1.
Santa Monica, California
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Santa Monica is a beachfront city in western Los Angeles County, California, United States. The Census Bureau population for Santa Monica in 2010 was 89,736, due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its core, significant job growth. The Santa Monica Pier remains a popular and iconic destination, Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language, the first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3,1769. Named after the Christian saint Monica, there are two different accounts of how the name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica, another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her sons early impiety. In Los Angeles, several battles were fought by the Californios, following the Mexican–American War, Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which gave Mexicans and Californios living in state certain unalienable rights. US government sovereignty in California began on February 2,1848, in the 1870s the Los Angeles and Independence Railroad, connected Santa Monica with Los Angeles, and a wharf out into the bay. The first town hall was a modest 1873 brick building, later a beer hall and it is Santa Monicas oldest extant structure. By 1885, the towns first hotel was the Santa Monica Hotel, around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in and around Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in Santa Monica, the two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Donald Wills Douglas, Sr. built a plant in 1922 at Clover Field for the Douglas Aircraft Company, in 1924, four Douglas-built planes took off from Clover Field to attempt the first aerial circumnavigation of the world. Two planes returned after covering 27,553 miles in 175 days, the Douglas Company kept facilities in the city until the 1960s. The Great Depression hit Santa Monica deeply, one report gives citywide employment in 1933 of just 1,000. Hotels and office building owners went bankrupt, in the 1930s, corruption infected Santa Monica. The federal Works Project Administration helped build several buildings, most notably City Hall, the main Post Office and Barnum Hall were also among other WPA projects
2.
Diane Lane
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Diane Lane is an American actress. Born and raised in New York City, Lane made her debut in George Roy Hills 1979 film A Little Romance. Soon after, she was featured on the cover of Time magazine and her performance in Unfaithful also garnered her Academy Award, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress. Lane has starred in The Outsiders, A Walk on the Moon, The Perfect Storm, Under the Tuscan Sun, Cinema Verite, and Trumbo. She played Martha Kent in Man of Steel and Batman v Superman, Dawn of Justice, Lane was born in New York City. Her mother, Colleen Leigh Farrington, was a singer and Playboy centerfold. Her father, Burton Eugene Lane, was a Manhattan drama coach who ran a workshop with John Cassavetes, worked as a cab driver. When Lane was 13 days old, her parents separated, Lanes mother went to Mexico and obtained a divorce while retaining custody of Lane until she was six years old. Lanes father received custody of her after Lanes mother moved to her native state, Lane and her father lived in a number of residential hotels in New York City and she rode with him in his taxi. When Lane was 15, she declared her independence from her father and flew to Los Angeles for a week with actor, Lane later remarked, It was reckless behavior that comes from having too much independence too young. She returned to New York and moved in with a friends family, in 1981, she enrolled in high school after taking correspondence courses. However, Lanes mother kidnapped her and took her back to Georgia, Lane and her father challenged her mother in court, and six weeks later, she was back in New York. Lane did not speak to her mother for the three years, but they have since reconciled. Lanes grandmother, Eleanor Scott, was a Pentecostal preacher of the Apostolic denomination, Lane began acting professionally at the age of six at the La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club in New York, where she appeared in a production of Medea. When Lane was 12 years old, she had a role in Joseph Papps production of The Cherry Orchard with Meryl Streep, at this time, Lane was enrolled in an accelerated program at Hunter College High School, however, her grades suffered from her busy schedule. When Lane was 13, she turned down a role in Runaways on Broadway to make her debut opposite Laurence Olivier in A Little Romance. Lane won high praise from Olivier, who declared her The New Grace Kelly, at the same time, Lane was featured on the cover of Time, which declared her one of Hollywoods Whiz Kids. In the early 1980s, Lane made a transition from child actor to adult roles
3.
James Brolin
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James Brolin is an American actor, producer, and director, best known for his roles in film and television, including sitcoms and soap operas. He is the father of actor Josh Brolin and husband of singer/actress Barbra Streisand, among other awards, Brolin has won two Golden Globes and an Emmy. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 27,1998, Brolin was born Craig Kenneth Bruderlin in Los Angeles, California. The eldest of two brothers and two sisters, he was the son of Helen Sue, a housewife, and Henry Hurst Bruderlin, the family settled in Westwood after his birth. As a young child, he was more interested in animals and airplanes. As a teenaged filmgoer in the mid-1950s, he was fascinated with actor James Dean. When his parents invited a director over to his familys house for dinner before auditioning, he met fellow actor and classmate, Ryan ONeal. The two clicked and later enrolled in University High School located in West Los Angeles, however, Bruderlins own acting exposed his stifling shyness. His assurance grew when ONeal invited him to a casting agency, Brolin graduated from high school in 1958, and his family was already encouraging him to become an actor like ONeal. Prior to taking acting classes in school, Brolin started out as an actor on an episode of Bus Stop in 1961. The part led to parts in television productions such as Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Margie, Love, American Style, Twelve OClock High and The Long. He also had a role on the short-lived television series The Monroes. At the age of 20 he changed his surname from Bruderlin to Brolin to become James Brolin and he signed a contract with 20th Century Fox. While in school struggling to make it big, he met actor Clint Eastwood, Brolin also had small roles in several films including Take Her, Shes Mine, Dear Brigitte, Von Ryans Express, Fantastic Voyage. The following year, his first big role was in The Cape Town Affair, Brolin was ultimately fired by 20th Century Fox. During the 1970s, the 6 ft 4 inch Brolin began appearing in leading roles in films, including Skyjacked, and Westworld. By the mid 1970s, he was a leading man in films, starring in Gable and Lombard, The Car, Capricorn One, The Amityville Horror, Night of the Juggler. When Roger Moore expressed his desire to leave the role of James Bond, ultimately, however, Moore decided to continue in the series
4.
The Goonies
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The Goonies is a 1985 American adventure comedy film directed by Richard Donner, who produced with Harvey Bernhard. The screenplay was written by Chris Columbus from a story by executive producer Steven Spielberg, during the entire adventure, they are chased by a family of criminals, who also want the treasure for themselves. Warner Bros. released it on June 7,1985, in the United States, the film grossed $61.5 million worldwide and has become a cult film. Facing foreclosure of their homes in the Goon Docks area of Astoria, Oregon to a country club. The Goonies include optimist Mikey Walsh, his brother, Brand, the inventive Data, the talkative Mouth. While rummaging through the Walshes attic, they come across a 1632 doubloon, evading Brand for one last adventure together, the kids find themselves at a derelict restaurant near the coast, which coincides with the doubloon and the map. They encounter the Fratellis, a family of criminals hiding out at the restaurant, Mikey convinces Brand to return to the restaurant to explore after the Fratellis leave, discovering that the criminals are running a counterfeiting operation. As the Fratellis return, the finds a tunnel beneath the restaurant and hides in there. They explore the tunnel and find the remains of an explorer, who also searched for the treasure. Evading various booby traps, set up by Willy, they find themselves under an old wishing well. The kids have a chance to be pulled out of the tunnel by Andys obnoxious boyfriend Troy, whose family owns the country club, but Mikey convinces the group to continue on their journey. Meanwhile, Chunk, who has escaped the restaurant, tries to flag down passing cars. When the Fratellis threaten to shred his hands with a blender, a terrified Chunk reveals not only where his friends are. The Fratellis tie Chunk to a chair and lock him in the basement next to Sloth, while the Fratellis pursue both the Goonies and the treasure, Chunk befriends Sloth, and Sloth is able to break their bonds, they form a third party headed into the tunnel. Mikey and the others discover the Fratellis on their trail, and they ultimately find an enclosed grotto and Willys pirate ship, the Inferno, which has been sealed in the cave for centuries. They explore the ship, finding a hoard of treasure in front of the remains of Willy. As they leave, however, the Fratellis have already caught up with them and they make them drop the treasure before threatening to kill them by forcing them to walk the plank, when suddenly Sloth and Chunk arrive. Sloth, angered by how the other Fratellis have treated him in the past, easily subdues them and helps the rest of the Goonies to escape the boat
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No Country for Old Men (film)
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No Country for Old Men is a 2007 American neo-western neo-noir thriller film written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, based on Cormac McCarthys novel of the same name. A cat-and-mouse drama starring Tommy Lee Jones, Javier Bardem, and Josh Brolin, it follows a Texas welder, themes of fate, conscience, and circumstance are explored, ones that the Coen brothers have previously explored in the films Blood Simple and Fargo. No Country for Old Men premiered in competition at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival on May 19 and it won four awards at the 80th Academy Awards – Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay. In addition, the film won three British Academy Film Awards including Best Director, and two Golden Globes, the American Film Institute listed it as an AFI Movie of the Year, and the National Board of Review selected the film as the best of 2007. More critics included No Country for Old Men on their 2007 top ten lists than any other film, in 2016, it was voted the 10th best film of the 21st century as picked by 177 film critics from around the world. In a neighboring county, Anton Chigurh, a hitman, strangles a sheriffs deputy to escape custody, Chigurh spares the life of a gas station owner after the owner accepts a challenge and correctly calls the result of Chigurhs coin flip. Hunting pronghorns in the desert, Llewelyn Moss comes across the aftermath of a deal gone awry. He finds several dead men and dogs, a wounded Mexican begging for water and he takes the money and returns home. That night, Moss returns to the scene with water and he is pursued by two men in a truck and escapes. At home, he sends his wife, Carla Jean, to stay with her mother, then drives to a motel in Del Rio, Chigurh, hired to recover the money, abruptly kills his employers after obtaining a clue to Mosss identity. Arriving to search Mosss home, he uses his pistol to blow the lock out of the door. Investigating the break in, Sheriff Bell notices the blown-out lock, using a tracking device hidden with the money, Chigurh goes to Mosss motel and kills a group of Mexicans who are preparing to ambush Moss in his room. Moss has rented a room adjacent to the Mexicans room with access to the same vent in which the money is hidden. He retrieves the briefcase just before Chigurh opens the vent and finds it empty, while staying at a hotel in Eagle Pass, Moss discovers the tracking device, but Chigurh has already found him. Their firefight spills onto the streets and both are wounded, Moss flees to Mexico, stashing the case of money in weeds along the Rio Grande. He asks for help from musicians, who take him to a hospital. Carson Wells, another hired operative, fails to persuade him to accept protection in return for the money, Chigurh cleans and stitches his own wounds with stolen supplies and kills Wells at his hotel. Moss telephones the room and Chigurh answers, lifting his boots to avoid Wellss blood, Chigurh tells Moss that he will kill Carla Jean unless Moss gives up the money, he remarks that he will kill Moss regardless of whether he receives the money
6.
