1.
Stockholm Jazz Festival
–
Stockholm Jazz Festival, established in 1980, is an annual jazz festival in Stockholm, Sweden. It is a summer event of Stockholm and it is spread over several venues across the city. For a full list see the links below. For the festival of 2007, however, a project called Jazzens år 2007 is an effort to put focus. Stockholm Jazzathon is an attempt to set a new record as the worlds longest jam, a five-day, around the clock jazz improvisation featuring over 100 musicians. The concert starts July 11th and is streamed live on stockholmjazzathon. com as a part of the Stockholm Jazz Festival, the record highlights the festival’s 25th anniversary, but the celebration regards the entire jazz scene, with all its different variations
2.
Dover
–
Dover is a town and major ferry port in the home county of Kent, in South East England. The town is the centre of the Dover District and home of the Dover Calais ferry through the Port of Dover. The surrounding chalk cliffs are known as the White Cliffs of Dover and its strategic position has been evident throughout its history, archaeological finds have revealed that the area has always been a focus for peoples entering and leaving Britain. The name of the town derives from the name of the river flows through it. There was a barracks in Dover, which was closed in 2007. Although many of the ferry services have declined, services related to the Port of Dover provide a great deal of the town’s employment. Local residents had clubbed together to propose buying it for the community, first recorded in its Latinised form of Portus Dubris, the name derives from the Brythonic word for waters. The same element is present in the towns French and Modern Welsh forms, subsequent name forms included Doverre, The current name was in use at least by the time of Shakespeares King Lear, in which the town and its cliffs play a prominent role. The sight of the cliffs when approaching Dover may have given the island of Britain its ancient name of Albion. Dover’s history, because of its proximity to France, has always been of strategic importance to Britain. Archaeological finds have shown there were Stone Age people in the area. Some Iron Age finds exist also, but the coming of the Romans made Dover part of their communications network, like Lemanis and Rutupiae Dover was connected by road to Canterbury and Watling Street, and it became Portus Dubris, a fortified port. Forts were built above the port, lighthouses were constructed to guide passing ships, Dover figured largely in the Domesday Book as an important borough. It also served as a bastion against various attackers, notably the French during the Napoleonic Wars and it was one of the Cinque Ports during medieval times. Dover is near the extreme south-east corner of Britain between Deal and Folkestone and this led to the silting up of the river mouth by the action of longshore drift, the town was then forced into making artificial breakwaters to keep the port in being. These breakwaters have been extended and adapted so that the port lies almost entirely on reclaimed land. The higher land on either side of the valley – the Western Heights, the town has gradually extended up the river valley, encompassing several villages in doing so. Little growth is possible along the coast, since the cliffs are on the sea’s edge, the railway, being tunnelled and embanked, skirts the foot of the cliffs
3.
Contemporary R&B
–
Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
4.
Soul music
–
Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
5.
Blue-eyed soul
–
Blue-eyed soul is rhythm and blues and soul music performed by white artists. The term was coined in the mid-1960s, to describe artists who performed soul and R&B that was similar to the music of the Motown. Though many rhythm and blues radio stations would play music by black musicians. The Righteous Brothers named their 1964 LP Some Blue-Eyed Soul, Blue-eyed soul was applied to such artists as Sonny & Cher, the Beatles, Tom Jones, Barry McGuire, and Roy Head. White musicians playing R&B music, however, began before the term blue-eyed soul was coined, lonnie Macks 1963 gospel-infused vocals earned him widespread critical acclaim as a blue-eyed soul singer. Groups such as The Rascals had soul-tinged pop songs, but it was the vocals of Felix Cavaliere that gave them the blue-eyed soul sound. By the mid-1960s, British singers Dusty Springfield, Eric Burdon, Blue-eyed soul singer, Chris Clark became the first white singer to have an R&B hit with Motown Records in 1966. In 1967, Jerry Lee Lewis, whose latter days at Sun Records had been characterized by R&B covers, delaney and Bonnie produced the blue-eyed soul album Home on Stax in 1969. Michael Sembello, who left home at age 17 to tour with Stevie Wonder, wrote and performed on numerous blue-eyed soul hits for Wonder, Brian McKnight, David Sanborn, Bill Champlin and Bobby Caldwell. Todd Rundgren began his career in Woodys Truck Stop, a based on the model of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band. He left the band to form the rock band Nazz in 1967. Outside the Anglo-American scene, in Italy, Mina and Carmen Villani fused elements of music with the traditional Italian pop music. Carola and Doris were notable Scandinavian artists who were influenced by soul music, in February 1975, Tower of Power became the first white/mixed act to appear on Soul Train. Also in 1975, David Bowie, another early white artist to appear on Soul Train, released Young Americans and it featured the funk-inspired Fame, which became Bowies first number-one hit in the US. Hall & Oates 1975 Silver Album includes the ballad Sara Smile, shes Gone, another soulful hit, was originally released in 1973 but did better as a re-release after Sara Smile. Boz Scaggs 1976 Lowdown, which featured Scaggs laid-back vocals and a funky groove. In April 1976, The Faragher Brothers became the first all-white ensemble to make an appearance on Soul Train. In September that year, white funk band Wild Cherry released the Billboard Hot 100 chart topping funk/rock single Play That Funky Music, the single would eventually sell 2.5 million copies
6.
Reggae
–
Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A1968 single by Toots and the Maytals Do the Reggay was the first popular song to use the word reggae, effectively naming the genre, Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as ‘Rudie Blues’, then ‘Ska’, later ‘Blue Beat’ and it is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady, from the latter, stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues, jazz, mento, calypso, African music, as well as other genres. One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms, staccato chords played by a guitar or piano on the offbeats of the measure, the tempo of reggae is usually slower than ska but faster than rocksteady. The concept of call and response can be found throughout reggae music, the genre of reggae music is led by the drum and bass. The bass guitar often plays the dominant role in reggae, the bass sound in reggae is thick and heavy, and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies emphasized. The guitar in reggae usually plays on the off beat of the rhythm and it is common for reggae to be sung in Jamaican Patois, Jamaican English, and Iyaric dialects. Reggae is noted for its tradition of criticism and religion in its lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, such as love. Reggae has spread to countries across the world, often incorporating local instruments. Reggae en Español spread from the mainland South America countries of Venezuela, Caribbean music in the United Kingdom, including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, and has evolved into several subgenres and fusions. Many reggae artists began their careers in the UK, and there have been a number of European artists and bands drawing their inspiration directly from Jamaica, Reggae in Africa was boosted by the visit of Bob Marley to Zimbabwe in 1980. In Jamaica, authentic reggae is one of the biggest sources of income, the 1967 edition of the Dictionary of Jamaican English lists reggae as a recently estab. Sp. for rege, as in rege-rege, a word that can mean either rags, ragged clothing or a quarrel, a row. Reggae as a term first appeared in print with the 1968 rocksteady hit Do the Reggay by The Maytals which named the genre of Reggae for the world. Reggae historian Steve Barrow credits Clancy Eccles with altering the Jamaican patois word streggae into reggae, however, Toots Hibbert said, Theres a word we used to use in Jamaica called streggae. If a girl is walking and the look at her and say Man, shes streggae it means she dont dress well
7.
Relentless Records
–
Relentless Records is a record label currently headed by co-founder Shabs Jobanputra. Originally known for such as Artful Dodgers Re-Rewind and B15 Projects Girls Like This, Relentless has also published albums by Joss Stone, KT Tunstall, So Solid Crew. Relentless Records was formally registered as a company on 1 December 1999, after first working with Virgin Records in 2003, the label was sold to it in 2009. Affected by the November 2011 dissolution of EMI Group, Virgins recorded music business was sold to Universal Music UK, propitiously, Jobanputra had departed EMI in April 2011, with a deal returning control of the Relentless name to him whilst leaving the labels roster signed to the major. In this interim period, Relentless released music from Ms. Dynamite and Cage the Elephant and signed artists Rude Kid, in January 2012 Relentless became part of Sony Music in the UK, reuniting Jobanputra with his former EMI/Virgin colleague Nick Gatfield. Recent signings include Bondax, Misha B, Misty Miller, The Other Tribe, Mausi, Roll Deep, Martin Solveig, Chris Malinchak, Relentless works closely with in-house company Media Village for its PR and A&R
8.
