1.
Vienna
–
Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austrias primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million, and its cultural, economic and it is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin, Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region, along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the worlds first psycho-analyst – Sigmund Freud. The citys roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city and it is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first for the worlds most liveable cities, between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne, Australia. Monocles 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within, the UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is used as a case study by urban planners. Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the worlds number-one destination for international congresses and it attracts over 3.7 million tourists a year. The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian version of the name or the French Vienne. The etymology of the name is still subject to scholarly dispute. Some claim that the name comes from Vedunia, meaning forest stream, which produced the Old High German Uuenia. A variant of this Celtic name could be preserved in the Czech and Slovak names of the city, the name of the city in Hungarian, Serbo-Croatian and Ottoman Turkish has a different, probably Slavonic origin, and originally referred to an Avar fort in the area. Slovene-speakers call the city Dunaj, which in other Central European Slavic languages means the Danube River, evidence has been found of continuous habitation since 500 BC, when the site of Vienna on the Danube River was settled by the Celts. In 15 BC, the Romans fortified the city they called Vindobona to guard the empire against Germanic tribes to the north
Vienna
Vienna
Vienna
Vienna
2.
Austria-Hungary
–
The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867. Austria-Hungary consisted of two monarchies, and one region, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown. It was ruled by the House of Habsburg, and constituted the last phase in the evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co-equal, Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight, but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states. Austria-Hungary was a state and one of the worlds great powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at 621,538 km2, the Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world, after the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. After 1878, Bosnia and Herzegovina was under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian rule until it was annexed in 1908. The annexation of Bosnia also led to Islam being recognized as a state religion due to Bosnias Muslim population. Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I and it was already effectively dissolved by the time the military authorities signed the armistice of Villa Giusti on 3 November 1918. The realms full, official name was The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, each enjoyed considerable sovereignty with only a few joint affairs. Certain regions, such as Polish Galicia within Cisleithania and Croatia within Transleithania, enjoyed autonomous status, the division between Austria and Hungary was so marked that there was no common citizenship, one was either an Austrian citizen or a Hungarian citizen, never both. This also meant that there were always separate Austrian and Hungarian passports, however, neither Austrian nor Hungarian passports were used in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia-Dalmatia. Instead, the Kingdom issued its own passports which were written in Croatian and French and it is not known what kind of passports were used in Bosnia-Herzegovina, which was under the control of both Austria and Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary had always maintained a separate parliament, the Diet of Hungary, the administration and government of the Kingdom of Hungary remained largely untouched by the government structure of the overarching Austrian Empire. Hungarys central government structures remained well separated from the Austrian imperial government, the country was governed by the Council of Lieutenancy of Hungary – located in Pressburg and later in Pest – and by the Hungarian Royal Court Chancellery in Vienna. The Hungarian government and Hungarian parliament were suspended after the Hungarian revolution of 1848, despite Austria and Hungary sharing a common currency, they were fiscally sovereign and independent entities. Since the beginnings of the union, the government of the Kingdom of Hungary could preserve its separated. After the revolution of 1848–1849, the Hungarian budget was amalgamated with the Austrian, from 1527 to 1851, the Kingdom of Hungary maintained its own customs controls, which separated her from the other parts of the Habsburg-ruled territories
Austria-Hungary
–
Franz Joseph I. (1885)
Austria-Hungary
–
Civil Ensign
Austria-Hungary
–
Austrian Parliament Building
Austria-Hungary
–
Hungarian Parliament Building
3.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
Hollywood, California
–
The Four Ladies installation at the
Hollywood Boulevard –
La Brea Avenue Gateway
Hollywood, California
–
Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.
Hollywood, California
–
Hollywood Hotel, 1905
Hollywood, California
–
The intersection of
Hollywood and Highland, 1907
4.
Fort Lee, New Jersey
–
Fort Lee is a borough at the eastern border of Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, in the New York City Metropolitan Area, situated atop the Hudson Palisades. The borough is the terminus of the George Washington Bridge and is located across the Hudson River from the Manhattan borough of New York City. Named for the site of an early American Revolutionary War military encampment, according to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.888 square miles, including 2.541 square miles of land and 0.347 square miles of water. The borough is situated atop the escarpment of the Hudson Palisades on the peninsula between the Hackensack and Hudson rivers, the borough is bisected by the confluence of roads at GWB Plaza leading to the George Washington Bridge. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Coytesville, Palisade, the borough borders Cliffside Park, Edgewater, Englewood, Englewood Cliffs, Leonia, Palisades Park, Ridgefield. and the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan. It was during Washingtons retreat in November 1776 that Thomas Paine composed his pamphlet, The American Crisis and these events are recalled at Monument Park and Fort Lee Historic Park. Fort Lee was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 29,1904, with the creation of Fort Lee, Ridgefield Township became defunct and was dissolved as of March 29,1904. The Fort Lee Police Department was formed under borough ordinance on August 9,1904, the history of cinema in the United States can trace its roots to the East Coast where, at one time, Fort Lee was the motion picture capital of America. The industry got its start at the end of the 19th century with the construction of Thomas Edisons Black Maria, in 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. They were quickly followed by others who either built new studios or who leased facilities in Fort Lee, such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios. With the offshoot businesses that sprang up to service, the film studios, however, just as the development of Fort Lee production facilities were gaining strength, Nestor Studios of Bayonne, New Jersey, built the first studio in Hollywood in 1911. Californias more hospitable and cost-effective climate led to the shift of virtually all filmmaking to the West Coast by the 1930s. At the time, Thomas Edison owned almost all the relevant to motion picture production. Television and film in New Jersey remains an important industry, since 2000, the Fort Lee Film Commission has been charged with celebrating the history of film in Fort Lee, as well as attracting film and television production companies to the borough. In 1957, market researcher James Vicary claimed that quickly flashing messages on a screen, in Fort Lee, had influenced people to purchase more food. Vicary coined the term subliminal advertising and formed the Subliminal Projection Company based on a six-week test, Vicary claimed that during the presentation of the movie Picnic he used a tachistoscope to project the words Drink Coca-Cola and Hungry. Eat popcorn for 1/3000 of a second at five-second intervals, Vicary asserted that during the test, sales of popcorn and Coke in that New Jersey theater increased 57. 8% and 18. 1% respectively. In 1962, Vicary admitted to lying about the experiment and falsifying the results, an identical experiment conducted by Henry Link showed no increase in cola or popcorn sales
Fort Lee, New Jersey
–
Fort Lee, New Jersey in the foreground, connected by the
George Washington Bridge to
Upper Manhattan,
New York City across the
Hudson River, in the background.
