1.
Order of the British Empire
–
There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
Order of the British Empire
–
Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Order of the British Empire
–
MBE as awarded in 1918
Order of the British Empire
–
Close up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Order of the British Empire
–
Lieutenant General Sir
Robert Fulton, KBE
2.
San Diego Comic-Con International
–
San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Signs outside Hall H
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Comic-Con International: San Diego: Creator
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Comic Con crowds in 2011 as seen from a helicopter – Panorama.
San Diego Comic-Con International
–
Comic-Con crowd inside the second floor of the convention center in 2011 awaiting the exhibition hall to open.
3.
St Pancras, London
–
St Pancras is an area of central London. The district now encompassed by the term St Pancras is not easy to define, the name is sometimes applied to the immediate vicinity of the eponymous railway station, but Kings Cross is the usual name for the area around the two mainline stations as a whole. However, as the choice of name for the borough suggests, the original focus of the area was the church, now known by the retronym of St Pancras Old Church. The building is in the half of the parish, and is believed by many to be one of the oldest sites of Christian worship in Great Britain. However, in the 14th century the population moved en masse to Kentish Town, probably due to flooding by the River Fleet and the availability of better wells at the new location. A chapel of ease was established there, and the old settlement was abandoned, except for a few farms, in the 1790s Earl Camden began to develop some fields to the north and west of the old church as Camden Town. About the same time, a district was built to the south and east of the church. In 1822 the new church of St Pancras was dedicated as the parish church, the site was chosen on what was then called the New Road, now Euston Road, which had been built as Londons first bypass, the M25 of its day. The two sites are about a kilometer apart, the new church is Grade I listed for its Greek Revival style, the old church was rebuilt in 1847. In the mid 19th century two major stations were built to the south of the Old Church, first Kings Cross. The new church is closer to Euston Station, by the end of the nineteenth century the ancient parish had been divided into 37 parishes, including one for the old church. The parish of St Pancras was administered by a vestry until the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras was established in 1900, in 1965 the former area of the borough was combined with that of two others to form the London Borough of Camden. Georges Church, Bloomsbury, and St George the Martyr, Holborn and these were all closed under the Extramural Interment Act in 1854, the parish was required to purchase land some distance away, and chose East Finchley for its new St Pancras Cemetery. The disused graveyard at St Pancras Old Church was left alone for over thirty years, Thomas Hardy, then a junior architect and later a novelist and poet, was involved in this work. Particularly, he placed a number of gravestones around a tree, the cemetery was disturbed again in 2002-03 by the construction of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, but much more care was given to the removal of remains than in the 19th century. The name St Pancras survives in the name of the parliamentary constituency, Holborn. Old St Pancras Church and its graveyard have links to Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, immediately to the north of the churchyard is St Pancras Hospital, originally the parish workhouse and latterly the London Hospital for Tropical Diseases. St Pancras is one of the railway stations in England
St Pancras, London
–
British Library,
station and
Euston Road in 2009
St Pancras, London
–
Old St Pancras Parish Church.
St Pancras, London
–
The Hardy Tree, growing between gravestones moved while
Thomas Hardy was working here
4.
England
–
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
England
–
Stonehenge, a
Neolithic monument
England
–
Flag
England
–
Boudica led an uprising against the
Roman Empire
England
–
Replica of a 7th-century ceremonial
helmet from the
Kingdom of East Anglia, found at
Sutton Hoo
5.
Southampton Solent University
–
Southampton Solent University is a public university based in Southampton, United Kingdom. Its main campus is located on East Park Terrace near the city centre, Solent University students are represented by Solent Students Union, which is based on the East Park Terrace campus. The universitys origins can be traced back to a private School of Art founded in 1856, mergers with the Southampton College of Technology, and later the College of Nautical Studies at Warsash, led to the establishment of the Southampton Institute of Higher Education in 1984. Southampton Institute became a university on 12 July 2005, adopting its current name on 15 August 2005, prior to 2005, students at Southampton Institute received degrees awarded by Nottingham Trent University. In 2015 the University came to an agreement with New College of the Humanities, Southampton Solent University has two campus, one of them is the City Campus, and the other one is the Warsash Maritime Academy. Southampton Solent University has a location facing East Park in the centre of the city of Southampton on the south coast of England in the UK, Warsash Maritime Academy is located on the eastern bank of the Hamble River overlooking Southampton Water. The University has six major student Halls complexes, Chantry Deanery Emily Davies Hamwic Kimber Lucia Foster Welch All are located away from the teaching buildings. Southampton Solent universitys maritime courses have been ranked among the best in the world, the university conducts undergraduate and post graduate level courses on Maritime Business, Supply chain management, Logistics and Maritime law. The university also has courses on media, marketing, sports and it works with local business and professional bodies. The student yachting team has consisted of Olympians and are previous world champions. Other courses at the university with a reputation amongst academics include Journalism and Photography. Southampton Solent University continues to offer research degree awards validated by the Nottingham Trent University, Southampton Solent ranks 57th out of 90 universities in Media courses. Established in 1965 the Union forms a part of student representation within the University. It is a full member of National Union of Students. There are many clubs and societies which are funded through the Union, entertainment is provided on site by the Union, running a fully licensed bar and catering operation hosting balls, themed nights and with various social meetings taking place throughout the year. The Students Union holds many events over the year including the Freshers Ball, Graduation Ball. The student union has for years played an integral part of the student scene on campus within its Commercial Services / Catering departments offering students the opportunity to earn money. The Union now has a Trustee Board to govern and work alongside the University Board of Governors, the first President was Zyg Nilski in 1965 until 1966 under the name of Southampton College of Technology Students Union
Southampton Solent University
–
Southampton Solent University (
Emblem)
6.
School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies
–
The UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies is a school of University College London specialised in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia. It has links with universities both across Europe and globally, the School was inaugurated in London in 1915, as a department of Kings College London, by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who later became President of Czechoslovakia. In 1932 the School became an Institute of the University of London, in 1999 the School merged with University College London. In 2012/2013 the School had over 200 graduate students studying taught MA degrees or undertaking PhD research, in addition the School has over 600 undergraduate students. Along with its undergraduate and graduate teaching, the School enjoys a reputation for the quality of its interdisciplinary research. It is an international centre for training the next generation of regional specialists, through a combination of academic rigour. The library is one of the research collections in Britain for the study of Central and Eastern Europe. Subsidiary fields of interest are the arts in general, demography, ethnography, material is also collected on the former German Democratic Republic, the history of Germany and Austria, the Lusatian Sorbs, and Slavonic and Ugro-Finnic studies in general. The school moved to the building in the summer of 2005 after nearly 90 years at Senate House, václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic, delivered the keynote address of his visit to the UK at a ceremony to open the building in October 2005. Following Klauss address, the Princess Royal unveiled the stone to mark the opening of the building. The building was designed by award-winning architects Short and Associates
School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies
–
UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies
–
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies
–
R.W. Seton-Watson
School of Slavonic and Eastern European Studies
–
Jonathan Ross
7.
BBC
–
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used
BBC
–
BBC Television Centre at
White City, West London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013
BBC
–
BBC Pacific Quay in
Glasgow, which was opened in 2007
BBC
–
BBC New Broadcasting House, London which came into use during 2012–13.
BBC
–
The headquarters of the BBC at
Broadcasting House in
Portland Place, London, England. This section of the building is called 'Old Broadcasting House'.
8.
ITV (TV network)
–
ITV is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom. Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 its legal name has been Channel 3, to distinguish it from the analogue channels at the time, namely BBC1, BBC2. ITV is a network of channels that operate regional television services as well as sharing programmes between each other to be displayed on the entire network. In recent years, several of companies have merged so currently the fifteen franchises are in the hands of two companies. With the exception of Northern Ireland, the ITV brand is the used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas. In Northern Ireland, ITV plc uses the brand name UTV, STV Group plc, uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland. The origins of ITV lie in the passing of the Television Act 1954, the act created the Independent Television Authority to heavily regulate the industry and to award franchises. The first six franchises were awarded in 1954 for London, the Midlands, the first ITV network to launch was Londons Associated-Rediffusion on 22 September 1955, with the Midlands and North services launching in February 1956 and May 1956 respectively. Following these launches, the ITA awarded more franchises until the country was covered by fourteen regional stations. Following the 1993 changes, ITV as a network began to consolidate with several companies doing so to save money by ceasing the duplication of services present when they were all separate companies. The ITV Network is not owned or operated by one company, since 2016 the fifteen licences are held by two companies, with the majority held by ITV Broadcasting Limited, part of ITV plc. The network is regulated by the media regulator Ofcom who is responsible for awarding the broadcast licences, the last major review of the Channel 3 franchises was in 1991, with all operators licences having been renewed between 1999 and 2002 and again from 2014 without a further contest. However, due to amalgamation of several of companies since the creation of ITV Network Limited. Approved by Ofcom, this results in ITV plc commissioning and funding the network schedule, all licensees have the right to opt out of network programming, however many do not due to pressures from the parent company or because of limited resources. The network also needs to produce accessible output containing subtitles, signing, in exchange for this programming, the ITV network is available on all platforms free to air and can be found at the top of the EPG of all providers. Since the launch of the platform in 1998, all of the ITV licensees have received gifted capacity on the terrestrial television platform. At present, the companies are able to broadcast additional channels and all choose to broadcast the ITV plc owned ITV2, ITV3, ITV4 and CITV in their region. UTV and STV previously broadcast their own services – UTV2 in Northern Ireland and S2 in central and northern Scotland – until 2002, the broadcasters all make use of the Digital 3&4 multiplex, shared with Channel 4
ITV (TV network)
–
The London Studios near Waterloo was originally the base for the ITV London weekend contractor
LWT but is now ITV's main London headquarters.
ITV (TV network)
–
ITV
ITV (TV network)
–
Granada Studios was the oldest TV studios in the UK, having been built in 1954 to house the broadcaster of the
same name. The studios were closed in June 2013. Granada is the only franchise to remain an ITV contractor since creation in 1954.
ITV (TV network)
–
The Leeds Studios, used by
ITV Yorkshire. Each ITV region originally had its own studios, however the rise of publisher-broadcasters like
Carlton Television and the takeover of regions caused several studios to be closed.
9.
Friday Night with Jonathan Ross
–
Friday Night with Jonathan Ross was a British chat show presented by Jonathan Ross. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 2 November 2001, the programme featured Rosss take on current topics of conversation, guest interviews and live music from both a guest music group and the house band. The show began its series in January 2010, and ended on 16 July 2010. The most frequent guests were Ricky Gervais and Jack Dee, Eddie Izzard, Jeremy Clarkson, johnny Vegas, David Attenborough, Stephen Fry, Damon Albarn and Simon Pegg all appeared in five episodes and Robbie Williams in four episodes. Since 2009 until its ending, the programme was broadcast in high definition on BBC HD. Studio TC4 in the BBC Television Centre in London, where the show was made, was upgraded to HD, making it the third television studio in Television Centre to be upgraded to HD. The show was pulled by the BBC on 29 October 2008 when Ross, the show returned on 23 January 2009, attracting 5.1 million viewers. The final 275th episode was broadcast on 16 July 2010, on 12 June 2009, the show began airing in the United States on BBC America at 8pm EST. In 2010, it started airing on the UKTV channel in Australia. In June 2010, it was announced that Ross would be moving to ITV to host a new Saturday-night chat show, The Jonathan Ross Show, the show was usually recorded in Studio TC4 at the BBC Television Centre in London. The house band 4 Poofs and a Piano provided musical backing, the show used to be recorded on a Thursday, but after his return from the Russell Brand incident, it was recorded on a Tuesday, leading to the show having much less topical humour. The house band consisted of Stephen de Martin, Ian Parkin, David Roper, each episode they would wear identical T-shirts featuring the face of a guest at the cente. Every time a guest enters the studio, the band perform a segment of a song. At the beginning of each show Jonathan Ross, would segue from his monologue with a homosexual innuendo about the group, there have been a number of recurring themes on Friday Night. For instance, Ross often jokes about the age of veteran TV presenter Bruce Forsyth and this culminated in Forsyth appearing in the opening segment of the show broadcast on 30 November 2007, to supposedly take over as the shows presenter. Ross then appeared and called Tess Daly to supervise Forsyth safely out, Ross has also often made jokes about Heather Mills, the ex-wife of Paul McCartney. During a GMTV interview in October 2007, Mills complained about comments made by Ross, at the beginning of the show, between guests and during interviews Ross often recounted incidents involving his wife, children and pets. He also referred to items in the news and demonstrates amusing products and his guests were seen at the start of the show sitting in the green room and Ross preceded the introduction of each by asking the audience shall I get my first/next guest out
Friday Night with Jonathan Ross
–
Friday Night with Jonathan Ross
Friday Night with Jonathan Ross
–
Jonathan Ross at the BAFTA Awards in 2009
10.