Virgin Records
–
Virgin Records is a British-founded record label originally founded by English entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell, and musician Tom Newman in 1972. It was later sold to Thorn EMI in 1992, today, the operations of Virgin Records America, Inc. are still active and headquartered in Hollywood, California, as it operates exclusively under the Capitol Music Group since 2007. US artists include Knox Hamilton, LTric and Rise Against, in fact the first real store was above a shoe shop at the Tottenham Court Road end of Oxford Street. After making the shop into a success, they turned their business into a fully fledged record label, the name Virgin, according to Branson, arose from Tessa Watts, a colleague of his, when they were brainstorming business ideas. She suggested Virgin – as they were all new to business – like virgins, the original Virgin logo was designed by English artist and illustrator Roger Dean, a young naked woman in mirror image with a large long-tailed serpent and the word Virgin in Deans familiar script. A variation on the logo was used for the spin-off Caroline Records label and this was soon followed by some notable krautrock releases, including electronic breakthrough album Phaedra by Tangerine Dream, and The Faust Tapes and Faust IV by Faust. The Faust Tapes album retailed for 49p and as a result allowed this relatively unknown band to reach number 12 in the album charts, other early albums include Gongs Flying Teapot, which Daevid Allen has been quoted as having never been paid for. Under the guidance of Tessa Watts, Virgins Head of Publicity, shortly afterwards, the Notting Hill record shop was raided by police for having a window display of the Sex Pistols album Never Mind the Bollocks, Heres the Sex Pistols in the window. After modified versions of the label came the red, white and blue design introduced in 1975. The current Virgin logo was created in 1978, commissioned by Simon Draper, brian Cooke of Cooke Key Associates commissioned a graphic designer to produce a stylised signature. In 1983 Virgin purchased Charisma Records, renaming it Charisma/Virgin, then later Virgin/Charisma, before folding the label in 1986, in the process they acquired Genesis and comedy group Monty Python. The Charisma label was reactivated in the US in 1990 and enjoyed success with such as Maxi Priest, Right Said Fred,38 Special. When this Charisma label was retired in 1992, all of its artists were, as before, in 1987, Venture Records was created for new age and modern classical artists including Klaus Schulze, who had been associated with Virgin since the early 1970s. 10 Records Immortal Records Delabel Caroline Records was a label used from 1973 to 1977. The name and logo were used for some American editions of Virgin records in the 1980s and 1990s. Caroline was primarily used for independent distribution until the label was reactivated in 2013, today, Caroline Records acts as an independent label taking the place of EMI Label Services, after Virgins former parent company EMI was purchased by Universal Music Group. Front Line Records was a label for issuing Jamaican and English reggae music from 1978 to approximately 1987, a short-lived associated label, Dindisc, had Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and The Monochrome Set during its brief existence, after which its recordings became part of Virgins catalogue. Noo Trybe Records was a hip hop label that existed from 1994 to 1999
9.
Surfdog Records
–
Surfdog Records is an independent record label, music publishing company, merchandising company, and marketing company based in Encinitas, California, United States. Its roster is diverse and includes artists of the rock, punk, swing, rockabilly, reggae, lounge, Surfdog Records officially began as a record label in 1993. Today, in addition to being an Independent record label, other divisions of the company are Dave Kaplan Management Inc, Surfdog Music Publishing and Licensing, Surfdog Merchandising, Surfdog Entertainment Marketing and Surfdogs Java Hut. Rockabilly and big band jazz musician Brian Setzer, also managed by Dave Kaplan Management Inc. has released albums through Surfdog Records. Since 2000, Setzer has won three GRAMMY Awards, as well as receiving his seventh GRAMMY nomination in 2007 for his album Wolfgangs Big Night Out. Dave Stewart, best known for his work with British pop-rock duo Eurythmics, joined Surfdogs roster in 2007, followed by his 2011 release through Surfdog Records The Blackbird Diaries. British soul singer Joss Stone released her studio album LP1 through Surfdog Records in partnership with her own Stoned Records in 2011. Stone co-wrote and co-produced the album with Dave Stewart, campbell in 2012 received a GRAMMY Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to music throughout his 50 years plus career. In 2013, Surfdog announced the signing of a collaboration with rock and roll legend Eric Clapton for Claptons new record Old Sock, released in March 12,2013. On April 22,2014, Drake Bell released his first studio album since 2006s Its Only Time with Universal Motown Records, the record debuted at #182 on the Billboard 200, #50 on the Billboard Top Rock Albums, and #32 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums charts. It sold 2,000 copies in its first week of release, the record contains songs originally by Billy Joel, Queen, The Kinks, Stray Cats, and more. Brian Setzer, frontman of Stray Cats and also on the Surfdog roster, bull, a song on Ready Steady Go. was on the top 10 charts in Mexico for several weeks. On May 19,2014, Release of The Burning of Rome’s Year of The Ox, on July 29,2014, Eric Clapton & Friends released The Breeze, An Appreciation of JJ Cale. The Breeze is full of covers of songs originally by JJ Cale and contains vocals by Mark Knopfler, Willie Nelson, John Mayer, Tom Petty, the album received much attention, achieving a #2 debut on the Billboard Top 200 album charts. On August 12,2014, Brian Setzer released his newest record, the record contains new music from Setzer and was widely accepted by music critics. Lets Shake was the first single of the record, on October 6,2014, The Burning of Rome were one of the biggest winners at the 2014 San Diego Music Awards. Along with Jason Mraz they led the nomination pool and they won Best Live Performer, Best Alternative Album for Year of The Ox, and Song of the Year for God of Small Things. On October 21,2014, Brian Setzers 1959 Gretsch 6120 was inducted into the world-renowned Smithsonian Institution in Washington D. C
10.
Universal Music Group
–
Universal Music Group is an American-French global music corporation that is a subsidiary of the Paris-based French media conglomerate Vivendi. UMGs global corporate headquarters are in Santa Monica, California and it is considered one of the Big Three record labels, along with Warner Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment. Universal Music was once the music attached to film studio Universal Pictures and its origins go back to the formation of the American branch of Decca Records in September 1934. The Decca Record Co. Ltd. of England spun American Decca off in 1939, MCA Inc. merged with American Decca in 1962. The present organization was formed when its parent company Seagram purchased PolyGram in May 1998, however, the name had first appeared in 1996 when MCA Music Entertainment Group was renamed Universal Music Group. The PolyGram acquisition included Deutsche Grammophon which traces its ancestry to Berliner Gramophone making Deutsche Grammophon UMGs oldest unit, UMGs Canadian unit traces its ancestry to a Berliner Gramophone breakaway firm the Compo Company. With the 2004 acquisition of Universal Studios by General Electric and merging with GEs NBC and this is the second time a music company has done so, the first being the separation of Time Warner and Warner Music Group. On June 25,2007, Vivendi completed its €1.63 billion purchase of BMG Music Publishing, after receiving European Union regulatory approval, doug Morris stepped down from his position as CEO on January 1,2011. Former chairman/CEO of Universal Music International Lucian Grainge was promoted to CEO of the company, Grainge later replaced him as chairman on March 9,2011. Morris became the chairman of Sony Music Entertainment on July 1,2011. With Grainges appointment as CEO at UMG, Max Hole was promoted to COO of UMGI, starting in 2011 UMGs Interscope Geffen A&M Records will be signing contestants from American Idol/Idol series. On January 2011, UMG announced it was donating 200,000 master recordings from the 1920s to 1940s to the Library of Congress for preservation, in March 2011, Barry Weiss became chairman & CEO of The Island Def Jam Music Group & Universal Republic Records. Both companies are restructuring under Weiss, in December 2011, David Foster was named Chairman of Verve Music Group. Among the other companies that had competed for the music business was Warner Music Group which was reported to have made a $2 billion bid. However, IMPALA has said it would fight the merger, coincidentally, UMG sister company StudioCanal has owned the EMI Films library for several years. On September 21,2012, the sale of EMI to UMG was approved in Europe, UMG divested Mute Records, Parlophone, Roxy Recordings, MPS Records, Cooperative Music, Now Thats What I Call Music. Jazzland, Universal Greece, Sanctuary Records, Chrysalis Records, EMI Classics, Virgin Classics, the Beatles recorded music library was allowed to remain with UMG despite being considered part of Parlophone and is now managed by UMGs reorganized Capitol Music Group worldwide. Robbie Williams, who had recorded for Chrysalis, had his transferred to Universals Island Records
11.
