guitar World was criticized for including no female musicians within its selection. However, Guitar World recently published a list of Eight Amazing Female Acoustic Players, including Kaki King, TIME and others Following the death of Les Paul, TIME website presented their list of 10 greatest artists in electric guitar. As in Rolling Stone magazines list, Jimi Hendrix was chosen as the greatest guitarist followed by Slash from Guns N Roses, B. B. King, Keith Richards, Jimmy Page, and Eric Clapton. Gigwise. com, a music magazine, also ranks Jimi Hendrix as the greatest guitarist ever, followed by Jimmy Page, B. B. King, Keith Richards. There are many classical guitarists listed as notable in their respective epochs, media related to Guitarists at Wikimedia Commons
16.
B.B. King
–
Riley Benjamin King, known professionally as B. B. King, was an American blues singer, electric guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. King introduced a style of soloing based on fluid string bending and shimmering vibrato that influenced many later electric blues guitarists. King was known for performing throughout his musical career, appearing at more than 200 concerts per year on average into his 70s. In 1956, he appeared at 342 shows. King was born on a plantation in Berclair, Mississippi. He was attracted to music and the guitar in church, and began his career in juke joints. He later lived in Memphis, Tennessee, and Chicago, King died at the age of 89 in Las Vegas, Nevada, on May 14,2015, from congestive heart failure and diabetic complications. Riley Benjamin King was born on September 16,1925, on a plantation called Berclair, near the town of Itta Bena, Mississippi. He considered the city of Indianola, Mississippi to be his home. When Riley was four years old, his mother left his father for another man, so the boy was raised by his grandmother, Elnora Farr, in Kilmichael. While young, King sang in the choir at Elkhorn Baptist Church in Kilmichael. King was attracted to the Pentecostal Church of God in Christ because of its music, the local minister led worship with a Sears Roebuck Silvertone guitar. The minister taught King his first three chords and it seems that at the age of 12 he purchased his first guitar for $15.00, although another source indicates he was given his first guitar by Bukka White, his mothers first cousin. In November 1941 King Biscuit Time first aired, broadcasting on KFFA in Helena and it was a radio show featuring the Mississippi Delta blues. King listened to it while on break at a plantation, a self-taught guitarist, he then wanted to become a radio musician. In 1946, King followed Bukka White to Memphis, Tennessee, White took him in for the next ten months. However, King returned to Mississippi shortly afterward, where he decided to prepare himself better for the next visit and he performed on Sonny Boy Williamsons radio program on KWEM in West Memphis, where he began to develop an audience. Kings appearances led to engagements at the Sixteenth Avenue Grill in West Memphis
17.
Bobby Bland
–
Robert Calvin Bobby Bland, known professionally as Bobby Blue Bland, was an American blues and R&B singer. Bland developed a sound that mixed gospel with the blues and R&B and he was described as among the great storytellers of blues and soul music. Created tempestuous arias of love, betrayal and resignation, set against roiling, dramatic orchestrations and he was sometimes referred to as the Lion of the Blues and as the Sinatra of the Blues. His music was influenced by Nat King Cole. Bland was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1981, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, and he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame described him as second in only to B. B. King as a product of Memphiss Beale Street blues scene. Bland was born Robert Calvin Brooks in the town of Barretville. His father, I. J. Brooks, abandoned the family not long after Roberts birth, Robert later acquired the name Bland from his stepfather, Leroy Bridgeforth, who was also called Leroy Bland. Bobby Bland never graduated from school, with his mother, Bland moved to Memphis in 1947, where he started singing with local gospel groups, including the Miniatures. Between 1950 and 1952, Bland recorded unsuccessful singles for Modern Records and, at Ike Turners suggestion and he then signed a contract with Duke Records. When Bland returned to Memphis in 1954, several of his former associates and he joined Aces revue and returned to Duke Records, which was then being run by Houston entrepreneur Don Robey. According to biographer Charles Farley, Robey handed Bobby a new contract, which Bobby could not read, the deal gave Bland just half a cent per record sold, instead of the industry standard of 2 cents. Bland released his first single for Duke in 1955, unlike many blues musicians, Bland played no instrument. Blands first chart success came in 1957 with the R&B chart no.1 hit Farther Up the Road and it was followed by a series of hits on the R&B chart, including Little Boy Blue. He also shared an album with Parker, Blues Consolidated, in 1958, Blands craft was most clearly heard on a series of early-1960s releases, including Cry Cry Cry, I Pity the Fool and Turn On Your Love Light, which became a much-covered standard. Despite credits to the contrary—often claimed by Robey—many of these works were written by Joe Scott. Bland also recorded a hit version of T-Bone Walkers Call It Stormy Monday and his final R&B no.1 was Thats The Way Love Is, in 1963, but he continued to produce a consistent run of R&B chart entries through the mid-1960s. Blands records mostly sold on the R&B market rather than achieving crossover success and he had 23 Top Ten hits on the Billboard R&B chart
18.