Fort Lee, New Jersey
–
Map highlighting Fort Lee's location within Bergen County. Inset: Bergen County's location within New Jersey
Fort Lee, New Jersey
–
The
George Washington Bridge, connecting Fort Lee (above) in
Bergen County across the
Hudson River to
New York City, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge. One of two 47-story residential
skyscrapers, Bergen County's tallest, is seen under construction near the gateway to the bridge in December 2013.
Fort Lee, New Jersey
–
Established
residential high-rises are a prominent feature of the
borough of Fort Lee, with
several over 300 feet tall.
5.
Emile Chautard
–
Émile Chautard was a French-American film director, actor, and screenwriter, most active in the silent era. He directed 107 films between 1910 and 1924 and he also appeared in 66 films between 1911 and 1934. From 1914 to about 1918, Chautard worked for the World Film Company based in Fort Lee, in 1919 Chautard hired von Sternberg as his assistant director for the film version of The Mystery of the Yellow Room, for his own short-lived production company. Choosing Hollywood over a return to France, Chautard went to work for Famous Players-Lasky and he received some high-profile assignments, for instance a Colleen Moore vehicle and two features for Derelys Perdue, but he was a generation older than other directors in Hollywoods French colony. After 1924 Chautard did not direct again, but continued to film appearances, in the von Sternberg film Blonde Venus. Chautard died in Los Angeles, California and he is interred at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Emile Chautard at the Internet Movie Database Emile Chautard at Find a Grave
Emile Chautard
–
Director
Frank Borzage, center, with cast members (from left)
Charles Farrell,
George E. Stone (reclining), Émile Chautard, and
David Butler on the battlefield set of
7th Heaven (1927)
6.
Charlie Chaplin
–
Sir Charles Spencer Charlie Chaplin, KBE was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame during the era of silent film. Chaplin became an icon through his screen persona the Tramp and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of the film industry. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, Chaplins childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship. As his father was absent and his mother struggled financially, he was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine, when he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor. At 19, he was signed to the prestigious Fred Karno company, Chaplin was scouted for the film industry and began appearing in 1914 for Keystone Studios. He soon developed the Tramp persona and formed a fan base. Chaplin directed his own films from a stage and continued to hone his craft as he moved to the Essanay, Mutual. By 1918, he was one of the figures in the world. In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him control over his films. His first feature-length was The Kid, followed by A Woman of Paris, The Gold Rush and he refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights and Modern Times without dialogue. Chaplin became increasingly political, and his film, The Great Dictator. The 1940s were a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and he was accused of communist sympathies, while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women caused scandal. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the United States and he abandoned the Tramp in his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux, Limelight, A King in New York, and A Countess from Hong Kong. Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, starred in and he was a perfectionist, and his financial independence enabled him to spend years on the development and production of a picture. His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos, typified in the Tramps struggles against adversity, many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. In 1972, as part of an appreciation for his work. He continues to be held in regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times
Charlie Chaplin
–
Publicity portrait,
circa 1920
Charlie Chaplin
–
Seven-year-old Chaplin (centre) at the
Central London District School for
paupers, 1897.
Charlie Chaplin
–
A teenage Chaplin in the play
Sherlock Holmes, which he appeared in between 1903 and 1906
Charlie Chaplin
–
Advertisement from Chaplin's American tour with the
Fred Karno comedy company, 1913
7.
Emil Jannings
–
Emil Jannings was a German actor, popular in 1920s Hollywood. He was the first Oscar recipient, honored with the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 1929 ceremony, to date, he is still the only German to have won the Best Actor Oscar. Jannings is best known for his collaborations with F. W. Murnau and Josef von Sternberg, including 1930s The Blue Angel, with Marlene Dietrich. Der blaue Engel was meant as a vehicle for Jannings to score a place for himself in the new medium of sound film, Jannings later starred in a number of Nazi propaganda films, which made him unemployable as an actor after the fall of the Third Reich. He was christened Theodor Friedrich Emil Janenz in Rorschach, Switzerland, the son of Emil Janenz, an American businessman from St. Louis, and his wife Margarethe, originally from Germany. Jannings held German citizenship, while he was young the family moved to Leipzig in the German Empire. Jannings ran away from school and went to sea, when he returned to Görlitz, his mother finally allowed him to begin a traineeship at the town state theatre, where Jannings started his stage career. From 1901 onwards he worked with theatre companies in Bremen, Nuremberg, Leipzig, Königsberg. Jannings made his breakthrough in 1918 with his role as Judge Adam in Kleists Broken Jug at the Schauspielhaus, Jannings was a theater actor who went into films, though he remained dissatisfied with the limited expressive possibilities in the silent era. Having signed a contract with the UFA production company, he starred in Die Augen der Mumie Ma and Madame DuBarry, both with Pola Negri in the main female part. He also performed in the 1922 film version of Othello and in F. W. Murnaus The Last Laugh, as a proud, Jannings worked with Murnau on two other films, playing the title character in Herr Tartüff, and as Mephistopheles in Faust. His increasing popularity enabled Jannings to sign an agreement with Paramount Pictures and eventually follow his acting colleagues Lubitsch and he started his career in 1927 with The Way of All Flesh directed by Victor Fleming and in the following year performed in Josef von Sternbergs The Last Command. In 1929 Jannings won the first Best Actor Oscar for his work in both films and he and Sternberg also cooperated in Street of Sin, though they actually differed about Jannings acting in front of the camera. His Hollywood career came to an end with the advent of talkies as his thick German accent was difficult to understand and his dialogue was initially dubbed by another actor in the part-talkie The Patriot directed by Ernst Lubitsch, although Jannings own voice was restored after he objected. Returning to Europe, he starred opposite Marlene Dietrich in the 1930 film The Blue Angel, according to Susan Orlean, author of Rin Tin Tin, The Life and The Legend, Jannings was not actually the winner of the first best actor vote, but the runner-up. While researching her book, Orlean discovered that it was in fact Rin Tin Tin, the German Shepherd dog, one of the biggest movie stars of his time, who won the vote. The Academy, however, worried about not being taken seriously if they gave the first Oscar to a dog, after the Nazi Machtergreifung in 1933, Jannings continued his career in the service of Nazism and cinema. He also performed in his role in The Broken Jug directed by Gustav Ucicky
Emil Jannings
–
Oscar winner Jannings back in Berlin, May 1929
Emil Jannings
–
Jannings as Kreon in
Hasenclever 's Antigone,
Großes Schauspielhaus, 1920
Emil Jannings
–
Jannings with Minister Goebbels on
Wolfgangsee, 1938
8.