The Soul Sessions
–
The Soul Sessions is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, released on 16 September 2003 by S-Curve Records. The album consists of versions of soul songs from the 1960s and 1970s. In 2004, The Soul Sessions was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize and was nominated for a MOBO Award for Best Album, the Soul Sessions was produced by Miami soul singer Betty Wright and S-Curve Records chief executive officer Steve Greenberg. Stone worked with veteran Miami soul musicians Benny Latimore, Little Beaver, Timmy Thomas and she also worked with contemporary musicians such as neo soul singer Angie Stone and the alternative hip hop group The Roots. Stone told MTV News that she felt intimidated by the credentials of the musicians worked on the album. It was weird because theyve worked with so great, great singers. I kind of walked in, just like this little girl, the Soul Sessions received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications. Jon Caramanica of Rolling Stone stated that Stone shines on this impressive covers set, allMusics Thom Jurek wrote that Stone has unique phrasing and a huge voice that accents, dips, and slips, never overworking a song or trying to bring attention to itself via hollow acrobatics. The Guardians Dorian Lynskey described her singing as rich, mature and agile, jason MacNeil wrote for PopMatters that her voice is more of a soulful voice than those so-called soul divas out there today and that it oozes sex appeal as Benny Latimores piano weaves some magic. Club, Keith Phipps remarked that Sessions establishes Stone as a formidable interpreter, andrew McGregor of BBC Music felt that the album seems a bit of an artistic compromise, music from the rule book rather than the heart. The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau was not impressed either, the Soul Sessions entered the UK Albums Chart at number 89 for the week ending 10 January 2004, peaking at number four in its fifth week on the chart. The British Phonographic Industry certified the album platinum on 15 April 2005. Additionally, it became the 16th best-selling album of 2004 in the UK, in the United States, The Soul Sessions was a sleeper hit. Prior to that, the album topped the Top Heatseekers during the week of 21 February 2004, sales were high on the East Coast, especially in cities such as New York City, Philadelphia and Boston. Within six months of its release, The Soul Sessions was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on 29 March 2004, the album had sold 981,000 units in the US as of July 2011. In June 2004, The Soul Sessions was awarded a Platinum Europe Award by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of one million copies across Europe, the Soul Sessions had sold five million copies worldwide as of June 2012. Credits adapted from the notes of The Soul Sessions
12.
Mercury Prize
–
The Mercury Prize, formerly called the Mercury Music Prize, is an annual music prize awarded for the best album from the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was established by the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards, the prize was originally sponsored by Mercury Communications, a brand owned by Cable & Wireless, from which the prize gets its name. It was later sponsored by Technics, Panasonic, Nationwide Building Society, the 2015 prize was sponsored by the BBC, while in 2016 it was announced that a three-year deal had been struck with Hyundai to sponsor the event. Any album released by a British artist, or by a band where over 50% of the members are British, may be submitted for consideration by their record label. The shortlist is chosen by an independent panel of musicians, music presenters, music producers, music journalists, festival organisers and other figures in the industry in the UK. The prize is open to all types of music, including pop, rock, folk, urban, grime, dance, jazz, blues, electronica and classical. Presentation of the awards usually takes place at an Awards Show in October, after the shortlist is announced at the Album of the Year Launch in September. It is often observed that bands albums are shortlisted, or win the prize, experience a large increase in album sales. Each shortlisted artist receives a specially commissioned Albums of the Year trophy at the Awards Show, unlike some other music awards, the overall winner of the Mercury Prize also receives a cheque, as of 2014, the value of the prize money is £20,000. The winner also receives an additional winners trophy, to date, PJ Harvey is the only artist to have won the award on more than one occasion. She was also the first female solo artist to receive the award, radiohead are the most shortlisted artists with five, but they have never won. The Mercury Prize can have an effect on sales for those artists who are shortlisted. Elbow saw a 700% sales increase of their album The Seldom Seen Kid after winning the Prize in 2008, in their winners speech, Elbows frontman Guy Garvey said that winning the Mercury Prize was Quite literally the best thing that has ever happened to us. 2011 winner PJ Harveys album Let England Shake jumped from number 181 to 24 in the UK official charts the week after the 2011 Awards Show. Despite being regarded by many as highly prestigious, it has suggested that having an album nominated for or winning the Mercury Prize could be a curse on a career in music. All genres of music are eligible for entry, and it is stated that all are treated equally, Simon Frith, chair of the Mercury Prize judging panel, has said that albums are chosen because they are the strongest each year, rather than according to genre. However, the presence of classical, folk and jazz recordings has been cited by some as anomalous, classical acts to have an album nominated have included Sir John Tavener, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, Gavin Bryars and Nicholas Maw. None has ever won, and there has not been a classical album since 2002
13.
Mind Body & Soul
–
Mind Body & Soul is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, released on 15 September 2004 by S-Curve Records. The album received favourable reviews from music critics and earned Stone three Grammy Award nominations, including Best Pop Vocal Album. Mind Body & Soul debuted at one on the UK Albums Chart with 75,000 copies sold in its first week. It also performed strongly on record charts, reaching number 11 on the Billboard 200 in the United States and charting within the top 10 in several countries across Europe. The album has a seductive, sultry feel, theres some genuine grit to the rhythms, john Murphy from musicOMH raved that his is a terrific album, and on this basis Joss Stone is going to be a household name for years and years to come. Music UK commented that songs like Right to Be Wrong, Jet Lag and Killing Time confirm that not only can she deliver pain and he continued, Theres not a bad song here, but there are some that never make it out of the rootsy background. The Guardians Caroline Sullivan believed that this record is best seen as a stone by which she shouldnt be judged too exactingly. She also praised Stones ripening voice, saying it is foxier than on The Soul Sessions, in a review for Blender magazine, Robert Christgau opined that this albums compromise with the teen-pop divahood she was groomed for will feel like a bid for authenticity. Stones infatuation with band grooves provides relief from the radio-ready synthesizers and compressors, david Browne of Entertainment Weekly stated, however, that ave for a mild foray into reggae and a stab at power balladry, the tracks are monotonously midtempo, supper-club soul. The album earned Stone a nomination for International Newcomer of the Year at Germanys Echo Awards in 2005. Mind Body & Soul entered the UK Albums Chart at number one with sales of 75,000 copies, making Stone the youngest female singer to top the chart. It also became the first number-one album for Relentless Records, the album spent one week atop the UK Albums Chart, and was certified was certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry on 9 September 2005. As of July 2012, Mind Body & Soul had sold 940,617 copies in the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number 11 on the Billboard 200 in the United States, selling 73,487 copies in its first week. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on 9 September 2005, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry certified the album platinum, denoting sales in excess of one million copies across Europe. Notes Dont Cha Wanna Ride contains samples from Soulful Strut by Young-Holt Unlimited, the actual duration of music on Sleep Like a Child is 5,19, the rest is filled with silence. Credits adapted from the notes of Mind Body & Soul
14.
UK Albums Chart
–
The UK Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and audio streaming in the United Kingdom. It was published for the first time on 22 July 1956 and is compiled every week by the Official Charts Company on Fridays and it is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 and published in Music Week magazine, and on the OCC website. To qualify for the Official Albums Chart the album must be the correct length and it must be more than three tracks or 20 minutes long and not be classed as a budget album. A budget album costs between £0.50 and £3.75, additionally, various artist compilations – which until January 1989 were included in the main album listing – are now listed separately in a compilations chart. Full details of the rules can be found on the OCC website. In the 1970s the new chart was revealed at 12,45 pm on Thursdays on BBC Radio 1. Since October 1993 it has included in The Official Chart show from 4,00 –5,45 pm on Fridays. A weekly Album Chart show was licensed out to BBC Radio 2 and presented by Simon Mayo,2005 saw a record number of artist album sales with 126.2 million sold in the UK. In February 2015, it was announced that, due to the sales of albums and rise in popularity of audio streaming. Under the revised methodology, the Official Charts Company takes the 12 most streamed tracks from one album, the total of these streams is divided by 1000 and added to the pure sales of the album. This calculation was designed to ensure that the chart continues to reflect the popularity of the albums themselves. The final number one album on the UK Albums Chart to be based purely on sales alone was Smoke + Mirrors by Imagine Dragons, on 1 March 2015, In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith became the first album to top the new streaming-incorporated Official Albums Chart. The most successful artists in the charts depends on the criteria used, as of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at one, however, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks. The male solo artist with the most weeks at one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a solo artist and most top ten albums by any artist. Madonna has the most number one albums by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the Evita film soundtrack which was a cast recording, Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queens Greatest Hits is the album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014
15.
