José de la Serna e Hinojosa, 1st Count of the Andes was a Spanish general and colonial official. He was the last Spanish viceroy of Peru to exercise effective power.

The Viceroyalty of Peru, officially known as the Kingdom of Peru, was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed from the capital of Lima. Peru was one of the two Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.