Roy Head
–
Roy Kent Head is an American singer, best known for his hit Treat Her Right. Head achieved fame as a member of a group out from San Marcos. The groups sponsor landed their first recording contract in 1958 with TNT Music in San Antonio while they were still in high school, the Traits performed and recorded in the rockabilly, rock and roll and rhythm and blues musical styles from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s. After going solo, Head landed several hits on the Country, Roy Head and the Traits held reunions in 2001 and 2007 and were inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame in 2007. One of the most gifted performers of his era, Heads extraordinary dancing and acrobatic showmanship are legendary, the original group consisted of fellow high school students Head, Tommy Bolton, Gerry Gibson, Dan Buie, Clyde Causey, and Bill Pennington. At the time, all of the Traits were minors, renner label No.221 and Ascot No. 2108, a subsidiary of United Artists Records, distributed The Traits version of Ray Sharpes 1959 Linda Lu, with Little Mama by Dan Buie, renner Records also released The Traits Got My Mojo Working and Wo Wo on label No.229. Tommy Bolton organized and played with other Central Texas musical groups while both he and Clyde Causey launched careers with the Department Of The Treasury, danny Gomez graduated from SWTSTC and later earn his doctorate at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. David McCumber went on to pursue his love for music at Sound Masters studio in Houston Texas and he ran the company until his retirement where he enjoyed travel with his wife Sandra until his death from Melanoma cancer in 2005. George Frazier would pursue real estate investment interests, and Bill Pennington followed in his mothers footsteps, only Head and Gibson would continue with careers in music. Roy Head and the Traits signed with Scepter Records in 1964, Scepter had developed a nationwide network of independent distributors while working with The Shirelles. Roy Head and the Traits released a vinyl 45 featuring the vocals of Head,9551, Get Back and Never Make Me Blue. In 1965 the band signed with the record producer Huey Meaux of Houston, Treat Her Right was recorded at Gold Star Studios in Houston. Issued on Don Robeys Back Beat label, it reached No.2 on both the U. S, pop and R&B charts in 1965, behind The Beatles Yesterday. Treat Her Right, with its horns and punchy rhythm, credited to Head and bass man Gene Kurtz. The fact that this was accomplished during the point of the British Invasion makes it all the more impressive. Bob Dylan, Sammy Davis Jr. and Tom Jones covered it live, Roy Head and the Traits Just a Little Bit and the bluesy-rockabilly hybrid, Apple Of My Eye also cracked the Top 40 in 1965. Goldmine Album Price Guide offers a counterfeit caution when buying this album, the original from TNT did not include the song Treat Her Right, although it is included in the more widely distributed Sceptor pressing
19.
Parchman Farm (song)
–
Parchman Farm or Parchman Farm Blues is a blues song first recorded by American Delta blues musician Bukka White in 1940. It is a piece, in which White sings of his experience at the infamous Mississippi State Penitentiary. Jazz pianist-vocalist Mose Allison adapted it for his own Parchman Farm and New Parchman, numerous artists have recorded their own renditions, usually based on Allisons songs. Early in his career in 1937, Bukka White was arrested and convicted for a shooting incident and was sentenced to Parchman Farm prison in rural Sunflower County. The institution was operated as a prison labor work farm. His recording of Shake Em On Down became a hit while he was there, while incarcerated, he recorded two songs for John Lomax, who was conducting field recordings for the Archive of Folk Culture at the U. S. When White was released two and one-half years later in 1940, he resumed his career with producer Lester Melrose in Chicago. In March 1940, White arrived at the studio prepared to record with several songs. When Melrose saw that they were mostly reworkings of current popular blues numbers, he encouraged White to take a couple of days, White later recalled, I got down to it and returned on March 7 with twelve new songs. One was Parchman Farm Blues, which he recorded that day, the song has the elements of Delta blues, including a one-chord modal arrangement and a slide guitar break. However, the line is distinctive and relies less on blue notes. White delivers the vocal in his characteristic grainy, guttural style accompanied by his acoustic guitar and his lyrics allude to his time at Parchman, White never denied responsibility for the shooting, which he claimed was in self-defense, I shot him where I wanted to shoot him. Although he usually downplayed his time at Parchman, the difference in his songs after his release is apparent. According to music historian Ted Gioia, the rollicking, carefree ethos of The Panama Limited, of Shake Em On Down, is replaced by a darker, a sense of pathos enters his music. Take on a more overtly artistic dimension, when he last recorded commercially in 1937, rural-style blues was giving way to urban, ensemble blues styles. As Gioia notes, Its not clear what audience Melrose had in mind when he agreed to record these songs, when Parchman Farm Blues was released as a single by Okeh Records in 1940, it went largely unnoticed. A brief review in the Amsterdam News in July 1940 referred to Whites songs as folk music, Parchman Farm Blues is included on numerous Bukka White and various artists compilations. In 1957, Mose Allison recorded Parchman Farm for his album Local Color, although it is inspired by Whites song, it uses a different arrangement and some new lyrics
20.
The Progressive Blues Experiment
–
The Progressive Blues Experiment is the debut album by Johnny Winter. The Progressive Blues Experiment was originally issued on Austins Sonobeat Records label in 1968, when Winter signed to Columbia Records, the rights were sold to Imperial Records who reissued the album in 1969. Winter plays here in a trio with his late-sixties band, several blues artists are covered including B. B. King, Sonny Boy Williamson, and Slim Harpo. In 2005, Capitol issued a 24-bit remastered edition of this recording on CD, the album has also been released with the title Austin, Texas
21.
Mike Bloomfield
–
For the astronaut, see Michael J. Bloomfield. Respected for his playing, Bloomfield knew and played with many of Chicagos blues legends before achieving his own fame and was instrumental in popularizing blues music in the mid-1960s. He was ranked number 22 on Rolling Stones list of 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003 and number 42 by the same magazine in 2011. He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2012 and, as a member of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, was inducted into the Rock, Bloomfield was born into a wealthy Chicago Jewish-American family. Bloomfields father, Harold Bloomfield, was born in Chicago in 1914, after pursuing business ventures in California during the 1920s, he returned to the city in the early 1930s. By the early 1940s Bloomfield Industries had acquired more manufacturing and warehouse space, the company expanded during World War II by manufacturing supplies needed for the war effort. Working with his brother, Daniel, and his father, Samuel, Michael Bloomfields mother was born Dorothy Klein in Chicago in 1918 and married Harold Bloomfield in 1940. She came from an artistic, musical family, and worked as an actor, Michael Bloomfields brother Allen Bloomfield was born in Chicago on Dec.24,1944. Bloomfields family lived in locations around Chicago before settling at 424 West Melrose Street on the North Side. When he was twelve his family moved to suburban Glencoe, Illinois, where he attended New Trier High School for two years. During this time, he began playing in bands, and Bloomfield put together a group called the Hurricanes, named after Ohio rock band Johnny. New Trier High School expelled Bloomfield after his band performed a raucous rock and he attended Cornwall Academy in Massachusetts for one year and then returned to Chicago, where he spent his last year of education at a local YMCA school, Central YMCA High School. He first sat in with a blues band in 1959. He performed with Howlin Wolf, Muddy Waters, and many other Chicago blues performers during the early 1960s, writing in 2001, keyboardist, songwriter and record producer Al Kooper said Bloomfields talent was instantly obvious to his mentors. They knew this was not just another boy, this was someone who truly understood what the blues were all about. Among his early supporters were B. B, King, Muddy Waters, Bob Dylan and Buddy Guy. Michael used to say, Its a natural, black people suffer externally in this country. The sufferings the mutual fulcrum for the blues, in the early 1960s he met harmonica player and singer Paul Butterfield and guitarist Elvin Bishop, with whom he would later play in The Paul Butterfield Blues Band
22.