Der blaue Engel
–
The Blue Angel is a 1930 German tragicomedic film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Emil Jannings, Marlene Dietrich and Kurt Gerron. Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollmöller and Robert Liebmann – with uncredited contributions by Sternberg – it is based on Heinrich Manns 1905 novel Professor Unrat, the Blue Angel presents the tragic transformation of a respectable professor to a cabaret clown and his descent into madness. The film is the first feature-length German full-talkie and brought Dietrich international fame, in addition, it introduced her signature song, Friedrich Hollaender and Robert Liebmanns Falling in Love Again. It is considered to be a classic of German cinema, the film was shot simultaneously in German- and English-language versions, although the latter version was thought lost for many years. The German version is considered to be superior, it is longer. Immanuel Rath is an educator at the local Gymnasium in Weimar Germany. Motivated by this, Rath punishes several of his students for circulating photographs of the beautiful Lola Lola, hoping to catch the boys at the club, Rath goes there later that evening, to meet and confront Lola herself. His experience at the cabaret is however, not what he had expected, and his sense of mission, as the guardian of moral rectitude and the mores of the haute bourgeoisie, simply vanish, as the fictions that they always were. Raths all consuming desire for Lola, becomes his new personal mission, when he returns to the night club the following evening to return a pair of panties that were smuggled into his coat by one of his students, he ends up staying the night with her. The next morning, reeling from his night of passion, Rath arrives late to school to find his classroom in chaos, Raths position at the academy becomes untenable. He cant, pretend to his students and fellow faculty, to stand for the derision of low morals. Yet, to indulge himself, in the servile obsequiousness of the much older man. So he eventually resigns from his position at the academy to marry Lola, but of course their happiness is short-lived, as Rath becomes humiliatingly dependent on Lola. After several years he is forced to take a position as a clown in Lolas cabaret troupe to pay the bills and his growing insecurities about Lolas profession as a shared woman eventually consume him with lust and jealousy. The troupe returns to his hometown and The Blue Angel, where he is ridiculed and berated by the patrons, the very people he himself used to deride. As Rath performs his last act, he witnesses his wife embrace and kiss the strongman Mazeppa, her new love interest and he attempts to strangle Lola but is beaten down by the other members of the troupe and locked in a straitjacket. Later that night, Rath is freed and makes his way towards his old classroom, rejected, humiliated, and destitute, he dies in remorse, clenching the desk at which he once taught. By Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, from the opera The Magic Flute Sternberg called the story the downfall of an enamored man, and he calls Rath. a figure of self-satisfied dignity brought low
Der blaue Engel
–
film poster
Der blaue Engel
–
Marlene Dietrich in The Blue Angel
9.
The Blue Angel
–
The Blue Angel is a 1930 German tragicomedic film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Emil Jannings, Marlene Dietrich and Kurt Gerron. Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollmöller and Robert Liebmann – with uncredited contributions by Sternberg – it is based on Heinrich Manns 1905 novel Professor Unrat, the Blue Angel presents the tragic transformation of a respectable professor to a cabaret clown and his descent into madness. The film is the first feature-length German full-talkie and brought Dietrich international fame, in addition, it introduced her signature song, Friedrich Hollaender and Robert Liebmanns Falling in Love Again. It is considered to be a classic of German cinema, the film was shot simultaneously in German- and English-language versions, although the latter version was thought lost for many years. The German version is considered to be superior, it is longer. Immanuel Rath is an educator at the local Gymnasium in Weimar Germany. Motivated by this, Rath punishes several of his students for circulating photographs of the beautiful Lola Lola, hoping to catch the boys at the club, Rath goes there later that evening, to meet and confront Lola herself. His experience at the cabaret is however, not what he had expected, and his sense of mission, as the guardian of moral rectitude and the mores of the haute bourgeoisie, simply vanish, as the fictions that they always were. Raths all consuming desire for Lola, becomes his new personal mission, when he returns to the night club the following evening to return a pair of panties that were smuggled into his coat by one of his students, he ends up staying the night with her. The next morning, reeling from his night of passion, Rath arrives late to school to find his classroom in chaos, Raths position at the academy becomes untenable. He cant, pretend to his students and fellow faculty, to stand for the derision of low morals. Yet, to indulge himself, in the servile obsequiousness of the much older man. So he eventually resigns from his position at the academy to marry Lola, but of course their happiness is short-lived, as Rath becomes humiliatingly dependent on Lola. After several years he is forced to take a position as a clown in Lolas cabaret troupe to pay the bills and his growing insecurities about Lolas profession as a shared woman eventually consume him with lust and jealousy. The troupe returns to his hometown and The Blue Angel, where he is ridiculed and berated by the patrons, the very people he himself used to deride. As Rath performs his last act, he witnesses his wife embrace and kiss the strongman Mazeppa, her new love interest and he attempts to strangle Lola but is beaten down by the other members of the troupe and locked in a straitjacket. Later that night, Rath is freed and makes his way towards his old classroom, rejected, humiliated, and destitute, he dies in remorse, clenching the desk at which he once taught. By Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, from the opera The Magic Flute Sternberg called the story the downfall of an enamored man, and he calls Rath. a figure of self-satisfied dignity brought low
The Blue Angel
–
film poster
The Blue Angel
–
Marlene Dietrich in The Blue Angel
10.
Marlene Dietrich
–
Marie Magdalene Marlene Dietrich was a German actress and singer who held both German and American citizenship. Throughout her unusually long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, in the 1920s in Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel brought her international fame, Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as Morocco, Shanghai Express, and Desire. She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she still made occasional films after the war, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was noted for her efforts during the war, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received honors from the United States, France, Belgium. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema, Dietrich was born on 27 December 1901 on Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin. She was the younger of two daughters of Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine and Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898, Dietrichs mother was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and clock making firm. Her father was a lieutenant who died in 1907. Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrichs surname was never von Losch, Dietrichs family nicknamed her Lena and Lene. Around age 11, she contracted her two first names to form the name Marlene, Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls School from 1907 to 1917 and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule in 1918. She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed by a wrist injury and she was fired after only four weeks. Her earliest professional stage appearances were as a girl on tour with Guido Thielschers Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments. She did not attract any attention at first. She made her film debut playing a bit part in the film The Little Napoleon and she met her future husband, Rudolf Sieber, on the set of Tragödie der Liebe in 1923. Dietrich and Sieber were married in a ceremony in Berlin on 17 May 1923
Marlene Dietrich
–
Dietrich in her breakthrough role, Lola-Lola in
Der blaue Engel (The Blue Angel)
Marlene Dietrich
–
Dietrich in 1951
Marlene Dietrich
–
Marlene Dietrich signing a soldier's cast in
Belgium, 1944.
Marlene Dietrich
–
Dietrich often performed parts of her show in
top hat and tails. Caricature by Hans Georg Pfannmüller showing Dietrich during a cabaret performance in 1954.
