The Joint State Political Directorate (JSPD) (OGPU; Russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление, romanized: Ob"yedinyonnoye gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravleniye) was the intelligence and state security service and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1934.

Secret police are police, intelligence, or security agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, religious, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. They protect the political power of a dictator or regime and often operate outside the law to repress dissidents and weaken political opposition, frequently using violence. They may enjoy legal sanction to hold and charge suspects without ever identifying their organization.