George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts
7.
W. (film)
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W. is a 2008 American biographical drama film based on the life and presidency of George W. Bush. Filming began on May 12,2008, in Louisiana, George W. Bush dreams of being a baseball player and is in the empty stadium. In 1966, Bush endures an initiation by his fellow Yale University students as a Delta Kappa Epsilon pledge. During the hazing, Bush successfully recalls the names and nicknames of many of the fraternity members, after Bush is jailed in New Jersey for rowdiness following a football game, his father, George H. W. Bush states that he will help Bush for the last time. Following his graduation from Yale, Bush takes a job at an oil patch back in Texas, in 1972, Junior reveals his real aspirations in a father-son talk, working in professional baseball. Bush is accepted into Harvard Business School with the help of his father, after heavy drinking, Bush crashes his car into his family estate and challenges his father to a fistfight. His brother, Jeb, stops the fight, in 1977, Bush announces he will run for Congress to represent Texass 19th district. At a barbecue, Bush meets his wife, Laura Lane Welch. Bush does poorly in the debate and loses the election, in 1986, Bush becomes a born-again Christian, gives up alcohol, and mends his relationship with his father. The elder Bush invites him to assist with what becomes his 1988 presidential campaign, Bushs political advisor, Karl Rove, tells him that he has the potential to make a name for himself. Bush becomes a front office executive of the Texas Rangers baseball team, although Allied forces win the war within 100 hours, the elder Bush decides not to invade Iraq to depose Saddam Hussein. After his father loses the 1992 presidential election to Bill Clinton, in 1994, Bush runs for Governor of Texas despite his fathers opposition. In 1999, he makes a bid to become President. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, Bush labels Iran, Iraq, in 2002, Bush searches for evidence that Saddam was creating nuclear weapons, and has the army prepared. All of Bushs White House staff supports him except Secretary of State Colin Powell, in March 2003, the U. S. invades Iraq and the war appears to be a success, and Bush gives his Mission Accomplished speech on an aircraft carrier. When it becomes clear there are no weapons of mass destruction within Iraq. Bush discovers that Saddam gambled his regime and his life on the assumption that Bush was bluffing, Bush is asked in a White House press conference what mistakes he made as President, a question that leaves him flustered and speechless. That night, Bush has a nightmare in which his father accuses him of ruining his familys legacy, Bush dreams of himself playing center field at a baseball game
8.
Dan White
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Daniel James Dan White was a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He assassinated San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, on Monday, November 27,1978, in a controversial verdict that led to the coining of the legal slang Twinkie defense, White was convicted of manslaughter rather than murder in the deaths of Milk and Moscone. White served five years of a prison sentence. Less than two years after his release, he returned to San Francisco and committed suicide, daniel James White was born in Long Beach, California, the second of nine children. He was raised by Irish-American, working parents in a Roman Catholic household in the Visitacion Valley neighborhood of San Francisco. He attended Riordan High School until he was expelled for violence in his junior year and he went on to attend Woodrow Wilson High School, where he was valedictorian of his class. White enlisted in the United States Army in June 1965 and he was a sergeant in the 101st Airborne Division in the Vietnam War from 1969 to 1970 and was honorably discharged in 1971. White worked as a security guard at A. J. Dimond High School in Anchorage, Alaska and he returned to San Francisco to work as a police officer. White then joined the San Francisco Fire Department, while on duty, according to the San Francisco Weekly story, Whites rescue of a woman and her baby from a seventh-floor apartment in the Geneva Towers was covered by the San Francisco Chronicle. The citys newspapers referred to him as an all-American boy, in 1977, White was elected as a Democrat to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from District 8, which included several neighborhoods near the southeastern limits of San Francisco. At that time, supervisors were elected by district and not at-large, as they had been before and he had strong support from the police and firefighter unions. His district was described by The New York Times as a largely white, as a supervisor, White openly saw himself as the boards defender of the home, the family and religious life against homosexuals, pot smokers and cynics. Despite their personal differences, White and Supervisor Harvey Milk initially had several areas of political agreement, Harvey Milk was one of three people from the city hall invited to the baptism of Whites newborn child shortly after the election. White also persuaded Dianne Feinstein, then president of the board of supervisors, to appoint Milk chairman of the Streets, the account said White was strongly opposed, while Milk supported the facility, and their difference of opinion led to a conflict between the two. White held a record on gay rights, opposing the anti-gay Briggs Initiative, yet voting against an ordinance prohibiting discrimination against gays in housing. After his disagreement with Milk over the rehab center, White frequently clashed with Milk as well as other members of the board. On November 10,1978, White resigned his seat as supervisor, White had opened a baked-potato stand at Pier 39, which failed to become profitable. He reversed his resignation on November 14,1978 after his supporters lobbied him to seek reappointment from George Moscone, Moscone initially agreed to Whites request, but later refused the appointment at the urging of Milk and others. F
9.
Milk (film)
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Directed by Gus Van Sant and written by Dustin Lance Black, the film stars Sean Penn as Milk and Josh Brolin as Dan White, a city supervisor who assassinated Milk and Mayor George Moscone. The film was released to acclaim and earned numerous accolades from film critics. Ultimately, it received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, various scripts were considered in the early 1990s, but projects fell through for different reasons, until 2007. Much of Milk was filmed on Castro Street and other locations in San Francisco, including Milks former storefront, Milk begins on Harvey Milks 40th birthday, when he was living in New York City and had not yet settled in San Francisco. The films release was tied to the 2008 California voter referendum on gay marriage, Proposition 8, Milk is seen recording his will throughout the film, nine days before the assassinations. The film then back to New York City in 1970. Dissatisfied with his life and in need of a change, Milk and they open Castro Camera in the heart of Eureka Valley, a working-class neighborhood in the process of evolving into a predominantly gay neighborhood known as The Castro. Early on, Smith serves as Milks campaign manager, but he grows frustrated with Milks devotion to politics, Milk later meets Jack Lira, a sweet-natured but unbalanced young man. As with Smith, Lira cannot tolerate Milks devotion to political activism, Milk clashes with the local gay establishment which he feels to be too cautious and risk-averse. His victory makes him the first openly gay man to be voted into major office in California. Milk subsequently meets fellow Supervisor Dan White, a Vietnam veteran, White, who is politically and socially conservative, has a difficult relationship with Milk, and develops a growing resentment for Milk when he opposes projects that White proposes. Milk and White forge a working relationship. When Milk fails to support White because of the effect it will have on troubled youth, White feels betrayed. Milk also launches an effort to defeat Proposition 6, an initiative on the California state ballot in November 1978, sponsored by John Briggs, a conservative state legislator from Orange County, Proposition 6 seeks to ban gays and lesbians from working in Californias public schools. On November 7,1978, after working tirelessly against Proposition 6, Milk, a desperate White favors a supervisor pay raise, but does not get much support, and shortly after supporting the proposition, resigns from the Board. He later changes his mind and asks to be reinstated, Mayor Moscone denies his request, after being lobbied by Milk. On the morning of November 27,1978, White enters City Hall through a basement window to conceal a gun from metal detectors and he requests another meeting with Moscone, who rebuffs his request for appointment to his former seat. Enraged, White shoots Moscone in his office and then goes to meet Milk, the film suggests that Milk believed that White might be a closeted gay man
10.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
11.
Thanos
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Thanos is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as a Titanian mutant–Eternal superhuman. The character first appeared in Iron Man #55 and was created by writer Mike Friedrich, debuting in the Bronze Age of Comic Books, the character has been featured in over four decades of Marvel continuity and a self-titled series. The character has appeared in other Marvel-endorsed products, including animated series, arcade. Writer-artist Jim Starlin originally conceived of Thanos of Titan during college psychology classes, so I came up to Marvel and Roy asked if I wanted to do an issue of Iron Man. I felt that this may be my only chance ever to do a character, so they got jammed into it. Thanos was a much thinner character and Roy suggested beefing him up, and later on I liked beefing him up so much that he continued to grow in size. Starlin has admitted the character is influenced by Jack Kirbys Darkseid, Kirby had done the New Gods and he was over at DC at the time. I came up with things that were inspired by that. Youd think that Thanos was inspired by Darkseid, but that was not the case when I showed up, in my first Thanos drawings, if he looked like anybody, it was Metron. I had all these different gods and things I wanted to do, which became Thanos, Roy took one look at the guy in the Metron-like chair and said, Beef him up. If youre going to one of the New Gods, at least rip off Darkseid. Thanoss first appearance was in Iron Man #55, featuring a story by Jim Starlin that was scripted by Mike Friedrich, the storyline from that issue continued through Captain Marvel #25–33, Marvel Feature #12, Daredevil #107, and Avengers #125. He returned in a storyline that spanned Strange Tales #178-181, Warlock #9-11, Marvel Team Up #55. He was also featured in a backup story in Logans Run #6 and had a small role in the Death of Captain Marvel graphic novel. The character was revived in Silver Surfer vol.3 #34 and guest-starred until issue #50, while appearing in The Thanos Quest #1–2. After an appearance in Spider-Man #17, Thanos had a role in Warlock. Thanos appeared in a storyline in Ka-Zar vol.2 #4–11, Ka-Zar Annual, and the X-Man and Hulk Annual, before featuring in Thor vol.2 #21–25
12.
Marvel Cinematic Universe
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The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series and digital series. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, clark Gregg has appeared the most in the franchise, portraying Phil Coulson, a character original to the MCU. The first film released in the MCU was Iron Man, which began the first phase of films culminating in the crossover film Marvels The Avengers, Phase Two began with Iron Man 3, and concluded with Ant-Man. The films are currently in Phase Three, which began with the release of Captain America, Marvel Television expanded the universe further, first to network television with Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Marvel Television has also produced the digital series Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D, slingshot, which is a supplement to Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Soundtrack albums have been released for all of the films, along many of television series. It has inspired film and television studios with comic book character adaptation rights to attempt to create similar shared universes. By 2005, Marvel Entertainment began planning to produce its own films. Previously, Marvel had co-produced several superhero films with Columbia Pictures, New Line Cinema and others, Marvel made relatively little profit from its licensing deals with other studios and wanted to get more money out of its films while maintaining artistic control of the projects and distribution. Avi Arad, head of Marvels film division, was pleased with Sam Raimis Spider-Man films at Sony, as a result, they decided to form Marvel Studios, Hollywoods first major independent movie studio since DreamWorks. Feige, a self-professed fanboy, envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators Stan Lee, to raise capital, the studio secured funding from a seven-year, $525 million revolving credit facility with Merrill Lynch. Marvels plan was to release films for their main characters. Arad, who doubted the strategy yet insisted that it was his reputation that helped secure the initial financing, in 2007, at 33 years old, Feige was named studio chief. Feige initially referred to the narrative continuity of these films as the Marvel Cinema Universe. Marvel has designated the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Earth-199999 within the continuity of the companys multiverse, while not always the case, as evident by the 2013 releases of Iron Man 3 and Thor, The Dark World, he said it is certainly something to aim for. Feige expanded on this in July 2014, saying, I dont know that well keep to every year, wed rather find a way to keep that going. After the titles were revealed in October 2014, Feige said, which made us comfortable for the first time. To increase to three films a year instead of just two, without changing our methods, just like comic readers have been doing for decades and decades
13.
Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
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Guardians of the Galaxy is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro, in Guardians of the Galaxy, Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial misfits who are fleeing after stealing a powerful artifact. Perlman began working on the screenplay in 2009, Gunn was hired to write and direct the film that September. In February 2013, Pratt was hired to play Peter Quill / Star-Lord, principal photography began in July 2013 at Shepperton Studios, England, with filming continuing in London before wrapping up in October 2013. Post-production was finished on July 7,2014, the film premiered in Hollywood on July 21,2014. It was released in theaters on August 1,2014 in the United States in the 3D, the film garnered praise for its humor, action, soundtrack, visual effects, direction, musical score, and acting. A sequel, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.2, is scheduled to be released on May 5,2017, in 1988, following his mothers death, a young Peter Quill is abducted from Earth by the Ravagers, a group of space pirates led by Yondu Udonta. Twenty-six years later on the planet Morag, Quill steals an orb but is attacked by Korath, although Quill escapes with the orb, Yondu discovers his theft and issues a bounty for his capture, while Ronan sends the assassin Gamora after the orb. When Quill attempts to sell the orb on Xandar, capital of the Nova Empire, Gamora ambushes him, a fight ensues, drawing in a pair of bounty hunters, the genetically and cybernetically modified raccoon Rocket, and the tree-like humanoid Groot. Nova Corps officers capture the four, detaining them in the Kyln, a powerful inmate there, Drax, attempts to kill Gamora due to her association with Ronan, who killed his family. Quill convinces Drax that Gamora can bring Ronan to him, though Gamora reveals that she has betrayed Ronan, learning that Gamora has a buyer for the orb, Quill, Rocket, Groot, and Drax work with her to escape the Kyln in Quills ship, the Milano. Ronan meets with Gamoras adoptive father, Thanos, to discuss her betrayal, Quills group flee to Knowhere, a remote criminal outpost in space built in the giant severed head of a Celestial. A drunken Drax summons Ronan while the rest of the group meet Gamoras contact, Tivan opens the orb, revealing an Infinity Stone, an item of immeasurable power that destroys all but the most powerful beings who wield it. Tivans tormented assistant grabs the Stone, triggering an explosion that engulfs Tivans archive, Ronan arrives and easily defeats Drax, while the others flee by ship, pursued by Ronans followers and Gamoras adoptive sister Nebula. Nebula destroys Gamoras ship, leaving her floating in space, Quill contacts Yondu before following Gamora into space, giving her his helmet to survive, Yondu arrives and retrieves the pair. Rocket, Drax, and Groot threaten to attack Yondus ship to rescue them, Quills group agrees that facing Ronan means certain death, but that they cannot let him use the Infinity Stone to destroy the galaxy. On Ronans flagship, the Dark Aster, Ronan embeds the Stone in his warhammer and he contacts Thanos, threatening to kill him after first destroying Xandar, hateful of her adoptive father, Nebula allies with Ronan
14.
Avengers: Age of Ultron
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Avengers, Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012s The Avengers and the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. Jackson, in Avengers, Age of Ultron, the Avengers fight Ultron, an artificial intelligence obsessed with causing human extinction. The sequel was announced in May 2012, after the release of The Avengers. Whedon, the director of the first film, was back on board in August. By April 2013, Whedon had completed a draft of the script, second unit filming began in February 2014 in South Africa with principal photography taking place between March and August 2014. The film was shot at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, with additional footage filmed in Italy, South Korea, Bangladesh, New York City. While in post production, the film was converted to 3D, Avengers, Age of Ultron premiered in Los Angeles on April 13,2015, and was released on May 1,2015, in North America, in 3D and IMAX 3D. The film received reviews from critics and grossed over $1.4 billion worldwide, making it the seventh-highest-grossing film in history. A sequel, Avengers, Infinity War, is scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, Stark and Banner discover an artificial intelligence within the scepters gem, and secretly use it to complete Starks Ultron global defense program. The unexpectedly sentient Ultron, believing he must eradicate humanity to save Earth, J. A. R. V. I. S. and attacks the Avengers at their headquarters. Escaping with the scepter, Ultron uses the resources in Struckers Sokovia base to upgrade his rudimentary body and build an army of robot drones. Having killed Strucker, he recruits the Maximoffs, who hold Stark responsible for their parents deaths by his weapons, and go to the base of arms dealer Ulysses Klaue to obtain Wakandan vibranium. Thor departs to consult with Dr. Erik Selvig on the meaning of the future he saw in his hallucination, while Romanoff. However, Nick Fury arrives and encourages the team to form a plan to stop Ultron, in Seoul, Ultron forces the teams friend Dr. Helen Cho to use her synthetic-tissue technology, together with vibranium and the scepters gem, to perfect a new body for him. As Ultron uploads himself into the body, Wanda is able to read his mind, discovering his plan for human extinction, Rogers, Romanoff, and Barton find Ultron and retrieve the synthetic body, but Ultron captures Romanoff. The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J. A. R. V. I. S, – who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet – into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow – one of the six Infinity Stones, Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle
15.
Avengers: Infinity War
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Avengers, Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is intended to be the sequel to 2012s Marvels The Avengers and 2015s Avengers, Age of Ultron, in Avengers, Infinity War, the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos. The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers, Infinity War – Part 1, the Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film. In July 2016, Marvel shortened the titled to Avengers, Infinity War, filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel until October/November 2017. Additional filming took place in Scotland, Avengers, Infinity War is scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, in IMAX. An untitled sequel is scheduled to be released on May 3,2019, co-director Joe Russo said that Tony senses this greater threat approaching, so he is doing everything in his power to keep the Earth safe. Josh Brolin as Thanos, A powerful being who longs to collect all of the Infinity Stones in order to conquer the universe, co-screenwriter Stephen McFeely noted that Thanos wants to amass the Infinity Stones so he can re-balance the universe as he sees it. In addition to providing the voice for the character, Brolin performed motion capture on set, on choosing to portray Thanos, Brolin said that his good friend Marvel Studios co-president Louis DEsposito called me up and started talking about this thing. It was nice because I could intimately talk to him about it, what I didnt like about the whole idea of it. It was really exciting because of the possibilities that it could become, not as an idea or as a blockbuster, but just as something different. Brolin was looking to explore the humanity of the character, saying there are parts of him that are unfounded to me, which will be found. Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk, An Avenger and a genius scientist who, because of exposure to gamma radiation, tom Hiddleston as Loki, Thors adoptive brother and nemesis based on the deity of the same name. Joe Russo added, His responsibility to himself is now in conflict with his responsibility to others and his road forward involves figuring out who Steve Rogers is without the shield. Chris Hemsworth as Thor, An Avenger and the prince of Asgard. Joe Russo stated that Thors storyline picks up after the events of Thor, Ragnarok, very interesting place and gives him a real emotional motivation after that. Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, A master archer and former agent of S. H. I. E. L. D, who is a member of Rogers faction of Avengers. Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch, A member of Rogers faction of Avengers, sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier, An enhanced assassin and Rogers ally and best friend, who reemerged brainwashed after being thought killed in action during World War II. Aaron Lazar will serve as Cumberbatchs stand-in during filming, until the latter completes filming on The Current War, at that point, Cumberbatch will re-shoot scenes where his face needs to be seen
16.
Cable (comics)
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Cable is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, most commonly in association with X-Force and the X-Men. The characters first appearance was in The New Mutants #86 and he does not appear anywhere in the issues story, but the next issue teaser includes a small drawing of the character. This was followed by an appearance in The New Mutants #87. Though the artist Rob Liefeld is responsible for his design, name. Liefeld explains the creation of the character, Cable is first seen in conflict with Stryfes Mutant Liberation Front, the United States government, the New Mutants intervened and he asked for their help against the Mutant Liberation Front. Cable saw them as soldiers in his war against Stryfe. He became their new teacher and leader, and outfitted them and he came into conflict with Wolverine, noting that the two had an old feud between them. Cable and the New Mutants teamed up with Wolverine and Sunfire against the MLF, Cable also led the New Mutants against the Genoshans. With the aid of Domino, Cable reorganized the New Mutants into X-Force, the New Mutants ended with issue #100, with Cable and other characters then appearing the following month in X-Force #1. Cable traveled between the 1990s and his future with his ship Graymalkin, which contained a sentient computer program called Professor, the series explored Cable and the villain Stryfes ongoing battle with one another, and its effect on the people that surround Cable. Shortly after Blood and Metal, Cable was given his own ongoing series titled Cable, the series ran for 107 issues from May 1993 until September 2002 before being relaunched as Soldier X, which lasted 12 more issues until Aug.2003. The 1994 miniseries The Adventures of Cyclops and Phoenix provided further information on the back story. In the future, Mother Askani, a time-displaced Rachel Summers, pulled the minds of Scott and Jean into the future where, as Slym and Redd, they raised Cable for twelve years. During their time together, the family prevented Apocalypse from transferring his essence into a new body and it is furthermore established that Mister Sinister created Cyclops son Nathan to destroy Apocalypse. After his solo series ended, he was paired with the mercenary Deadpool in a new ongoing series titled Cable & Deadpool, the series largely dealt with Cables efforts to change the world for the better, including turning his old spaceship Greymalkin into the floating utopian island of Providence. He gains a level similar to his Nate Grey counterpart from The Age of Apocalypse reality. Using his powers at this also means that he will die due to the vast power being too much for his body to continuously maintain. He tries to carry out his plans quickly, defeating the X-Men, Six Pack and they turn the tide of the battle on Cable by enlisting the aid of the Silver Surfer
17.