11.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
The Academy Award for Best Director is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of a director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry. However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year, the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 89 films that have been awarded Best Picture,63 have also been awarded Best Director, since its inception, the award has been given to 69 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four, william Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. As of the 2017 ceremony, Damien Chazelle is the most recent winner in category for his work on La La Land. Chazelle also became the youngest director in history to receive this award, two directing teams have shared the award, Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the siblings to have won the award. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933. Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full calendar year from January 1 to December 31. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com
Academy Award for Best Director
–
Frank Borzage, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
Lewis Milestone, co-winner of the first award.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
John Ford has the most awards with four.
Academy Award for Best Director
–
Clint Eastwood is the oldest winner for directing
Million Dollar Baby.
12.
Morocco (film)
–
Morocco is a 1930 American Pre-Code romance drama film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring Gary Cooper, Marlene Dietrich, and Adolphe Menjou. The film is most famous for the scene in which Dietrich performs a song dressed in a tailcoat and kisses another woman. Morocco was nominated for four Academy Awards in the categories of Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography and Best Director. In 1992, Morocco was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, the film is set in the late 1920s. It opens in Morocco, with the French Foreign Legion returning from a campaign, among them is Légionnaire Private Tom Brown. Meanwhile, on a bound for Morocco is the disillusioned nightclub singer Amy Jolly. Wealthy La Bessière attempts to make her acquaintance, offering to assist her on her first trip to Morocco, when she politely refuses any help, he gives her his calling card, which she later tears up and tosses away. They meet again at the nightclub where she is a new headliner, also in the audience is Private Tom Brown. Amy, who comes out in a tophat and tails, is first greeted by boos, Tom begins to clap, interrupting their jeers, and others follow suit. After the noise subsides she sings her number and is met with ecstatic applause, seeing a woman in the audience with a flower in her hair, she asks if she may keep it, to which the woman responds of course. She playfully kisses the woman on the mouth, and throws the flower to Private Tom Brown and her second performance, this time in feminine dress, is also a hit. After the number she sells apples to the audience, including La Bessière, when Amy gives the latter his change, she slips him her key. That night, Tom sets out to take Amy up on her offer, on the street he encounters Adjudant Caesars wife. It is clear that she has a past clandestine relationship with him, which she desires intensely to maintain, entering Amys house, they become acquainted. Her house is plastered with photos from her past, which she, like a Foreign Legion soldier and he asks Amy if the man in the photographs is her husband, and she answers that she has never found someone good enough, a sentiment shared by Tom. She has become embittered with life and men after repeated betrayals and he answers that he is the wrong man for that, and that no one should have faith in him. As they talk, she finds herself coming to like him, unwilling to risk heartbreak once again, she asks him to leave before anything serious happens. As he leaves, he encounters Caesars wife again and her husband, Toms commanding officer, watches undetected from the shadows
Morocco (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Morocco (film)
–
Gary Cooper and
Marlene Dietrich
13.
Shanghai Express (film)
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Shanghai Express is a 1932 American Pre-Code film directed by Josef von Sternberg, starring Marlene Dietrich, Clive Brook, Anna May Wong, and Warner Oland. It was written by Jules Furthman, based on a 1931 story by Harry Hervey, Shanghai Express was the fourth of seven films von Sternberg and Dietrich made together. Shanghai Express was released during the midst of the Great Depression, the film was a huge hit with the public, grossing $3. Shanghai Express was remade as Night Plane from Chungking and Peking Express, in 1931, China is embroiled in a civil war. Friends of British Captain Donald Doc Harvey envy him because the fabulously notorious Shanghai Lily is a passenger on the express train from Beiping to Shanghai. Since the name means nothing to him, they inform him that she is a coaster or woman who lives by her wits along the China coast – in other words, on the journey, Harvey encounters Lily, who turns out to be his former lover, Magdalen. Five years earlier, she had played a trick on Harvey to gauge his love for her and she frankly informs him that, in the interim, It took more than one man to change my name to Shanghai Lily. When Lily makes it clear that she cares deeply for him, it becomes apparent that his feelings also have not changed. Chinese government soldiers board and search the train and apprehend a high-ranking rebel agent, Chang then makes his way to a telegraph office and sends a coded message. Later, the train is stopped and taken over by the army and its powerful warlord. Chang begins to question the passengers, looking for someone important enough to exchange for his valued aide and he finds what he wants in Harvey, who is on his way to perform brain surgery on the Governor-General of Shanghai. Chang offers to take Shanghai Lily to his palace, but she claims she has reformed, when Chang refuses to accept her answer, Harvey breaks in and knocks him down. Because Chang needs Harvey alive, he swallows the insult, Chang then has Hui Fei brought to him in his quarters, where he forces himself on her. The government releases Changs man, but Chang decides to blind Harvey for his insolence, out of love, Lily offers herself in return for Harveys safe release. Harvey remains unaware of the danger he is in and Lilys reason for going with Chang, Chang is stabbed to death by Hui Fei who tells Harvey what has transpired. Finding Lily, the boards the train and depart before the body is discovered. The missionary Carmichael, trusting his instincts, gets Lily to reveal the truth about saving Harvey and she insists that he not enlighten Harvey, because love must go hand in hand with faith. When the train finally reaches Shanghai safely, Lily offers Harvey her love unconditionally, Harvey finally breaks down and embraces her
Shanghai Express (film)
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Theatrical lobby card
Shanghai Express (film)
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Anna May Wong in one of her rare appearances in a major role during the 1930s, appeared with Marlene Dietrich in Shanghai Express.
14.
Jewish
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
Jewish
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Baruch Spinoza
Jewish
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David Ben-Gurion
Jewish
–
George Gershwin
Jewish
–
Map of
Canaan
15.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
16.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
–
Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
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New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
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The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
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Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
17.