The Jonathan Ross Show
–
The Jonathan Ross Show is a British chat show presented by Jonathan Ross. It was first broadcast on ITV on 3 September 2011 and airs on Saturday evenings following the conclusion of Ross BBC One chat show, Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, in July 2010. The show is filmed at The London Studios, except for one episode in 2013 which was filmed at BBC Television Centre, in November 2011, it was announced that Ross had signed a new two-year contract to host another two series of 10 episodes and a Christmas special. A year later, the show was renewed for a fourth series to air in 2013. In March 2013, Ross bemoaned his declining ratings due to a selection of guests. He also confirmed that series 4 had been extended and that he had signed to present one more series of 30 episodes, in July 2013, despite previous announcements that the show would end in late 2013, ITV commissioned two more series to air in 2014. In May 2014, Ross stated that, as of the seventh series, on 20 October 2014, ITV announced that Ross had signed a new contract to continue his show until the end of 2015, consisting of two series and a Christmas special. ITVs Director of Entertainment and Comedy, Elaine Bedell said, Jonathan is the king of talk shows and he continues to attract the biggest names in showbiz onto his sofa and I am delighted that he will remain on the channel until at least the end of 2015. However unlike previous series there will be no new episodes continuing into the new year of 2017, the show will return in the autumn of 2017 for its 12th series. The Jonathan Ross Show has broadcast eleven series since its debut in 2011, series 11 premiered on 10 September 2016. In Australia, series 1 started airing on ABC1 from 9 September 2011, series 2 started on 14 January 2012. In New Zealand, series 1 started airing on TV One from 16 September 2011, the subsequent Christmas special screened on 30 December 2011. In Sweden, series 1 started airing on SVT1 from 15 October 2011, series 2 started from 14 January 2012. In 2014, the show started airing in the Republic of Ireland on the Irish television channel 3E, a channel of Irelands major independent channel TV3. Since 24 January 2015, the show now airs on UTV Ireland at the time as the ITV broadcast on Saturday nights. As of December 2014, the show airs Saturday nights on the Cinémoi cable channel in the United States, Friday Night with Jonathan Ross The Jonathan Ross Show at itv
The Jonathan Ross Show
–
The Jonathan Ross Show
11.
Jane Goldman
–
Jane Loretta Anne Goldman is an English screenwriter, author and producer. She is mostly known for co-writing, with Matthew Vaughn, the screenplays of Kingsman, The Secret Service, X-Men, First Class, Kick-Ass, both met high critical praise for their partnership works. The Woman in Black is the first solo screenplay by Goldman, Goldman worked on the story of X-Men, Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class, and on the screenplay of Kingsman, The Secret Service. Both films were partnerships with Matthew Vaughn, Goldman also wrote the script for Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children, a 2016 film adaption of the novel, for Tim Burton. As a journalist, Goldman worked on newspapers and magazines such as Just Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, The Times, Evening Standard, Zero, Daily Star, Total Guitar, Game Zone, at the age of 19, she became a freelance writer. Between 2003 and 2004 she had her own television series, Jane Goldman Investigates researched about the paranormal and was transmitted by channel Living. Goldman is also in the team of a number of TV shows. She made the jump to screenwriting, and was a part of the team for David Baddiels short-lived sitcom Baddiels Syndrome. Later, she co-wrote the screenplay of Stardust, based on the novel by Neil Gaiman. Gaiman introduced Goldman to Vaughn to provide the director some help with the adaptation process, the film received many accolades and gave the screenwriters a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. After Stardust, Goldman became a frequent collaborator of director Matthew Vaughn, co-writing his next films, both films met strong praise amongst film critics. Kick-Ass enjoys a cult following and X-Men, First Class is considered by critics the best of all X-Men films up to now. Rotten Tomatoes consensus says, With a strong script, stylish direction, Goldman also adapted for Hammer The Woman in Black, based on Susan Hills horror novel. This film was directed by James Watkins and it is the first solo screenplay by Goldman and it was released in 2012 and met positive reviews. In March 2013, The Woman in Black won the Empire Award for Best Horror and she is credited on X-Men, Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class, as writing the story with Matthew Vaughn and Simon Kinberg. With Vaughn, Goldman co-wrote the script for Kingsman, The Secret Service, based on the book by Mark Millar. She wrote the script for Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children, an adaptation of the Ransom Riggs novel of the same name, Goldman is attached to various upcoming projects, among them are, Nonplayer, an adaptation of the sci-fi comic book by Nate Simpson for Warner Bros. Alongside her husband, broadcaster Jonathan Ross, Goldman appeared as a character in Neil Gaimans short story The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch in 1996, Gaiman is a personal friend of the couple
Jane Goldman
–
Goldman at the 2009
British Academy Television Awards
12.
BBC One
–
BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service and it was renamed BBC TV in 1960, using this name until the launch of sister channel BBC2 in 1964, whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1, with the current spelling adopted in 1997. The channels annual budget for 2012–13 is £1.14 billion, the channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBCs other domestic television stations, and therefore shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising. It is currently the most watched channel in the United Kingdom, ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership. As of June 2013 the channel controller for BBC One is Charlotte Moore, the BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15,00, Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, Good afternoon everybody. Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh, the Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later. The competition quickly forced the channel to change its identity and priorities following a reduction in its audience. The 1962 Pilkington Report on the future of broadcasting noticed this, and it therefore decided that Britains third television station should be awarded to the BBC. The station, renamed BBC TV in 1960, became BBC1 when BBC2 was launched on 20 April 1964 transmitting an incompatible 625-line image on UHF. The only way to all channels was to use a complex dual-standard 405- and 625-line, VHF and UHF, receiver. Old 405-line-only sets became obsolete in 1985, when transmission in the standard ended, although standards converters have become available for enthusiasts who collect, BBC1 was based at the purpose-built BBC Television Centre at White City, London between 1960 and 2013. In the weeks leading up to 15 November 1969, BBC1 unofficially transmitted the occasional programme in its new colour system, to test it. At midnight on 15 November, simultaneously with ITV and two years after BBC2, BBC1 officially began 625-line PAL colour programming on UHF with a broadcast of a concert by Petula Clark, colour transmissions could be received on monochrome 625-line sets until the end of analogue broadcasting. In terms of share, the most successful period for BBC1 was under Bryan Cowgill between 1973 and 1977, when the channel achieved an average audience share of 45%. On 30 December 1980, the BBC announced their intention to introduce a new breakfast television service to compete with TV-am. On 17 January 1983, the first edition of Breakfast Time was shown on BBC One, becoming the first UK wide breakfast television service and continued to lead in the rating until 1984. The first major overhaul was to axe the deeply unpopular Sixty Minutes current affairs programme and its replacement was the BBC Six OClock News, a straight new programme in a bid to shore up its failing early evening slot
BBC One
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Replica of an Emitron camera used to make the earliest 405-line programmes broadcast on the channel
BBC One
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Logo of BBC1 from 16 February 1991 to 4 October 1997
BBC One
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The BBC One 'Hippos' ident
13.
BBC Radio 2
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BBC Radio 2 is one of the BBCs national radio stations and the most popular station in the United Kingdom. Much of its daytime playlist-based programming is best described as contemporary or AOR. Radio 2 broadcasts throughout the UK on FM between 88.1 and 90.2 MHz from studios in Wogan House, adjacent to Broadcasting House in central London. Programmes are relayed on radio via DAB, Sky, Cable TV, IPTV, Freeview, Freesat. The station was launched at 05,30 on 30 September 1967, the first show had started at 05,30 am but continued with Breakfast Special from Paul Hollingdale as Radio 1 split. In early years, much programming and music was common to stations, particularly on the shared FM frequency. Radio 2 became the first national 24-hour radio station in the UK in 1979, the stations policy remained stable with only minor changes until April 1986 when Frances Line, head of music, repositioned the station. She would become Controller in 1990, although popular with its target audience, the policy alienated many younger listeners who had listened to both Radio 1 and Radio 2 and the stations audience fell. It took another hit in 1990 when it lost its medium wave frequencies to a new network, BBC Radio 5, further blows were struck by the rise of album-rock commercial stations and gold spinoffs from Independent Local Radio stations playing classic pop and rock. With the stations audience in decline a change of emphasis was needed, Line was replaced by James Moir in 1996. Unlike the early-1990s repositioning of Radio 1 in which the BBC lost many well-known names, many former Radio 1 presenters stayed with the BBC, Radio 2 is now termed the nations favourite, a title the BBC formerly used for BBC Radio 1. As well as having most listeners nationally, it ranks first in regions above local radio stations. BBC Radio 2 played to 27% of the audience in 2006. In February 2007, Radio 2 recruited Jeff Smith, director of UK and International programming at Napster, Smith joined the network on 26 March. The licence fee funding of Radio 2, alongside Radio 1, is criticised by the commercial sector. In the first quarter of 2011, Radio 2 was part of a review conducted by John Myers. His role, according to Andrew Harrison, the executive of RadioCentre, was to identify both areas of best practice and possible savings. This coincided with the launch of a new jingle package produced by Godfrey in association with Wise Buddah Productions, Radio 2 has recently been running several pop-up DAB services to cover special events, the first being BBC Radio 2 Eurovision, providing coverage of the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
BBC Radio 2
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BBC Radio 2
14.
British Comedy Awards
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The British Comedy Awards was an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom celebrating notable comedians and entertainment performances of the previous year. Jonathan Ross announced that he would not be presenting the 2008 awards, the 2007 show occurred on 6 December 2007, but was not televised due to the 2005 controversy and subsequent investigations. The following years ceremony was shown live on 6 December 2008, Compliance for the show was the responsibility of the ITV Compliance Unit of ITV Network Limited. In June 2010, it was announced that awards were to be broadcast on Channel 4 for three years, which was extended for one more year. Shortly afterwards, the 2010 ceremony was postponed until the 2010 ceremony finally aired in January 2011, in June 2015 Channel 4 announced they would be dropping the ceremony. The 2015 ceremony was cancelled due to a lack of a suitable broadcast partner. A new broadcast partner is being lined up for the 2016 ceremony, at the 2005 British Comedy Awards show, the wrong show received the Peoples Choice Award. Charged by the show with investigating the allegations of irregularities. It was understood that he would be if the recipients were Anthony McPartlin. In order to ensure his attendance, this assurance was given, but it could not be definitively established that Williams involvement led to the wrong winner being announced. Ant & Decs Saturday Night Takeaway did however receive the Peoples Choice Award at the British Comedy Awards 2006, beginning on 26 July 2007, British tabloid newspapers reported the alleged involvement of the British Comedy Awards in the 2007 British television phone-in scandal. ITV announced that they postponed the British Comedy Awards 2007 due to the voting irregularities, in a statement, the company said, Pending conclusion of the investigation, broadcast of the British Comedy Awards 2007 will be postponed. ITV will not make any comment regarding this matter until the conclusion of the investigation. The 2007 awards did take place on 5 December 2007, in early May 2008 Ofcom announced its fining and sanctioning ITV plc in a press release. On 15 August 2008, it was announced that a scandal could have been committed in the award ceremony at the 2004 Awards. Angus Deayton replaced Jonathan Ross as the host of the British Comedy Awards, Ross returned to presenting the awards in 2009. Best Comedy Panel Show, Would I Lie to You, British Comedy Awards at British Comedy Guide
British Comedy Awards
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British Comedy Awards 2006 Logo
15.
Channel 4
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Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, before Channel 4 and S4C, Britain had three terrestrial television services, BBC1, BBC2, and ITV. The Broadcasting Act 1980 began the process of adding a fourth, after some months of test broadcasts, it began scheduled transmissions on 2 November 1982. Indeed, television sets throughout the 1970s and early 1980s had a spare channel called ITV/IBA2. It was most likely politics which had the biggest impact in leading to a delay of almost three decades before the commercial channel became a reality. The campaign was taken so seriously by Gwynfor Evans, former president of Plaid Cymru, the result was that Channel 4 as seen by the rest of the United Kingdom would be replaced in Wales by Sianel Pedwar Cymru. Operated by a specially created authority, S4C would air programmes in Welsh made by HTV, since then, carriage on digital cable, satellite and digital terrestrial has introduced Channel 4 to Welsh homes where it is now universally available. The first programme to air on the channel was the game show Countdown. The first person to be seen on Channel 4 was Richard Whiteley with Ted Moult being the second, the first woman on the channel, contrary to popular belief, was not Carol Vorderman and was a lexicographer only ever identified as Mary. Whiteley opened the show with the words, On its first day, Channel 4 also broadcast controversial soap opera Brookside, which ran until 2003. On its launch, Channel 4 committed itself to providing an alternative to the existing channels, Channel 4 co-commissioned Robert Ashleys ground-breaking television opera Perfect Lives, which it premiered over several episodes in 1984. The channel often did not receive mass audiences for much of period, however. Channel 4 for many years had a poorer quality signal compared to other channels, Channel 4 also began the funding of independent films, such as the Merchant-Ivory docudrama The Courtesans of Bombay, during this time. In 1992, Channel 4 also faced its first libel case by Jani Allan, a South African journalist, who objected to her representation in the documentary The Leader, His Driver and the Drivers Wife. After control of the station passed from the Channel Four Television Company to the Channel Four Television Corporation in 1993, instead of aiming for the fringes of society, it began to focus on the edges of the mainstream, and the centre of the mass market itself. It began to show many US programmes in peak viewing time and it gave such shows as Friends and ER their UK premières. In the early 2000s, Channel 4 began broadcasting reality formats such as Big Brother and obtained the rights to broadcast mass appeal sporting events like cricket and this new direction increased ratings and revenues. In addition, the corporation launched a number of new channels through its new 4Ventures offshoot, including Film4, At the Races, E4
Channel 4
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Channel 4
16.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
–
The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
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The BAFTA award, designed by Mitzi Cunliffe
17.