You Had Me
–
You Had Me is a song by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone from her second studio album, Mind Body & Soul. It was released on 13 September 2004 as the lead single. The song was written by Stone, Francis Eg White, Wendy Stoker and you Had Me peaked at number nine on the UK Singles Chart, earning Stone her highest-peaking single on the chart to date. Additionally, the received a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 47th Grammy Awards in 2005. Steve Greenberg, who also co-produced the track, stated, They played the live in the studio for nearly fifteen minutes—it just kept going and going because the vibe was so exciting. Finally, the musicians finished this incredible take—which we knew was the keeper—and we pushed the Save button on the computer, literally two seconds after that button was pushed, the lights went out in the studio. Betty Wright said, You guys funked so hard, you blew the lights out, little did we know that we were in the middle of the Great Eastern Blackout of 2003. If the band had played for even another 30 seconds, we wouldnt have been able to hit the Save button—and this magical take would have been lost forever. You Had Me debuted and peaked at nine on the UK Singles Chart. The single was successful in the Netherlands, reaching number four on the Dutch Top 40. Elsewhere in Europe, it charted at number 14 in Hungary, number 15 in Italy, number 20 in Greece and you Had Me became Stones first single to chart in Australia and Canada, where it peaked at numbers 23 and 29, respectively. The music video for You Had Me was directed by Chris Robinson and it opens with a man named Anthony arriving at his flat and calling Stones name, before spotting a note stuck on the refrigerator. The video then shows what had happened 13 minutes earlier, Stone at the flat, sitting by the window, a flashback sequence shows that Anthony had been partying out with other girls in a bar. He suddenly gets angry and overthrows a table, causing him to be kicked out of the bar, the video cuts back to Stone, who packs her things and leaves the flat after leaving the note stuck on the refrigerator. In the hallway, the lift taking Anthony back to the floor opens just a few seconds after she passes by, Stone then heads for the Prince Street station. Meanwhile, Anthony arrives at the flat and soon notices the note on the refrigerator, soon after Stone leaves the underground, the video shows her walking through the city. She rings up a friend on a payphone, asking if she could come to her house, the video ends with Stone singing the songs final verse while dancing on the roof of her friends block of flats. Credits adapted from the notes of Mind Body & Soul
16.
47th Annual Grammy Awards
–
The 47th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 13,2005 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. They were hosted by Queen Latifah, and televised in the United States by CBS and they recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Ray Charles, whom the event was dedicated in memory of, posthumously won five Grammy Awards while his album, Genius Loves Company, usher received eight nominations and won three including Best Contemporary R&B Album for his diamond selling album Confessions. Britney Spears received her first Grammy of Best Dance Recording for her 2004 smash hit Toxic, the Black Eyed Peas, Gwen Stefani, Eve, Maroon 5, Los Lonely Boys and Franz Ferdinand performed a medley together. Usher performed with James Brown Kanye West performed Jesus Walks, bold type indicates the winner out of the list of nominees. Ray Charles five Grammy wins is the record for most posthumous Grammy Awards won in one night and he is the first artist to win a posthumous Album of the Year Grammy since John Lennon in 1982. In 2000 he won the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year for engineering Luis Miguels Amarte Es Un Placer
17.
Grammy Award for Best New Artist
–
The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out, the award was not presented in 1967. The official guidelines are as follows, For a new artist who releases, during the Eligibility Year, note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist. It is sometimes asserted, with varying degrees of sincerity, that winning the award is a curse, as several award winners were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year. This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1s 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders, so that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone whos gotten it since. The category is also notable for being the one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated. This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album, the award was revoked, but was not handed out to another artist. Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception, the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists,18 duos or groups, between 1997 and 2003, all the winners were solo female artists. Also, from 1993 to 2005, no winner was a male artist. In 2006, John Legend broke this trend, which started with Marc Cohn in 1992. Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the year, Bob Newhart in 1961, Christopher Cross in 1981, Lauryn Hill in 1999. Of all the winners, only three have been country artists, in 1997, LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award. She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010, additionally,2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year. 1984 marked the first time all of the nominees were from outside of the United States. Over the years, the eligibility rules for this category have changed several times, in 2010, Lady Gagas exclusion from the Best New Artist category caused the Recording Academy to change eligibility requirements for the next ceremony. She was ineligible for the nomination because her hit Just Dance had been nominated in 2008, the new rule stated that an artist can be nominated as long as that artist has not previously released an entire album and has subsequently not won a Grammy. To be eligible in the category of Best New Artist, the artist, duo, or group, Must have released a minimum of five singles/tracks or one album, but no more than 30 singles/tracks or three albums. May not have entered into this more than three times, including as a performing member of an established group
18.
BBC
–
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
19.
Introducing Joss Stone
–
Introducing Joss Stone is the third studio album by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, released on 9 March 2007 by Virgin Records. Stone began writing the album in April 2006 in Barbados, before meeting up with producer Raphael Saadiq in the Bahamas to record the songs, Introducing Joss Stone also features guest vocal appearances by rapper Common and singer Lauryn Hill. Upon its release, the album was met generally positive reviews from music critics. In the United States, it debuted at two on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 118,000 units, yielding the second highest debut for a British female solo artist on the chart. It also performed well across continental Europe, charting inside the top 10 in several countries, the album has sold 1.3 million copies worldwide. Chris Anokute was hired by Virgin Records chairman Jason Flom to A&R Introducing Joss Stone with a budget of $1 million, in April 2006, Flom sent Stone to Barbados with Anokute for two months, where she began writing the lyrics and he helped her develop the songs. Stone wrote an estimated 60 songs, Anokute also arranged a duet with Lauryn Hill, who had not guested on anyone elses record since her debut album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill. After spending months in Barbados, Stone travelled to Nassau, Bahamas, to meet up with Saadiq, Raphael is the most incredible musician Ive ever met in my whole life, Stone said. Musically, I feel like he reads my mind, ill give him a look and hell know exactly what I want. The two spent two months in Nassau recording at Compass Point Studios, followed by the mixing at Electric Lady Studios in New York City. On 13 March 2007, VH1 launched a series titled Album Autopsy. The deluxe edition of the album includes a bonus DVD containing behind-the-scenes footage, interviews with Stone, Tell Me bout It was released on 5 March 2007 as the lead single from Introducing Joss Stone. The song peaked at number 28 on the UK Singles Chart, the albums second single, Tell Me What Were Gonna Do Now, features rapper Common and was released on 23 July 2007, peaking at number 84 on the UK Singles Chart. It was ultimately ranked number 38 on Radio & Recordss urban AC year-end chart of 2007 with 9,049 plays, Baby Baby Baby was released on 23 December 2007 as the albums third and final single. The song reached number eight on the UK R&B Singles Chart, Introducing Joss Stone received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications. Rolling Stones Christian Hoard felt that here are a couple of moments on Stones third album when she clobbers a melody with enough showy vocal oomph to make even Christina Aguilera fans squirm. But for the most part, Stone employs her remarkable instrument with focus and nuance on Introducing, mike Joseph of PopMatters commented that ts certainly the first great R&B album Ive heard this year
20.
Recording Industry Association of America
–
The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
21.
Billboard 200
–
The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
22.
Colour Me Free!
–
Colour Me Free. is the fourth studio album by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, released on 20 October 2009 by Virgin Records. The album was scheduled to be released in April 2009. However, Stones label, EMI, delayed it to July, Free Me was released on 22 September 2009 as the only single from the album. In the United States, the physical and digital releases were made available exclusively through Target and iTunes. Features guest appearances by Raphael Saadiq, Nas, Jeff Beck, Sheila E. David Sanborn, despite some criticism towards its ballads, the album was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, who lauded its sonic direction and Stones vocals. Peaked at number 75 on the UK Albums Chart, becoming Stones lowest-peaking album in the United Kingdom and it debuted at number 10 on the US Billboard 200, selling 27,000 units in its first week. The song 4 and 20 was included on the soundtrack to the 2010 romantic comedy film Valentines Day, Stone began writing songs with Jonathan Shorten and Conner Reeves in Devon in early 2008. After noticing a vocal booth recently finished by construction crews, Stone was inspired to record an album, I woke up the next day and it was like, I want to make an album and I dont want to think about it, I dont want to collect songs. Stone called her assistant and asked for her touring musicians, who flew from the United States to Devon the following day, along with Reeves, Shorten and her band, Stone spent an intense week of creation at Mama Stones. We wrote the song and then we rehearsed it for, like, a little minute and we didnt sit down and say, OK, how would we want this album to represent Joss. What songs are we going to choose and it wasnt any of that, Stone explained. She also enlisted guest musicians such as rapper Nas, guitarist Jeff Beck, percussionist Sheila E. Stone performed the song Governmentalist during voter registration group HeadCounts Get Out the Vote Party at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on 3 November 2008. The track was released as a download on Stones and HeadCounts respective websites. On 19 February 2009, Stone kicked off a tour across the United Kingdom at Mama Stones. The tour included concerts in Darlington, Bristol, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester and Dover and she later announced European tour dates, visiting countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Sweden, Poland, Portugal and Greece between June and September 2009. From 21 to 23 November 2009, she performed three shows in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Porto Alegre, Stone then returned to Europe in February and March 2010 for an additional run of tour dates. Free Me was released as the single from Colour Me Free. on 22 September 2009. Stone performed Free Me and a cover of Dusty Springfields Son of a Preacher Man on Dancing with the Stars on 29 September 2009 and she also performed Free Me on Jimmy Kimmel Live. on 1 October 2009 and on Live. with Regis and Kelly on 9 October
23.
