Judith Pamela Butler is an American philosopher and gender studies scholar whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics, and the fields of third-wave feminism, queer theory, and literary theory.
Butler in March 2012
São Paulo, Brazil. An Inside Higher Ed article notes that before a democracy conference in Brazil "Butler was burned in effigy as police kept groups of protesters – for and against Butler – apart. A pink bra was attached to the figure that was burned". Some protesters "held crosses and Brazilian flags in the air."
Paris, France, 8 March 2018. Demonstrators hold up portraits, including one of Judith Butler. Jeanne Menjoulet, Flickr.
Achille Mbembe, Wendy Brown, Judith Butler, and David Theo-Goldberg in 2016
Third-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began in the early 1990s, prominent in the decades prior to the fourth wave. Grounded in the civil-rights advances of the second wave, Gen X third-wave feminists born in the 1960s and 1970s embraced diversity and individualism in women, and sought to redefine what it meant to be a feminist. The third wave saw the emergence of new feminist currents and theories, such as intersectionality, sex positivity, vegetarian ecofeminism, transfeminism, and postmodern feminism. According to feminist scholar Elizabeth Evans, the "confusion surrounding what constitutes third-wave feminism is in some respects its defining feature."
Rebecca Walker in 2003. The term third wave is credited to Walker's 1992 article, "Becoming the Third Wave."
Anita Hill, 2014
Kathleen Hanna, lead singer of Bikini Kill, 1991
Jennifer Baumgardner, co-author of Manifesta (2000), in 2008