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
–
There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
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Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
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MBE as awarded in 1918
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
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Close up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Officer of the Order of the British Empire
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Lieutenant General Sir
Robert Fulton, KBE
18.
Turf (Image Comics)
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Turf is a five-issue comic book limited series, written by Jonathan Ross, illustrated by Tommy Lee Edwards and published by Image Comics. The story was published by Image Comics and then serialised in CLiNT. The narrative is set in 1920s Prohibition-era New York and features period typical gangsters alongside vampires, Ross himself, describes the comic as, The first 20,000 copies of issue 1 sold out on pre-orders alone. In interview, Ross has said that he intends the mini-series to run for five issues, eventually being released in a collection and potentially a film adaptation. The series was collected into a volume, Turf Smart. Turf by Jonathan Ross & Tommy Lee Edwards – review
Turf (Image Comics)
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Cover of Turf 1 (April 2010). Art by
Tommy Lee Edwards.
19.
Leytonstone
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Leytonstone /ˈleɪtənˌstoʊn/ is an area of East London, and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest. It is an area, located seven miles north-east of Charing Cross in Greater London. It borders Walthamstow to the north-west, Wanstead to the north, Leyton to the south, the area is served by Leytonstone tube station on the Central line & Leytonstone High Road on London Overgrounds Gospel Oak to Barking line. The main thoroughfare, High Road Leytonstone, running the length of Leytonstone to Stratford, is an ancient pathway dating to pre-Roman times, Roman archaeological features have been found in the area. There was a Roman cemetery south of Blind Lane, and massive foundations of some Roman building, two of the obelisks inscriptions are still just legible, others are not. To Epping XI Miles through Woodford, Loughton To Ongar XV Miles through Woodford Bridge, Chigwell, Leytonstone was the centre of protests against the construction of the M11 link road, in the early 1990s. Leytonstone was part of the ancient parish of Leyton in the Becontree Hundred of Essex, for ecclesiastical purposes it constituted a separate parish from 1845. The parish of Leyton formed part of the West Ham Poor law union, in 1894 it became part of the Leyton Urban District, which was incorporated in 1926 as the Municipal Borough of Leyton. Leytonstone became part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest in 1965 upon the creation of Greater London, the area is part of the Leyton and Wanstead constituency. As of May 2010, John Cryer has held the seat for the Labour Party, for elections to the London Assembly it is part of the North East constituency and the AM is Jennette Arnold of the Labour Party. It is part of the London constituency for elections to the European Parliament, Leytonstone High Road was a Roman track from London to Epping Forest. This route became important for long distance coaches from the 14th century, in the 1960s there was a problem of congestion around the shopping streets in Leytonstone, a problem which continues with the one way system today. In the 1990s the M11 link road was built through the area despite a long running protest by locals and this and other protests led to the Conservative policy, Roads for Prosperity, being abandoned. Leytonstone tube station is on the Central line of the London Underground, Leytonstone High Road is a London Overground railway station. The Wanderers F. C. also originated from Leytonstone but played in other venues round London. EDF Energy Networks is the Distribution network operator licensed to distribute electricity from the grid to homes and businesses in Leytonstone. Whipps Cross University Hospital, on Whipps Cross road, is a University Hospital administrated by Whipps Cross University Hospital NHS Trust, London Ambulance Service responds to medical emergencies in Leytonstone. Home Office policing in Leytonstone is provided by the Metropolitan Police Service, statutory emergency fire service is provided by the London Fire Brigade, with Leytonstone Fire Station on Leytonstone High Road
Leytonstone
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The stone and obelisk
Leytonstone
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Church of St John the Baptist
Leytonstone
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Leytonstone Fire Station
20.
Breakfast cereal
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Breakfast cereal is a food product made from processed grains that is often eaten as the first meal of the day. It is eaten hot or cold, usually mixed with milk, yogurt, some companies promote their products for the health benefits from eating oat-based and high-fiber cereals. In America, cereals are often fortified with vitamins, a significant proportion of cold cereals are made with high sugar content. Many breakfast cereals are produced via extrusion, the breakfast cereal industry has gross profit margins of 40-45%, 90% penetration in some markets, and steady and continued growth throughout its history. The number of different types of breakfast cereals in the U. S. has grown from 160 to 340 to 4,945, Porridge was a traditional food in much of Northern Europe and Russia back to antiquity. Barley was a common grain used, though other grains and yellow peas could be used, in many modern cultures, porridge is still eaten as a breakfast dish. North American natives had found a way to make ground corn palatable, later called grits, while this became a staple in the southern U. S. grits never gained a hold in the northern states. Food reformers in the 19th century called for cutting back on meat consumption at breakfast. Ferdinand Schumacher, a German immigrant, began the revolution in 1854 with a hand oats grinder in the back room of a small store in, Akron. His German Mills American Oatmeal Company was the nations first commercial oatmeal manufacturer and he marketed the product locally as a substitute for breakfast pork. Improved production technology, combined with an influx of German and Irish immigrants, quickly boosted sales, in 1877, Schumacher adopted the Quaker symbol, the first registered trademark for a breakfast cereal. The acceptance of food for human consumption encouraged other entrepreneurs to enter the industry. Henry Parsons Crowell started operations in 1882, and John Robert Stuart in 1885, Crowell cut costs by consolidating every step of the processing—grading, cleaning, hulling, cutting, rolling, packaging, and shipping—in one factory operating at Ravenna, Ohio. Stuart operated mills in Chicago and Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Stuart and Crowell combined in 1885 and initiated a price war. After a fire at his mill in Akron, Schumacher joined Stuart, the American Cereal Company created a cereal made from oats in 1877, manufacturing the product in Akron, Ohio. Separately, in 1888, a trust or holding company combined the nations seven largest mills into the American Cereal Company using the Quaker Oats brand name. By 1900 technology, entrepreneurship, and the Man in Quaker Garb—a symbol of honesty and reliability—gave Quaker Oats a national market. Early in the 20th century, the Quaker Oats Company jumped into the world market, Schumacher, the innovator, Stuart, the manager and financial leader and Crowell, the creative merchandiser, advertiser, and promoter, doubled sales every decade
Breakfast cereal
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Cold breakfast cereal with milk and
raspberries
Breakfast cereal
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A bowl of
corn flakes with milk.
Breakfast cereal
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1910 Kellogg's Corn Flakes advertisement
Breakfast cereal
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Breakfast cereal primarily marketed to children, such as
Froot Loops, is commonly brightly colored and high in sugar.
21.
Laundry detergent
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While detergent is still sold in powdered form, liquid detergents have been taking major market shares in many countries since their introduction in the 1950s. Laundry detergent pods have also sold within the United States since 2012 when they were introduced by Procter & Gamble as Tide Pods. Earlier instances of laundry detergent pods include Salvo tablets sold in the 1960s and 1970s, from ancient times, chemical additives were used to facilitate the mechanical washing of clothing with water. The Italians used a mix of sulfur and water with charcoal to clean cloth, egyptians added ashes and silicates to soften water. The detergent effects of certain synthetic surfactants were noted in Germany in 1917, such detergents were mainly used in industry until after World War II. By then, new developments and the conversion of aviation fuel plants to produce tetrapropylene, used in household detergents. The use of enzymes for laundry was introduced in the part of the 1900s by Otto Rohm. Only in the part of the century with the availability of thermally robust bacterial enzymes did this technology become mainstream. Soap is, by weight, relatively ineffective and it is sensitive to deactivation by hard water. By the 1950s, soap had almost been completely replaced by branched alkylbenzenesulfonates, linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, however, proved to be both highly effective in cleaning and more biodegradable than the branched relatives. LABs remain the main detergents used domestically, other detergents that have been developed include the linear alkylsulfonates and olefinsulfonates, which also resist deactivation by hard water. Both remain specialty products, for only an estimated 60 million kilograms of the sodium alkylsulfonates are produced annually. Early in the introduction of sulfonate-based detergents, concerns were voiced over the low rates of biodegradation of the branched alkylbenzenesulfonates and this problem was addressed by the introduction of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates. A more profound problem arose from the use of sodium triphosphate. The discharge of soluble phosphates into natural waters has led to problems with eutrophication, or the growth of living things, of lakes and streams, the replacement of sodium triphosphate by zeolites offers some relief to this problem. With respect to the additives, between 1940 and 1970 the amount of phosphates in city wastewater increased from 20,000 to 150,000 tons per year. They can also indirectly cause oxygen depletion at greater depths, through microbial breakdown of dead algal cells, most modern laundry detergents do not contain phosphates, but bring about water softening using zeolites. In general, laundry detergents contain water softeners, surfactants, bleach, enzymes, brighteners, fragrances, the formulation is strongly affected by the temperature of the cleaning water and varies from country to country
Laundry detergent
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Laundry powder
22.
Persil
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Persil is a brand of laundry detergent made by Henkel, but which is now also licensed for manufacture, distribution, and marketing in several countries by Unilever. Henkel and Unilever both manufacture their own formulations, introduced in 1907, Persil is notable because it was the first commercially available self-activated laundry detergent. The name, Persil, is derived from two of its ingredients, sodium perborate and sodium silicate. It is Unilevers premium brand in Ireland and the United Kingdom, Persil is sold in many forms, with several environment friendly products. The chore of doing the laundry began to change with the introduction of washing powders in the 1880s and these new products originally were simply pulverized soap. New cleaning product marketing successes, such as the 1890s introduction of Gold Dust Washing Powder, Henkel & Cie, founded in Düsseldorf in 1876, decided to pursue this market, and on 6 June 1907 launched its newly developed, first of its kind product, Persil. The manufacturer had found a method to add sodium perborate—a bleaching agent—to its base washing agents, during the washing process, oxygenated perborate forms small bubbles, doing the work of the washboard—saving consumers time and rendering the historic method of sun-bleaching unnecessary. Invented in 1907, Persil is notable because it was the first commercially available self-activated laundry detergent, the creation of Persil was a significant chemical breakthrough. The name, Persil, is derived from two of its ingredients, sodium perborate and silicate. However, the name was deemed unsuitable as an international brand, as it is hard to pronounce in some languages, coincidentally, it is the French word for the herb. Today, Persil is sold in powder, liquid detergent, liquid capsule, liqui-gel, there are biological, non-biological and colour care formulations as well. The Persil line also includes specialist care products for wool and silk items, in the UK, Unilever uses the Persil brand to market a wide range of washing up liquids and dishwasher detergents. Henkel AG manufactures, distributes, and markets Persil in Germany, Poland and most of Europe, Egypt, Lebanon, Persil was introduced to Mexico in 2011. Henkel markets Persil under the name Dixan in Greece, Italy and Cyprus, there are some national markets where both Henkels Persil and Dixan can be found at major retailers. In such cases, the Persil brand name is given priority by Henkel in its marketing, Henkel sells its Persil formulation in France under the name Le Chat, as Unilever owns the license to the Persil trademark in that country. It is marketed as a premium German import that is the officially recommended detergent for its washing machines, due to this exclusive importation status and specialty positioning at appliance dealerships, it retails for up to $40/box CAD. Specialty importers also exist in the U. S, in April 2007, Henkel announced a global relaunching of the Persil brand and packaging to mark its 100th anniversary. Persils other sub-brands were to be redesigned shortly afterward, the anniversary also marked 100 years of self-acting detergents—of which Persil was a pioneer
Persil
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Persil—advertising in
Wismar
Persil
–
Persil
Persil
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The Persil clock in
Köthen, Germany
23.
Leyton Sixth Form College
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Leyton Sixth Form College is a public college located in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The college has achieved the Investors in People Gold Award, one of the most prestigious honors that is obtained by 1% of United Kingdom’s corporations. In April 2013, when Leyton Sixth Form College won the British Colleges Sport’s annual award, yearly course analyses are extensive and burdensome. The college has partnerships with Imperial College London, Queen Mary University of London. All the employees are committed to parity of occasion, executives and educators are thoughtful to the cultural needs of students. The chemistry security policy recognises the head casing worn by many female Muslim students, the college holds more than 2100 full-time students. The largest groups of students are British South Asians and Black British, others include British Arabs and Eastern Europeans. A lot of students are Muslims, in fact, Leyton Sixth Form College serves one of the Great Britains biggest Islamic society of College, Leyton County High School for Boys was formed in 1916 by amalgamation of Leyton and Leytonstone high schools. The school occupied temporary premises at Connaught Road until 1929, when it moved to new buildings in Essex Road, the opening was performed by the Prince of Wales. It was a grammar school for boys aged 11 to 18. The analogue of this school was the Leyton County High School for Girls on Colworth Road, head Master for the school in the 1940-1949 period was Dr Couch, a cousin of Dr Quiller-Couch. He presided over the school while it housed first-year pupils at Ruckholt Road annex, the site is now a car sales outlet. No doubt there was an influx of pupils at the end of the war that could not be accommodated in other Grammar Schools that had damaged in that area of South West Essex. The colleges forty million pounds building project has been finished with all learners being able to access their new opportunities, the brand new state of the art theatre has become the venue for a wide range of high quality drama and musical performances. The colleges purpose built Television studio has been established with industry standard apparatus, the street that now links all institution buildings has also proved to be popular with events as varied as a World Food Day and the annual Higher Education fair taking place in it. The final stage of the scheme embroiled a spacious extension to the existing Meridian House, the Prime Meridian passes through this, which is Hooke’s 10-foot Mural Quadrant. The enlargement now accommodates the Business and Travel departments as well as providing extraordinary new infrastructures for Art, the reconstructing building has provided an egregious new library and an extensive drop-in computer centre, named the Hub and rebuilt Maths and science sectors
Leyton Sixth Form College
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Leyton Sixth Form College
Leyton Sixth Form College
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The main campus on Essex Road.