Jamaica High School (New York City)
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Jamaica High School was a four-year public high school in Jamaica, Queens, New York. The school was administered by the New York City Department of Education, the schools landmark campus, located at the corner of 167th Street and Gothic Drive, remains open and is now officially known as the Jamaica Educational Campus. It houses four smaller separately-administered public high schools share facilities. Jamaica High School first conducted classes in January 1897 in a building at 162-02 Hillside Avenue that was designed by William Tubby, at that time, the school was administered by the Board of Education of the independent Town of Jamaica. Over time, three annexes were added to the school building, in the early 1920s it was clear that a new, larger building would be necessary. Construction of what would become the present building began in 1925. The Board of Education retained control of the building and put it to various uses over the years. It housed the Jamaica Learning Center, a public high school. The present school building, designed by William H. Gompert in the Georgian Revival style, at the time of construction, the school building was the largest in the United States, it earned designation as a New York City landmark in 2009. In its heyday in 1950, Jamaica High Schools enrollment of 4,600 students was the largest in all of Queens, in 2009, the New York City Department of Education made plans to close the school, citing a graduation rate that has stagnated below 50% for years. This decision was challenged in court, but by 2011 the Board of Education began to phase out Jamaica High School, the building, now officially the Jamaica Educational Campus, remains in use and houses smaller public high schools that share facilities and sports teams. As of 2010, four schools, each with a faculty and admissions procedures. They are, The first Queens High School to win a Girls New York City Track Championship, from 1986-2009, under coach Alan Coles, the Girls Track team won 6 New York City Track Championships, and was the runner-up in two others. The team won over 35 Queens Championships in Cross-Country, Indoor, in 2007 the track team won the New Balance Award for academic excellence, community service, and athletic accomplishments. Principals for a Day included actors Ed Lover and Steve Harvey, bob Beamon,1965, Olympic athlete and world record holder in the long jump for 23 years. Marcie Blane,1959 as Marcia Blank, pop singer, paul Bowles,1928, author and composer. Art Buchwald,1943, Pulitzer Prize-winning humorist and cartoonist, the Cleftones, Charlie James,1955, William McClane,1955, Herb Cox,1955, Berman Patterson,1955, and Warren Corbin,1955. William Jelani Cobb,1987, author Francis Ford Coppola, film director Whitfield Diffie,1961, cryptographer, ashrita Furman, set more than 160 official Guinness records Stephen Jay Gould,1958, paleontologist, geologist, historian of science Laura Z. Hobson,1917, author
Jamaica High School (New York City)
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Present building completed in 1927
Jamaica High School (New York City)
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Former building on Hillside Ave., completed 1897
Jamaica High School (New York City)
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The present building with its generous lawn
18.
William A. Brady
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William Aloysius Brady was an American theatre actor, producer and sports promoter. Brady was born to a newspaperman in 1863 and his father kidnapped him from San Francisco and brought him to New York City, where his father worked as a writer while William was forced to sell newspapers on street corners. Upon his fathers death when William was 15, he hitchhiked his way back to San Francisco and he made his start on the stage in San Francisco, California with a company headed by Joseph R. Grismer and Phoebe Davies shortly after his return. As a callboy in The White Slave, he filled in a role for an ill actor, and started his career. After a failed attempt to produce a version of She by H. Rider Haggard, he was able to secure the rights to After Dark, successfully bringing the play to New York. While Brady was sued for his efforts, as Augustin Daly claimed plagiarism, Brady inadvertently became a boxing promoter during this time. He cast James J. Jeffries in After Dark, and later introduced the man into the boxing circuit, Brady would be the only person to manage two undisputed heavyweight champions, in Jeffries and James J. Corbett. Brady produced The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight in 1897, although Corbett ultimately lost, the match ran for over an hour and a half, and the documentary lasted that long, the longest film ever released at the time. In 1898 Brady and Grismer produced the hugely successful Charlotte Blair Parker play, Way Down East, the two remained partners until Grismers retirement sometime around 1909. Brady ran a successful operation for thirty years, having met actresses like Grace George and having, at one point. Bradys success continued until the Stock Market Crash of 1929, which wiped out his entire savings and he was able to secure the funds to produce Street Scene, which was written by Elmer Rice, won the Pulitzer Prize, and netted Brady a half a million dollars. His total theatrical output included over 260 plays, including a version of Uncle Toms Cabin that was used as images for a book in 1904. William A. Brady died at age 86 of a heart ailment and he is interred at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Sleepy Hollow, New York. His first wife was Rose Marie Rene and with her was the father of actress Mary Rose Brady and his second wife was the well known Broadway actress Grace George who bore him a son, William A. Brady, Jr. who married the actress Katherine Alexander. His grandchildren are Donald Crane and Barbara Brady He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1998, alias Jimmy Valentine What Happened to Jones The Beloved Adventuress American Heritage, William A. Brady. Billy Altman, Laughters Gentle Soul, The Life of Robert Benchley, William A. Brady, Showman, My Life Story. New York, E. P. Dutton,1937, Uncle Toms Cabin, or, Life Among the Lowly. New York, R. F. Fenno & Company,1904, William A. Brady at the Internet Movie Database
William A. Brady
–
Brady circa 1910/1913.
William A. Brady
–
Brady gravesite in Sleepy Hollow
19.
The Mystery of the Yellow Room
–
The Mystery of the Yellow Room is a mystery novel written by French author Gaston Leroux. One of the first locked-room mystery novels, it was first published serially in France in the periodical LIllustration from September 1907 to November 1907, then in its own right in 1908. It is the first novel starring fictional reporter Joseph Rouletabille and concerns a complex, Leroux provides the reader with detailed, precise diagrams and floorplans illustrating the crime scene. The emphasis of the story is firmly on the challenge to the reader. The novel finds its continuation in The Perfume of the Lady in Black, reporter and amateur sleuth Joseph Rouletabille is sent to investigate a criminal case at the Château du Glandier and takes along his friend the lawyer Sainclair, who narrates. She recovers slowly but can make no useful testimony, Larsan suspects Ms Stangersons fiancé, another scientist called Robert Darzac, to Rouletabilles dismay. The game-keeper is murdered during the second attempt, ultimately, Larsan arrests Darzac who is charged with murder attempts. Rouletabille suspects that Darzac has secret reasons not to defend himself, Larsan appeared to vanish on the two occasions he was nearly collared as he was one of the pursuers. Darzac is released when it emerges that Larsan has vanished after Rouletabille warned him he would accuse him in court. The mystery of the locked Yellow Room is explained thus, Larsan assaulted Ms Stangerson earlier in the day than originally thought, but she hid the traces of the attack and locked herself away. During the night, traumatised by the event, she fell off her bed and inflicted the gravest of the wounds by hitting her temple on the corner of her bed-side table, the background to these events is kept secret in court but finally explained by Sainclair. Ballmeyer, in a different guise, had seduced Ms Stangerson in her youth and they had a child before he was arrested and his identity revealed to her. Ballmeyer however, hearing that she was engaged, had decided to reappear in her life and claim her as his wife once more, agatha Christie admired the novel and in her early years said she would like to try writing such a book. In a poll of 17 mystery writers and reviewers, this novel was voted the third-best locked-room mystery of all time, behind The Hollow Man and Hake Talbots Rim of the Pit. Radio, Gaston Leroux — The Mystery of the Yellow Room, BBC Radio 4,1998, starring Nicholas Boulton and Geoffrey Whitehead 1907, France, Lillustration, November 1907, magazine serial 1908, France, Editions Jacques Lafitte, Pub date. 1908, hardback 1934, UK, Oxford University Press, Pub date, december 1934, paperback 1977, UK, Dover Publications, Pub date. April 1977, paperback 1978, UK, Remploy, Pub date 25 August 1978, hardback 1996, US, Books on Tape, january 1996, audio book 1996, US, Buccaneer Books, Pub date
The Mystery of the Yellow Room
–
Cover of the 1908 first edition
20.