Al Kooper
–
He has had a successful solo career since then, written music for film soundtracks, and has lectured in musical composition. Kooper, born in Brooklyn, grew up in a Jewish family in Hollis Hills, Queens and his first musical success was as a 14-year-old guitarist in the Royal Teens, best known for their 1958 ABC Records novelty 12-bar blues riff, Short Shorts. When he was 21, Kooper moved to Greenwich Village and he performed with Bob Dylan in concert in 1965, including playing Hammond organ with Dylan at the Newport Folk Festival, and in the recording studio in 1965 and 1966. Kooper also played the Hammond organ riffs on Dylans Like a Rolling Stone and it was in those recording sessions that Kooper met and befriended Mike Bloomfield, whose guitar playing he admired. He worked extensively with Bloomfield for several years, Kooper played organ once again with Dylan during his 1981 world tour. Kooper joined the Blues Project as their keyboardist in 1965, he left the band shortly before their gig at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. He formed Blood, Sweat & Tears in 1967, leaving due to differences in 1968, after the release of the groups first album. He recorded Super Session with Bloomfield and Stills in 1968, in 1975 he produced the debut album by the Tubes. Kooper has played on hundreds of records, including ones by the Rolling Stones, King, the Who, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Alice Cooper, and Cream. On occasion, he has even overdubbed his own efforts, as on The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper and other albums, under the pseudonym Roosevelt Gook. After moving to Atlanta in 1972, he discovered the band Lynyrd Skynyrd and he wrote the score for the TV series Crime Story and for the film The Landlord and wrote music for several made-for-television movies. He was the force behind many of the pop tunes, including Youre the Lovin End, for The Banana Splits. During the late 1980s Kooper had his own dedicated keyboard studio room in the historic Sound Emporium recording studio in Nashville, next to studio B. Kooper published a memoir, Backstage Passes, Rock n Roll Life in the Sixties, the revised edition includes indictments of manipulators in the music industry, including his one-time business manager, Stan Polley. Koopers status as an author enabled him to join the Rock Bottom Remainders, a band made up of writers, including Dave Barry, Stephen King, Amy Tan. Kooper is retired from teaching songwriting and recording production at Berklee College of Music, in Boston, and plays concerts with his bands the ReKooperators. In 2008, he participated in the production of the album Psalngs, Kooper was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum, in Nashville, in 2008. In 2005, Martin Scorsese produced a documentary titled No Direction Home, Kooper had been invited to the session as an observer and hoped to be allowed to sit in on guitar, his primary instrument
23.
Fillmore East
–
It was open from March 8,1968 to June 27,1971 and featured some of the biggest acts in rock music at the time. The Fillmore East was a companion to Grahams Fillmore Auditorium, and its successor, called the Commodore Theater, and independently operated, it eventually was taken over by Loews Inc. and became a movie theater, the Loews Commodore. It later became the Village Theatre, when Graham took over the theatre in 1967, it had fallen into disrepair. Despite the deceptively small marquee and façade, the theater had a capacity of almost 2,700, the venue provided Graham with an East Coast counterpart to his existing Fillmore in San Francisco, California. Opening on March 8,1968, the Fillmore East quickly became known as The Church of Rock and Roll, with two-show, Graham would regularly alternate acts between the East and West Coast venues. Until early 1971, bands were booked to two shows per night, at 8 pm and 11 pm, on both Friday and Saturday nights. Among the notable acts to play the Fillmore East was Jimi Hendrix and his album Band of Gypsys was recorded live on New Years Day 1970. The Kinks played October 17th and 18th,1969, supported by the Bonzo Dog Band, john Lennon and Yoko Ono sat in with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention at the theater on June 6,1971. Jefferson Airplane performed six shows and Taj Mahal played eight shows at the venue, while Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young did four shows in September 1969, Led Zeppelin made four appearances in early 1969, opening for Iron Butterfly. Amateur film footage of their January 31 performance can be viewed at the Led Zeppelin website, the Joshua Light Show, headed by Joshua White, was an integral part of many performances, with its psychedelic art lighting on a backdrop behind many live bands. National Educational Television taped a show on September 23,1970 for broadcast and it featured The Byrds, Elvin Bishop Group, Albert King, Sha Na Na, Van Morrison and Joes Lights. The Allman Brothers were also taped for broadcast but due to technical difficulties, the show, Welcome To Fillmore East was aired on WNET channel 13 in NYC and simulcast on WNEW-FM radio on October 10,1970 at 10,00 PM in the NYC area. A thirty-minute clip from that show of the Allmans can be seen on YouTube, released by The Island Def Jam Music Group,2014. Six CD set released in 2006 on Hip-O Select,3, four CD set of the complete shows from June 17,18,19 &20,1970 plus three bonus tracks from April 11,1970 at Fillmore West. Y. Iron Butterfly - Fillmore East 1968, a two disc set recorded on April 26 &27,1968, released by Rhino Entertainment 2011, jefferson Airplane – Bless Its Pointed Little Head, this album was split between the Fillmore East and Fillmore West. The Allman Brothers Band set was released as the disc of the deluxe edition/remastered version of their Eat a Peach album. On November 17,1972 the Fillmore East reopened as Villageast with Virgin, after a short run the Rock Opera closed and on December 15,1972, Jerry Fuchs presented the opening night of concerts with a performance featuring Bloodrock, Elephants Memory and Trapeze. On December 16,1972, the bill was Bloodrock, Foghat, on December 7,1974, Barry Stuart, reopened the venue as the NFE Theatre – NFE standing for New Fillmore East – with a concert presenting Bachman-Turner Overdrive
24.