Leyton Sixth Form College
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The Meridian House, which represents two of the
Greenwich meridian instruments.
24.
Comprehensive school
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A comprehensive school is a secondary school or middle school that is a state school and does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is used in relation to England and Wales. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools and they correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule. Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, a consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges, a problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, in principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as neighbourhood schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Finland has used comprehensive schools after 5th grade since the 1970s, since the 1970s, everyone has been required to complete the same nine grades of peruskoulu, from the ages of 7 to 16. This change was modeled on the British comprehensive school, which goes from the ages of 11 to 16, from the ages of 16 to 19, students go either to vocational school or high school. The division of the peruskoulu into a school and upper school has been discontinued. Germany has a school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements and they offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education classes for average students, and remedial courses for those who arent doing that well. In most cases students attending a Gesamtschule may graduate with the Hauptschulabschluss, the percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, the Mittelschule is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, students may be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife but not the Abitur. There is some controversy about comprehensive schools, Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of Three Plus. When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the comprehensives do not help students achieve I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students
Comprehensive school
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The comprehensive school of Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim
Comprehensive school
–
Integrierte Gesamtschule Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt
25.
School of Slavonic and East European Studies
–
The UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies is a school of University College London specialised in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Russia and Eurasia. It has links with universities both across Europe and globally, the School was inaugurated in London in 1915, as a department of Kings College London, by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who later became President of Czechoslovakia. In 1932 the School became an Institute of the University of London, in 1999 the School merged with University College London. In 2012/2013 the School had over 200 graduate students studying taught MA degrees or undertaking PhD research, in addition the School has over 600 undergraduate students. Along with its undergraduate and graduate teaching, the School enjoys a reputation for the quality of its interdisciplinary research. It is an international centre for training the next generation of regional specialists, through a combination of academic rigour. The library is one of the research collections in Britain for the study of Central and Eastern Europe. Subsidiary fields of interest are the arts in general, demography, ethnography, material is also collected on the former German Democratic Republic, the history of Germany and Austria, the Lusatian Sorbs, and Slavonic and Ugro-Finnic studies in general. The school moved to the building in the summer of 2005 after nearly 90 years at Senate House, václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic, delivered the keynote address of his visit to the UK at a ceremony to open the building in October 2005. Following Klauss address, the Princess Royal unveiled the stone to mark the opening of the building. The building was designed by award-winning architects Short and Associates
School of Slavonic and East European Studies
–
UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
School of Slavonic and East European Studies
–
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
School of Slavonic and East European Studies
–
R.W. Seton-Watson
School of Slavonic and East European Studies
–
Jonathan Ross
26.
University College London
–
University College London is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest postgraduate institution in the UK by enrollment and is regarded as one of the worlds leading research universities. UCL also makes the claims of being the third-oldest university in England. In 1836 UCL became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London, which was granted a charter in the same year. UCL has its campus in the Bloomsbury area of central London, with a number of institutes and teaching hospitals elsewhere in central London. UCL is organised into 11 constituent faculties, within there are over 100 departments, institutes. In 2015/16, UCL had around 38,300 students and 12,000 staff and had an income of £1.36 billion. UCL ranks highly in national and international league tables and its graduates rank among the most employable in the world, UCL academics discovered five of the naturally occurring noble gases, co-discovered hormones, invented the vacuum tube, and made several foundational advances in modern statistics. There are at least 29 Nobel Prize winners and 3 Fields medalists amongst UCLs alumni and current, UCL was founded on 11 February 1826 under the name London University, as an alternative to the Anglican universities of Oxford and Cambridge. London Universitys first Warden was Leonard Horner, who was the first scientist to head a British university and this suggests that while his ideas may have been influential, he himself was less so. In 1827, the Chair of Political Economy at London University was created, with John Ramsay McCulloch as the first incumbent, in 1828 the university became the first in England to offer English as a subject and the teaching of Classics and medicine began. In 1830, London University founded the London University School, which would later become University College School, in 1833, the university appointed Alexander Maconochie, Secretary to the Royal Geographical Society, as the first professor of geography in the UK. In 1834, University College Hospital opened as a hospital for the universitys medical school. In 1836, London University was incorporated by charter under the name University College. The Slade School of Fine Art was founded as part of University College in 1871, in 1878, the University of London gained a supplemental charter making it the first British university to be allowed to award degrees to women. The same year, UCL admitted women to the faculties of Arts and Law and of Science, although women remained barred from the faculties of Engineering and of Medicine. Armstrong College, an institution of Newcastle University, also allowed women to enter from its foundation in 1871. Women were finally admitted to medical studies during the First World War in 1917, in 1898, Sir William Ramsay discovered the elements krypton, neon and xenon whilst professor of chemistry at UCL
University College London
–
The London University as drawn by
Thomas Hosmer Shepherd and published in 1827–1828 (now the
UCL Main Building)
University College London
–
Henry Tonks ' 1923 mural The Four Founders of UCL
University College London
–
William Ramsay is regarded as the " father of noble gases ".
University College London
–
The Wilkins Building in 1956
27.
Late Night with David Letterman
–
Late Night with David Letterman is a nightly hour-long comedy talk show on NBC that was created and hosted by David Letterman. It premiered on February 1,1982, as the first incarnation of the Late Night franchise and ran until 1993, the series was then reformatted as Late Night with Conan OBrien, with Jimmy Fallon later taking over from OBrien as host. Late Night continues to air as of 2017 with Seth Meyers as host, in 2013, this series and Late Show with David Letterman were ranked #41 on TV Guides 60 Best Series of All Time. In 1981, NBC and Carson, after significant acrimony, reached an agreement on a new contract, Time slot Monday through Thursday, with occasional specials every few Fridays, all aimed at young men. The network wanted to capitalize on catering to young males, feeling there was very little late-night programming for that demographic. The newly announced show thus displaced the Tomorrow Coast to Coast program hosted by Tom Snyder from the 12,30 slot. NBC initially offered Snyder to move his show back an hour, the final first-run Tomorrow episode aired on December 17,1981. The staff responsible for preparing Late Night consisted of Lettermans girlfriend Merrill Markoe in the head writing role, Markoe and Letterman broke up in 1988 and Markoe left for California, resulting in Steve ODonnell taking over the position. Other key personnel included seasoned TV veteran Hal Gurnee directing the program, Jack Rollins as executive producer. The plan from the start was to resurrect the spirit of Lettermans morning show for a late-night audience, after a brief monologue, the very first comedy segment was a sarcastic tour of the studio. The first guest, Bill Murray, came out in fashion, throwing jibes. The second guest was Don Herbert, TVs Mr. Wizard, and the show ended with a young comic named Steve Fessler reciting aloud the script of the obscure Bela Lugosi film Bowery at Midnight. The reviews were mixed – Los Angeles Times wrote, Much of Lettermans first week did not jell – but more importantly, eccentric and awkward, the show immediately established a sensibility that was clearly different from The Tonight Show. Carson, for his part, wanted Late Night to have as little overlap with his show as possible, in fact, most ground rules and restrictions on what Letterman could do came not from the network but from the production company itself. Letterman could not have a sidekick like Ed McMahon, and Paul Shaffers band could not include a horn section like Doc Severinsens. Letterman was told he could not book old-school showbiz guests such as James Stewart, George Burns, or Buddy Hackett, Letterman was also specifically instructed not to replicate any of the signature pieces of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson like Stump the Band or Carnac the Magnificent. Carson also wanted Letterman to minimize the number of jokes in his opening monologue. So, in 1993, Letterman and his moved to CBS and Late Show with David Letterman was born
Late Night with David Letterman
–
Late Night with David Letterman
28.
Cult film
–
A cult film, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film that has acquired a cult following. Cult films are known for their dedicated, passionate fanbase, a subculture that engage in repeated viewings, quoting dialogue. Inclusive definitions allow for major productions, especially box office bombs, while exclusive definitions focus more on obscure. The difficulty in defining the term and subjectivity of what qualifies as a cult film mirror classificatory disputes about art, Cult films trace their origin back to controversial and suppressed films kept alive by dedicated fans. In some cases, reclaimed or rediscovered films have acquired cult followings decades after their original release, Other cult films have since become well-respected or reassessed as classics, there is debate as to whether these popular and accepted films are still cult films. After failing in the cinema, some films have become regular fixtures on cable television or profitable sellers on home video. Others have inspired their own film festivals, Cult films can both appeal to specific subcultures and form their own subcultures. Other media that reference cult films can easily identify which demographics they desire to attract, Cult films frequently break cultural taboos, and many feature excessive displays of violence, gore, sexuality, profanity, or combinations thereof. This can lead to controversy, censorship, and outright bans, films that fail to attract requisite amounts of controversy may face resistance when labeled as cult films. Fans who like the films for the reasons, such as perceived elements that represent mainstream appeal and marketing. Likewise, fans who stray from accepted subcultural scripts may experience similar rejection, since the late 1970s, cult films have become increasingly popular. Films that once would have limited to obscure cult followings are now capable of breaking into the mainstream. Films are frequently stated to be an instant cult classic now, fickle fans on the Internet have latched on to unreleased films only to abandon them later on release. At the same time, other films have acquired massive, quick cult followings, easy access to cult films via video on demand and peer-to-peer file sharing has led some critics to pronounce the death of cult films. A cult film is any film that has a following, although the term is not easily defined. Cult films are defined by audience reaction as much as they are content and this may take the form of elaborate and ritualized audience participation, film festivals, or cosplay. Over time, the definition has become more vague and inclusive as it drifts away from earlier, stricter views, academic Mark Shiel has criticized the term itself as being a weak concept, reliant on subjectivity, different groups can interpret films in their own terms. Academic Mike Chopra‑Gant says that cult films become decontextualized when studied as a group, in 2008, Cineaste asked a range of academics for their definition of a cult film
Cult film
–
Plan 9 from Outer Space is an example of a cult film.
Cult film
–
Julianne Moore and
Jeff Bridges at
Lebowski Fest 2011.
Cult film
–
Night of the Living Dead (1968) is an example of a cult film that uses transgressive themes.
Cult film
–
Judy Garland and her iconic role as Dorothy Gale have become important in
gay culture.
29.
Sam Raimi
–
His most recent work is the 2013 Disney fantasy film Oz the Great and Powerful. Raimi has also produced several television series and founded his own production company, Renaissance Pictures. Recently, he worked as the producer of The Possession, Raimi was born in Royal Oak, Michigan. He is the fourth of five born to Celia Barbara and Leonard Ronald Raimi. He was raised in Conservative Judaism, his ancestors emigrated from Russia, Raimi graduated from Groves High School and later went on to attend Michigan State University, where he majored in English but left after three semesters to film The Evil Dead. Raimi became fascinated with making films when his father brought a movie camera home one day and he began to make Super 8 movies with childhood friend Bruce Campbell. In college, he teamed up with his brothers roommate Robert Tapert and Campbell to shoot Within the Woods and he began work on his third film Crimewave, intended as a live-action comic book—the film was not successful, due in part to unwanted studio intervention. Raimi then returned to the genre with the seminal Evil Dead II. With his brother Ivan Raimi, Sam Raimi also wrote Easy Wheels, a long-time comic book buff, he then attempted to adapt The Shadow into a movie, but was unable to secure the rights, so he created his own super-hero, Darkman. Army of Darkness, the movie in the Evil Dead trilogy, was a box office flop. Raimi achieved great critical and commercial success with the blockbuster Spider-Man, the movie has grossed over US$800 million worldwide, spawning two sequels, Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3, both directed by Raimi and both grossing roughly $800 million each. After the completion of the third Spider-Man film, he planned on producing two more sequels but could not find a satisfactory script, Raimi frequently collaborates with Joel and Ethan Coen, beginning when Joel was one of the editors of Evil Dead. The Coens co-wrote Crimewave and The Hudsucker Proxy with Raimi in the mid-1980s, Raimi made cameo appearances in Millers Crossing, The Hudsucker Proxy, and with Joel Coen in Spies Like Us. The Coen brothers gave Raimi advice on shooting in snow for A Simple Plan, the film was written by his childhood friend writer-director Mike Binder and shot at the camp that they both attended when they were younger. Raimi also produced the entire The Grudge franchise, according to Entertainment Weekly, Raimi had expressed an interest in directing a film version of The Hobbit, the prequel to the Lord of the Rings trilogy. In 2008, Guillermo del Toro was selected as the director, Raimi may direct By Any Means Necessary, the next film based on the Jack Ryan CIA character created by Tom Clancy for Paramount Pictures. Disney also approached him to direct W. I. T. C. H, the Movie, based on the popular comic. Blizzard Entertainment announced on July 22,2009 that Sam Raimi will be directing a Warcraft film, however at Comic-Con International 2012, it was revealed that he would not be the one directing the World of Warcraft adaptation
Sam Raimi
–
Sam Raimi at the 2014
San Diego Comic-Con International.
Sam Raimi
–
Raimi in Los Angeles, March 2013
30.
