1.
2020 Summer Olympics
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The games are planned to be held from 24 July to 9 August 2020 in Tokyo. The city was announced as the host at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires on 7 September 2013, Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid were the three candidate cities. The applicant cities of Baku and Doha were not promoted to candidate status, a bid from Rome was withdrawn. The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, an exhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, a run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, the Tokyo metropolitan government set aside a fund of 400 billion Japanese yen to cover the cost of hosting the Games. The Japanese government is considering increasing slot capacity at both Haneda Airport and Narita International Airport by easing airspace restrictions, but East Japan Railway Company is planning a new route near Tamachi to Haneda Airport. Funding is also planned to accelerate completion of the Central Circular Route, Tokyo Gaikan Expressway and Ken-Ō Expressway, the Organizing Committee is headed by former Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori. Olympic and Paralympic Minister Tamayo Marukawa is overseeing the preparations on behalf of the Japanese government, as a result, a design competition for the new stadium was launched. In November 2012, the Japan Sport Council announced that out of 46 finalists, plans included dismantling the original stadium, and expanding the capacity from 50,000 to a modern Olympic capacity of about 80,000. However, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced in July 2015 that plans to build the new National Stadium would be scrapped,11 new venues are to be constructed. Seven venues will be located within the business area of Tokyo. Several of these venues were used for the 1964 Summer Olympics. 30,000 yen will be the price for the final of popular games, such as athletics. The average price of all the Olympic tickets is 7,700 yen, 60% of the tickets will be sold for 4,400 yen or less. Tickets will be sold through 40,000 shops in Japan, the 2020 Summer Olympic program is scheduled to feature 33 sports and a total of 47 disciplines and 324 events. Following the 2012 Games, the IOC assessed the 26 sports held in London, with the remit of selecting 25 core sports to join new entrants golf, in effect, this would involve the dropping of one sport from the 2016 Games program. This would leave a vacancy in the 2020 Games program, which the IOC would seek to fill from a shortlist containing seven unrepresented sports
2.
2016 Summer Olympics
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More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees, including first time entrants Kosovo, South Sudan, and the Refugee Olympic Team, took part. With 306 sets of medals, the games featured 28 Olympic sports, including rugby sevens and golf and these sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city, and at five in São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasília, and Manaus. These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee presidency of Thomas Bach, the host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 2 October 2009. Rio became the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics, the United States topped the medal table for the fifth time in the past six Summer Olympics, winning the most golds and most medals overall, as well as its 1, 000th Olympic gold medal overall. Great Britain finished second and became the first country in the history of the modern Olympics to increase its tally of medals in the subsequent games after being the host nation. Host country Brazil won seven medals, its most at any single Summer Olympics. Bahrain, Fiji, Jordan, Kosovo, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Tajikistan, Ivory Coast and Vietnam each won their first gold medals, the bidding process for the 2016 Olympic Games was officially launched on 16 May 2007. The first step for each city was to submit an application to the International Olympic Committee by 13 September 2007. Completed official bid files, containing answers to a 25-question IOC form, were to be submitted by each 14 January 2008. Four candidate cities were chosen for the shortlist on 4 June 2008, Chicago, Madrid, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo, prague and Baku also failed to make the cut. Nawal El Moutawakel of Morocco headed the 10-member Evaluation Commission, having chaired the evaluation commission for the 2012 Summer Olympics bids. The commission made on-site inspections in the quarter of 2009. They issued a comprehensive technical appraisal for IOC members on 2 September, many restrictions are in place designed to prevent bidding cities from communicating with or influencing directly the 115 voting members. Cities may not invite any IOC member to visit nor may they send anything that could be construed as a gift, the final voting was held on 2 October 2009, in Copenhagen with Madrid and Rio de Janeiro perceived as favourites to land the games. Chicago and Tokyo were eliminated after the first and second rounds of voting, respectively, the lead held and Rio de Janeiro was announced as host of 2016 Summer Olympics. This comes just five months after CCO Flávio Pestana quit for personal reasons, Pestana withdrew later during the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Renato Ciuchin was then appointed as COO, events took place at eighteen existing venues, nine new venues constructed specifically for the Games, and seven temporary venues. Each event was held in one of four geographically segregated Olympic clusters, Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, the same was done for the 2007 Pan American Games
3.