X-Men (film series)
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X-Men is an American media franchise of 21st Century Fox that is centered on a series of superhero films, produced by 20th Century Fox. The franchise is based on the fictional X-Men characters, who appeared in a series of comic books created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. A prequel, X-Men, First Class, was released in 2011, followed by X-Men, Days of Future Past in 2014, Deadpool was also released in 2016 and became the highest-grossing film of the series, as well as the highest-grossing worldwide R-rated film of all time. The film series is the seventh-highest-grossing, having earned over US$4.9 billion worldwide, X-Men, X2, X-Men, First Class, X-Men, Days of Future Past and the spin-offs The Wolverine, Deadpool and Logan were all met with positive reviews. X-Men and X2 were particularly lauded by critics for their dark, realistic tones and subtexts dealing with discrimination, X-Men, The Last Stand and X-Men, Apocalypse were met with mixed reviews, while X-Men Origins, Wolverine received negative reviews from critics. Since 2000, the series has expanded to include comic books, videogames, live action television series. Hugh Jackman has appeared in films in the series than any other actor. The film introduces Wolverine and Rogue into the conflict between Professor Xaviers X-Men and the Brotherhood of Mutants, led by Magneto, in 1994, 20th Century Fox and producer Lauren Shuler Donner bought the film rights to the X-Men. Andrew Kevin Walker was hired to write, and James Cameron expressed interest in producing, eventually, Bryan Singer signed on to direct in July 1996. Although he was not a comic fan, Singer was fascinated by the analogies of prejudice. John Logan, Joss Whedon, Ed Solomon, Christopher McQuarrie, principal photography began in September 1999 in Toronto, Canada, and ended in March 2000. The film was released on July 14,2000, in the film, Colonel William Stryker brainwashes and questions the imprisoned Magneto about Professor Xaviers mutant-locating machine, Cerebro. Stryker attacks the X-Mansion and brainwashes Xavier into locating every mutant on the planet to kill them, the X-Men must team up with the Brotherhood to prevent Strykers worldwide genocide. Hayter and Zak Penn were hired to write their own scripts for the sequel, Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris were hired to re-write the script in February 2002, writing around 26 drafts and 150 on set. Principal photography began in June 2002 in Vancouver, Canada, the film was released on May 2,2003. In the film, a company has developed a suppressor of the mutant gene. Magneto declares war on the humans and retrieves his own weapon, Phoenix, a final battle between the X-Men and the Brotherhood ensues, and Wolverine must accept that in order to stop Grey, he will have to kill her. Singer initially intended to shoot the film back-to-back with a fourth film, Penn and Simon Kinberg were hired the following month
18.
Corpus Christi, Texas
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Corpus Christi, colloquially Corpus, is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U. S. state of Texas. The county seat of Nueces County, it extends into Aransas, Kleberg. It is 130 miles southeast of San Antonio and its political boundaries encompass Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay. Its zoned boundaries include small land parcels or water inlets of three neighboring counties, the citys population was estimated to be 320,434 in 2014, making it the eighth-most populous city in Texas. The Corpus Christi metropolitan area had an population of 442,600. It is also the hub of the six-county Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice Combined Statistical Area, the Port of Corpus Christi is the fifth-largest in the United States. The region is served by the Corpus Christi International Airport, the citys name means Body of Christ in Latin. The name was given to the settlement and surrounding bay by Spanish explorer Alonso Álvarez de Pineda in 1519, the citys nickname is Sparkling City by the Sea, particularly featured in tourist literature. Corpus Christi was founded in 1839 by Colonel Henry Lawrence Kinney and William P. Aubrey as Kinneys Trading Post and it was a small trading post that sold supplies to a Mexican revolutionary army camped about 25 mi west. In July 1845, U. S. troops commanded by General Zachary Taylor set up there in preparation for war with Mexico. About a year later, the settlement was named Corpus Christi and was incorporated on 9 September 1852, the Battle of Corpus Christi was fought between August 12 and August 18,1862, during the American Civil War. United States Navy forces blockading Texas fought a land and sea engagement with Confederate forces in and around Corpus Christi Bay. Union forces defeated Confederate States Navy ships operating in the area, the Port of Corpus Christi was opened in 1926, and the Corpus Christi Naval Air Station was commissioned in 1941. The 1919 Storm devastated the city, killing hundreds on September 14, only three structures survived the storm on North Beach. To protect the city, the seawall was built, the city also suffered damage from Hurricane Celia in 1970 and Hurricane Allen in 1980, but little damage from Hurricane Ike in 2008. In November 1873, seven Mexican shepherds were lynched by a mob near the city, in February 1929, the League of United Latin American Citizens was founded in Corpus Christi. This organization was created to battle racial discrimination against Hispanic people in the United States, since its founding, LULAC has grown and now has a national headquarters in Washington, D. C. In March 1949, the American GI Forum was founded in Corpus Christi, currently, AGIF focuses on veterans issues, education, and civil rights issues
19.
Templeton, California
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Templeton is a census-designated place in San Luis Obispo County, California. The population was 7,674 at the 2010 census, up from 4,687 at the 2000 census, Templeton is located at 35°33′14″N 120°42′34″W. It is approximately five miles south of Paso Robles and five miles north of Atascadero along U. S.101, state Route 46 intersects U. S.101 on the north edge of the town. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 7.8 square miles,99. 37% of it land and 0. 63% water. However, much of the unincorporated area between Atascadero and Paso Robles is considered as part of Templeton, with most U. S. mail for this area addressed thus. Templeton has a Mediterranean climate that is characterized by mild winters, the area usually has low humidity. Rain generally falls only between November and March, with the rainy season tapering off almost completely by the end of April, temperature lows can reach from 10 to 15 °F in the winter, and highs reaching up to 115 °F in the summer. Like much of the area, Templeton occasionally receives significant. Similarly, in winter, Templeton will occasionally receive morning fog due to the differential with the Central Valley. Although it is rare to see snow in Templeton, it did snow Dec.151988. Many residents work in nearby communities, there is a growing production of olive oil, with many small groves producing olives intended for consumption and oil, including Pasolivo. A very limited number of large corporations have made Templeton their primary place of business, in 1889, the railroad was continued 14 miles south to Santa Margarita and the town was reclassified to a flag stop. Currently, the stops in nearby Paso Robles before continuing on. Templeton, is a small, fast growing, rural town and it has added dwelling units faster since 1990 than any other community in the county, with developments competing with vineyards for prime land. The 2010 United States Census reported that Templeton had a population of 7,674, the population density was 988.1 per square mile. The racial make up of Templeton was 6,833 White,59 African American,80 Native American,123 Asian,10 Pacific Islander,337 from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,171 persons. The Census reported that 7,580 people lived in households,1 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and 93 were institutionalized, there were 117 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 29 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 654 households were made up of individuals and 352 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.68
20.
Barbra Streisand
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Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and filmmaker. She is among a group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. Streisand is one of the music artists of all time, with more than 68.5 million albums in the United States. She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award, with the release of Yentl in 1983, Streisand became the first woman to write, produce, direct, and star in a major studio film. The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical, Streisand received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, the first woman to win that award. The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any recording artist. According to Billboard, Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums, Billboard also recognizes Streisand as the greatest female of all time on its Billboard 200 chart and one of the greatest artists of all time on its Hot 100 chart. Barbara Joan Streisand was born on April 24,1942, in Brooklyn, New York and her mother had been a soprano singer in her youth and considered a career in music, but later became a school secretary. Her father was a school teacher at the same school. Streisands family was Jewish, her grandparents emigrated from Galicia and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire. Her father earned a degree from City College of New York in 1928 and was considered athletic. As a student, he spent his summers outdoors, once working as a lifeguard, hed try anything, his sister Molly said. He married Ida in 1930, two years after graduating, and became a respected educator with a focus on helping underprivileged. In August 1943, a few months after Streisands first birthday, her father died suddenly at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, the family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper. As an adult, Streisand remembered those early years as always feeling like an outcast, explaining and her mother tried to pay their bills but could not give her daughter the attention she craved, When I wanted love from my mother, she gave me food, Streisand says. Streisand recalls that her mother had a voice and sang semi-professionally on occasion. During a visit to the Catskills when Streisand was thirteen, she told Rosie ODonnell, she and that session was the first time Streisand ever asserted herself as an artist, which also became her first moment of inspiration as an artist. She has a brother, Sheldon, and a half-sister
21.
Improvisational theatre
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Improvisational theatre exists in performance as a range of styles of improvisational comedy as well as some non-comedic theatrical performances. It is sometimes used in film and television, both to develop characters and scripts and occasionally as part of the final product. Improvisational techniques are used extensively in drama programs to train actors for stage, film. However, the skills and processes of improvisation are used outside of the context of performing arts. It is sometimes used in psychotherapy as a tool to gain insight into a persons thoughts, feelings, the earliest well documented use of improvisational theatre in Eastern history is found in the Atellan Farce of Africa 391 BC. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, commedia dellarte performers improvised based on an outline in the streets of Italy. Some people credit American Dudley Riggs as the first vaudevillian to use audience suggestions to create improvised sketches on stage, Spolin influenced the first generation of modern American improvisers at The Compass Players in Chicago, which led to The Second City. Her son, Paul Sills, along with David Shepherd, started The Compass Players, following the demise of the Compass Players, Paul Sills began The Second City. They were the first organized troupes in Chicago, and the modern Chicago improvisational comedy movement grew from their success. Many of the current rules of comedic improv were first formalized in Chicago in the late 1950s and early 1960s, initially among The Compass Players troupe, which was directed by Paul Sills. From most accounts, David Shepherd provided the vision of the Compass Players. Mike Nichols, Ted Flicker, and Del Close were her most frequent collaborators in this regard, during this time, Forsberg trained many of the performers who went on to star on The Second City stage. Simultaneously, Keith Johnstones group The Theatre Machine, which originated in London, was touring Europe and this work gave birth to Theatresports, at first secretly in Johnstones workshops, and eventually in public when he moved to Canada. Toronto has been home to a rich improv tradition, in 1984, Dick Chudnow founded ComedySportz in Milwaukee, WI. Expansion began with the addition of ComedySportz-Madison, in 1985, the first Comedy League of America National Tournament was held in 1988, with 10 teams participating. The league is now known as World Comedy League and boasts a roster of 24 international cities, in San Francisco, The Committee theater was active in North Beach during the 1960s. It was founded by alumni of Chicagos Second City, Alan Myerson, when The Committee disbanded in 1972, three major companies were formed, The Pitchell Players, The Wing, and Improvisation Inc. The only company that continued to perform Closes Harold was the latter one and its two former members, Michael Bossier and John Elk, formed Spaghetti Jam in San Franciscos Old Spaghetti Factory in 1976, where shortform improv and Harolds were performed through 1983
22.