Jackie Chan
–
Chan Kong-sang, SBS, MBE, PMW, known professionally as Jackie Chan, is a Hong Kong martial artist, actor, film director, producer, stuntman, and singer. In his movies, he is known for his fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts. He has trained in Kung Fu and Hapkido and he has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 150 films. Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars, and he has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. He is a trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums. He is also a notable philanthropist, in 2015, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth to be $350 million. Chan was born on 7 April 1954, in British Hong Kong, as Chan Kong-sang, to Charles and Lee-Lee Chan and his mother or parents nicknamed him Pao-pao Chinese, 炮炮 because the energetic child was always rolling around. His parents worked for the French ambassador in Hong Kong, Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia, to work as the cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy. Chan trained rigorously for the decade, excelling in martial arts. He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a group made up of the schools best students. Chan became close friends with group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao. After entering the industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim. Jackie Chan also trained in other styles of arts such as Karate, Judo, Taekwondo. He began his career by appearing in roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow Little Fortunes in the film Big, Chan appeared with Li again the following year, in The Love Eterne and had a small role in King Hus 1966 film Come Drink with Me. In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, at seventeen, he worked as a stuntman in the Bruce Lee films Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon under the stage name Chan Yuen Lung. He received his first starring role later that year in Little Tiger of Canton that had a release in Hong Kong in 1973
Jackie Chan
–
Chan at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008
Jackie Chan
–
Jackie Chan began his film career as a
stuntman in the
Bruce Lee films
Fist of Fury (1972) and
Enter the Dragon (1973, pictured).
Jackie Chan
–
Jet Li and Jackie Chan
Jackie Chan
–
Jackie Chan on the set of Chinese Zodiac (May 2, 2012)
31.
Alejandro Jodorowsky
–
Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky is a Chilean-French film and theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, actor, author, poet, producer, composer, musician, comics writer, and spiritual guru. Born to Jewish-Ukrainian and Polish parents in Chile, Jodorowsky experienced an unhappy and alienated childhood, dropping out of college, he became involved in theater and in particular mime, working as a clown before founding his own theater troupe, the Teatro Mimico, in 1947. Moving to Paris in the early 1950s, Jodorowsky studied mime under Étienne Decroux before turning to cinema, from 1960 he divided his time between Paris and Mexico City, in the former becoming a founding member of the anarchistic avant-garde Panic Movement of performance artists. In 1966 he created his first comic strip, Anibal 5, while in 1967 he directed his first feature film, the surrealist Fando y Lis, the result was The Holy Mountain, a surrealist exploration of western esotericism. His son Cristóbal has followed his teachings on psychoshamanism, this work is captured in the feature documentary Quantum Men, directed by Carlos Serrano Azcona. Jodorowsky was born in 1929 in the town of Tocopilla, Chile, to parents who were Jewish immigrants from Yekaterinoslav, Elisavetgrad. His father, Jaime Jodorowsky Groismann, was a merchant, who was abusive to his wife Sara Felicidad Prullansky Arcavi. Angered, he beat and raped her, getting her pregnant. Because of this conception, Sara both hated her husband and disliked her son, telling him that I cannot love you. It was this treatment at the hands of Americans that led to his condemnation of American imperialism and neo-colonialism in Latin America in several of his films. Nonetheless he liked his local area, and was unhappy when he was forced to leave it aged nine years old. His family subsequently moved to the city of Santiago, Chile, becoming interested in the political ideology of anarchism, he began attending college, studying psychology and philosophy, but stayed for only two years. After dropping out, and having an interest in theatre and particularly mime, he took up employment as a clown in a circus and began a career as a theatre director. Meanwhile, in 1947 he founded his own troupe, the Teatro Mimico, which by 1952 had fifty members. Nonetheless, Jodorowsky felt that there was little for him left in Chile and it was while in Paris that Jodorowsky began studying mime with Étienne Decroux and joined the troupe of one of Decrouxs students, Marcel Marceau. It was with Marceaus troupe that he went on a world tour, after this, he returned to theatre directing, working on the music hall comeback of Maurice Chevalier in Paris. In 1957, Jodorowsky turned his hand to filmmaking, creating Les têtes interverties and it consisted almost entirely of mime, and told the surreal story of a head-swapping merchant who helps a young man find courtship success. The director Jean Cocteau admired the film, and wrote an introduction for it and it was considered lost until a print of the film was discovered in 2006
Alejandro Jodorowsky
–
At the 2011
Utopiales International Science Fiction Festival in
Nantes,
France.
Alejandro Jodorowsky
–
Alejandro Jodorowsky and Spanish writer Diego Moldes, Paris, 2008
Alejandro Jodorowsky
–
Jodorowsky in
Sitges, Catalonia
Alejandro Jodorowsky
–
Jodorowsky at the 2008 Japan Expo in Paris
32.
David Lynch
–
David Keith Lynch is an American director, screenwriter, producer, painter, musician, and photographer. He has been described by The Guardian as the most important director of this era, allMovie called him the Renaissance man of modern American filmmaking, while the success of his films has led to him being labelled the first popular Surrealist. He moved to Los Angeles, where he produced his first motion picture, meanwhile, Lynch embraced the Internet as a medium, producing several web-based shows, such as the animated DumbLand and the surreal sitcom Rabbits. Lynch has received three Academy Award nominations for Best Director and a nomination for best screenplay. He has won Frances César Award for Best Foreign Film twice, as well as the Palme dOr at the Cannes Film Festival, the French government awarded him the Legion of Honor, the countrys top civilian honor, as a Chevalier in 2002 and then an Officier in 2007. Blue Velvet and Mulholland Drive are widely considered by critics to be among the greatest films of their respective decades, Lynch was born in Missoula, Montana on January 20,1946. His father, Donald Walton Lynch, was a research scientist working for the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Lynchs maternal great-grandparents were Finnish, and had immigrated to the United States from Finland in the 19th century. The Lynch family often moved around according to where the USDA assigned Donald and it was here that Lynchs sister Martha was born. The family then moved to Durham, North Carolina, then Boise, Idaho, Lynch found this transitory early life relatively easy to adjust to, noting that he found it fairly easy to meet new friends whenever he started attending a new school. Commenting on much of his life, Lynch has remarked, Alongside his schooling, Lynch joined the Boy Scouts, although he would later note that he only became so I could quit. He rose to the highest rank of Eagle Scout and it was through being an Eagle Scout that he was present with other Boy Scouts outside of the White House at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy, which took place on Lynchs birthday in 1961. They had some hopes that in Europe they could train with the expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka at his school. Upon reaching Salzburg, however, they found that he was not available and, Back in the United States, Lynch returned to Virginia, but since his parents had moved to Walnut Creek, California, he stayed with his friend Toby Keeler for a while. He decided to move to the city of Philadelphia and enroll at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, after advice from Jack Fisk and it was here that he began a relationship with a fellow student, Peggy Reavey, and they were married in 1967. The following year, Peggy gave birth to their daughter Jennifer, later describing this situation, Peggy stated that definitely was a reluctant father, but a very loving one. Hey, I was pregnant when we got married, later describing living there, Lynch stated that We lived cheap, but the city was full of fear. A kid was shot to death down the street and we were robbed twice, had windows shot out and a car stolen. The house was first broken into three days after we moved in
David Lynch
–
Lynch in 2009
David Lynch
–
Screenshot from
Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times). The film was an animation based upon Lynch's paintings.
David Lynch
–
Lynch's Eraserhead, featuring Henry Spencer (
Jack Nance)
David Lynch
–
Lynch at the 1990
Emmy Awards ceremony
33.
Aki Kaurismaki
–
Aki Olavi Kaurismäki is a Finnish screenwriter and film director. After graduating in media studies from the University of Tampere, Aki Kaurismäki started his career as a co-screenwriter and actor in films made by his older brother, together they founded the production company Villealfa Filmproductions and later the Midnight Sun Film Festival. His debut as an independent director was Crime and Punishment, an adaptation of Dostoyevskys novel set in modern Helsinki and he gained worldwide attention with Leningrad Cowboys Go America. In 1989 he emigrated with his wife to Portugal, saying in all of Helsinki there is no place left where I could place my camera. Kaurismäki has been influenced by the French directors Jean-Pierre Melville and Robert Bresson and his movies have a humorous side that can also be seen in the films of Jim Jarmusch, who has a cameo in Kaurismäkis film Leningrad Cowboys Go America. He has been called an auteur, since he writes, directs, produces and usually edits the films himself, the dialogue is famously laconic, the articulation is usually extremely unadorned, direct and in strict standard language, without showing much emotion or drama. Characters usually stand still and recite the dialogue like it consisted of eternal truths and his characters rarely smile, nod sadly and usually expect the worst, and often smoke constantly. Events are shown in a manner and characters are usually left alone facing the consequences. Much of Kaurismäkis work is centred on Helsinki, such as the film Calamari Union, the Proletariat trilogy and his vision of Helsinki is critical and singularly unromantic. Indeed, his characters speak about how they wish to get away from Helsinki. Some end up in Mexico, others in Estonia, the setting of most of his films is the 1980s, or at least contains elements from that decade. Kaurismäki has been a critic of digital cinematography, calling it a devils invention. Kaurismäkis film Ariel was entered into the 16th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Prix FIPRESCI, however, Kaurismäki refused to attend the Oscar ceremony, asserting that he did not feel like partying in a country that was in a state of war. S. President George W. Bushs foreign policy, in 2002 Kaurismäki also boycotted the 40th New York Film Festival in a show of solidarity with the Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami, who was not given a US visa in time for the festival. Kaurismäkis 2017 film The Other Side of Hope won the Silver Bear for Best Director award at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival, at the same festival he also announced that it would be his last film as a director. A. Helsinki,1991 Ródenas, Gabri, The Poetry of Silence in, pilar Carrera, El cineasta que vino del frío, Aki Kaurismäki by Orimattila Town Library. Aki Kaurismäki at the Internet Movie Database Aki Kaurismaki on Eurochannel with A Film and Its Era, Le Havre
Aki Kaurismaki
–
Aki Kaurismäki in 2012
34.
Pedro Almodovar
–
Pedro Almodóvar Caballero is a Spanish film director, screenwriter, producer and former actor. He came to prominence as a director and screenwriter during La Movida Madrileña and his first few films characterised the sense of sexual and political freedom of the period. In 1986, he established his own production company, El Deseo, with his younger brother Agustín Almodóvar. The melodrama High Heels and the drama thriller Live Flesh. His subsequent two films won an Academy Award each, All About My Mother received the award for Best Foreign Language Film while Talk to Her earned him the award for Best Original Screenplay. His films are marked by his employment of actors and creative personnel, complex narratives, melodrama, pop culture, popular songs, irreverent humour, strong colours. Desire, passion, family, and identity are among Almodóvars most prevalent themes, noted for being one of the most internationally successful Spanish filmmakers, Almodóvar and his films have gained worldwide interest and developed a cult following. He has won two Academy Awards, four British Academy Film Awards, six European Film Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, nine Goya Awards and four prizes at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1997, Almodóvar received the French Legion of Honour, followed by the Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in 1999, in 2013, he received an honorary European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award. In January 2017 he was named as President of the Jury for the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, Pedro Almodóvar Caballero was born on 25 September 1949 in Calzada de Calatrava, a small rural town of Almagro, Ciudad Real, a province of Castile-La Mancha in Spain. He has two sisters, Antonia and María Jesús, and one brother Agustín. His father, Antonio Almodóvar, was a winemaker, and his mother, Francisca Caballero and his family eventually joined him in Cáceres, where his father opened a gas station and his mother opened a bodega where she sold her own wine. Unlike Calzada, there was a cinema in Cáceres, Cinema became my real education, much more than the one I received from the priest, he said later in an interview. Almodóvar was influenced by Luis Buñuel, against his parents wishes, Almodóvar moved to Madrid in 1967 to become a filmmaker. When dictator Francisco Franco closed the National School of Cinema in Madrid, since he worked only until three in the afternoon, he had the rest of the day to pursue his film-making. In the early 1970s, Almodóvar grew interested in experimental cinema and he collaborated with the vanguard theatrical group Los Goliardos, in which he played his first professional roles and met actress Carmen Maura. Madrids flourishing alternative cultural scene became the perfect scenario for Almodóvars social talents and he was a crucial figure in La Movida Madrileña, a cultural renaissance that followed the death of dictator Francisco Franco. Alongside Fabio McNamara, Almodóvar sang in a glam rock parody duo and he published a novella, Fuego en las entrañas and kept writing stories that were eventually published in a compilation volume entitled El sueño de la razón
Pedro Almodovar
–
Pedro Almodóvar (2008)
Pedro Almodovar
–
Almodóvar at the
2006 Toronto International Film Festival
Pedro Almodovar
–
Pedro Almodóvar (1988)
Pedro Almodovar
–
Almodóvar with
Victoria Abril, star of
High Heels, at the 1993
César Awards in Paris.
35.