LP1 (Joss Stone album)
–
LP1 is the fifth studio album by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone. It was released on 21 July 2011 on Stones own label, Stoned Records, in partnership with Surfdog Records, the album was recorded at Blackbird Studios in Nashville, Tennessee in six days. Stone co-wrote and co-produced the album with producer and Eurythmics co-founder. To promote the album, Stone and Stewart performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on 11 July 2011, on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on 13 July and on Live. with Regis, LP1 received mixed reviews from music critics. The Boston Globes Scott McLennan noted that the album has bolder blues-rock and country undertones, and he further stated, With her rich tone that is cut with a bit of rasp, Stone has the ability to inhabit songs the way good actors create characters. Holly Gleason of Paste described the album as a full-tumble of relentless musicianship, grit and soul and compared it to Dusty Springfields 1969 album Dusty in Memphis. Colin McGuire agreed in his review for PopMatters, and said that the album is missing the key element of why she has been so lauded over the course of her increasingly mature career, mike Diver from BBC Music claimed that LP1 is no successor to The Soul Sessions. Its too loose, too unkempt to promote its maker back up to pops uppermost leagues, Stone packs all the power you expect, but her control misfires enough for some of these tracks to never quite click as they might. He nevertheless referred to Stone as one of the UKs most gifted singers, matthew Cole from Slant Magazine felt that sameness is an issue, as most of the songs here aspire to little more than providing scenery for Stones vocals. He continued, This a wholly acceptable effort, but it makes it clear that Stone is stalling out a decade into what looked at first like a promising career. But such a mild reward hardly seems worth the trouble of her protracted freedom fight, joanne Huffa from Now argued that ated production could be overlooked if the songs were better, but theres a serious lack of hooks for a pop album. And since Stones voice is the point, theres no escaping the leaden lyrics. LP1 debuted and peaked at number 36 on the UK Albums Chart, credits adapted from the liner notes of LP1
24.
Brit Awards
–
The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industrys annual pop music awards. The name was originally a form of British, Britain or Britannia. In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for music, called the Classic Brit Awards, is held each May. Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards,13 as a solo artist, the awards originated as an annual event in 1982 under the auspices of the British record industrys trade association, the BPI. In 1989 they were renamed the Brit Awards, masterCard has been the long-term sponsor of the event. The Brit Awards were broadcast live until 1989, when Samantha Fox, in subsequent years, the event was recorded and broadcast the following night. From 2007, the Brit Awards reverted to a live broadcast on British television, on 14 February on ITV. In that year, comedian Russell Brand was presenter and three awards were dropped from the ceremony, Best British Rock Act, Best British Urban Act, on 18 February 2009, the venue for the BRITs was once again the Earls Court, London. The Brit Awards were held at The O2 in London for the first time in 2011, the Brit Award statuette given to the winners features Britannia, the female personification of Britain. The first awards ceremony was in 1977, as The BRITish Record Industry BRITannia Awards, there have been 36 editions to date. The 2016 Brit Awards was held on 24 February 2016, the 1988 BPI Awards was the first of the ceremonies to be broadcast on live television. The BBC had previously broadcast the ceremony from 1985, with the shows from 1982 to 1984 not broadcast on television, the BBC continued to broadcast the renamed BRIT Awards, live in 1989 and pre-recorded from 1990 to 1992. ITV have broadcast the awards since 1993, pre-recorded until 2006, BBC Radio 1 has provided backstage radio coverage since 2008. In 1987 the BPI Awards ceremony was held in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel, at the time there was a BBC electricians strike in effect, and the organisers decided to use a non-TV events production company, called Upfront, to manage the show. Despite the show being picketed, the event was transmitted as intended, for a while the outdoor broadcast scanner was rocked on its wheels by the protesters and they managed to shut off the power to one of the big GE video screen projectors. In 1989, the ceremony was broadcast live and presented by Fleetwood Macs Mick Fleetwood, the inexperience of the hosts, an ineffective autocue and little preparation combined to create an unprofessional show that was poorly received. The 1990 awards ceremony saw the last public appearance of Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, Queen appeared at the ceremony to receive the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Mercury did not make a speech, as Brian May did the talking on behalf of the other members, in 1992, dance/art band The KLF were awarded Best British Group and were booked to open the show
25.
Grammy Award
–
A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
26.
Eragon (film)
–
Eragon is a 2006 British-American action-fantasy film directed by Stefen Fangmeier and written by Peter Buchman, based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Paolini. Principal photography took place at the Mafilm Fót Studios in Hungary, visual effects and animation were by Weta Digital and Industrial Light & Magic. Eragon was released worldwide between December 13 and December 15,2006 by 20th Century Fox and it was the 10th worst reviewed film of 2006 on Rotten Tomatoes, but the 31st highest-grossing film of 2006 in the US. The film was released for home entertainment on March 20,2007 and it is notable for being the last film to be released on VHS in the United States. Arya, elf princess of Ellesméra, runs for her life, a Shade called Durza, subordinate of king Galbatorix, pursues and corners Arya, who uses magic to send the stone away. Eragon, a boy living in the country of Alagaësia with his uncle, is hunting for food when he comes across the stone. Hoping to trade it for food, Eragon brings the stone home, as he touches the dragon, a magical mark is burned into his palm. A few people are reacting to this incident, including Arya, an old man named Brom. Eragon shelters and feeds the dragon, which learns to fly and magically grows to full size, when they are out, Durzas monstrous minions, the Razac, arrive at the village to look for the dragon, killing Eragons uncle in the process. Blaming Saphira for his uncles death, Eragon sends her away, Brom shows up, warns Eragon of Saphiras importance, and urges him to call her back. Brom leads the group to the Varden, rebel freedom fighters opposing Galbatorix, on the way, Brom fills Eragon in on the knowledge of dragon riders, Galbatorix, Durza and the Razac. In a small village, they meet where a fortune-teller named Angela, who tells Eragon of a woman awaiting his help, and that his dangerous path ahead. When Brom and Eragon are attacked by Galbatorixs servants, the Urgals, Eragon attempts to mimic Brom and wipes out the group with a magic attack. Brom teaches him to control his magic and bond his powers with Saphira, Durza sets a trap for Eragon, using Arya as bait. Hearing her telepathic calls, Eragon finds her, but is ambushed by Durza, Eragon is outmatched, and Brom arrives to help him, getting mortally wounded in the process. Eragon shoots an arrow into Durzas head, causing him to disappear, the trio escapes, and Brom dies of his wounds while flying on Saphira. Eragon confronts a hooded figure that has been following them and he reveals himself to be Murtagh and guides them to the Varden. Soon after, Durza and his men surround the rebel camp, Eragon, Saphira, Arya, and the Varden prepare for battle
27.