Surfing
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Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, however, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools. The term surfing refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used. The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees. The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a riding a wave standing up on a surfboard. Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting, and using foils. Body surfing, where the wave is surfed without a board, using the surfers own body to catch, recently with the use of V-drive boats, Wakesurfing, in which one surfs on the wake of a boat, has emerged. For centuries, surfing was a part of ancient Polynesian culture. Surfing may have first been observed by British explorers at Tahiti in 1767, samuel Wallis and the crew members of the Dolphin who were the first Britons to visit the island in June of that year. Another candidate is the botanist Joseph Banks being part of the first voyage of James Cook on the HMS Endeavour, who arrived on Tahiti on 10 April 1769. Lieutenant James King was the first person to write about the art of surfing on Hawaii when he was completing the journals of Captain James Cook upon Cooks death in 1779. When Mark Twain visited Hawaii in 1866 he wrote, In one place we came upon a company of naked natives. In July 1885, three teenage Hawaiian princes took a break from their school, St. Mathew’s Hall in San Mateo. George Freeth is often credited as being the Father of Modern Surfing and he is thought to have been the first modern surfer. In 1907, the interests of the land baron Henry E. Huntington brought the ancient art of surfing to the California coast. While on vacation, Huntington had seen Hawaiian boys surfing the island waves, looking for a way to entice visitors to the area of Redondo Beach, where he had heavily invested in real estate, he hired a young Hawaiian to ride surfboards. George Freeth decided to revive the art of surfing, but had success with the huge 16-foot hardwood boards that were popular at that time. When he cut them in half to them more manageable, he created the original Long board
23.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
24.
Heroin
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Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opiate typically used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Medically it is used to relieve pain and as a form of opioid replacement therapy alongside counseling. Heroin is typically injected, usually into a vein, however, onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few hours. Common side effects include respiratory depression and about a quarter of those who use heroin become physically dependent, other side effects can include abscesses, infected heart valves, blood borne infections, constipation, and pneumonia. After a history of use, withdrawal symptoms can begin within hours of last use. When given by injection into a vein, heroin has two to three times the effect as a dose of morphine. It typically comes as a white or brown powder, treatment of heroin addiction often includes behavioral therapy and medications. Medications used may include methadone or naltrexone, a heroin overdose may be treated with naloxone. An estimated 17 million people as of 2015 use opiates such as heroin, the total number of opiate users has increased from 1998 to 2007 after which it has remained more or less stable. In the United States about 1.6 percent of people have used heroin at some point in time, when people die from overdosing on a drug, the drug is usually an opioid. Heroin was first made by C. R. Alder Wright in 1874 from morphine, internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is generally illegal to make, possess, or sell heroin without a license, in 2015 Afghanistan produced about 66% of the worlds opium. Often heroin, which is sold, is mixed with other substances such as sugar or strychnine. The original trade name of heroin is typically used in non-medical settings and it is used as a recreational drug for the euphoria it induces. Anthropologist Michael Agar once described heroin as the perfect whatever drug, tolerance develops quickly, and increased doses are needed in order to achieve the same effects. Its popularity with recreational users, compared to morphine, reportedly stems from its perceived different effects. In particular, users report an intense rush, an acute transcendent state of euphoria, while other opioids of recreational use produce only morphine, heroin also leaves 6-MAM, also a psycho-active metabolite. Equipotent injected doses had comparable action courses, with no difference in subjects self-rated feelings of euphoria, ambition, nervousness, relaxation, drowsiness, short-term addiction studies by the same researchers demonstrated that tolerance developed at a similar rate to both heroin and morphine
25.
Richard Donner
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Richard Donner is an American film director and producer. After directing the horror film The Omen, Donner became famous for directing the first modern film, Superman. Donner later went on to such films such as The Goonies and Scrooged, while reinvigorating the buddy film genre with Lethal Weapon. He and his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner, own the production company The Donners Company, in 2000, he received the Presidents Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. Film historian Michael Barson writes that Donner is one of Hollywoods most reliable makers of action blockbusters, Donner was born Richard Donald Schwartzberg in the Bronx, to Jewish parents, Hattie and Fred Schwartzberg. His father owned a furniture manufacturing business. Donner started his career with hopes of acting but quickly moved into directing commercials and he moved into television in the late 1950s, directing some episodes of the Steve McQueen western serial Wanted, Dead or Alive and the Chuck Connors western The Rifleman. In his early career as a director he worked on TV commercials and over twenty-five television series including Have Gun Will Travel, The Fugitive, get Smart, The Man from U. N. C. L. E. The Wild Wild West, Gilligans Island, Kojak, Tales from the Crypt and The Twilight Zone, Donner directed his first feature film in 1961, X-15, which starred Charles Bronson and Mary Tyler Moore. It was not until seven years later, however, that he directed his film, Salt and Pepper, with Sammy Davis Jr. His break-through film was The Omen, a supernatural thriller made in the wake of the success obtained by The Exorcist, the film stars Gregory Peck, David Warner and Lee Remick. It became the fifth highest-grossing movie of 1976, in 1978, Donner directed Superman, The Movie, starring Christopher Reeve in the title role. The film became a hit worldwide, projecting both Reeve and Donner to international fame, co-stars included Margot Kidder as Lois Lane, Marlon Brando as Jor-El and Gene Hackman as archvillain Lex Luthor. It succeeded at the box office, grossing $134 million domestically, principal photography of Superman included filming of its first sequel, Superman II. Donner filmed most of Superman II with the expectation he would complete the sequel after the release of Superman, despite the first films success, Donner was fired from Superman II. Throughout the filming of Superman and Superman II, Donner had a relationship with executive producers Alexander Salkind and Ilya Salkind. Following Donners dismissal, Marlon Brandos scenes were removed from Superman II, Gene Hackman refused to return for re-shoots, consequently, all the Lex Luthor scenes that appear in Superman II were filmed by Donner, although Donner received no onscreen credit for directing. Rotten Tomatoes summary states that Superman II meets, if not exceeds, Donner continued to promote the view his contribution was superior to rest of the series
26.
21 Jump Street
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21 Jump Street is an American police procedural television series that aired on the Fox network and in first run syndication from April 12,1987, to April 27,1991, with a total of 103 episodes. The series focuses on a squad of youthful-looking undercover police officers investigating crimes in schools, colleges. Created by Patrick Hasburgh and Stephen J. Cannell, the series was produced by Patrick Hasburgh Productions, executive Producers included Hasburgh, Cannell, Steve Beers and Bill Nuss. The show was a hit for the fledgling Fox network. The final season aired in first-run syndication mainly on local Fox affiliates and it was later rerun on the FX cable network from 1996 to 1998. The series provided a spark to Johnny Depps nascent acting career, Depp found this status irritating, but he continued on the series under his contract and was paid $45,000 per episode. Eventually he was released from his contract after the fourth season, a spin-off series, Booker, was produced for the character of Dennis Booker, it ran one season, from September 1989 to June 1990. A film adaptation directed by Phil Lord and Chris Miller was released on March 16,2012, the film is set in the same chronology as the series, with Johnny Depp, Holly Robinson and Peter DeLuise reprising their characters in cameo appearances. Richard Grieco and Dustin Nguyen also have cameos in the 2014 film sequel 22 Jump Street, the series focuses on a group of police officers headquartered at the eponymous address. These officers are all young and have especially youthful appearances, which allows them to pass for teenagers and their assignments generally consist of undercover work in high schools or, less commonly, colleges, where they generally investigate drug trafficking and abuse. The shows plots cover issues such as alcoholism, hate crimes, drug abuse, homophobia, AIDS, child abuse, similarly, each problem is often solved by the end of the hour-long episode, giving an implicit moral about the impact of a particular activity. When the show aired, some episodes were followed immediately by public service announcements featuring cast members. He was replaced after the pilot episode was filmed. Midway through the first season, Frederic Forrest was replaced by Steven Williams, on the show, Forrests character Richard Jenko is killed by a drunk driver. Johnny Depp left the series at the end of the fourth season, set in a fictional city and state in the United States, the series was primarily filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was one of the first major series to use Vancouver as a filming location. 21 Jump Street, along with Married, with Children and The Tracey Ullman Show, debuted in the spring of 1987. All three shows were hits with audiences and helped to establish the then-newly launched Fox network,21 Jump Street was the first hit series for the Fox network
27.
Johnny Depp
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John Christopher Johnny Depp II is an American actor, producer, and musician. He has won the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actor and he rose to prominence on the 1980s television series 21 Jump Street, becoming a teen idol. He has collaborated on nine films with director, producer, Depp is regarded as one of the worlds biggest film stars. Films featuring Depp have grossed over $3.2 billion at the United States box office, Depp has been nominated for major acting awards, including three nominations for Academy Award for Best Actor. He has been listed in the 2012 Guinness World Records as the highest paid actor, Depp was inducted as a Disney Legend in 2015. Depp was born in Owensboro, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of Betty Sue Palmer, a waitress, and John Christopher Depp, Depp is of mostly English ancestry, with some ancestors from elsewhere in Europe. He is descended from a French Huguenot immigrant, Pierre Deppe or Dieppe, Depp is a 20th cousin of Elizabeth II. Depp moved frequently during his childhood and he and his siblings lived in more than 20 different places, eventually settling in Miramar, Florida in 1970. Depps parents divorced in 1978 when he was 15 and his mother married Robert Palmer, whom Depp has called an inspiration to me. With the gift of a guitar from his mother when he was 12, a year after his parents divorce, he dropped out of high school to become a rock musician. He attempted to go back to two weeks later, but the principal told him to follow his dream of being a musician. He played with The Kids, a band that enjoyed modest local success, the Kids set out together for Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method, but the group split up before signing a record deal. Depp subsequently collaborated with the band Rock City Angels and co-wrote their song Mary, on December 20,1983, Depp married Lori Anne Allison, the sister of his bands bass player and singer. During their marriage she worked as a makeup artist while he worked a variety of odd jobs and his wife introduced him to actor Nicolas Cage, who advised him to pursue an acting career. Depp and his wife divorced in 1985, Depps first film role was in the horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street, in which he played the boyfriend of heroine Nancy Thompson and one of Freddy Kruegers victims. After a starring role in the comedy Private Resort, Depp was cast in the role of the skating drama Thrashin by the films director. Instead, Depp appeared in a supporting role as a Vietnamese-speaking private in Oliver Stones Vietnam War drama Platoon. He accepted this role to work with actor Frederic Forrest, who inspired him, despite his success, Depp felt that the series forced into the role of product
28.