Stephen Stills
–
Stephen Arthur Stills is an American singer and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work with Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Beginning his professional career with Buffalo Springfield, he composed their only hit For What Its Worth, other notable songs he contributed to the band were Sit Down, I Think I Love You, Bluebird and Rock & Roll Woman. According to Richie Furay, he was the heart and soul of Buffalo Springfield, after Buffalo Springfield broke up, Stills began working with David Crosby and Graham Nash on their debut album. Stills, in addition to writing much of the album, played bass, guitar, the album sold over four million copies and at that point, had outsold anything from the three members prior bands, The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, and The Hollies. The album won the trio a Grammy Award for Best New Artist, Neil Young, formerly of Buffalo Springfield, joined CSN months later for their second concert at Woodstock and subsequent album Déjà Vu. The album found Stills again as a leader of the group, living up to his nickname Captain Many Hands he played bass, guitar and keyboard on the title track, and electric guitar and piano on Helpless. The album became a success and sold over eight million copies. In its wake all four members of CSNY released solo albums that reached the top 20, Stills first solo album Stephen Stills went gold and is the only album to feature both Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton. Its hit single, Love The One Youre With became his biggest solo hit peaking at No.14 in the Billboard Hot 100, a string of solo albums, and a band with Chris Hillman called Manassas followed in 1972. In the summer of 1974 Young reunited with CSN after a hiatus for a concert tour which was recorded and released in 2014 as CSNY1974. It was one of the first ever tours, and the largest tour the band has done to date. CSN reunited in 1977 for their album CSN which became the trios best selling record, CSN continued to have platinum albums through the 1980s. Stills solo career and bands have combined sales of over 35 million albums to date, Stills was ranked #28 in Rolling Stones 2003 list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and #47 in the 2011 list. Stills became the first person to be inducted twice on the night into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work with CSN. According to Neil Young, Stephen is a genius, Stills was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Talitha Quintilla and William Arthur Stills. Raised in a family, he moved around as a child. He also attended Admiral Farragut Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida and Saint Leo College Preparatory School in Saint Leo, Stills is also an avid sailor. Stills dropped out of University of Florida a week after enrolling to pursue a career in the early 1960s
25.
Super Session
–
Super Session is an album conceived by Al Kooper and featuring the work of guitarists Mike Bloomfield and Stephen Stills, released on Columbia Records in 1968. Bloomfield and Stills do not play together on the album, with tracks including Bloomfield on side one, and it peaked at number 12 on the Billboard 200, and has been certified a gold record by the RIAA. Kooper had recently left Blood, Sweat & Tears after recording their album with them. Bloomfield was about to leave Electric Flag, and at loose ends. Kooper telephoned Bloomfield to see if he was free to come down to the studio and jam, Bloomfield agreed, on the second day, with the tapes ready to roll, Bloomfield did not show up. Needing to have something to show for the day of sessions, to sit in for Bloomfield, Kooper hastily called upon Stephen Stills. Some overdubbed horns were added while the album was being mixed. The success of this opened the door for the supergroup concept of the late 1960s and 1970s — Blind Faith, Crosby, Stills & Nash. Kooper forgave Bloomfield, and the two of them made several appearances after the album was released. The results of one of became the album The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield. On April 8,2003, Legacy Records reissued the album for compact disc with four bonus tracks, along with the stereo version of the album it was released also as a quadraphonic version back in the 1970s. Quadraphonic was released on SQ-encoded vinyl and discrete 8-track cartridge tape, later in 2000s, it was intended that it would be remixed for the new 5.1 channel version to be released on SACD. But in late 2004 Al Kooper released this statement, To the best of my knowledge, based on an unnamed source, a year and a half ago I remixed Super Session and Child Is Father to the Man for them in 5.1 SACD. They both came out incredible and so I mastered them with Bob Ludwig, now it seems they will languish on the shelves under the current administration of SONY/BMG. Typical, in soooo many ways. If this is true, record companies could be liable for up to three sets of royalties. Since this would make the much more expensive, it appears that most companies are avoiding this issue by simply canceling the release of the SACD version. Kooper said, Have finished an eye-opening 5.1 Surround SACD mix of Super Session and this has got to be the finest way to listen to music if it is prepared correctly. So many people are doing it in the domain and losing the sonics of the sixties
26.
Willie Dixon
–
William James Dixon was an American blues musician, vocalist, songwriter, arranger and record producer. A Grammy Award winner who was proficient on both the bass and the guitar and as a vocalist, he is perhaps best known as one of the most prolific songwriters of his time. Next to Muddy Waters, Dixon is recognized as the most influential person in shaping the post–World War II sound of the Chicago blues, Dixons songs have been recorded by countless musicians in many genres as well as by various ensembles in which he participated. A short list of his most famous compositions includes Hoochie Coochie Man, I Just Want to Make Love to You, Little Red Rooster, My Babe, Spoonful, and You Cant Judge a Book by the Cover. These tunes were written during the peak of Chess Records, 1950–1965, and performed by Muddy Waters, Howlin Wolf, Little Walter, Dixon also was an important link between the blues and rock and roll, working with Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley in the late 1950s. His songs have been covered by some of the biggest artists of recent times, such as Cream, Jeff Beck, the Doors, Led Zeppelin, the Rolling Stones, Steppenwolf, Bob Dylan. The debut albums by the first six of those artists all feature at least one of his songs, Dixon is an inductee in the Blues, Rock and Roll, and Songwriters Halls of Fame. Dixon was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 1,1915 and his mother, Daisy, often rhymed things she said, a habit her son imitated. At the age of seven, young Dixon became an admirer of a band that featured pianist Little Brother Montgomery. He sang his first song at Springfield Baptist Church at the age of four Dixon was first introduced to blues when he served time on farms in Mississippi as a young teenager. He began adapting his poems into songs and even sold some to local music groups, Dixon left Mississippi for Chicago in 1936. He became a boxer and worked briefly as Joe Louiss sparring partner. Dixon met Leonard Caston at a gym, where they would harmonize at times. Dixon performed in vocal groups in Chicago, but it was Caston that persuaded him to pursue music seriously. Caston built him his first bass, made of a tin can, Dixons experience singing bass made the instrument familiar. He also learned to play the guitar, in 1939, Dixon was a founding member of the Five Breezes, with Caston, Joe Bell, Gene Gilmore and Willie Hawthorne. The group blended blues, jazz, and vocal harmonies, in the mode of the Ink Spots and he refused to go to war because he would not fight for a nation in which institutionalized racism and racist laws were prevalent. After the war, he formed a group named the Four Jumps of Jive and he then reunited with Caston, forming the Big Three Trio, which went on to record for Columbia Records
27.