Anne of Cleves
–
Anne of Cleves was Queen of England from 6 January to 9 July 1540 as the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. The marriage was declared never consummated and, as a result, following the annulment of their marriage, Anne was given a generous settlement by the King, and thereafter referred to as the Kings Beloved Sister. She lived to see the coronation of Queen Mary I, outliving the rest of Henrys wives and she grew up living in Schloss Burg on the edge of Solingen. Annes father was influenced by Erasmus and followed a path within the Reformation. He sided with the Schmalkaldic League and opposed Emperor Charles V, after Johns death, Annes brother William became Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, bearing the promising epithet The Rich. In 1526, her elder sister Sibylle was married to John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, head of the Protestant Confederation of Germany, at the age of 11, Anne was betrothed to Francis, son and heir of the Duke of Lorraine while he was only 10. Thus the betrothal was considered unofficial and was cancelled in 1535 and her brother William was a Lutheran but the family was unaligned religiously, with her mother, the Duchess Maria, described as a strict Catholic. The Dukes ongoing dispute over Gelderland with Emperor Charles V made them suitable allies for Englands King Henry VIII in the wake of the Truce of Nice, the match with Anne was urged on the King by his chief minister, Thomas Cromwell. The artist Hans Holbein the Younger was dispatched to Duren to paint portraits of Anne and her sister, Amalia. Henry required the artist to be as accurate as possible, not to flatter the sisters, the two versions of Holbeins portrait are in the Musée du Louvre in Paris and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Another 1539 portrait, by the school of Barthel Bruyn the Elder, is in the collection of Trinity College, Cambridge, negotiations with Cleves were in full swing by March 1539. Cromwell oversaw the talks and a treaty was signed on 4 October of that year. Henry valued education and cultural sophistication in women, but Anne lacked these and she had received no formal education but was skilled in needlework and liked playing card games. She could read and write, but only in German, nevertheless, Anne was considered gentle, virtuous and docile, qualities that recommended her as a suitable candidate for Henry. Anne was described by the French ambassador, Charles de Marillac, as tall and slim, of middling beauty and of very assured and she was fair haired and was said to have had a lovely face. In the words of the chronicler Edward Hall, Her hair hanging down and she was apparelled after the English fashion, with a French hood, which so set forth her beauty and good visage, that every creature rejoiced to behold her. She appeared rather solemn by English standards, and looked old for her age, Holbein painted her with high forehead, heavy-lidded eyes and a pointed chin. Henry met her privately on New Years Day 1540 at Rochester Abbey in Rochester on her journey from Dover, Henry and some of his courtiers, following a courtly-love tradition, went disguised into the room where Anne was staying
28.
Showtime (TV network)
–
The Showtime brand is used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to the group of eight multiplex channels in the United States. As of July 2015, Showtimes programming is available to approximately 28.693 million television households in the United States, the channel and its corresponding networks are headquartered at Paramount Plaza on the northern end of New York Citys Broadway district. The following week on July 8, Showtime launched on Viacom Cablevisions system in Dublin, California, the first program and television special to be broadcast on Showtime was Celebration, a concert special featuring performances by Rod Stewart, Pink Floyd and ABBA. By the end of its first year on the air, Showtime had a total of 55,000 subscribers nationwide. On March 7,1978, Showtime became a nationally distributed service after it was uplinked to satellite, turning it into a competitor with HBO, in 1979, Viacom sold a 50% ownership interest in Showtime to the TelePrompTer Corporation. On July 4,1981, Showtime adopted a 24-hour programming schedule,1982 saw the premiere of Showtimes first made-for-cable movie Falcons Gold and its first original series and childrens program Faerie Tale Theatre. The three companies announced their agreement in principle to acquire interests in TMC on November 11,1982. Subsequently, in late December of that year, the U. S. Department of Justice launched a preliminary inquiry into the proposed partnership. On January 7,1983, Viacom International added itself as a partner, under the revised proposal, the four studios would each own a 22. 58% stake in the two networks, with American Express owning a 9. 68% minority interest. In addition, the consortium would appoint a management team separate from those employed by the two channels – which would continue to operate as separate services – to operate the joint venture, on August 10,1985, after Time Inc. and cable provider Tele-Communications Inc. The subsidiary was renamed Showtime Networks, Inc. in 1988, also in 1988, the company formed Showtime Event Television as a pay-per-view distributor of special event programming. In 1990, Showtime ventured into acquiring and premiering independent films exclusively for the channel as part of the 30-Minute Movie short film anthology series. One of its first premieres,12,01 PM, was nominated for an Academy Award, in the years that followed, Showtime expanded its acquisitions into the realm of feature-length fare, including the Adrian Lyne-directed 1997 remake of Lolita. In 2000, Showtime launched Showtime Interactive 24.7, a service that provided DVD-style interaction of its entertainment offerings. On June 14,2005, Viacom decided to separate itself into two companies, both of which would be controlled by Viacom parent National Amusements, amid stagnation of the stock price. A new company assumed the Viacom name kept Paramount Pictures, the MTV Networks and BET Networks cable divisions. Showtime broadcasts its primary and multiplex channels on both Eastern and Pacific Time Zone schedules and this planned extension to the multiplex did not come to fruition – although a third multiplex service, Showtime 3, would make its debut in 1996. Three additional themed channels made their debut in March 2001, Showtime Family Zone, Showtime Next, Showtime Family Zone, Showtime Next and Showtime Women do not have distribution by most pay television providers as extensive as the other Showtime multiplex channels
29.
The Tudors
–
The Tudors is a historical fiction television series set primarily in sixteenth-century England, created by Michael Hirst and produced for the American premium cable television channel Showtime. The series was a collaboration between American, British, and Canadian producers, and filmed mostly in Ireland, although named after the Tudor dynasty as a whole, it is based specifically upon the reign of King Henry VIII of England. The Tudors premiered on 1 April 2007, it was the highest-rated Showtime series in three years, the CBC began broadcasting the show on 2 October 2007. Season Two debuted on Showtime on 30 March 2008, and on BBC2 on 1 August 2008. Production on Season Three began on 16 June 2008 in Bray, County Wicklow Ireland, and that premiered on Showtime on 5 April 2009. The day after broadcast, downloadable episodes debuted in Canada on MoboVivo, Showtime announced 13 April 2009, that it had renewed the show for a fourth and final season. The network ordered 10 episodes that were first broadcast on 11 April 2010, the series finale was broadcast on 20 June 2010. The final season was shown in Canada on CBC starting 22 September 2010, international distribution rights are owned by Sony Pictures Television. Chronicles the period of Henry VIIIs reign in which his effectiveness as King is tested by international conflicts as well as political intrigue in his own court, Cardinal Wolsey plays a major part in the series, acting as Henrys trusted advisor. He also has a string of affairs and, in Episode 2, fathers a son with his mistress, Elizabeth Bessie Blount. Anne Boleyn contracts the illness but recovers, Cardinal Wolsey is stripped of his office, in Episode 9, and banished to York, where he pleads with the King to restore him to office. Sir Thomas More, Henrys devotedly loyal friend, is chosen as his successor, Henry will do whatever it takes to marry Anne Boleyn, even defying Pope Paul III. He prepares to take Anne on a visit to France. The papacy in Rome organises an assassination plot against Anne but the attempts fail. In Episode 5, Fisher and Mores refusal to sign an oath of allegiance recognising Henrys supreme authority as head of the English church eventually leads to their executions. In Episode 6, Thomas Cromwell, who has assumed Mores office as Chancellor of England, also, Englands relationship with France is complicated by King Franciss refusal to unite their kingdoms in marriage, thus causing Henry to question his decision to have married Anne. It is his friend, Charles Brandon who, with Cromwell, eventually alerts Henry to Annes apparent indiscretions. Henry happily marries his wife but his honeymoon period is soon spoilt by a growing resentment against the Reformation in the north
30.
The Soul Sessions Vol. 2
–
The Soul Sessions Vol.2 is the sixth studio album by English singer and songwriter Joss Stone, released on 20 July 2012 by S-Curve Records and her own label, Stoned Records. Upon its release, the album received mixed reviews from music critics. The Soul Sessions Vol.2 debuted at six on the UK Albums Chart, while charting within the top 10 in the United States. The Soul Sessions Vol.2 was recorded two live recording sessions in New York City and Nashville. The album is a joint release between Stones own independent label Stoned Records and S-Curve Records, the label released her first two studio albums, The Soul Sessions and Mind Body & Soul. Stone stated, I really had fun revisiting The Soul Sessions idea, ive committed long term to my label Stoned Records, but it felt right to team up with Steve Greenberg and S-Curve again for this release. I think there are great songs on the album and I loved performing them with such brilliant musicians. On 6 June 2012, Stone performed a concert at the London music venue Under the Bridge, during the concert Stone, performed several new tracks from the album as well as previous material. Stone also performed for Billboards Tastemakers series in June 2012, Stone performed and was interviewed on the British television programme This Morning. On 27 July 2012, she performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, the Soul Sessions Vol.2 received generally mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics. Mojo magazine said it sounds like a genre exercise, while Kyle Anderson of Entertainment Weekly found the covers passionately pointless when compared to the originals. Jody Rosen, writing in Rolling Stone, was more critical, for an audience that agrees with that thesis, this is fun. Hal Horowitz of American Songwriter called the album pretty terrific as it proves the UK singer is serious about her classic American R&B, john Aizlewood of BBC Music viewed The Soul Sessions Vol.2 as Stones most focused and rewarding album since Vol 1. The Soul Sessions Vol.2 debuted at six on the UK Albums Chart with 8,414 copies sold in its first week. In the United States, the album debuted at number 10 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 24,000 copies, in continental Europe, it reached the top five in the Netherlands and Switzerland, and the top 10 in Austria and Germany. Credits adapted from the notes of the deluxe edition of The Soul Sessions Vol.2. The Soul Sessions Vol.2 at Discogs
31.