Comic Relief (charity)
–
Comic Relief is an operating British charity, founded in 1985 by the comedy scriptwriter Richard Curtis and comedian Lenny Henry in response to famine in Ethiopia. The highlight of Comic Reliefs appeal is Red Nose Day, a telethon held in March. Comic Relief was launched live on Noel Edmonds Late, Late Breakfast Show on BBC1, the idea for Comic Relief came from the charity worker Jane Tewson, who established it as the operating name of Charity Projects, a registered charity in England and Scotland. On 4 April 1986 the inaugural live fund-raising show, Comic Relief Utterly Utterly Live, was staged at the Shaftesbury Theatre in London featuring popular alternative comedians and pop stars. An audio recording was released on WEA which included a performance of the charity single Living Doll by Cliff Richard. On 8 February 1988, Lenny Henry went to Ethiopia and celebrated the very first Red Nose Day Telethon, over 150 celebrities and comedians participated. The event raised 15 million British pounds sterling and attracted 30 million television viewers on BBC1, the highlight of Comic Relief is Red Nose Day. One of the principles behind working at Comic Relief is the Golden Pound Principle where every single donated pound is spent on charitable projects. All operating costs, such as salaries, are covered by corporate sponsors. Currently, its supporters are the BBC, BT, Sainsburys supermarket chain. The BBC is responsible for the live television extravaganza on Red Nose Day, BT provides the telephony, and Sainsburys sells merchandise on behalf of the charity. The average full-time staff was 214, with 14 staff paid over £60,000 with remuneration for the year, excluding pensions, for Kevin Cahill, Sport Relief is a biennial charity event, and the campaign deliberately alternates years with Red Nose Day, Comic Reliefs flagship event. Red Nose Day occurs in odd-numbered years, and Sport Relief in even-numbered years, in 2009, Comic Relief launched a website calling for a financial transaction tax, the Robin Hood tax. At the end of the 2015 Red Nose Day telethon on 14 March it was announced that in the 30-year history of Comic Relief the Red Nose Day, the television programming begins in the afternoon, with CBBC having various related reports, money raising events and celebrity gunging. Whilst the BBC News at Ten is aired on BBC One, Comic Relief continues on BBC Two and these celebrities do the work for free, as do the crew, with studio space and production facilities donated by the BBC. Regular themes throughout the shows parodies of recent popular shows, films and clips, events. Smith and Jones, and a sketch starring Rowan Atkinson are both regularly featured. The First Red Nose Day was held on Friday 5 February 1988 with the slogan, The Plain Red Nose, the Second Red Nose Day was held on Friday 10 March 1989 with the slogan, Red Nose Day 2, and raised £27 million
Comic Relief (charity)
–
Comic Relief
36.
Vic Reeves
–
James Roderick Jim Moir, better known by the stage name Vic Reeves, is an English comedian, artist, actor and television presenter, best known for his double act with Bob Mortimer. He is known for his surreal and non sequitur sense of humour, in 2003, Reeves and Mortimer were listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy. In a 2005 poll to find the Comedians Comedian, Reeves and Mortimer were voted the 9th greatest comedy act ever by fellow comedians, after school, Reeves undertook an apprenticeship in mechanical engineering, before moving to London. Reeves also formed the Fashionable Five, a group of five friends who would follow bands like the Enid and Free onto stage, eventually, they formed their own band. Reeves had a breakthrough with the help of comedian Malcolm Hardee. In 1983, Reeves began a course at a local art college, developed his love of painting. Although still primarily known as a comedian, Reeves is gaining a reputation as an artist and his drawings and paintings have been used in his television shows and form a major part of his 1999 book, Sun Boiled Onions. These included a loudmouthed American called Jim Bell, a poet called Mister Mystery and, eventually. His stage show Vic Reeves Big Night Out began life as a regular Thursday night gig at Goldsmiths Tavern, here, he met Bob Mortimer, a solicitor who attended the show and enjoyed it so much that he soon began to participate. Reeves television début came in December 1986 on Channel 4 Televisions The Tube in a game show segment called Square Celebrities. His next appearance was on the short-lived chat/comedy show One Hour with Jonathan Ross in a show segment known as Knock Down Ginger. Reeves growing TV profile led to Big Night Out being given a slot on Channel 4 the following year and it was about this time that Reeves and Mortimer rented a back room at Jools Hollands office/recording studio in Westcombe Park, Greenwich where they would spend hours writing material. Reeves is due to his fondness of the late American singer Jim Reeves, Reeves is one of the few comedians to have had a number one record in the UK Singles Chart, which he did in company with The Wonder Stuff, singing Dizzy. Including Dizzy, he released two singles from his 1991 album I Will Cure You. A1994 pilot written by Paul Whitehouse and Charlie Higson entitled The Honeymoons Over was due to feature Chris Bell, however, the series was never commissioned. The same year, Reeves made a guest appearance on the Radio 1 series Shuttleworths Showtime, between August 1998 and May 1999, Reeves and Mortimer presented the Channel X produced BBC Saturday game show Families at War with Alice Beer. The same year, Reeves presented a radio show on BBC Radio 1. In 2004 Reeves and Sorrell were both contestants in the series of Im a Celebrity
Vic Reeves
–
Vic Reeves
Vic Reeves
–
I Will Cure You
37.
Bob Mortimer
–
Robert Renwick Bob Mortimer is an English comedian and actor. He performs with Vic Reeves as part of Vic and Bob and he owned the now defunct production company Pett Productions with Reeves and Lisa Clark. Mortimers father was a salesman who died in a car crash when Mortimer was very young. Mortimer attended Acklam High School on the site of Acklam Hall in Acklam and his schoolmates included Ali Brownlee, who would go on to become a sports presenter on BBC Tees. He trialled for local football club Middlesbrough, but was not able to take the sport up due to arthritis. He left school with three A-levels and went on to law at the universities of Sussex and Leicester. There, Mortimer became involved in causes and the punk movement. After leaving university with an LLM in Welfare Law, Mortimer moved to London and he then moved to a private practice. In 1986, Mortimer went to the Goldsmiths Tavern in New Cross, Mortimer was impressed by the performance, particularly the character Tappy Lappy, which was Reeves attempting to tap dance while wearing a Bryan Ferry mask and planks on his feet. Mortimer approached Reeves after the show, and the two began writing material for the weeks show together. They also became friends, even forming a band called the Potters Wheel. Mortimer began to perform on the show, which was christened Vic Reeves Big Night Out, creating such characters as the Singing Lawyer, Graham Lister, Judge Nutmeg and the Man With the Stick. The show became successful in South London and eventually outgrew Goldsmiths Tavern. Mortimer soon became a part of the performance, providing him with a weekly break from the legal work. He once quipped that the straw was a run in with a mugger who, recognising Mortimer as having represented him legally, promptly stood down. Reeves and Mortimer made their debut on the short-lived 1989 comedy chat show One Hour with Jonathan Ross. Later that year, the duo made their first television pilot together, the television show remained true to the nightclub acts variety show format. Mortimer took a 10-week break from his job to film the series
Bob Mortimer
–
Bob Mortimer in 2010.
38.
Paul Whitehouse
–
Paul Julian Whitehouse is a British actor, writer and comedian. He became known for his work with Harry Enfield and as one of the stars of the popular BBC sketch comedy series The Fast Show, in a 2005 poll to find The Comedians Comedian, he was in the top 50 comedy acts voted for by comedians and comedy insiders. He is most well known for his characters in The Fast Show, Harry and Paul and Harry Enfield. He also appears in AVIVA insurance adverts, Whitehouse was born in Stanleytown in the Rhondda Valley, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. His father worked for the National Coal Board and his mother was a singer with the Welsh National Opera, I think it was because everyone was speaking so differently from how it had been in Wales. Then, after four weeks, I came home one day and said, Muumm, for her that was the end because I had lost my lovely Welsh lilt. So I became very conscious of speech and the effects it can have, but when I went back to Wales I would start talking all Welsh, lyke that you see before going all Alf Garnett while coming back the other way. Whitehouse attended the University of East Anglia in Norwich from autumn 1977, Whitehouse dropped out and lived with other drop-outs in a council flat in Hackney, east London and occasionally worked as a plasterer. After Higson graduated in 1980, he moved in with Whitehouse, working by day as a decorator and performing at night, the pair began working as tradesmen on a house shared by comedians Hugh Laurie and Stephen Fry, which inspired them to start writing comedy. They moved to an estate where in a pub they met Harry Enfield, a neighbour with an act, and after he gained a place on Channel 4s Saturday Live. While watching a tape of highlights from Enfields program, Whitehouse and Higson were inspired to create a rapid-fire delivery comedy series. In 2001 and 2002, Whitehouse wrote and performed in two series of the BBC comedy drama Happiness, in which he played a voice-over actor with a mid-life crisis, Whitehouse wrote, produced and appeared with Chris Langham in the 2005 comedy drama Help, also for the BBC. In this series he took 25 roles, all patients of Langhams psychotherapist, the pairs collaboration resulted in Whitehouse taking the witness stand on 24 July 2007 in the trial of Langham, in regard to the charge of holding explicit images and videos of minors. Langham claimed he downloaded this material as research for a character in the series of Help. Whitehouse appeared in the BBC sketch series Harry & Paul, starring alongside Harry Enfield, Whitehouse starred alongside Charlie Higson in the BBC2 comedy series Bellamys People, with the first episode broadcast on 21 January 2010. The comedy evolved from the BBC Radio 4 program Down the Line, the show originally had the working title of Bellamys Kingdom. In October 2014, Harry Enfield and Whitehouse returned to the characters of Frank, in 2015, his sitcom Nurse, based on his Radio 4 series of the same name, debuted on BBC2 on 10 March. In August 2015, Whitehouse, alongside Enfield, in celebration of their 25-year partnership, presented An Evening With Harry Enfield, Whitehouse and Charlie Higson produced and appeared in a spoof phone-in show Down the Line on BBC Radio 4
Paul Whitehouse
–
Whitehouse (right) as Smashie
Paul Whitehouse
–
Whitehouse as Unlucky Alf
39.
Charlie Higson
–
Charles Murray Charlie Higson is an English actor, comedian, author, and former singer. He has also written and produced for television, born in Frome, Somerset, Higson was educated at Sevenoaks School, Kent and at the University of East Anglia in Norwich where he met Paul Whitehouse, David Cummings and Terry Edwards. Higson, Cummings and Edwards formed the band The Higsons of which Higson was the singer from 1980 to 1986. They released two singles on the Specials 2 Tone Records label and this was after he had formed the punk band The Right Hand Lovers, wherein he performed as Switch. Higson then became a decorator – including decorating the house of Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie – before he turned to writing for Harry Enfield with Paul Whitehouse and he came to public attention as one of the main writers and performers of the BBC Two sketch show The Fast Show. He worked with Whitehouse on the radio comedy Down the Line and is to work with him again on a television project, in 1994 Higson co-wrote the screenplay for the film thriller Suite 16. He worked as producer, writer, director and occasional guest star on Randall & Hopkirk from 2000 to 2001, subsequent television work has included writing and starring in BBC Threes Fast Show spin-off sitcom Swiss Toni. He has starred in Tittybangbang on BBC Three and appeared as a panellist on QI, in 2010 he co-directed and starred in the series Bellamys People. This has led Time Out to describe him as The missing link between Dick Emery and Brett Easton Ellis, in 2004, it was announced that Higson would pen the Young Bond series of James Bond novels, aimed at younger readers and concentrating on the characters school-days at Eton. Higson was himself educated at Sevenoaks School, where he was a contemporary of Jonathan Evans, the first novel, SilverFin, was released on 3 March 2005 in the UK and on 27 April 2005 in the US. A second novel, Blood Fever, was released on 5 January 2006 in the UK and 1 June in the US, the third novel, Double or Die, was published on 4 January 2007 having had its title announced the day before. The next, Hurricane Gold, came out in hardcover in the UK in September 2007, in this year he also made a debut performance on the panel show QI. His final Young Bond novel, By Royal Command, was released in hardcover in the UK on 4 September 2008, Higson is currently writing a post-apocalyptic, zombie-horror series of books for young adults. The eponymous first book in the series, titled The Enemy, was released in the UK by Puffin Books in 2009, book 2, The Dead, was released in the UK in September 2010. Book 3, The Fear, was published on 15 September 2011, book 4, The Sacrifice, was released 20 September 2012. Book 5, The Fallen, was released 12 September 2013, at another, in John Lyons School, he revealed that the last book in his series would be called The End. The Hunted was published on 1 January 2014 and The End was published in October 2015, in 2011, Higson appeared with the original cast in an online-only version of The Fast Show sponsored by Fosters Lager. In June 2013 Higson wrote an adaptation of A Caribbean Mystery
Charlie Higson
–
Charlie Higson in 2013
40.