Thrashin' (film)
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Thrashin, also known as Skate Gang, is a 1986 American skater drama film directed by David Winters, and stars Josh Brolin, Robert Rusler, and featuring Pamela Gidley. The film features appearances from many famous skaters such as Tony Alva, Tony Hawk, Christian Hosoi, the film also stars Sherilyn Fenn, who was cast by the director, together with her boyfriend at the time Johnny Depp, who was later rejected by the producer. Cory Webster is a skateboarder from out of town staying in Los Angeles with friends in hopes of competing and winning a downhill competition for which he has been training. Chrissy is not a Dagger herself but has come from her home in Indiana to stay with her brother in L. A. for the summer. Cory and his crew The Ramp Locals often have confrontations throughout the film because of Corys disobedience to Hook when asked not to come around or call Chrissy again, Chrissy, however, can choose her own relationships and has the opposite interest. Cory disobeys and is chased on skateboard through city streets and a garage by The Daggers. He barely escapes by boarding a bus and exiting through the back door, through all of that memorable scene, the Circle Jerks song Wild in the Streets is played, showcasing the connection between 80s hardcore punk rock and skateboarding culture. Upset at Cory, The Daggers find The Ramp Locals half-pipe and burn it to the ground, Cory and Hook later meet up that night, after an earlier confrontation, at the Dagger house. The rivals joust in the Bronson Canyon ditch until Cory is injured, as Chrissy is driving away, Cory runs outside to try to make up with her, but she doesnt hear him behind her. An emotionally upset Chrissy arrives back at the Daggers house, tells her brother she is going back to Indiana and these are all lies, Chrissy is still upstairs packing. Later that night, Chrissy and her brother have a heart to heart about his protectiveness of her as he drives her to the bus station and he starts to miss Chrissy and begins to practice downhill skateboarding. With a broken arm he has to be cautious and proves to not be able to perform as well. Chrissy, having second thoughts, exits her bus on the highway and hitch-hikes back to Los Angeles just in time to see Cory and Hook battle it out in the last turn of the downhill race. Hook flies over the side of the road and Cory speeds through the line at 63 mph off a ramp. He is awarded a contract with Smash Skates and enough money to rebuild the destroyed ramp burnt by the Daggers. Hook tells Cory that he respects his skill and approves Corys relationship with Chrissy, seeing Cory as worthy and respectful, in respecting Cory, Hook, for the first time, is looked at as respectable as well. A. No Country for Old Men, Milk and Wall Street, Money Never Sleeps, ironically, Brolin was first offered, and turned down, the role of Tom Hansen on 21 Jump Street - which ultimately went to Depp. Sixteen years after release, the MTV series Jackass, in a February 2002 episode, played homage to the jousting scene with maces
29.
Rochester, New York
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Rochester is a city on the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the western portion of the U. S. state of New York, and the seat of Monroe County. The citys population was the third largest — after New York City. This area, which is part of the Western New York region, had a population of 1,079,671 at the time of the 2010 Census, a Census estimate of July 1,2012, raised that number to 1,082,284. Rochester was one of Americas first boomtowns, and rose to prominence as the site of many mills along the Genesee River. Several of the universities have renowned research programs. In addition, Rochester is the site of important inventions and innovations in consumer products. Until 2010, the Rochester metropolitan area was the second-largest regional economy in New York State, internal Revenue Service, after the New York City metropolitan area. Rochesters GMP has since ranked just below that of Buffalo, New York, the 25th edition of the Places Rated Almanac rated Rochester as the most livable city in 2007, among 379 U. S. metropolitan areas. In 2010 Forbes rated Rochester as the third-best place to raise a family, in 2012 Kiplinger rated Rochester as the fifth-best city for families, citing low cost of living, top public schools, and a low jobless rate. Of the 19 places in the United States named Rochester at least eight were named directly after Rochester, New York, having been founded or settled by former residents. These include Rochester, Indiana, Rochester, Texas, Rochester, Iowa, Rochester, Kentucky, Rochester, Michigan, Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, Nevada, and Rochester, Ohio. The Seneca tribe of Native Americans lived in and around Rochester until they lost their claim to most of land in the Treaty of Big Tree in 1797. Settlement before the Seneca tribe is unknown, development of modern Rochester followed the American Revolution, and forced cession of their territory by the Iroquois after the defeat of Great Britain. Allied with the British, four major Iroquois tribes were forced from New York. As a reward for their loyalty to the British Crown, they were given a land grant on the Grand River in Canada. Rochester was founded shortly after the American Revolution by a wave of English-Puritan descended immigrants from New England who were looking for new agricultural land and they would be the dominant cultural group in Rochester for over a century. They chose the site because its three cataracts on the Genesee offered great potential for water power, beginning in 1811, and with a population of 15, the three founders surveyed the land and laid out streets and tracts. In 1817, the Brown brothers and other landowners joined their lands with the Hundred Acre Tract to form the village of Rochesterville, by 1821, Rochesterville was the seat of Monroe County
30.
Anthony Zerbe
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Anthony Jared Zerbe is an American stage, film and Emmy-winning television actor. Zerbe was born in Long Beach, California, the son of Catherine and he attended Pomona College in Claremont, California, graduating in 1958. His parents were alumni of Pomona College. Zerbe served in the United States Air Force from 1959-61, Zerbe studied at the Stella Adler Studio in New York City. B. I. The Rookies, and Columbo, among others and he held a starring role in The Young Riders and co-starred on Harry O in that series second and final seasons. Zerbe was also seen as Pontius Pilate in the miniseries A. D. and as General Grant in North and South and he was also in many episodes of the mini-series Centennial, in 1978. His latest appearance is in the criminal comedy-drama American Hustle, in 1976, Zerbe won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his role as Lieutenant K. C. Trench in the detective series Harry O. In 1981, he played eldest brother Benjamin Hubbard in a Broadway revival of The Little Foxes, Zerbe has been married to Arnette Jens, since October 7,1962, the couple has two children. Anthony Zerbe at the Internet Movie Database Anthony Zerbe at the TCM Movie Database Anthony Zerbe at AllMovie
31.
Wild Bill Hickok
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He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish - often fabricated - tales he told about his life. Some contemporary reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious but, along with his own stories, remain the basis for much of his fame and reputation. Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois, at a time when lawlessness and he fought and spied for the Union Army during the American Civil War and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler. Over the course of his life, he was involved in several notable shootouts, in 1876, Hickok was shot from behind and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory, by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. The hand of cards which he held at the time of his death has become known as the dead mans hand. Hickok remains a figure in frontier history. His father was said to have used the house, now demolished. He was the fourth of six children, William Hickok died in 1852, when James was 15. Hickok was a shot from a young age and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol. Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red, in 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined General Jim Lanes Free State Army, a vigilante group active in the new territory. While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody, who despite his youth served as a scout just two years later for the U. S. Army during the Utah War. While in Nebraska, James Hickok was derisively referred to as Duck Bill for his long nose and he grew a moustache following the McCanles incident and in 1861 began calling himself Wild Bill. He was also known before 1861 by Jayhawkers as Shanghai Bill because of his height, Hickok used the name William Hickok from 1858 and William Haycock during the Civil War. He was arrested using the name Haycock in 1865. He afterward resumed using his name, James Hickok. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869, military records after 1865 list him as Hickok but note that he was also known as Haycock. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre tract in Johnson County, on March 22,1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township
32.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
33.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
34.
The Young Riders
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The series premiered on ABC on September 20,1989 and ran for three seasons until the final episode aired on July 23,1992. Filming of the pilot for the series took place in California. After the ABC network picked it up, the production moved to Tucson, Arizona, with filming in Mescal. Before the series premiere, producers of the 1988 film Young Guns filed a lawsuit against ABC, in the second season, Don Franklin joined the cast to portray the character Noah Dixon. Having never ridden a horse before, Franklin was sent to Cowboy Camp for 3–4 days where he learned how to mount and dismount, desiring to also work behind the cameras, Franklin talked with producers about writing and directing an episode for the series. In an interview, he noted that the producers were very receptive and was regularly encouraging the cast to not only make suggestions. When the cast noted that didnt like the series becoming a guest-villain-of-the-week, it was changed to refocus back on the individual characters. Franklin himself also encouraged that more characters be included in the series. Aloysius Teaspoon Hunter A former Texas Ranger and one of the few survivors of the Battle of the Alamo, a colorful yet immensely wise character, Teaspoon can be a tough task master but he cares about all of his riders. He loves his horse, Katy, who he purchased by winning the money to buy her in a boxing match and he is the first of the riders to learn that Lou is a girl, and he falls in love with her. William F. Cody Buffalo Bill is arrogant, brash, and a bit on the goofy side and he is an excellent shot with long arms such as rifles. James Butler Hickok Wild Bill is hot-tempered and quick to go for his gun and he is a fast draw and gains a reputation as a gunslinger that he doesnt particularly want as it causes people to come challenge him. His temper frequently gets him in trouble, though Teaspoon and Sam try to help him learn to control it, Buck Cross A half-Kiowa who is close friends with Ike. Buck helps break down stereotypes that the townsfolk have of Indians in the area, louise Lou McCloud Lou presents herself as a man so that she can join the riders. The Kid finds Lou out in the first episode, and the riders when they help her rescue her brother and sister from their abusive outlaw father. She eventually falls in love with and marries The Kid, Sam Cain The current marshal of Sweetwater, and a former gunslinger. He is in love with Emma and she marries him at the end of Season 1. Because of his own past, Sam tries to help Hickok deal with his growing gunslinger reputation, Ike McSwain Ike is mute and bald, but that doesnt keep him from being an excellent rider
35.