Kent
–
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south west, the county also shares borders with Essex via the Dartford Crossing and the French department of Pas-de-Calais through the Channel Tunnel. France can be clearly in fine weather from Folkestone and the White Cliffs of Dover. Hills in the form of the North Downs and the Greensand Ridge span the length of the county, because of its relative abundance of fruit-growing and hop gardens, Kent is known as The Garden of England. The title was defended in 2006 when a survey of counties by the UKTV Style Gardens channel put Kent in fifth place, behind North Yorkshire, Devon. Haulage, logistics, and tourism are industries, major industries in north-west Kent include aggregate building materials, printing. Coal mining has played its part in Kents industrial heritage. Large parts of Kent are within the London commuter belt and its transport connections to the capital. Twenty-eight per cent of the county forms part of two Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the North Downs and The High Weald, the area has been occupied since the Palaeolithic era, as attested by finds from the quarries at Swanscombe. The Medway megaliths were built during the Neolithic era, There is a rich sequence of Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Roman era occupation, as indicated by finds and features such as the Ringlemere gold cup and the Roman villas of the Darent valley. The modern name of Kent is derived from the Brythonic word Cantus meaning rim or border and this describes the eastern part of the current county area as a border land or coastal district. Julius Caesar had described the area as Cantium, or home of the Cantiaci in 51 BC, the extreme west of the modern county was by the time of Roman Britain occupied by Iron Age tribes, known as the Regnenses. East Kent became a kingdom of the Jutes during the 5th century and was known as Cantia from about 730, the early medieval inhabitants of the county were known as the Cantwara, or Kent people. These people regarded the city of Canterbury as their capital, in 597, Pope Gregory I appointed the religious missionary as the first Archbishop of Canterbury. In the previous year, Augustine successfully converted the pagan King Æthelberht of Kent to Christianity, the Diocese of Canterbury became Britains first Episcopal See with first cathedral and has since remained Englands centre of Christianity. The second designated English cathedral was in Kent at Rochester Cathedral, in the 11th century, the people of Kent adopted the motto Invicta, meaning undefeated. This naming followed the invasion of Britain by William of Normandy, the Kent peoples continued resistance against the Normans led to Kents designation as a semi-autonomous county palatine in 1067. Under the nominal rule of Williams half-brother Odo of Bayeux, the county was granted powers to those granted in the areas bordering Wales
32.
Ashill, Devon
–
Ashill is a village located in the parish of Uffculme, in the English county of Devon. It has a church, a community village hall and small public house. In the early 20th Century it had one or two shops, plus beer and cider houses, later came a small garage with petrol pump, and a post office. Nevertheless, a few farms remain active into the early 21st century. St. Stephens Church is part of the parish of St. Marys, ashill Inn was built in 1835. One of the visible features is a 3-storey Victorian red-brick dwelling at the lower end of the village. As the story goes, he was unsuccessful in this, ashill lies approximately two miles from Uffculme and Kentisbeare. It was soul/R&B singer Joss Stones teenage home
33.
Cullompton
–
Cullompton is a town and civil parish in the district of Mid Devon and the county of Devon, England, locally known as Cully. It is 13 miles miles north-east of Exeter and lies on the River Culm, Columtune was mentioned in Alfred the Greats will which left it to his youngest son Aethelweard. In the past the economy had a large component of wool and cloth manufacture, then later leather working. A large proportion of inhabitants are commuters but there is some local manufacturing, including flour. It has a farmers market held on the second Saturday of every month which is the oldest event of its kind in the South West. It is home to two grade I listed buildings, the fifteenth-century St Andrews parish church and the house known as The Walronds. The centre of the town is the conservation area in Mid Devon and there are seven grade II* listed buildings. The derivation of the name Cullompton is disputed, one derivation is that the towns name means Farmstead on the River Culm with Culm probably meaning knot or tie. The other theory is that it is named after Saint Columba of Tir-de-Glas, the Revd Grubb also states that the parish church was probably formerly dedicated to St Columba and that tradition records there was an ancient figure or image of Columba. The railway station sign was changed to Cullompton in 1874 and the Ordnance Survey used Cullompton in the edition of their map published in 1889 and it is affectionately known as Cully. On St Andrews Hill, to the north-west of Cullompton town centre, the earlier, smaller fort was later replaced by a second, larger fort. The ramparts of this fort are preserved on two sides as modern field boundaries with substantial earthen banks with hedges on top. The banks on the two sides were removed shortly before the site was recognised as Roman. The site was made a monument in 1986. The aerial photography also revealed two subsidiary military enclosures or annexes to each fort, in 1992 a geophysical survey was made of the fort and areas to the east and west and this was followed by a trial excavation to the west of the site. These confirmed the existence of two forts, and the ditch of the fort was excavated. Pottery from the site was dated from around 50–70 AD, which is consistent with a date of before 75 AD based on finds from fieldwalking. A Roman settlement near Shortlands Lane was excavated in 2009, a large quantity of Roman pottery, burial remains and fragments of hypocaust tile from the second and third century was found
34.
Nut (fruit)
–
A nut is a fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible. In a general context, however, a variety of dried seeds are called nuts. The translation of nut in certain languages frequently requires paraphrases, as the word is ambiguous. Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, unlike nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary. The general and original usage of the term is less restrictive, and many nuts, such as almonds, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, common usage of the term often refers to any hard-walled, edible kernel as a nut. A nut in botany is a dry fruit with one seed in which the ovary wall becomes increasingly hard as it matures. Most nuts come from the pistils with inferior ovaries and all are indehiscent, true nuts are produced, for example, by some plant families of the order Fagales. Order Fagales Family Fagaceae Beech Chestnut Oak Stone-oak Tanoak Family Betulaceae Hazel, in botany, this term specifically refers to a pyrena or pyrene, which is a seed covered by a stony layer, such as the kernel of a drupe. Walnuts and hickories have fruits that are difficult to classify and they are considered to be nuts under some definitions, but are also referred to as drupaceous nuts. Tryma is a term for hickory fruits. In common use, a nut is, as the name implies. This most often comes up regarding allergies, where people are allergic specifically to peanuts. A nut in cuisine is a less restrictive category than a nut in botany. Any large, oily kernels found within a shell and used in food are called nuts. Nuts are an important source of nutrients for humans and wildlife. Because nuts generally have an oil content, they are a highly prized food. A large number of seeds are edible by humans and used in cooking, eaten raw, sprouted, or roasted as a food, or pressed for oil that is used in cookery. Nuts are also a significant source of nutrition for wildlife, Nuts used for food, whether true nut or not, are among the most common food allergens
35.
Uffculme
–
Uffculme is a village and civil parish located in the Mid Devon district, of Devon, England. Situated in the Blackdown Hills on the B3440, close to the M5 motorway, near Cullompton, the 2001 census recorded the population of the parish as 2,631. It is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Culmstock, Hemyock, Sheldon, Kentisbeare, Cullompton, Willand, Halberton, historically, Uffculme was a parish in Bampton Hundred, under the Peculiar jurisdiction of the Prebendary of Uffculme, Salisbury Cathedral. The earliest census put the population of Uffculme parish at 1837, Coldharbour Mill, the last woollen mill to operate in the village was built in 1799 by Thomas Fox. In 1983, Coldharbour Mill was opened as a working museum, on 17 November 1998 a major explosion occurred at a fireworks factory in the village. Windows of homes near to the plant were broken by the blast, £300,000 of damage to the roof of St Marys Church was caused but there were no serious injuries. The firework company later pleaded guilty to six charges under the Health, the firm resumed trading a week after the blast and continued until December 2003 when it went into liquidation. The Culm Valley Light Railway, which opened in 1876, had two stations in the village, Coldharbour Halt and Uffculme railway station, the railway, operating between Tiverton Junction railway station and Hemyock closed to passenger traffic in 1963, and completely in 1975. A path on the route to Coldharbour Mill takes in the old railway bridge, a grammar school known as Uffculme Free-School was founded in 1701 by Nicholas Ayshford, of nearby Ayshford Court, Burlescombe, who endowed it with £47 per annum. Uffculme now has two schools - Uffculme Primary School, and a secondary - Uffculme School which specialises in mathematics, Uffculme School is one of the few secondary schools in the country to be rated outstanding by OFSTED and has now become an academy. The large Elizabethan manor house of Bradfield, with Victorian extension, the other utilities include a public house, a male-only working mens club, three churches, some shops and a take away which sells various foods. There is also a surgery, library, Co-op and post office / general stores. Coldharbour Mill remains a popular tourist attraction, with its working wool museum exhibits, as do the old railway. The singer Joss Stone lived near Ashill, a hamlet in the parish of Uffculme, snooker player Sam Baird comes from the village. Uffculme School Uffculme Primary School The Ostler Inn Uffculme Sheep Show Coldharbour Mill BBC News Article on Fireworks Factory Explosion St. Marys Church, Uffculme Uffculme United Reformed Church
36.