Big Walter Horton
–
Walter Horton, better known as Big Walter or Walter Shakey Horton, was an American blues harmonica player. A quiet, unassuming, shy man, he is remembered as one of the premier players in the history of blues. Willie Dixon once called Horton the best harmonica player I ever heard, Horton was born in Horn Lake, Mississippi. He was playing the harmonica by the time he was five years old, in his early teens, he lived in Memphis, Tennessee. Like many of his peers, he lived on an income during much of his career. In the 1930s he played with numerous blues performers in the Mississippi Delta region and it is generally accepted that his first recordings were made in Memphis, backing the guitarist Little Buddy Doyle on Doyles recordings for Okeh Records and Vocalion Records in 1939. These recordings were in the duo format popularized by Sleepy John Estes and his harmonicist Hammie Nixon. On these recordings, Hortons style was not yet fully realized and he eventually stopped playing the harp for a living, because of poor health, and worked mainly outside the music industry in the 1940s. By the early 1950s, he was playing music again and he was among the first to record for Sam Phillips at Sun Records in Memphis, who later recorded Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash. His recordings for Sun include piano accompaniment by the young Phineas Newborn, Hortons instrumental track recorded around this time, Easy, was based on Ivory Joe Hunters I Almost Lost My Mind. During the early 1950s he appeared on the Chicago blues scene, frequently playing with Memphis and Delta musicians who had moved north, including the guitarists Eddie Taylor. When Junior Wells left the Muddy Waters band at the end of 1952, Horton replaced him long enough to play on one session, in January 1953. Also known as Mumbles and Shakey, Horton was active in the Chicago blues scene during the 1960s, from the early 1960s onward, he recorded and appeared frequently as a sideman with Taylor, Shines, Johnny Young, Sunnyland Slim, Willie Dixon and many others. He toured extensively, usually as a musician, and in the 1970s he performed at blues and folk music festivals in the U. S. and Europe. He also performed on recordings by blues and rock stars, such as Fleetwood Mac, in October 1968, while touring the United Kingdom, he recorded the album Southern Comfort with the former Savoy Brown and future Mighty Baby guitarist Martin Stone. Two of the best compilation albums of his work are Mouth-Harp Maestro, also notable is the album Big Walter Horton and Carey Bell, released by Alligator Records in 1972. He worked at blues festivals and often performed at the Maxwell Street market in Chicago, in 1977, he played on the Muddy Waters album Im Ready, produced by Johnny Winter. He also recorded for Blind Pig Records during this period, Horton accompanied John Lee Hooker in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers
28.
Resonator guitar
–
A resonator guitar or resophonic guitar is an acoustic guitar that produces sound by carrying string vibration through the bridge to one or more spun metal cones, instead of to the sound board. Resonator guitars were designed to be louder than regular acoustic guitars. They became prized for their sound, however, and found life with several musical styles well after electric amplification solved the issue of inadequate guitar sound levels. The body of a guitar may be made of wood, metal. Typically there are two sound holes, positioned on either side of the fingerboard extension. In the case of models, the sound holes are either both circular or both f-shaped, and symmetrical. The older tricone design has irregularly shaped sound holes, cutaway body styles may truncate or omit the lower f-hole. Dopyera experimented with configurations of up to four resonator cones and with cones composed of different metals. In 1927, Dopyera and Beauchamp formed the National String Instrument Corporation to manufacture guitars under the brand name National. The first models were metal-bodied, and featured three conical aluminum resonators joined by a T-shaped aluminum bar that supported the system called the tricone. National originally produced wooden-bodied Tricone models at their factory in Los Angeles and they called these models the Triolian, but made only 12 of them. They changed the body meant for tricones to single-cone models, and this system was cheaper to produce, and produced more volume than Nationals tricone. National countered the Dobro with its own single resonator model, which Dopyera had designed before he left the company and they also continued to produce the tricone design, which many players preferred for its tone. Both National single and tricone resonators remained conical, with their convex surfaces uppermost, single resonator models used a wooden biscuit at the cone apex to support the bridge. At this point, both companies sourced many components from Adolph Rickenbacher, including the aluminium resonators, after much legal action, the Dopyera brothers gained control of both National and Dobro in 1932, and subsequently merged them into the National Dobro Corporation. However, they ceased all resonator guitars production following the U. S. entry into World War II in 1941. Emile Dopyera manufactured Dobros from 1959, before selling the company and trademark to Semie Moseley, in 1967, Rudy and Emile Dopyera formed the Original Musical Instrument Company to manufacture resonator guitars, first branded Hound Dog. In 1970 they again acquired the Dobro trademark, Mosrite having gone into temporary liquidation, the Gibson Guitar Corporation acquired OMI in 1993, and announced it would defend its right to exclusive use of the Dobro trademark—which many people commonly used for any resonator guitar
29.
Good Morning, School Girl
–
Good Morning, School Girl is a blues standard which has been identified as an influential blues song. Pre-war Chicago blues vocalist and harmonica pioneer John Lee Sonny Boy Williamson first recorded it in 1937, subsequently, a variety of artists have recorded versions of the song, usually calling it Good Morning Little Schoolgirl. Sonny Boy Williamson I recorded Good Morning, School Girl in 1937 during his first recording session for Bluebird Records, the song is an uptempo blues with an irregular number of bars. Although identified with Chicago blues, a write-up in the Blues Hall of Fame notes it was a product of Sonny Boy’s west Tennessee roots, the melody has been traced to “Back and Side Blues”, a 1934 blues song recorded by Son Bonds. Good Morning, School Girl features Williamsons vocal and harmonica accompaniment by Big Joe Williams. In October 1948, Leroy Dallas recorded a version of the song which he entitled Good Morning Blues and it was released as a single on Sittin In With Records. The Texas bluesman Smokey Hogg recorded his version, calling it Little School Girl, in 1950, the song reached number five on the Billboard R&B chart. In 1965, Junior Wells with Buddy Guy recorded it as a Chicago blues, with a guitar and bass line. McDowell included a 1971 performance on Live in New York and in 1978, in 1961, Don Level and Bob Love, as the rhythm and blues duo Don and Bob, recorded a different version of Good Morning Little Schoolgirl for Argo Records, a Chess subsidiary. Although they use the phrase good morning little schoolgirl, the song has different chord changes and lyrics, when the Yardbirds were looking for a song to follow up to their first single, I Wish You Would, they chose the Don and Bob tune. The groups guitarist Eric Clapton explained in an interview, working about every single night of the week. Trouble was finding new material for a disc and we remembered this Good Morning Little School Girl from a rather obscure R and B artiste—a friend of ours had it on a long-player. So we rushed in and recorded it, the single was released on October 20,1964, in the UK, where it reached number 49 in the singles chart. Epic Records, the Yardbirds American label, did not issue the single in the US, later, in his autobiography, Clapton described the early recordings, sounded pretty lame. The group recorded a version at the Marquee Club in London. On the live version, Clapton and bassist Paul Samwell-Smith provided the vocals instead of lead singer Keith Relf, the Yardbirds single version was credited to Demarais or H. G. Demarais, although some later reissues list Sonny Boy Williamson as the songwriter. Album credits for live version are listed as Demarais or Level–Love. In 1990, Sonny Boy Williamson Is Good Morning, School Girl was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in the Classics of Blues Recordings – Single or Album Track category
30.