Elliott Dexter
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Elliott Dexter was an American film and stage actor. Dexter started his career in vaudeville and did not move to films until he was 45 and he retired from acting in 1925. Dexter married silent film actress Marie Doro in 1915, however, the union was brief and the couple soon divorced, having had no children. Elliott Dexter at the Internet Movie Database Elliott Dexter at Find a Grave
Elliott Dexter
–
Dexter in 1920
21.
By Divine Right
–
By Divine Right is a Canadian indie rock band led by the guitarist and vocalist José Miguel Contreras. The band was formed in 1989 by high school friends Contreras, drummer Mark Goldstein, bass guitarist Liz Teear and they issued a number of independent releases before signing to Squirtgun Records for their 1997 album All Hail Discordia. This recording was re-released by Squirtgun/Nettwerk, bass guitarist Brendan Canning and guitarist Leslie Feist joined the band for their 1999 release Bless This Mess. Canning and Feist later left the band, and have both been involved with Broken Social Scene, in 2003, By Divine Right became one of the only Canadian bands to do a concert tour of China. From 2001 to 2004, the line up consisted of Contreras, Colleen Hixenbaugh, Brian Borcherdt, John Hall. In 2004, drummer John Hall was replaced by Cam Giroux, while Borcherdt, Hudecki was replaced by Darcy Rego and then Michael Small, both of The Meligrove Band, for tours of the United States, Canada and Britain supporting Sweet Confusion. Filling in on drums for some dates was Loel Campbell of Wintersleep, in May 2008, By Divine Right opened a show for The Golden Dogs at the Horseshoe Tavern in Toronto with yet another new line up, consisting of Contreras, Heyduk and Darcy Rego returning on drums. Mutant Message, the bands first album since Sweet Confusion in 2004, was released in Canada in 2009 on the Toronto Arts imprint Hand Drawn Dracula label, the album has José Contreras, Stew Heyduk and Darcy Rego with guest vocals by Jason Nunes and Lily Frost. By Divine Rights first tours since 2005 followed, with a new drummer, David Joseph, music videos were released for the songs I Love a Girl, Cupid in Oilskins and I Will Hook You Up. The bands line up changed again after these tours, with Dylan Hudecki and Darcy Rego each filling in before the current members Geordie Dynes, by Divine Right’s ninth album, Organized Accidents, was scheduled for release on May 7,2013, by Hand Drawn Dracula. In 2014 José Contreras released his solo album via Squirtgun Records
By Divine Right
–
Performing at the 2015
Hillside Festival
22.
Erich von Stroheim
–
Erich von Stroheim was an Austrian-American director, actor and producer, most notable as being a film star of the silent era, subsequently noted as an auteur for his directorial work. He died in 1957 in France, at age 71, Stroheim was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1885 as Erich Oswald Stroheim, the son of Benno Stroheim, a middle-class hat-maker, and Johanna Bondy, both of whom were observant Jews. Stroheim emigrated to America at the end of 1909, Jean Renoir writes in his memoirs, “Stroheim spoke hardly any German. He had to study his lines like a schoolboy learning a foreign language. ”Later, while living in Europe, in Renoirs movie la Grande Illusion, Stroheim speaks German with a strong American accent. By 1914 he was working in Hollywood and he began working in movies in bit-parts and as a consultant on German culture and fashion. His first film, in 1915, was The Country Boy in which he was uncredited and his first credited role came in Old Heidelberg. He began working with D. W. Griffith, taking uncredited roles in Intolerance, additionally, Stroheim acted as one of the many assistant directors on Intolerance, a film remembered in part for its huge cast of extras. Later, with Americas entry into World War I, he played sneering German villains in films as Sylvia of the Secret Service. In The Heart of Humanity, he tears the buttons from a uniform with his teeth. Following the end of the war, Stroheim turned to writing and he also starred in the film. As a director, Stroheim was known to be dictatorial and demanding and he is considered one of the greatest directors of the silent era, creating films that represent cynical and romantic views of human nature. His next directorial efforts were the lost film The Devils Pass Key and Foolish Wives, studio publicity for Foolish Wives claimed that it was the first film to cost one million dollars. In 1923, Stroheim began work on Merry-Go-Round and he cast the American actor Norman Kerry as Count Franz Maximilian von Hohenegg, a part written for himself, and newcomer Mary Philbin in the lead actress role. However studio executive Irving Thalberg fired Stroheim during filming and replaced him with director Rupert Julian, probably Stroheims best remembered work as a director is Greed, a detailed filming of the novel McTeague by Frank Norris. He originally started it as a project with Samuel Goldwyns Goldwyn Pictures, Stroheim had long wanted to do a film version of the book. He originally intended it to be a detailed reproduction of the original, shot mostly at the locations described in the book in San Francisco. Von Stroheim shot in San Francisco with his actors in period dress, automobiles can be seen in the background of some scenes and any extras or passersby are in modern clothing. When the production did move to Death Valley it was in the middle of summer, Greed is also considered by some film historians to be the first feature-length film shot on location
Erich von Stroheim
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Erich von Stroheim
Erich von Stroheim
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Erich von Stroheim as Sergius Karamzin in Foolish Wives
Erich von Stroheim
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Stroheim also participated in plays. He is seen here as Jonathan Brewster in the Broadway version of
Arsenic and Old Lace. Stroheim assumed the role from
Boris Karloff and was part of the cast from circa 1941 to 1943.
23.