Aaron Spelling
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Aaron Spelling was an American film and television producer. Some of his successes include the TV programs Charlies Angels, The Love Boat, Dynasty, forbes ranked him the 11th top-earning deceased celebrity in 2009. Spelling was born in Dallas, Texas and he was the son of Pearl and David Spelling, who were Jewish immigrants from Poland. His father worked as a tailor and changed his surname from Spurling to Spelling after immigrating to the United States, Spelling had three brothers, Sam, Max, and Daniel, and a sister, Becky. At the age of eight, Spelling psychosomatically lost the use of his legs due to trauma caused by constant bullying from his schoolmates, after attending Forest Avenue High School in Dallas, he served in the United States Armed Forces during World War II. Spelling later graduated from Southern Methodist University in 1949, where he was a cheerleader and he married actress Carolyn Jones in 1953, in California. Spelling married Candy Gene in 1968, the couple had daughter Tori in 1973 and son Randy in 1978. In 1988, Spelling bought the 6-acre property of Bing Crosbys former Los Angeles house and he demolished the property and built a 123-room home on the lot in 1991. Known as The Manor, it has 56,500 square feet of space and is the largest single-family home in Los Angeles. Spellings widow Candy listed the home for sale in 2008 for $150 million, Spelling made his first appearance as an actor in a film as Harry Williams in Vicki, directed by Harry Horner, in 1953. That same year, he appeared in the TV series I Led Three Lives, of the 149 episodes in that series, he wrote no fewer than twenty of the teleplays and produced a significant number of others. Spelling founded Spelling Entertainment in 1972 and he produced the unsuccessful situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums in 1977. In 2001, Spelling was diagnosed with oral cancer, on June 23,2006, Spelling died at The Manor, his estate in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles, from complications of a stroke he suffered five days prior. A private funeral was held days later, and Spelling was entombed in a mausoleum in Culver Citys Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery. On April 4,2007, it was announced that 7th Heavens May 13,2007 the episode before the finale would be dedicated to Aaron Spelling. When 7th Heaven ended its run, it was touted by the network as being Spellings longest-running series, on September 15,1978, Spelling was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6667 Hollywood Blvd. In 1996, he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame, archived from the original on October 15,2012. Aaron Spelling at the Internet Movie Database Aaron Spelling interview video at the Archive of American Television
36.
Mister Sterling
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Mister Sterling is an American television serial drama created by Lawrence ODonnell that ran from January to March in 2003. It starred Josh Brolin as an idealistic United States Senator, and featured Audra McDonald, William Russ, David Noroña, the series was produced by Bernadette Joyce, co-producer, Garry A. Josh Brolin as Bill Sterling Audra McDonald as Jackie Brock William Russ as Tommy Doyle David Norona as Leon Montero James Whitmore as Bill Sterling, Senator Burt Gammel Senate Minority Leader Senate Majority Leader Senator Dan Wilson Senator Jack Thunder Hawk Jackson Senator Kate Robertson Elected in 1998. Senator Millman Senator Ron Garland Running for the Presidency. S
37.
2010 Toronto International Film Festival
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The 35th annual Toronto International Film Festival, was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 9 and September 19,2010. The opening night gala presented Score, A Hockey Musical, a Canadian comedy-drama musical film, last Night closed the festival on September 19. 2010 TIFF included 258 feature films, down from 264 in 2009, however, the number of short films at the 2010 festival increased to 81, making the total number of films 339, five more than in 2009. Of the feature films, TIFF claims that 112 are world premieres,24 are international premieres, and 98 are North American premieres
38.
Planet Terror
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Planet Terror is a 2007 American zombie film directed by Robert Rodriguez. It follows a group of attempting to survive an onslaught of zombie-like creatures as they feud with a military unit. The film stars Rose McGowan, Freddy Rodriguez, Josh Brolin, Marley Shelton, Naveen Andrews, Michael Biehn, Jeff Fahey, Stacy Ferguson, and Bruce Willis. In addition to directing the film, Rodriguez wrote the script, directed the cinematography, wrote the score, co-edited. Released on April 6,2007, Grindhouse ticket sales were significantly below box office analysts expectations, outside the U. S and released separately, Planet Terror and Death Proof screened in extended versions. Two soundtracks were released for the features and include music. Planet Terror was released on DVD in the United States and Canada on October 23,2007, in rural Texas, go-go dancer Cherry Darling decides to quit her low-paying job and find another occupation. She runs into her mysterious ex-boyfriend El Wray at the Bone Shack, when Muldoon learns that Abby has an extra supply on hand, he attempts to take Abby hostage, and Abby intentionally releases the gas into the air. The gas reaches the town and turns most of its residents into deformed bloodthirsty psychopaths, the infected townspeople are treated by the sinister Dr. William Block and his unhappy, unfaithful bisexual anesthesiologist wife Dakota at a local hospital. Random zombie attacks begin along the highway, causing El Wray, with Cherry as his passenger, in the aftermath, several zombies tear off Cherrys right leg. Also falling victim, fatally, is Tammy, who was on her way to town to reunite with her former lover Dakota. When Tammys body arrives at the hospital, Dr. Block recognizes her and by comparing text messages on the phones of Tammy and his wife. El Wray is detained by Sheriff Hague based on past encounters between the two men, as the patients transform into zombies, El Wray leaves the police station and arrives at the hospital, attaching a wooden table leg to Cherrys stump. As El Wray and Cherry fight their way out of the hospital, Dakota escapes to her car. She eventually manages to drive away, meanwhile, Block becomes infected along with others, while Cherry and El Wray take refuge at the Bone Shack. Dakota retrieves her son Tony and takes him to her father, Earl McGraw, Tony, who was given a revolver by his mother, accidentally shoots himself in the face after being told not to point it at himself. Cherry and El Wray make love in J. T. s bedroom, Dakota, Earl, Cherrys former boss Skip, and Tonys crazed babysitter twins arrive at the Bone Shack. With Sheriff Hague badly injured, the group decides to flee to the Mexican border, Muldoons men arrive, and kill the zombies before arresting the group
39.
Quentin Tarantino
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Quentin Jerome Tarantino is an American director, writer, and actor. His career began in the late 1980s, when he wrote and directed My Best Friends Birthday and its popularity was boosted by his second film, Pulp Fiction, a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences. Judged the greatest film from 1983–2008 by Entertainment Weekly, many critics, for his next effort, Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown, an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch. Tarantino directed Death Proof as part of a feature with friend Robert Rodriguez. His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds, which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germanys political leadership, was released in 2009 to positive reviews, after that came 2012s critically acclaimed Django Unchained, a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South. It became the film of his career so far, making over $425 million at the box office. Tarantinos films have garnered critical and commercial success. He has received industry awards, including two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two BAFTA Awards and the Palme dOr, and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy. He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005, Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him the single most influential director of his generation. In December 2015, Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry, Tarantino was born on March 27,1963 in Knoxville, Tennessee, the son of Connie McHugh and Tony Tarantino. His father is of Italian descent, and his mother has English and Irish ancestry, Quentin was named after Quint Asper, Burt Reynolds character in the CBS series Gunsmoke. Quentins mother met his father during a trip to Los Angeles and she married him soon after, to gain independence from her parents, but the marriage did not last. Connie Tarantino left Los Angeles, and moved to Knoxville, where her parents lived, in 1966, Tarantinos mother, after finishing her nursing studies, moved back to Los Angeles with her then three-year-old son. They lived in the South Bay, in the part of the city. Tarantinos mother married musician Curtis Zastoupil soon after coming to Los Angeles, and the moved to Torrance. Zastoupil encouraged his love of movies, and accompanied him to film screenings. Tarantinos mother allowed him to see movies with adult content, such as Carnal Knowledge, after his mother divorced Zastoupil in 1973, and received a misdiagnosis of Hodgkins lymphoma, Tarantino was sent to live with his grandparents in Tennessee. He remained there for six months to a year, before returning to California
40.
Robert Rodriguez
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Robert Anthony Rodriguez is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and musician. He shoots and produces many of his films in Mexico and his home state, Rodriguez directed the 1992 action film El Mariachi, which was a commercial success after grossing $2 million against a budget of $7,000. The film spawned two sequels known collectively as the Mexico Trilogy, Desperado and Once Upon a Time in Mexico and he directed From Dusk till Dawn in 1996 and developed its television adaptation series. Rodriguez co-directed the 2005 neo-noir crime thriller anthology Sin City and the 2014 sequel, Sin City, Rodriguez also directed the Spy Kids films, The Faculty, as well as The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D, Planet Terror, and Machete. He is a friend and frequent collaborator of filmmaker Quentin Tarantino, who founded the production company A Band Apart, in December 2013, Rodriguez launched his own cable television channel, El Rey. Rodríguez was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Mexican-American parents Rebecca, a nurse, and Cecilio G. Rodríguez and he began his interest in film at age eleven, when his father bought one of the first VCRs, which came with a camera. While attending St. Anthony High School Seminary in San Antonio, in high school, he met Carlos Gallardo, they both shot films on video throughout high school and college. Rodriguez went to the College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, not having grades high enough to be accepted into the schools film program, he created a daily comic strip entitled Los Hooligans. Many of the characters were based on his siblings – in particular, one of his sisters, the comic ran for three years in the student newspaper The Daily Texan, while Rodríguez continued to make short films. Rodríguez shot action and horror films on video and edited on two VCRs. In late 1990, his entry in a film contest earned him a spot in the universitys film program. There he made the award-winning 16 mm short Bedhead, the film chronicles the amusing misadventures of a young girl whose older brother sports an incredibly tangled mess of hair which she detests. Even at this stage, Rodríguezs trademark style began to emerge, quick cuts, intense zooms. Bedhead was recognized for excellence in the Black Maria Film Festival and it was selected by Film/Video Curator Sally Berger, for the Black Maria 20th-anniversary retrospective at MoMA in 2006. The short film Bedhead attracted enough attention to him to seriously attempt a career as a filmmaker. Rodriquez won the Audience Award for this film at the Sundance Film Festival in 1993 and its promotion still advertised it as the movie made for $7,000. Rodríguez described his experiences making the film in his book Rebel Without a Crew, Desperado, was a sequel to El Mariachi that starred Antonio Banderas and introduced Salma Hayek to American audiences. Rodriguez has also worked with Kevin Williamson, on the horror film The Faculty, in 2001, Rodríguez enjoyed his first Hollywood hit with Spy Kids, which went on to become a movie franchise
41.