Imperial Records
–
Imperial Records is an American record company and label started in 1947 by Lew Chudd and reactivated in 2006 by EMI, which owned the label and back catalogue at the time. The current owner is Universal Music Group, when Imperial was founded in 1947, it concentrated on rhythm and blues and country music, Fats Domino, Frankie Ford, Ricky Nelson, and Slim Whitman. In the UK Imperial was distributed by London Records, Imperial bought Aladdin Records in 1960 and Minit Records in 1963. In 1963, after Imperial lost Fats Domino and Ricky Nelson to rival record companies, under Libertys management, the label enjoyed success with Irma Thomas, Johnny Rivers, Jackie DeShannon, Classics IV, and Cher. During the British Invasion, Liberty licensed The Hollies, Billy J. Kramer, the Dakotas, recordings by the Bonzo Dog Band and Kim Fowley were issued in the U. S. on the Imperial label. By 1970 the label had become part of Libertys merger with United Artists Records but was phased out shortly after, EMI acquired the Imperial Records catalogue with its acquisition of UA Records in 1979. This is not the same Imperial Records that exists currently in Japan or that was a division of EMIs Dutch arm, throughout the 1990s, EMI released CD compilations of Imperial artists that featured the original Imperial labels. The first signing to the imprint was Raptivism Records, fat Joe signed with Virgin Records and Imperial Records. Imperial provides resources for developing artists with EMIs major labels, including Capitol Records and Virgin Records. Universal Music Group acquired the Capitol Music Group as part of its acquisition of EMIs recorded music operations in 2012
31.
Woodstock
–
Billed as An Aquarian Exposition,3 Days of Peace & Music, it was held at Max Yasgurs 600-acre dairy farm in the Catskills near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel. Bethel, in Sullivan County, is 43 miles southwest of the town of Woodstock, New York, during the sometimes rainy weekend,32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of 400,000 people. It is widely regarded as a moment in popular music history. Rolling Stone listed it as one of the 50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock, in 2017 the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Woodstock was initiated through the efforts of Michael Lang, John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, Roberts and Rosenman financed the project. Lang had some experience as a promoter, having co-organized a small festival on the East Coast the prior year, the Miami Pop Festival, where an estimated 25,000 people attended the two-day event. Early in 1969, Roberts and Rosenman were New York City entrepreneurs, in the process of building Media Sound, unpersuaded by this Studio-in-the-Woods proposal, Roberts and Rosenman counter-proposed a concert featuring the kind of artists known to frequent the Woodstock area. Kornfeld and Lang agreed to the new plan, and Woodstock Ventures was formed in January 1969, the company offices were located in an oddly decorated floor of 47 West 57th Street in Manhattan. Burt Cohen, and his group, Curtain Call Productions. When Lang was unable to find a site for the concert, Roberts and Rosenman, growing increasingly concerned, took to the road, similar differences about financial discipline made Roberts and Rosenman wonder whether to pull the plug or to continue pumping money into the project. In April 1969, newly minted superstars Creedence Clearwater Revival became the first act to sign a contract for the event, the promoters had experienced difficulty landing big-name groups prior to Creedence committing to play. Creedence drummer Doug Clifford later commented, Once Creedence signed, everyone else jumped in line, given their 3,00 a. m. start time and omission from the Woodstock film, Creedence members have expressed bitterness over their experiences at the famed festival. Woodstock was designed as a venture, aptly titled Woodstock Ventures. It famously became a free concert only after the event drew hundreds of more people than the organizers had prepared for. Tickets for the event cost $18 in advance and $24 at the gate. Ticket sales were limited to record stores in the greater New York City area, around 186,000 advance tickets were sold, and the organizers anticipated approximately 200,000 festival-goers would turn up. The original venue plan was for the festival to take place in Woodstock, New York, after local residents quickly shot down that idea, Lang and Kornfeld thought they had found another possible location in Saugerties, New York. But they had misunderstood, as the landowners attorney made clear, in a meeting with Roberts
32.