Cilla Black
–
Priscilla Maria Veronica White OBE, known by her stage name Cilla Black, was an English singer, television presenter, actress, and author. Championed by her friends the Beatles, she began her career as a singer in 1963, Black had eleven Top Ten hits on the British charts between then and 1971. In May 2010, new research published by BBC Radio 2 showed that her version of Anyone Who Had a Heart was the UKs biggest selling single by a female artist in the 1960s. Youre My World was also a modest hit in the US, along with a successful recording career in the 1960s and early 1970s, Black hosted her own variety show, Cilla, for the BBC between 1968 and 1976. In 2013, Black celebrated her 50 years in show business, British television network ITV honoured this milestone with a one-off entertainment special which aired on 16 October 2013. The show, called The One & Only Cilla Black, featured Black herself and was hosted by Paul OGrady, Black died on 1 August 2015 after a fall in her villa in Estepona, Spain. The day after her funeral, the compilation album The Very Best of Cilla Black went to one on the UK Albums Chart. Priscilla White was born in Liverpool, England, on 27 May 1943 and her parents were John Patrick White and Priscilla Blythen. She had a Welsh grandfather, Joseph Henry Blythen, who was born in Wrexham, and Irish great-grandparents on both her fathers and mothers sides of the family. She was raised in a Roman Catholic household, and attended St. Anthonys School, situated behind St. Anthonys Church in Scotland Road, and Anfield Commercial College, where she learned office skills. Determined to become an entertainer, Cilla White gained a job as a cloakroom attendant at Liverpools Cavern Club. Her impromptu performances impressed the Beatles and others and she was encouraged to begin singing by a Liverpool promoter, Sam Leach, who booked her first gig at the Casanova Club, on London Road, where she appeared as Swinging Cilla. She became a guest singer with the Merseybeat bands Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, Kingsize Taylor, meanwhile, she worked as a waitress at the Zodiac coffee lounge, where she later met her future husband Bobby Willis. She then took the name Black as part of her stage name and she was introduced to Epstein by John Lennon, who persuaded him to audition her. John was encouraged by his Aunt Mimi to introduce Cilla to Epstein, Epstein had a portfolio of local artists but initially showed little interest in her. Her first audition was a failure, partly because of nerves, in her autobiography Whats It All About. She wrote, Id chosen to do Summertime, but at the very last moment I wished I hadnt. I adored this song, and had sung it when I came to Birkenhead with the Big Three and it was too late for second thoughts, though
Cilla Black
–
Black in 1970
41.
Queen (band)
–
Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970. Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury, Brian May, Roger Taylor, before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with elaborate stage. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested Queen as a new band name, John Deacon was recruited before the band recorded their eponymous debut album in 1973. The latter featured Bohemian Rhapsody, which stayed at one in the UK for nine weeks. The bands 1977 album News of the World contained We Will Rock You and We Are the Champions, by the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert has been ranked among the greatest in history by various music publications. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, since then, May and Taylor have performed under the name of Queen with Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert as vocalists on several tours. The band have released a total of 18 number-one albums,18 number-one singles, estimates of their record sales generally range from 150 million to 300 million records, making them one of the worlds best-selling music artists. Queen received the Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic Industry in 1990 and they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001. In 1968, guitarist Brian May, a student at Londons Imperial College, may placed an advertisement on a college notice board for a Mitch Mitchell/Ginger Baker type drummer, Roger Taylor, a young dental student, auditioned and got the job. While attending Ealing Art College, Tim Staffell became friends with Farrokh Bulsara, Bulsara felt that he and the band had the same tastes and soon became a keen fan of Smile. In 1970, after Staffell left to join the band Humpy Bong, the band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the bands chemistry. It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and they recorded four of their own songs, Liar, Keep Yourself Alive, The Night Comes Down and Jesus, for a demo tape, no record companies were interested. It was also around this time Freddie changed his surname to Mercury, inspired by the line Mother Mercury, on 2 July 1971, Queen played their first show in the classic line-up of Mercury, May, Taylor and Deacon at a Surrey college outside London. Having attended art college, Mercury also designed Queens logo, called the Queen crest, the logo combines the zodiac signs of all four members, two lions for Leo, a crab for Cancer, and two fairies for Virgo. The lions embrace a stylised letter Q, the crab rests atop the letter with flames rising directly above it, There is also a crown inside the Q and the whole logo is over-shadowed by an enormous phoenix. The whole symbol bears a resemblance to the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
Queen (band)
–
Top:
Brian May,
Freddie Mercury Bottom:
John Deacon,
Roger Taylor
Queen (band)
–
Roy Thomas Baker produced Queen's first four albums and
Jazz
Queen (band)
–
Queen publicity shot from 1976
Queen (band)
–
Queen in
New Haven, Connecticut in November 1977.
42.
Freddie Mercury
–
Freddie Mercury was a British singer, songwriter and record producer, known as the lead vocalist and co-principal songwriter of the rock band Queen. He also became known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range, Mercury wrote and composed numerous hits for Queen, occasionally served as a producer and guest musician for other artists, and concurrently led a solo career while performing with Queen. Mercury died in 1991 at age 45 due to complications from AIDS, in 1992 Mercury was posthumously awarded the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, and had a tribute concert held at Wembley Stadium, London. In 2002, he was placed at number 58 in the BBCs poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, Mercury was born in the British protectorate of Sultanate of Zanzibar, East Africa. His parents, Bomi and Jer Bulsara, were Parsis from the Gujarat region of the province of Bombay Presidency in British India. The family surname is derived from the town of Bulsar in southern Gujarat, as Parsis, Mercury and his family practised the Zoroastrian religion. The Bulsara family had moved to Zanzibar so that his father could continue his job as a cashier at the British Colonial Office and he had a younger sister, Kashmira. Mercury spent most of his childhood in India and began taking lessons at the age of seven. In 1954, at the age of eight, Mercury was sent to study at St. Peters School, at the age of 12, he formed a school band, The Hectics, and covered rock and roll artists such as Cliff Richard and Little Richard. The only music he listened to, and played, was Western pop music, a friend from the time recalls that he had an uncanny ability to listen to the radio and replay what he heard on piano. It was also at St. Peters where he began to call himself Freddie, at the age of 17, Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar for safety reasons due to the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution, in which thousands of Arabs and Indians were killed. The family moved into a house at 22 Gladstone Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex. Mercury enrolled at Isleworth Polytechnic in West London where he studied art and he ultimately earned a diploma in Art and Graphic Design at Ealing Art College, later using these skills to design the Queen heraldic arms. A British citizen at birth, Mercury remained so for the rest of his life, following graduation, Mercury joined a series of bands and sold second-hand clothes in the Kensington Market in London with girlfriend Mary Austin. He also held a job at Heathrow Airport, friends from the time remember him as a quiet and shy young man who showed a great deal of interest in music. In 1969 he joined the Liverpool-based band Ibex, later renamed Wreckage and he lived briefly in a flat above the Liverpool pub, The Dovedale Towers. When this band failed to take off, he joined a band called Sour Milk Sea. However, by early 1970 this group had broken up as well, in April 1970 Mercury joined guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor who had previously been in a band called Smile
Freddie Mercury
–
Mercury performing in
New Haven, Connecticut, in 1977 with
Queen
Freddie Mercury
–
The house in
Zanzibar where Mercury lived in his early years
Freddie Mercury
–
Freddie Mercury in 1977
Freddie Mercury
–
Mercury performing live in September 1984
43.
Panel game
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A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates. Participants may compete with other, such as on The News Quiz, facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants, such as on Match Game/Blankety Blank. The genre can be traced to 1938, when Information Please debuted on U. S. radio, the earliest known television panel show is Play the Game, a charades show in 1946. The modern trend of comedy shows can find early roots with Stop Me If Youve Heard This One in 1939. While panel shows were popular in the past in the U. S. they are still very common in the United Kingdom. Panel shows also feature comedic banter, friendly ribbing and camaraderie among the panelists, scoring is often deemphasized in panel shows. The American version of Whose Line Is It Anyway, acknowledged this with the introduction, Welcome to Whose Line Is It Anyway, the show where everythings made up and the points dont matter. Panel shows can have any number of themes, many are topical and satirical, such as Wait Wait. Have I Got News for You, The News Quiz and Mock The Week, involves wordplay, Ive Got a Secret is about secrets, To Tell The Truth and Would I Lie to You. Deal with lies, and It Pays to Be Ignorant and Im Sorry I Havent A Clue are parodies, some panel shows are variations of classic parlor games. Twenty Questions is based on the game of the same name, Give Us a Clue is modeled after Charades. Frequently, a panel show features recurring panelists or permanent team captains, most shows are recorded before a studio audience. The first known example of a show in the world is the radio program Information Please. An evolution of the show format, Information Please added the key element of a panel of celebrities, largely writers and intellectuals. Listeners would mail in questions, winning prizes for stumping the panel, U. S. panel shows transferred to television early in the mediums history, with the first known example being Play the Game, a charades show that aired on DuMont and ABC beginning in 1946. The celebrity charades concept has been replicated numerous times since then, the most popular adaptation was Pantomime Quiz, airing from 1947 to 1959, and having runs on each of the four television networks operating at the time. Other charades shows have included Stump the Stars, Movietown, RSVP, Celebrity Charades, Showoffs, TV panel shows saw their peak of popularity in the 1950s and 60s, when CBS ran the three longest-running panel shows in prime time, Whats My Line. Ive Got a Secret and To Tell the Truth, at times, they were among the top ten shows on U. S. television, and they continue to experience occasional revivals
Panel game
–
A recording of radio panel game
Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!, featuring, from left, announcer and scorekeeper
Carl Kasell; host
Peter Sagal; and panelists
Adam Felber,
Roxanne Roberts and
Keegan-Michael Key before a live audience.
44.
Spice Girls
–
The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group formed in 1994. The group originally consisted of Melanie Brown, Melanie Chisholm, Emma Bunton, Geri Halliwell and they were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single Wannabe in 1996, which hit number one in 37 countries and established them as a global phenomenon. Their debut album Spice sold more than 31 million copies worldwide and their follow-up album Spiceworld sold over 20 million copies worldwide. Among the highest profile acts in 1990s British popular culture, Time called them arguably the most recognisable face of Cool Britannia, the mid-1990s celebration of youth culture in the UK. The group became one of the most successful marketing engines ever, earning up to $75 million per year, under the guidance of their mentor and manager Simon Fuller, the Spice Girls embraced merchandising and became a regular feature of the British and global press. In 1996, Top of the Pops magazine gave each member of the group aliases, which were adopted by the group and media. According to Rolling Stone journalist and biographer David Sinclair, Scary, Baby, Ginger, Posh and Sporty were the most widely recognised group of individuals since John, Paul, George, with the girl power phenomenon, the Spice Girls were popular cultural icons of the 1990s. They are cited as part of the second wave 1990s British Invasion of the US, in 2016, Mel B, Emma Bunton and Geri Halliwell reunited and launched a new website called Spice Girls - GEM. In February 1994, together with financier Chic Murphy, they placed an advertisement in the trade magazine The Stage asking for singers to audition for a pop band at Danceworks studios. A week after the audition, the women were asked to attend a recall at Nomis Studios in Shepherds Bush, performing Signed, Sealed, Delivered on their own. During the session, Adams, Brown, Chisholm, Halliwell and Stephenson were selected to the band, the group moved to a house in Maidenhead, Berkshire, and spent most of 1994 training. During the first two months, they worked on demos at South Hill Park Recording Studios in Bracknell with producer/studio owner Michael Sparkes and songwriter/arranger Tim Hawes. According to Stephenson, the material the group was given was very, very pop, one of the songs they recorded, Sugar and Spice. They also worked on various dance routines at the Trinity Studios in Knaphill, near Woking, a few months into the training period, Stephenson was fired from the group and replaced with Emma Bunton. It was also during this time that Halliwell came up with the band name Spice, the group felt insecure about the lack of a contract and was frustrated by the direction in which Heart Management was steering them. In October 1994, armed with a catalogue of demos and dance routines, due to the large interest in the group, the Herberts quickly set about creating a binding contract for them. Encouraged by the reaction they had received at the Nomis showcase, all five members delayed signing contracts on the advice from, among others. In March 1995, the group parted from Heart Management due to their frustration with the unwillingness to listen to their visions
Spice Girls
–
The Spice Girls performing during their penultimate reunion concert in
Toronto, Ontario, in February 2008. (L–R) Melanie Chisholm, Victoria Beckham, Geri Halliwell, Melanie Brown and Emma Bunton.
Spice Girls
–
The group performing "Wannabe" at the
Air Canada Centre in Toronto, during
The Return of the Spice Girls tour.
Spice Girls
–
The Spice Girls performing "Spice Up Your Life" as the opening number of their Return of the Spice Girls tour, at the Air Canada Centre, in Toronto.
Spice Girls
–
The Spice Girls as a four-piece performing "Holler" in
Cologne, Germany.
45.
Spice World (film)
–
Spice World is a 1997 British musical comedy film directed by Bob Spiers and written by Kim Fuller and Jamie Curtis. The film stars pop girl group the Spice Girls who all play themselves and this is the second feature-length film directed by Spiers, following That Darn Cat. The film features Richard E. Grant, Claire Rushbrook, Naoko Mori, Meat Loaf, Barry Humphries, filming took place in London, England for six of the eight filming weeks and also inside Twickenham Studios, as well as at over 40 famous British landmarks. Shooting featured several fourteen-hour shooting sessions and a constant, heavy media presence due to the Spice Girls large popularity at the time, the film premiered on 15 December 1997 and was released in British cinemas on the British holiday Boxing Day. In North America, the film was distributed by Columbia Pictures, PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, in the United States, Spice World became a box office hit and broke the record for the highest-ever weekend debut for Super Bowl Weekend with box office sales of $10,527,222. The film grossed $77 million at the box office worldwide and over $100 million including DVD sales, despite being a box office success, the film received primarily negative reviews. The film begins with the Spice Girls performing Too Much on Top of the Pops, meanwhile, sinister newspaper owner Kevin McMaxford is attempting to ruin the girls reputation for his newspapers ratings. McMaxford dispatches photographer Damien to take pictures and tape recordings of the girls, less threatening but more annoying is Piers Cuthbertson-Smyth, who stalks the girls along with his camera crew, hoping to use them as subjects for his next project. Amid this, the girls must prepare for their concert at the Royal Albert Hall in three days, the biggest performance of their career. The stress and overwork compound, which culminate in an argument between Clifford and the girls. The girls suddenly storm out on the evening before their gig at the Albert Hall, the girls separately think back on their humble beginnings and their struggle to the top. They reunite by chance outside the now-abandoned café where they practiced during their years, they reconcile. However, Nicola goes into labor at the nightclub and is rushed to the hospital in the girls bus, giving birth to a healthy baby girl. When Damien sees the girls standing over him, he tells them that they have made him see the error of his ways, and he goes after McMaxford, after noticing the girls bus driver, Dennis is missing, Victoria decides to take the wheel. It becomes a race against time as Victoria drives like a maniac through London, while approaching Tower Bridge, the bridge begins to raise to let a boat through the River Thames. Victoria drives up the bridge and over the gap, the bus finally lands safely on the other side, but when Emma opens a trapdoor in the floor, she discovers a bomb, and the girls scream before Emma slams the trapdoor shut again. The girls finally arrive at the Royal Albert Hall for their performance, however, the girls have one more obstacle to overcome, a London policeman charged the girls with, dangerous driving, criminal damage, flying a bus without a license, and frightening the pigeons. Emma pushes forward and tells the policeman that she and the girls were late for their performance at the Albert Hall
Spice World (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
Spice World (film)
–
Geri Halliwell's red swimsuit from the film.