Douglas Fairbanks
–
Douglas Fairbanks was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He was best known for his roles in silent films such as The Thief of Bagdad, Robin Hood. Fairbanks was a member of United Artists. Fairbanks was also a member of The Motion Picture Academy. With his marriage to Mary Pickford in 1920, the couple became Hollywood royalty and Fairbanks was referred to as The King of Hollywood, a nickname later passed on to actor Clark Gable. Though widely considered as one of the biggest stars in Hollywood during the 1910s and 1920s and his final film was The Private Life of Don Juan. Fairbanks was born Douglas Elton Thomas Ullman in Denver, Colorado and he had two half-brothers, John Fairbanks, Jr. and Norris Wilcox, and a full brother, Robert Payne Ullman. Douglas Fairbankss father, Hezekiah Charles Ullman was born in Berrysburg, Pennsylvania and he was the fourth child in a Jewish family consisting of six sons and four daughters. Charless parents, Lazarus Ullman and Lydia Abrahams, had immigrated to the U. S. in 1830 from Baden, when he was 17, Charles started a small publishing business in Philadelphia. Two years later, he left for New York to study law and he was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1856 and began building a substantial practice. At the onset of the Civil War, Charles joined the Union forces and he engaged in several battles, was wounded, and later became a captain in the 5th Pennsylvania Reserves. Charles left the service in 1864 and returned to his law practice, law Association, a forerunner of the American Bar Association. Charles met Ella Adelaide Marsh, after she married his friend and client John Fairbanks, the Fairbankses had a son, John, and shortly thereafter John Senior died of tuberculosis. Ella, born into a wealthy southern Catholic family, was overprotected, consequently, she was swindled out of her fortune by her husbands partners. Even the efforts of Charles Ullman, acting on her behalf, distraught and lonely, she met and married a courtly Georgian, Edward Wilcox, who turned out to be an alcoholic. After they had a son, Norris, she divorced Wilcox with Charles acting as her own lawyer in the suit, the pretty southern belle soon became romantically involved with Charles and agreed to move to Denver with him to pursue mining investments. They arrived in Denver in 1881 with her son, John and they were married and in 1882 had a child, Robert and then a second son, Douglas, a year later. Charles purchased several mining interests in the Rocky Mountains, and he re-established his law practice, Charles Ullman, after hearing of his wifes philandering, abandoned the family when Douglas was five years old
Douglas Fairbanks
–
in Private Life of Don Juan (1934)
Douglas Fairbanks
–
D.W. Griffith,
Mary Pickford,
Charlie Chaplin (seated) and Douglas Fairbanks at the signing of the contract establishing
United Artists motion picture studio in 1919. Lawyers Albert Banzhaf (left) and Dennis F. O'Brien (right) stand in the background.
Douglas Fairbanks
–
Fairbanks speaking in front of a crowd at a 1918 war bond drive in New York City.
Douglas Fairbanks
–
The Mark of
Zorro.
24.
Mary Pickford
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Gladys Louise Smith, known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American film actress, writer, director, and producer. She was a co-founder of the film studio United Artists and one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Known in her prime as Americas Sweetheart and the girl with the curls, Pickford was one of the Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood and a significant figure in the development of film acting. Pickford was one of the earliest stars to be billed under her name and she was awarded the second ever Academy Award for Best Actress for her first sound film role in Coquette and also received an honorary Academy Award in 1976. In consideration of her contributions to American cinema, the American Film Institute ranked Pickford as 24th in its 1999 list of greatest female stars of classic Hollywood Cinema, Mary Pickford was born Gladys Louise Smith in 1892 at 211 University Avenue, A Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Her father, John Charles Smith, was the son of English Methodist immigrants and her mother, Charlotte Hennessey, was of Irish Catholic descent and worked for a time as a seamstress. She had two siblings, Charlotte, called Lottie, and John Charles, called Jack, who also became actors. To please her husbands relatives, Pickfords mother baptized her children as Methodists, John Charles Smith was an alcoholic, he abandoned the family and died on February 11,1898, from a fatal blood clot caused by a workplace accident when he was a purser with Niagara Steamship. When Gladys was age four, her household was under infectious quarantine and their devoutly Catholic maternal grandmother asked a visiting Roman Catholic priest to baptize the children. Pickford was at this time baptized as Gladys Marie Smith, Charlotte Smith began taking in boarders after being widowed. One of these was a stage manager. At his suggestion, Gladys was given two roles, one as a boy and the other as a girl, in a stock company production of The Silver King at Torontos Princess Theatre. She subsequently acted in many melodramas with Torontos Valentine Company, finally playing the child role in their version of The Silver King. By the early 1900s, theatre had become a family enterprise, Gladys, her mother and two younger siblings toured the United States by rail, performing in third-rate companies and plays. After six impoverished years, Pickford allowed one more summer to land a role on Broadway. In 1906 Gladys, Lottie and Jack Smith supported singer Chauncey Olcott on Broadway in Edmund Burke, Gladys finally landed a supporting role in a 1907 Broadway play, The Warrens of Virginia. The play was written by William C. deMille, whose brother, Cecil, David Belasco, the producer of the play, insisted that Gladys Smith assume the stage name Mary Pickford. After completing the Broadway run and touring the play, however, on April 19,1909, the Biograph Company director D. W. Griffith screen-tested her at the companys New York studio for a role in the nickelodeon film, Pippa Passes
Mary Pickford
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Portrait photograph, 1918
Mary Pickford
Mary Pickford
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Mary Pickford, 1920
25.
Edna Purviance
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Edna Purviance was an American actress during the silent movie era. She was the lady in many of Charlie Chaplins early films and in a span of eight years. Olga Edna Purviance was born in Paradise Valley, Nevada, to English immigrant Louisa Wright Davey, when she was three, the family moved to Lovelock, Nevada, where they assumed ownership of a hotel. Her parents divorced in 1902, and her later married Robert Nurnberger. Growing up, Purviance was a talented pianist and she left Lovelock in 1913, and moved in with her married sister Bessie while attending business college in San Francisco. He was looking for a lady for A Night Out. One of his associates noticed Purviance at a Tates Café in San Francisco, Chaplin arranged a meeting with her and, although he was concerned that she might be too serious for comedic roles, she won the job. Chaplin and Purviance were romantically involved during the making of his Essanay, Mutual, Purviance appeared in 33 of Chaplins productions, including the 1921 classic The Kid. Her last film with him, A Woman of Paris, was also her first lead role, the film was not a success and effectively ended Purviances career. She went on to appear in two films, The Sea Gull, also known as A Woman of the Sea and Éducation de Prince. Although she was involved with Charlie Chaplin for several years, Purviance eventually married John Squire. They remained married until his death in 1945, on January 13,1958, Purviance died from throat cancer at the Motion Picture Country Hospital in Hollywood. Her remains are interred at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale and she was portrayed by Penelope Ann Miller in the film Chaplin, and more recently by Katie Maguire in the film Madcap Mabel. Edna Purviance at the Internet Movie Database Edna Purviance—tribute and research site Edna Purviance at Then & Now Edna Purviance at Find a Grave
Edna Purviance
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Edna Purviance
Edna Purviance
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Photoplay: The Aristocrat of Motion Picture Magazines 1915
Edna Purviance
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Edna Purviance Signed Photo
Edna Purviance
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Edna Purviance in The Pawnshop (1916)
26.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
Paramount Pictures
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Logo used as of 2012
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures logo, based on a design by founder
William Wadsworth Hodkinson, from 1917 to 1967.
Paramount Pictures
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Lasky's original studio, a.k.a.: "The Barn"; as it appeared in the mid-1920s. The Taft building, built in 1923, is visible in the background.
Paramount Pictures
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The original Paramount logo seen on its 1930s films and
Popeye shorts.
27.