Chuck Berry
–
Charles Edward Anderson Chuck Berry was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter and one of the pioneers of rock and roll music. With songs such as Maybellene, Roll Over Beethoven, Rock and Roll Music, Goode, Berry refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive. Writing lyrics that focused on teen life and consumerism, and developing a style that included guitar solos and showmanship. Born into a middle-class African-American family in St. Louis, Missouri, Berry had an interest in music from an early age, while still a high school student he was convicted of armed robbery and was sent to a reformatory, where he was held from 1944 to 1947. After his release, Berry settled into married life and worked at an assembly plant. By early 1953, influenced by the guitar riffs and showmanship techniques of the blues musician T-Bone Walker and his break came when he traveled to Chicago in May 1955 and met Muddy Waters, who suggested he contact Leonard Chess, of Chess Records. With Chess, he recorded Maybellene—Berrys adaptation of the country song Ida Red—which sold over a million copies, reaching number one on Billboard magazines rhythm and blues chart. By the end of the 1950s, Berry was a star, with several hit records and film appearances. He had also established his own St. Louis nightclub, Berrys Club Bandstand, but in January 1962, he was sentenced to three years in prison for offenses under the Mann Act—he had transported a 14-year-old girl across state lines. After his release in 1963, Berry had several hits, including No Particular Place to Go, You Never Can Tell. His insistence on being paid in cash led in 1979 to a jail sentence and community service. Berry is included in several of Rolling Stone magazines greatest of all time lists, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll includes three of Berrys, Johnny B. Goode, Maybellene, and Rock and Roll Music, Berrys Johnny B. Goode is the only rock-and-roll song included on the Voyager Golden Record. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Berry was the child in a family of six. He grew up in the north St. Louis neighborhood known as the Ville and his father, Henry William Berry, was a contractor and deacon of a nearby Baptist church, his mother, Martha Bell, was a certified public school principal. His upbringing allowed him to pursue his interest in music from an early age, Berrys account in his autobiography is that his car broke down and he flagged down a passing car and stole it at gunpoint with a nonfunctional pistol. He was convicted and sent to the Intermediate Reformatory for Young Men at Algoa, near Jefferson City, Missouri, the singing group became competent enough that the authorities allowed it to perform outside the detention facility. Berry was released from the reformatory on his 21st birthday in 1947, on October 28,1948, Berry married Themetta Toddy Suggs, who gave birth to Darlin Ingrid Berry on October 3,1950
33.
Johnny B. Goode
–
Johnny B. Goode is a 1958 rock-and-roll song written and first recorded by Chuck Berry. The song was a hit among both black and white audiences, peaking at number 2 on Billboard magazines Hot R&B Sides chart. Johnny B. Goode is considered one of the most recognizable songs in the history of popular music, credited as the first rock & roll hit about rock & roll stardom, it has been recorded by many other artists and has received several honors and accolades. The song is ranked seventh on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Written by Berry in 1955, the song is about a country boy from the New Orleans area, who plays a guitar just like ringing a bell. Berry acknowledged that the song is partly autobiographical and that the lyrics referred to Johnny as a colored boy. As well as suggesting that the player is good, the title hints at autobiographic elements, because Berry was born at 2520 Goode Avenue. The song was inspired by Johnnie Johnson, the regular piano player in Berrys band. Johnson played on other recordings by Berry, but Lafayette Leake played the piano on this song. The opening guitar riff of Johnny B. Goode is essentially a copy of the opening single-note solo on Louis Jordans Aint That Just Like a Woman. Neither the guitar intro nor the solo are played at once, Berry played the introductory parts together with the rhythm guitar and later overdubbed the solo runs. Berry wrote three more songs involving the character Johnny B, Goode, Bye Bye Johnny, Go Go Go, and Johnny B. Blues, and titled an album, and the nearly 19-minute instrumental title track from it, Chuck Berry - vocals, guitars Lafayette Leake - piano Willie Dixon - bass Fred Below - drums In The Guardian, Joe Queenan wrote that Johnny B. In Billboard, Jason Upshutz stated that the song was the first rock-star origin story, the use of Johnny B. Goode in the 1973 coming-of-age comedy-drama American Graffiti resurrected the songs popularity, as it was used in one of the main scenes of the film. When Chuck Berry was inducted into the first Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23,1986, he performed Johnny B. Goode and Rock and Roll Music, backed by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. The Hall of Fame included these songs and Maybellene in their list of the 500 songs that shaped Rock and it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999, for its influence as a rock and roll single. In the 1984 film Threads, the song is three times. The first time is when core characters Ruth Beckett and Jimmy Kemp discuss the future of their relationship before the outbreak of nuclear war, the second time is when Jimmy is at a pub, drinking with his mate
34.
Bob Dylan
–
Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
35.
Highway 61 Revisited
–
Highway 61 Revisited is the sixth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan. It was released on August 30,1965, by Columbia Records, having until then recorded mostly acoustic music, Dylan used rock musicians as his backing band on every track of the album, except for the closing 11-minute ballad, Desolation Row. Author Michael Gray has argued that in an important sense the 1960s started with this album. Leading with the hit single Like a Rolling Stone, the album songs that Dylan has continued to perform live over his long career, including Ballad of a Thin Man. Highway 61 Revisited peaked at No.3 in the United States charts, the album was ranked No.4 on Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Like a Rolling Stone was a hit in several countries. Two other songs, Desolation Row and Highway 61 Revisited, were listed at No.187, I always felt like Id started on it, always had been on it and could go anywhere, even down in to the deep Delta country. It was the road, full of the same contradictions, the same one-horse towns. It was my place in the universe, always felt like it was in my blood. When he was growing up in the 1950s, Highway 61 stretched from the Canada–US border through Duluth, where Dylan was born, and St. Paul all the way down to New Orleans. Along the way, the route passed near the birthplaces and homes of influential musicians such as Muddy Waters, Son House, the empress of the blues, Bessie Smith, died after sustaining serious injuries in an automobile accident on Highway 61. Critic Mark Polizzotti points out that blues legend Robert Johnson is alleged to have sold his soul to the devil at the crossroads with Route 49. The highway had also been the subject of blues recordings, notably Roosevelt Sykes Highway 61 Blues. Dylan has stated that he had to overcome considerable resistance at Columbia Records to give the album its title and he told biographer Robert Shelton, I wanted to call that album Highway 61 Revisited. I had to go up the ladder until finally the word came down and said. Many bluesmen had been there before, all recording versions of a blues called Highway 61, in May 1965, Dylan returned from his tour of England feeling exhausted and dissatisfied with his material. He told journalist Nat Hentoff, I was going to quit singing, the singer added, Its very tiring having other people tell you how much they dig you if you yourself dont dig you. As a consequence of his dissatisfaction, Dylan wrote 20 pages of verse he later described as a piece of vomit
36.