Spice World (film)
–
The actual bus used in the Spice World movie.
46.
Shrek 2
–
Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer-animated fantasy comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation. As the sequel to the 2001 film Shrek, it was directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz, who reprise their roles from the first film, are joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, like its predecessor, Shrek 2 received positive reviews. It went on to be the film of 2004. It is also the seventh-highest animated film of all-time in ticket sellings, the associated soundtrack reached the Top 10 on the Billboard 200. Shrek and Fiona return from their honeymoon to find they have been invited by Fionas parents to a ball to celebrate their marriage. Shrek refuses to go at first, but Fiona talks him into it and they meet Fionas parents, King Harold and Queen Lillian, who are shocked to see their daughter as an ogre, with Harold particularly repulsed. Shrek worries that he has lost his love, particularly after finding her childhood diary. Harold arranges for Shrek and Donkey to join him on a hunting trip. However, Puss is unable to defeat Shrek and, revealing that he was paid by Harold, requests to come along, the three sneak into the Fairy Godmothers potion factory and steal a Happily Ever After potion that Shrek thinks will restore Fionas love for him. In order to make the permanent, Shrek must kiss Fiona by midnight. Shrek, Donkey and Puss return to the castle to discover that the potion has transformed Fiona back into her human self as well. However, the Fairy Godmother, having discovered the theft, intercepts Shrek and sends Charming to pose as him. At the Fairy Godmothers urging, Shrek leaves the castle, thinking that the best way to make Fiona happy is to let her go, to ensure that Fiona falls in love with Charming, the Fairy Godmother gives Harold a love potion to put into Fionas tea. This exchange is overheard by Shrek, Donkey and Puss, who are later arrested by the royal guards. He is too late to them, instead of falling in love with Charming, though. Harold reveals that he never gave Fiona the love potion, whereupon the now enraged Fairy Godmother attacks Shrek and he had used the Happily Ever After potion years before in order to marry Lillian, but she tells him that she loves him regardless of his appearance. As the clock strikes midnight, Shrek and Fiona let the potions effects wear off and they revert to their ogre forms, Harold gives his blessing to the marriage and apologizes for his earlier behavior, and the party resumes
Shrek 2
–
Theatrical release poster
47.
Only Fools and Horses
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Only Fools and Horses is a British television sitcom created and written by John Sullivan. Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991, episodes are regularly repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold and occasionally repeated on BBC One. After Pearces death in 1984, his character was replaced by Del, backed by a strong supporting cast, the series follows the Trotters highs and lows in life, in particular their attempts to get rich. The show achieved high ratings, and the 1996 episode Time on Our Hands holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode. It was voted Britains Best Sitcom in a 2004 BBC poll, the series influenced British culture, contributing several words and phrases to the English language. It spawned a range of merchandise, including books, videos, DVDs, toys. A spin-off series, The Green Green Grass, ran for four series in the UK from 2005 to 2009, a prequel, Rock & Chips, ran for three specials in 2010 and 2011. A special Sport Relief episode aired in March 2014, guest starring David Beckham, a new five-part documentary series titled The Story of Only Fools and Horses, will air later in 2017 on Gold. The new series features rare and unseen footage from the Trotter archives and specially re-created moments from Del Boys family and their mother, Joan, died when Rodney was young, and their father Reg absconded soon afterwards, so Del became Rodneys surrogate father and the family patriarch. Despite the difference in age, personality and outlook, the share a constant bond throughout. Initially, Del Boy, Rodney and Grandad were the only regulars, along with the occasional appearances of dopey roadsweeper Trigger. Over time, the cast expanded, mostly in the form of regulars at the local pub The Nags Head and these included pub landlord Mike, lorry driver Denzil, youthful spiv Mickey Pearce and Boycies flirtatious wife Marlene. Although the show centred on the Trotter family, these characters became popular in their own right, contributing to the plots. As the series progressed, the scope of the plots expanded, many early episodes were largely self-contained, with few plot-lines mentioned again, but the show developed a story arc and an ongoing episodic dimension. The character of Grandad died following the death of Lennard Pearce, after years of fruitless searching, both Del and Rodney find long-term love, in the form of Raquel and Cassandra respectively, Del also has a son with Raquel, Damien. Rodney and Cassandra marry, separate and then get together again. Cassandra miscarries, but then she and Rodney eventually have a baby, Rodney finds out who his real father was. The Trotters finally become millionaires, lose their fortune, and then some of it
Only Fools and Horses
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Title screen
Only Fools and Horses
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The original Only Fools and Horses line-up of (left to right) Grandad (Lennard Pearce), Del Boy (David Jason) and Rodney (Nicholas Lyndhurst) lasted from 1981–1984.
Only Fools and Horses
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Jim Broadbent made three appearances as
DCI Roy Slater
Only Fools and Horses
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The images peeling away was conceived as a metaphor for the Trotters' lifestyle
48.
If They Could See Us Now
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It was the BBCs most viewed television programme of the decade. In the episode, the Trotters lose their fortune and Del goes on a show to try to regain it. The episode opens with Del Boy and Rodney explaining their latest holiday to a barrister, while at a Monaco resort, Rodney feels guilty about not taking Uncle Albert with them, but is reminded that he is staying with Elsie Partridge and then mocks Alberts catchphrase During the war. As he heads to a bar with Del, later Del learns that the Central American stock market has crashed, meaning the Trotters have lost all their money. The Trotter family escapes from the hotel without paying and they did, however, still own their flat at Nelson Mandela House. Nonetheless, Del had inadvertently defended both Alberts, whilst Del had still thought himself to be at the correct funeral, Roland - one of Bunnys relatives - laughed inappropriately at the late veterans constant reminisces of his war years. Del confronted him, brushing aside his own complaints about his uncles habit, back at the flat, Rodney reveals that he has been acquitted of any responsibility in the collapse of their company. Del on the hand has been both declared bankrupt and convicted of nearly twenty years worth of tax evasion. The situation appears bleak, but Del is confident about his chances of earning the required money, since Del has been banned from owning any companies, the new version will have to be managed by Rodney. A few days later, Rodney and Cassandra discuss how best to celebrate Rodneys promotion, the next day, Mickey Pearce phones Rodney pretending to be an associate of the Sultan of Brunei. Later that night, Del, Raquel, and Damien get ready to go out while Rodney listens to a Mozart record. A bit later, Cassandra - unaware that Del is still in the flat - enters the room dressed as a policewoman followed by Rodney dressed as a Roman gladiator. It turns out that Del is going to be a contestant on the gameshow Goldrush, which is hosted by Jonathan Ross, eventually, Del has to phone Rodney when he does not know the answer to a question. Raquel and Damien return home via taxi because Del ran off after losing. After he eventually returns, Del gets a call from the producer, telling them that he actually got the final question right. Unfortunately, Del thinks that it is Mickey Pearce winding him up, the episode ends as Del triumphantly proclaims Were the Trotters, and were back. The episode ends with a dedication to the memory of Buster Merryfield and Kenneth MacDonald following the end credits, Del was originally going to appear on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. With Chris Tarrant making a guest appearance, the telephone call made to Rodney clearly echoes that Phone a Friend feature on Millionaire
If They Could See Us Now
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" If They Could See Us Now "
49.
Derek Trotter
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Derek Edward Del Boy Trotter is the fictional lead character in the popular BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses and one of the main characters of its prequel, Rock & Chips. He was played by David Jason in the series and was portrayed as a teenager by James Buckley in the prequel. Del is known for his broken French quotes which are completely out of context. This time next year well be millionaires, Lovely Jubbly and you know it makes sense and You plonker. Del Boy is a happy-go-lucky cheeky character, while not always successful, his general optimism and confidence often persuade people to believe in him. Del Boy is a liar, particularly to women, customers, policemen and even his family. In Fatal Extraction, it is revealed that Del is also frightened of dentists, avoiding visiting them whenever possible, Del presents himself as being able to speak some French, though few of his phrases make any sense in the context he uses them in. Another example of care is shown in May the Force be With You. Del, having refused to name the thief, makes a deal with Slater to guarantee their release. Once he is given immunity from prosecution, he himself as the thief. Del is later diagnosed with Irritable bowel syndrome caused by his diet of fast foods, cigars, although engaged many times, he never marries. He has had many girlfriends, a fact that is the subject of numerous harsh comments by Rodney and he finally meets his partner Raquel Turner in the 1988 special Dates. Dels mother Joan dies on 12 March 1964, apparently after a string of illnesses. He lives with Rodney, Cassandra, Raquel and their son Damien at door 368 on the floor of the fictional Nelson Mandela House in the Dockside Estate, Peckham. Before that, he lives in an old detached house in 39 Orchard Street with his mother, father and grandfather and his grandfather was an out of work lamp-lighter, waiting for gas to make a comeback. It was Dels father who also brought Freddie to his one night which led to an affair between him and Joan, and soon after, the birth of Rodney. When he was a youngster, Del always was told to call Freddie Uncle Fred, then, years later, when Uncle Albert got drunk one night at an old folks party, he told Del all about the affair. Del Boy has many girlfriends during the series and his friends include Trigger, Denzil, Boycie, Marlene and Mike
Derek Trotter
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From left to right:
Edward "Grandad" Trotter (
Lennard Pearce), Derek "Del Boy" Trotter (
David Jason) and
Rodney Trotter (
Nicholas Lyndhurst)
Derek Trotter
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James Buckley (left) as a young Del Boy, alongside
David Jason and
Nicholas Lyndhurst on the set of
Rock & Chips
50.
Rex the Runt
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Its main characters are four plasticine dogs, Rex, Wendy, Bad Bob and Vince. Rex was first introduced as a character in Ident, a short film directed by Richard Goleszowski for the Lip Synch series. During the seven years of development of the characters, Goleszowski produced three pilots, subtitled How Dinosaurs Became Extinct, Dreams and North by North Pole, thirteen ten-minute episodes of the series aired over two weeks on BBC2 from December 1998. A second thirteen episode series aired from September 2001 on the same channel, Rex, the protagonist — a timid, irritable runt. He is quick-witted and usually comes up with plans to get out of the scrapes the gang finds themselves in, however, he can also annoy the others by being a smart aleck. His favourite superhero is Rocket Raymond, Bad Bob is a big, fat slob, interested in food and TV. His friends, and occasionally even himself, describe him as a Big, fat, jelly-wobbly, fat bast- and he is distinguishable by his eye patch, which changes from eye to eye, and often carries around a revolver almost the size of himself. However grumpy he might be, he is intelligent and loyal, Wendy is the only female housemate, distinguishable by her eyelashes, pink colour, noticeably hemispheric breasts, and wears a pink bow on her head. She is cynical, sarcastic, and fiercely independent, Wendy provides solutions to problems albeit in a distant or non-caring way. Vince is the pet of the household, although all four are dogs and he is distinguished by his prominent buckteeth and mismatched eyes. He speaks in single words or short disjointed phrases, his favourites being Spaghetti, Tuesday, Jam, Vince suffers from Random Pavarotti Disease, causing him to randomly blurt out snatches of opera. While he appears to be unintelligent, he shows great ingenuity. The other members of the gang often respond to Vinces random outbursts by irritably telling him to shut it, Vince often has a habit of copying what others have said, sometimes even if they have just said it in their minds, which Bad Bob finds really annoying. Many one-off and recurring characters in Rex The Runt are voiced by various well-known UK celebrities and these include, Doctor Dogg is a medical doctor. Moustachioed, complacent and greedy, hes an opportunistic money-grabber, whose charge for any treatment is ten quid - regardless of whether the cure works or does more harm than good. He isnt above using the characters in medical research. Arthur Dustcart, another character, who first makes an appearance in the last episode of the first series. He is an ugly but experienced dustman, sporting sleepy mismatched eyes, a neckerchief, a pair of dirty underpants, despite his grotesque appearance and smell, he and Wendy get on rather well, much to the annoyance of Rex
Rex the Runt
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The main characters. (Left to right) Vince, Wendy, Bad Bob and Rex