Grindhouse (film)
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Grindhouse is a 2007 American horror film double feature co-written, produced, and directed by Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino. The films title derives from the U. S. film industry term grindhouse, each feature is preceded by faux trailers of exploitation films in other genres that were developed by other directors. After the film was released on April 6,2007, ticket sales performed significantly below box office analysts expectations despite mostly positive critic reviews, in much of the rest of the world, each feature was released separately in extended versions. Two soundtracks were released for the features and include music. The feature later found success on DVD and Blu-ray. In several interviews, despite the box office failure, the directors have expressed their interest in a sequel to the film due to its critical acclaim. Three spin-off films were made, based on Grindhouses fake trailers, Machete, Machete Kills. In a rural town in Texas, go-go dancer Cherry Darling decides to quit her low-paying job and she runs into mysterious ex-boyfriend El Wray at the Bone Shack, a restaurant owned by J. T. Hague. Meanwhile, a group of officials, led by the demented Lt. Muldoon, are making a business transaction with a scientist named Abby for mass quantities of a deadly biochemical agent known as DC2. Muldoon learns that Abby has an extra supply on hand and attempts to take him hostage, Abby intentionally releases the gas into the air. The gas reaches the town and turns its residents into deformed bloodthirsty, man-eating psychopaths, the infected townspeople are treated by the sinister Dr. William Block and his abused, neglected anesthesiologist wife Dakota at a local hospital. As the patients quickly become enraged aggressors, Cherry and El Wray lead a team of warriors into the night. Cast Rose McGowan as Cherry Darling Freddy Rodriguez as El Wray Josh Brolin as Dr. William Block Marley Shelton as Dr. Dakota Block Jeff Fahey as J. T. Hague Michael Biehn as Sheriff Hague Rebel Rodriguez as Tony Block Bruce Willis as Lt. Muldoon Naveen Andrews as Dr, the man, Stuntman Mike, stalks the young women with his death proof car, eventually killing all three. According to Rodriguez, it was Tarantinos idea to film trailers for Grindhouse. I didnt even know about it until I read it in the trades and it said something like Rodriguez and Tarantino doing a double feature and Tarantino says theres gonna be fake trailers. Rodriguez and Tarantino had originally planned to all of the films fake trailers themselves. According to Rodriguez, We had so many ideas for trailers, I shot lobby cards and the poster and cut the trailer and sent it to Quentin, and he just flipped out because it looked so vintage and so real
42.
Gus Van Sant
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Gus Green Van Sant, Jr. is an American film director, screenwriter, painter, photographer, musician and author who has earned acclaim as both an independent and more mainstream filmmaker. His films typically deal with themes of marginalized subcultures, in particular homosexuality, as such, Van Sants early career was devoted to directing television commercials in the Pacific Northwest. He made his cinematic directorial debut with Mala Noche. In addition to directing, Van Sant wrote the screenplays for several of his earlier works, a book of his photography, called 108 Portraits, has also been published, and he has released two musical albums. He is openly gay and currently lives in Portland, Oregon, as a result of his fathers job, the family moved continually during Van Sants childhood. His paternal family is of partial Dutch origin, the name Van Sant is derived from the Dutch name Van Zandt, the earliest Van Zandt arrived in the New Netherland area in the early 17th century, around what is now New York City. Van Sant is an alumnus of Darien High School in Darien, Connecticut, one constant in the directors early years was his interest in visual arts, while still in school he began making semi-autobiographical shorts costing between 30 and 50 dollars. Van Sants artistic leanings took him to the Rhode Island School of Design in 1970, after spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as an assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a young actress who goes to Hollywood. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this section of L. A. s population, especially in context with the more ordinary. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on societys fringes and it was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, Van Sant moved back to Portland, Oregon, where he set up house and began giving life to the ideas rejected by Universal. He directed Drugstore Cowboy about four drug addicts robbing pharmacies to support their habit, the film met with great critical success and revived the career of Matt Dillon. Only with the success of Cowboy was Van Sant now given license to make Idaho, now New Line Cinema had given Van Sant the green light, he was on a mission to get the Idaho script to his first choices for his two young leads. After months of struggle with agents and managers over the content of the script, Van Sant finally secured River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves in the roles of Mike Waters and Scott Favor
43.
American Gangster (film)
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American Gangster is a 2007 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by Steven Zaillian. The film stars Russell Crowe and Denzel Washington in their first lead acting roles together since 1995s Virtuosity, the film also co-stars Ted Levine, John Ortiz, Josh Brolin, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Norman Reedus, Ruby Dee, Lymari Nadal and Cuba Gooding Jr. Development for the film began in 2000, when Universal Pictures and Imagine Entertainment purchased the rights to a New York magazine story about the rise. Two years later, screenwriter Steven Zaillian introduced a 170-page scriptment to Scott, original production plans were to commence in Toronto for budget purposes, however, production eventually relocated permanently to New York City. Because of the rising budget Universal canceled production in 2004. After negotiations with Terry George, it was revived with Scott at the helm in March 2005. Principal photography commenced over a period of five months from July to December 2006, filming took place throughout New York City, American Gangster premiered in New York on October 20,2007, and was released in the United States and Canada on November 2. The film was received by most film critics, and grossed over US$266.5 million worldwide. In 1968, Frank Lucas is the man of Harlem gangster Ellsworth Bumpy Johnson. When Johnson dies of an attack, Lucas takes control of the Harlem crime scene. After handing in almost $1 million that he found in a mobsters car, after his exiled and addicted partner overdoses on a potent brand of heroin called Blue Magic, Captain Lou Toback puts Roberts in charge of a task force that targets local suppliers. Lucas buys Blue Magic directly from producers in Thailand and smuggles it into the U. S. through returning Vietnam War servicemen and his low overhead allows him to eventually wholesale Blue Magic to most the dealers in the New York area. With this monopoly, Lucas expands his control to nightclubs, casinos and he buys a mansion for his mother and recruits his five brothers, including Huey and Turner, as lieutenants to spread his empire. During his rise to becoming Harlems crime boss, Lucas falls in love with Eva, as Lucas business prospers, he makes a point of operating quietly and dressing with a modest conservatism both as a sign of strength and to avoid attracting police attention. Also, he stays away from the drugs to avoid making decisions under the influence. Lucas must also compete with local crime figure Nicky Barnes, a young gun trying to take over Harlem who has been diluting Lucas Blue Magic, after the Fall of Saigon cuts off Lucas supply, he is forced to rely on the other crime rings. Roberts detectives witness Frank Lucas cousin and driver shoot a woman, the gathered information allows Roberts and his task force to identify and search one of the last planes carrying Lucas stock, discovering Blue Magic in the coffins of dead returning servicemen. With this evidence they obtain a warrant to follow the drugs into Newarks projects, in the ensuing shootout, Steve Lucas, Frank Lucas young nephew who gave up a promising career for the New York Yankees to join Lucas crime family, is killed
44.
Oliver Stone
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William Oliver Stone is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer. Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of Midnight Express and he also wrote the acclaimed gangster movie Scarface. As a director, Stone achieved prominence as director/writer of the war drama Platoon, for which Stone won the Academy Award for Best Director, Platoon was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with Born on the Fourth of July —for which Stone won his second Best Director Oscar—and Heaven & Earth. Many of Stones films focus on controversial American political issues during the late 20th century and they often combine different camera and film formats within a single scene, as evidenced in JFK, Natural Born Killers, and Nixon. Stone was born September 15,1946, in New York City, the son of Jacqueline and Louis Stone and he grew up in Manhattan and Stamford, Connecticut. His parents met during World War II, when his father was fighting as a part of the Allied force in France and his American-born father was a non-practicing Jew, and his French-born mother was a non-practicing Roman Catholic. Stone was raised in the Episcopal Church, and now practices Buddhism, Stone attended Trinity School in New York City before his parents sent him away to The Hill School, a college-preparatory school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. His parents were divorced abruptly while he was away at school, Stones mother was often absent and his father made a big impact on his life, father-son relationships were to feature heavily in Stones films. He often spent parts of his vacations with his maternal grandparents in France. Stone also worked at 17 in the Paris mercantile exchange in sugar, Stone graduated from The Hill School in 1964. Stone was admitted into Yale University, but left in June 1965 at age 18 to teach school students English for six months in Saigon at the Free Pacific Institute in South Vietnam. Afterwards, he worked as a wiper on a United States Merchant Marine ship in 1966 and he returned to Yale, where he dropped out a second time. In April 1967, Stone enlisted in the United States Army, from September 16,1967 to April 1968, he served in Vietnam with 2nd Platoon, B Company, 3rd Battalion, 25th Infantry Division and was twice wounded in action. He was then transferred to the First Cavalry Division participating in long range patrols before being transferred again to drive for an infantry unit of the division until November 1968. Stone graduated from New York University with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film in 1971, Stone made a short, well received 12-minute film Last Year in Viet Nam. In 1979, Stone won his first Academy Award, after adapting true-life prison story Midnight Express into a hit film for British director Alan Parker. Stones screenplay for Midnight Express was criticized by some for its inaccuracies in portraying the events described in the book, the original author, Billy Hayes, around whom the film is set, spoke out against the film, protesting that he had many Turkish friends while in jail
45.
Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps
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Wall Street, Money Never Sleeps is a 2010 American drama film directed by Oliver Stone, a sequel to Wall Street. It stars Michael Douglas, Shia LaBeouf, Josh Brolin, Carey Mulligan, Frank Langella, Susan Sarandon and, in his film role before his death in 2014. The film takes place in New York,23 years after the original, principal photography took place in New York between September and November 2009. After having its release date moved twice, Money Never Sleeps was released worldwide on September 24,2010. Prior to its release, many journalists connected to the financial industry were reportedly shown advance screenings of the film. In 2001, Gordon Gekko is released from prison after serving eight years for insider trading, seven years later, Gekko is promoting his new book Is Greed Good. Warning about the economic downturn. His estranged daughter, Winnie, runs a small, non-profit news website and is dating Jacob Moore, Jacob is a protégé of managing director Louis Zabel, and is trying to raise money for a fusion research project which would create massive amounts of clean energy for the world. Jake is also assisting his mother, who has begun a new career selling real estate. When the recession of 2008 hits, Keller Zabels stock loses more than 50% of its value, Zabel kills himself by jumping in front of a subway train because he cannot handle the stress and embarrassment of losing his company. A distraught Jacob proposes marriage to Winnie, who accepts, then attends a lecture given by Gordon Gekko, Gekko tells him that Keller Zabels collapse started when rumors of the company having toxic debt started to spread. Jacob and Gekko arrange a trade, Jacob will try to reconcile Winnies and Gekkos relationship, Jake, aided by Gekko, learns that Bretton James profited from the Keller Zabel collapse. In revenge, Jake spreads rumors about the nationalization of an Equatorial Guinea oil field owned by Churchill Schwartz, the company loses $120 million, but Bretton offers Jake a job, impressed by his initiative. In his new position, Jake convinces Chinese investors to fund the research by Dr. Masters he has been supporting. Jake attends a fundraiser with Winnie and pays for a seat at a table for Gekko priced at $10,000, Gekko confronts Bretton about what he did to him and also to Zabel. Bretton mocks him that no one cares what Gekko knows or thinks anymore, Gekko also bumps into Bud Fox, and they discuss their shared experience going to jail. Gekko then follows Winnie outside, where she explains why she blames him for everything that went wrong, Gekko claims he paid for the best therapists and even paid off a drug dealer to stop selling to Rudy, who died from an overdose. As the economy starts to crumble, Bretton and business mentor Julius Steinhardt advise federal regulators what drastic actions must be taken, jakes mother continues to come to him for large sums of money
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