The Last Command (1928 film)
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The Last Command is a 1928 silent film directed by Josef von Sternberg, and written by John F. Goodrich and Herman J. Mankiewicz from a story by Lajos Bíró. Star Emil Jannings won the very first Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performances in film and The Way of All Flesh. In 2006, the film was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, the supporting cast includes Evelyn Brent and William Powell. In 1928 Hollywood, director Leo Andreyev looks through photographs for actors for his next movie, when he comes to the picture of an aged Sergius Alexander, he pauses, then tells his assistant to cast the man. Sergius shows up at the Eureka Studio with a horde of other extras and is issued a generals uniform, as he is dressing, another actor complains that his continual head twitching is distracting. Sergius apologizes and explains that it is the result of a shock he once experienced. The film then flashes back ten years to Czarist Russia, which is in the midst of the Revolution and he decides to toy with them for his amusement. When one of them, Leo Andreyev, becomes insolent, Sergius whips him across the face and has him jailed, leos companion, the beautiful Natalie Dabrova, is an entirely different matter. Despite the danger she poses, he takes her along with him, after a week, he gives her a pearl necklace as a token of his feelings for her. She comes to realize that he is at heart a man of honor who loves Russia as deeply as she does. When she invites him to her room, he spots a partially hidden pistol and she draws the weapon, but cannot fire. Despite their political differences, she has fallen in love with him, when the Bolsheviks capture the train on which they are traveling, she pretends to despise him. Instead of having him out of hand like his officers, she suggests they have him stoke coal into the locomotive all the way to Petrograd. When everyone is drunk, however, she helps him escape, Sergius jumps from the train, then watches in horror as it tumbles off a nearby bridge into the icy river below, taking Natalie with it. This moment is when Sergius develops his head twitch, ten years later, Sergius is reduced to poverty, eking out a living as a Hollywood extra. When he and the director finally meet, Sergius recognizes him, Leo, in an ironic act calculated to humiliate him, casts him as a Russian general in a battle scene. He is directed to give a speech to a group of playing his dispirited men. When one soldier tries to incite a mutiny, telling the general that youve given your last command, he whips the man in the face as instructed, just as he had once struck Leo
The Last Command (1928 film)
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The Last Command
28.
The Docks of New York
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The Docks of New York is a silent drama film directed by Josef von Sternberg and starring George Bancroft, Betty Compson, and Olga Baclanova. The movie was adapted by Jules Furthman from the John Monk Saunders story The Dock Walloper, an incredibly strong ship stoker named Bill saves a beautiful prostitute named Mae from drowning during his one night of shore leave. She was attempting suicide as she had no money, almost no clothes and he steals some clothes for her and invites her out for a good night. They go to a bustling wharf pub and that evening they spontaneously get married by a minister invited to the pub, the next morning Bill must go back to sea. Mae is disappointed, but he says he was just having a good time and he also says he couldnt be serious about staying with her and fulfilling his marriage vows because his job keeps him at sea. Bills ship sets out, but before it leaves the city harbor, swimming ashore, he goes to the tavern and asks Where is my Wife. One patron directs him to the local Night Court and she had been accused of stealing the clothes that he had actually stolen for her. The judge sentences her to 30 days in jail, then Bill speaks up, the irritated judge gives him 60 days for theft. Bill says he will do the time for her, as he is led away, in 1999, the film was deemed culturally historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. The Docks of New York at the Internet Movie Database The Docks of New York at AllMovie The Docks of New York at Virtual History lobby poster advertisement
The Docks of New York
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Original film poster
The Docks of New York
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Lobby card from the film
29.
Underworld (1927 film)
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Underworld is a 1927 silent crime film directed by Josef von Sternberg. Boisterous gangster kingpin Bull Weed rehabilitates the down-and-out Rolls Royce Wensel, the two become confidants, with Rolls Royces intelligence aiding Weeds schemes, but complications arise when Rolls Royce falls for Weeds girlfriend Feathers McCoy. Adding to Weeds troubles are attempts by a gangster, Buck Mulligan. Their antagonism climaxes with Weed killing Mulligan and he is imprisoned, Rolls Royce devises an escape plan, but he and Feathers face a dilemma, wondering if they should elope together and leave Bull Weed to his fate. It was written by Ben Hecht, adapted by Charles Furthman and Robert N. Lee, schulberg and Hector Turnbull with cinematography by Bert Glennon and edited by E. Lloyd Sheldon. Paramount Pictures initially predicted this film to be a failure and therefore released it in one theater initially in New York. Ben Hecht even asked for his name to be taken off the credits, after strong word-of-mouth, the movie went on to become a hit. Time felt the film was realistic in some parts, but disliked the Hollywood cliché of turning an evil characters heart to gold at the end, Ben Hecht won the Academy Award for Writing in the 1st Academy Awards ceremony in 1929 for his work on this film. Underworld is now recognized as one of the gangster films of the silent era. The film established the elements of the gangster movie, a hoodlum hero, ominous, night-shrouded city streets, floozies. In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Gangster Films list, the House That Shadows Built Pre-Code crime films Underworld at the Internet Movie Database Underworld at AllMovie
Underworld (1927 film)
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Film poster
30.
Thunderbolt (1929 film)
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Thunderbolt is a 1929 American Pre-Code proto-noir film which tells the story of a criminal, facing execution, who wants to kill the man in the next cell for being in love with his girlfriend. It stars George Bancroft, Fay Wray, Richard Arlen, Tully Marshall, the movie was adapted by Herman J. Mankiewicz, Joseph L. Mankiewicz and Josef von Sternberg from the story by Charles Furthman and Jules Furthman. Bancroft was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, Thunderbolt Jim Lang, wanted on robbery and murder charges, ventures out with his girl, Ritzy, to a Harlem nightclub, where she informs him that she is going straight. During a raid on the club, Thunderbolt escapes and his gang shadows Ritzy and reports that she is living with Mrs. Moran, whose son, Bob, a bank clerk, is in love with Ritzy. Fearing for Bobs safety, Ritzy engineers a trap for Thunderbolt, he escapes but is later captured, tried. From the death house, he plots to frame Bob in a bank robbery. Bob is placed in the cell, and guards frustrate Thunderbolts attempts to get to his rival. When Ritzy marries Bob in the house, Thunderbolt confesses his part in Bobs conviction. He plots to kill the boy on the night of his execution, a thorough search gave us scores of Negroes who have really lived in Harlem. Harlem, which extends from 125th to 140th streets, New York, sensation-seeking Broadwayites make these cafs possible, coming to dance shoulder-to-shoulder with habitues of this black metropolis to the beat of staccato jazz. Thunderbolt at the Internet Movie Database Thunderbolt at AllMovie
Thunderbolt (1929 film)
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Thunderbolt
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