Janis Joplin
–
She died of an accidental drug overdose in 1970, aged 27, after releasing three albums. A fourth album, Pearl, was released a more than three months after her death, reaching number 1 on the charts. Joplin rose to fame in 1967 during an appearance at Monterey Pop Festival, as the singer of the then little-known San Francisco psychedelic rock band Big Brother. After releasing two albums with the band, she left Big Brother to continue as a solo artist with her own backing groups, first the Kozmic Blues Band and she appeared at the Woodstock festival and the Festival Express train tour. Five singles by Joplin went into the Billboard Top 100, including Me and Bobby McGee, which reached number 1 in March 1971. Her most popular include, Piece of My Heart, Cry Baby, Down on Me, Ball n Chain, Summertime, Maybe, and Mercedes Benz. Joplin, who was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, was known for her performing ability. Audiences and critics alike referred to her presence as electric. Rolling Stone ranked Joplin number 46 on its 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and she remains one of the top-selling musicians in the United States, with Recording Industry Association of America certifications of 15.5 million albums sold in the USA. Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on January 19,1943, to Dorothy Bonita East, a registrar at a college, and her husband, Seth Ward Joplin. She had two siblings, Michael and Laura. The family attended the Church of Christ, the Joplins felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children. Primarily a painter while still in school, she first began singing blues and she attended Thomas Jefferson High School, where she was a classmate of Super Bowl winning American football coach Jimmy Johnson. She stated while in school, that she was mostly shunned. Joplin was quoted as saying, I was a misfit, I read, I painted, I thought. As a teen, she became overweight, and her skin broke out so badly she was left deep scars that required dermabrasion. Other kids at school would routinely taunt her and call her names like pig, freak, nigger lover. The campus newspaper, The Daily Texan, ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27,1962, while at UT she performed with a folk trio called the Waller Creek Boys and frequently socialized with the staff of the campus humor magazine The Texas Ranger
37.
Madison Square Garden
–
Madison Square Garden, often called MSG or simply The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The Garden is used for basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown and it is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The Garden opened on February 11,1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area and it is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. MSG is the fourth-busiest music arena in the world in terms of sales, behind The O2 Arena. At a total construction cost of approximately $1.1 billion and it is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name, Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States, two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum, Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. It was 200 feet by 485 feet, and the main hall and it had a 1, 200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968, groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9,1925. Designed by the theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard. The arena was 200 feet by 375 feet, with seating on three levels, and a capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden and it finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located. The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of a railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
38.
Urban legend
–
These legends can be used for entertainment purposes, as well as for semi-serious explanations for random events such as disappearances and strange objects. Despite its name, an urban legend does not necessarily originate in an urban area, rather, the term is used to differentiate modern legend from traditional folklore of pre-industrial times. For this reason, sociologists and folklorists prefer the contemporary legend. Because people frequently allege that such tales happened to a friend of a friend, Urban legends are spread by any media, including newspapers, e-mail and social media. In America in 1938 a radio dramatization of The War of the Worlds supposedly caused mass panic, in 2005, a widespread legend claimed that a large percentage of people have a biological father who is not their assumed father. Some urban legends have passed through the years only minor changes to suit regional variations. More recent legends tend to reflect modern circumstances, like the story of people ambushed and anesthetized, who awaken minus one kidney, the term urban legend, as used by folklorists, has appeared in print since at least 1968. Jan Harold Brunvand, professor of English at the University of Utah, many urban legends are framed as complete stories with plot and characters. The compelling appeal of an urban legend is its elements of mystery, horror. Often they serve as cautionary tales, some urban legends are morality tales that depict someone, usually a child, acting in a disagreeable manner, only to wind up in trouble, hurt, or dead. As Jan Brunvand points out antecedent legends including some of the motifs, themes, the teller of an urban legend may claim it happened to a friend, which serves to personalize, authenticate and enhance the power of the narrative while distancing the teller. Many urban legends depict horrific crimes, contaminated foods, or other situations which would affect many people. Anyone believing such stories might feel compelled to warn loved ones, not seldom, news organizations, school officials and even police departments have issued warnings concerning the latest threat. A fax received at the Nassau County, Florida fire department was forwarded to police, even the Minister of Defence for Canada was taken in by the same legend, he forwarded an urgent security warning to all Ontario Members of Parliament. Many urban legends are essentially extended jokes, told as if they were true events, persistent urban legends often maintain a degree of plausibility, for instance a serial killer deliberately hiding in the back seat of a car. One such example since the 1970s has been the rumor that the Procter & Gamble Company was associated with Satan-worshippers because of details within its nineteenth-century trademark. The legend interrupted the companys business to the point that it stopped using the trademark, the coinage leads in turn to the terms FOAFlore and FOAFtale. Here the authors make a connection between urban legends and popular folklore, such as Grimms Fairy Tales where similar themes and motifs arise
39.
Jimi Hendrix
–
James Marshall Jimi Hendrix was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music, born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the U. S. Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, within months, Hendrix had earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience, Hey Joe, Purple Haze, and The Wind Cries Mary. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and electric blues and he favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was instrumental in utilizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He helped to popularize the use of a pedal in mainstream rock. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone commented, Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as a sound source. Hendrix was the recipient of several awards during his lifetime. In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, disc and Music Echo honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970, Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, Jimi Hendrix was of African American descent. Both his mother Lucille and father Al were African Americans and his paternal grandmother, Zenora Nora Rose Moore, was African American and one-quarter Cherokee. On June 10,1919, Hendrix and Moore had a son they named James Allen Ross Hendrix, in 1941, Al met Lucille Jeter at a dance in Seattle, they married on March 31,1942. Al, who had been drafted by the U. S. Army to serve in World War II, Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27,1942, in Seattle, he was the first of Lucilles five children. In 1946, Johnnys parents changed his name to James Marshall Hendrix, in honor of Al and he spent two months locked up without trial, and while in the stockade received a telegram announcing his sons birth. During Als three-year absence, Lucille struggled to raise their son, when Al was away, Hendrix was mostly cared for by family members and friends, especially Lucilles sister Delores Hall and her friend Dorothy Harding. Al received a discharge from the U. S. Army on September 1,1945. After returning from service, Al reunited with Lucille, but his inability to find steady work left the family impoverished and they both struggled with alcohol, and often fought when intoxicated. The violence sometimes drove Hendrix to withdraw and hide in a closet in their home and his relationship with his brother Leon was close but precarious, with Leon in and out of foster care, they lived with an almost constant threat of fraternal separation. In addition to Leon, Hendrix had three siblings, Joseph, born in 1949, Kathy in 1950, and Pamela,1951, all of whom Al and Lucille gave up to foster care