Jackie Wilson
–
Jack Leroy Jackie Wilson Jr. was an American soul singer-songwriter and performer. A tenor with a four octave range, he was nicknamed Mr. Excitement. He was considered a master showman, and one of the most dynamic and influential singers and performers in R&B and this included 16 R&B Top 10 hits, including six R&B number ones. On the Billboard Hot 100, he scored 14 Top 20 Pop hits and he remained semi-comatose for the nine years until his death in 1984, at the age of 49. Wilson was an inspiration to Elvis Presley, Bruce Springsteen, James Brown and he was one of the most influential artists of his generation. A two-time Grammy Hall of Fame Inductee, Wilson was inducted to the Rock, in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Jackie Wilson #69 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Jack Leroy Wilson Jr. was born on June 9,1934, in Detroit, Michigan, Eliza Mae was born on the Billups-Whitfield Place in Columbus, Mississippi. Her parents were Tom and Virginia Ransom, Jackie often visited his family in Columbus and was greatly influenced by the choir at Billups Chapel. Growing up in the rough Detroit area of Highland Park, Wilson joined a gang called the Shakers, Wilsons alcoholic father was frequently absent and usually out of work. Wilson began singing at an age, accompanying his mother, once a choir singer. In his early teens Jackie joined a quartet, the Ever Ready Gospel Singers, Jackie was not very religious, but he enjoyed singing, the money he and his group earned from performing usually was spent on cheap wine, which Wilson began drinking at age nine. Jack Sr. and Eliza separated shortly after Jackie turned nine, Wilson dropped out of high school at the age of 15, having already been sentenced to detention in the Lansing Corrections system for juveniles twice. During his second stint in detention, he learned to box and his record in the Golden Gloves was 2 and 8. After his mother forced him to boxing, Wilson married Freda Hood. It is estimated that Wilson fathered at least 10 other children prior to getting married, and that he was forced to marry Hood by her father. He gave up boxing for music, first working at Lees Sensation club as a singer, then forming a group called the Falcons, that included cousin Levi Stubbs. The other members joined Hank Ballard as part of the Midnighters, including Alonzo Tucker & Billy Davis, who would work with Wilson several years later as a solo artist. Tucker and Wilson collaborated as songwriters on a few songs Wilson recorded, Jackie was soon discovered by talent agent Johnny Otis, who assigned him to join a group called the Thrillers
37.
Reet Petite
–
Reet Petite is a song made popular by Jackie Wilson. It was his first solo hit after leaving the Dominoes and, the song was written by Berry Gordy, Gwen Gordy Fuqua and Wilsons cousin Roquel Billy Davis and produced by Dick Jacobs, and its title was taken from the Louis Jordan song Reet, Petite and Gone. It was Jackie Wilsons first recording as a solo artist, the song peaked at #62 on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1957 and reached #6 on the UK Singles Chart. With the success of the song, Gordy was able to fund the launch of Motown Records, the song was reissued in 1986 following the showing of a clay animation video on the BBC Two documentary series Arena. The video was directed by Giblets, a London-based animation studio, the reissued version proved so popular that in December 1986, almost three years after Wilsons death, the song became a No.1 in the UK for four weeks, some 29 years after its chart debut. This was the record for the longest time between a songs debut on the chart and it reaching number one, until it was overtaken by Tony Christies Amarillo in 2005. The clay animation video used was ever meant for a showreel. The song was covered in 1963 by Dee Dee Sharp, the song was covered in September 1964 by Dinah Lee and reached the #1 position in New Zealand and a #6 position in Melbourne
38.
Dusty Springfield
–
Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette OBrien, OBE, better known as Dusty Springfield, was an English pop singer and record producer whose career extended from the late 1950s to the 1990s. She is a member of the US Rock and Roll and UK Music Halls of Fame, international polls have named Springfield among the best female rock artists of all time. Her image, supported by a peroxide blonde bouffant hairstyle, evening gowns, born in West Hampstead to a family that enjoyed music, Springfield learned to sing at home. In 1958 she joined her first professional group, The Lana Sisters and her solo career began in 1963 with the upbeat pop hit, I Only Want to Be with You. Among the hits that followed were Wishin and Hopin , I Just Dont Know What to Do with Myself, You Dont Have to Say You Love Me, and Son of a Preacher Man. Although she was never considered a Northern Soul artist in her own right and she was the first UK singer to top the New Musical Express readers poll for Female Singer. To boost her credibility as a soul artist, Springfield went to Memphis, Tennessee, to record Dusty in Memphis, an album of pop and soul music with the Atlantic Records main production team. Released in 1969, it has ranked among the greatest albums of all time by the US magazine Rolling Stone and in polls by VH1 artists, New Musical Express readers. The album was awarded a spot in the Grammy Hall of Fame. Despite its current recognition, the album did not sell well and after its release, however, in collaboration with Pet Shop Boys, she returned to the Top 10 of the UK and US charts in 1987 with What Have I Done to Deserve This. Two years later, she had two other UK hits on her own with Nothing Has Been Proved and In Private, subsequently, in the mid-1990s, owing to the inclusion of Son of a Preacher Man on the Pulp Fiction soundtrack, interest in her early output was revived. Springfield was born Mary Isobel Catherine Bernadette OBrien on 16 April 1939 in West Hampstead and her older brother, Dionysius P. A. OBrien, was later known as Tom Springfield. Springfields father, who had raised in British India, worked as a tax accountant and consultant. Her mother came from an Irish family, originally from Tralee, County Kerry, Springfield was brought up in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire until the early 1950s, and later lived in Ealing. She attended St Annes Convent School, Northfields, a traditional all-girl school, Springfield and her brother were both prone to food-throwing as adults. She was given the nickname Dusty for playing football with boys in the street, Springfield was raised in a music-loving family. Her father would tap out rhythms on the back of her hand and she listened to a wide range of music, including George Gershwin, Rodgers and Hart, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Cole Porter, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, and Glenn Miller. A fan of American jazz and the vocalists Peggy Lee and Jo Stafford, at the age of twelve, she made a recording of herself performing the Irving Berlin song When the Midnight Choo Choo Leaves for Alabam at a local record shop in Ealing
39.
Aretha Franklin
–
Aretha Louise Franklin is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklins church as a child, in 1960, at the age of 18, Franklin embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with such as Respect, A Natural Woman. These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade, in 1998, Franklin won international acclaim for singing the opera aria Nessun dorma, at the Grammys of that year replacing Luciano Pavarotti. Later that same year, she scored her final Top 40 recording with A Rose Is Still a Rose, Franklin has won a total of 18 Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold over 75 million records worldwide. Franklin has been honored throughout her career including a 1987 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and she was inducted to the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In August 2012, Franklin was inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame, Aretha Louise Franklin was born in Memphis, Tennessee, the daughter of Barbara and Clarence LaVaughn Franklin. Her father, who went by the nickname, C. L. was an itinerant preacher originally from Shelby, Mississippi, while her mother was a piano player. Alongside Franklin, her parents had three children while both C. L. and Barbara had children from outside their marriage. The family relocated to Buffalo, New York when Franklin was two, before her fifth birthday, C. L. Franklin permanently relocated the family to Detroit, Michigan where he took over the pastorship of New Bethel Baptist Church. Franklins mother died on March 7,1952, before Franklins tenth birthday, several women, including Franklins grandmother Rachel, and Mahalia Jackson took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home. During this time, Franklin learned how to play piano by ear, Franklins fathers emotionally driven sermons resulted in him being known as the man with the million-dollar voice and earning thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country. Just after her mothers death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn, Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me. Four years later, when Franklin was 14, her father began managing her and he helped his daughter get signed to her first recording deal with J. V. B. Records, where her first album, Songs of Faith, was issued in 1956, two singles were released to gospel radio stations including Never Grow Old and Precious Lord, Take My Hand. Franklin sometimes traveled with The Caravans and The Soul Stirrers during this time and developed a crush on Sam Cooke, after turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke to record pop music. Serving as her manager, C. L. agreed to the move and helped to produce a demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records. Franklin was signed as a five-percent artist, during this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer Cholly Atkins to prepare for her pop performances
.jpg)
