Juba, sometimes spelled Joba, is the pseudonym of an anonymous sniper with the Sunni insurgent group Islamic Army in Iraq involved in the Iraqi insurgency, featured in several videos released between 2005 and 2007. Juba became famous after videos showing footage of his shootings appeared online. The second of these videos shows Juba marking a tally of 37 "kills". Juba became a folk hero among many Iraqis due to his role in fighting against the American military in Iraq.

American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed and co-produced by Clint Eastwood and written and executive-produced by Jason Hall, loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice. The film follows the life of Kyle, who became the deadliest marksman in U.S. military history with 255 kills from four tours in the Iraq War, 160 of which were officially confirmed by the Department of Defense. While Kyle was celebrated for his military successes, his tours of duty took a heavy toll on his personal and family life. It stars Bradley Cooper as Kyle and Sienna Miller as his wife Taya, with Luke Grimes, Jake McDorman, Cory Hardrict, Kevin Lacz, Navid Negahban, and Keir O'Donnell in supporting roles.