The Jolly Roger was the ensign flown by a pirate ship preceding or during an attack, during the early 18th century. The vast majority of such flags flew the motif of a human skull, or "Death's Head",
Painting showing a French First Republic privateer flying a black Jolly Roger, signed and dated "Nicolas Cammillieri pinxit 1811", with the inscription: "On the 14 Germinal year 7 of the French Republic (3 April 1796), in the Bay of Colonia on the coast of Spain, 4-hour long fight of the privateer Mouche, armed with an 8-pounder swivel gun, under Captain Jean Adrian, against a 16-nine-pounder gun cutter, to recapture the prize called Lavantoroso (?) which said privateer had captured the previous night while [the cutter] was escorting [the contested prize]".
This red flag, captured by the Royal Navy in 1780 and now on display at the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth, is another example of a Jolly Roger flag.
1725 woodcut of Bartholomew Roberts with a Jolly Roger in Charles Johnson's A General History of the Pyrates
The personnel of the British submarine HMS Utmost showing off their Jolly Roger in February 1942. The markings on the flag indicate the boat's achievements: nine ships torpedoed (including one warship), eight 'cloak and dagger' operations, one target destroyed by gunfire, and one at-sea rescue
Bartholomew Roberts was a Welsh pirate who was, measured by vessels captured, the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy. During his piratical career, he took over 400 prize ships, althoug
Jolly Roger
…Britain in 1724 and in fact has no connection to the given name Roger. Johnson specifically cites two pirates as having named their flag "Jolly Roger": Bartholomew Roberts in June 1721 and Francis Spriggs in December 1723. While Spriggs and Roberts used the same name for their flags, their flag designs were very different…
Bart Roberts' memorial stone in Casnewydd Bach
The death of Captain Howell Davis in an ambush on Príncipe
Roberts at Ouidah, now in Benin, West Africa, with his ship and captured merchantmen in the background.