Judo
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Judo was created as a physical, mental and moral pedagogy in Japan, in 1882, by Jigoro Kano. It is generally categorized as a martial art which later evolved into a combat. Strikes and thrusts by hands and feet as well as defenses are a part of judo. A judo practitioner is called a judoka, the philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became the model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from koryū. The early history of judo is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Kanō Jigorō, Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the son of the head priest of the Shinto Hiyoshi shrine in Shiga Prefecture. He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and was adopted by the family and he ultimately became an official in the Shogunal government. Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, shodō, when he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in Shiba, Tokyo. The culture of bullying endemic at this school was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a Jūjutsu dōjō at which to train, early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. With the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kanōs father and a soldier, agreed to show him kata. The caretaker of Jirosakus second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, Another frequent visitor, Imai Genshiro of Kyūshin-ryū school of jujutsu, also refused. Several years passed before he found a willing teacher. In 1877, as a student at the Tokyo-Kaisei school, Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in. After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke, a teacher of the Tenjin Shinyō-ryū of jujutsu, Fukuda is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kanos emphasis on randori in judo. On Fukudas death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata, was given the densho of the Fukuda dojo, Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shinyō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo. Iso placed more emphasis on the practice of kata, and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dojo of Iikubo Tsunetoshi of Kitō-ryū. Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori, with Kitō-ryū having a focus on nage-waza
4.
Rio de Janeiro
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Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazils third-most populous state. Part of the city has designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 and this is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, the home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the city is divided into 33 administrative regions. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502, by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabrals fleet, allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo, in 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony, Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc, on 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdoms capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, as there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, from the colonial period until the first independent decades, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was an influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro, in 1819. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people, the Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire and it was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic, until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighbourhood now known as the historic city centre, on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rios streetcar transit system after 1905, though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960
5.
Barra da Tijuca
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Barra da Tijuca is a neighborhood or bairro in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, located in the western portion of the city on the Atlantic Ocean. Barra is well known for its beaches, its lakes and rivers. Although representing only 4. 7% of the city population and 13% of the area of Rio de Janeiro. Barra da Tijuca is classified as one of the most developed places in Brazil, with one of the highest HDI in the country, as measured in the 2000 Brazil Census. Differently from the South Zone and Rios Downtown, Barra da Tijuca, built only 30 years ago, follows the Modernist standards, a mix of modernity, sustainability and nature create the newest side of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The areas masterplan was designed by Lúcio Costa, known for his work on Brasília, in recent years, because of the development of the Brazilian economy, Barra has received more than 100,000 new residents and many companies headquarters looking for a more modern address. Those born in Barra da Tijuca, or those who live there, are called Barristas, Barrenses or, pejoratively, Barra da Tijuca neighborhood is well known for being the home of celebrities and soccer stars. In August 2016, Barra hosted most of the venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics, demographic data indicates that the region is the fastest growing county in Rio,98,851 in 1991,174,353 in 2000, and 300,823 in 2010. The name Barra da Tijuca can be translated as Swamp Sandbank. Barra means port entrance or sandbank, and Tijuca is an originally from the Tupi ty-yúc and means putrid water, mud, swamp, puddle. The region of Barra da Tijuca was originally a huge beach, the area, full of swamps and unsuitable for planting, remained unoccupied until the middle of the twentieth century, even though occasional groups of fishermen frequented the region. In the year 1667, the region was given to religious Benedictines, who settled only in the neighborhoods of Camorim, Vargem Pequena, and Vargem Grande. In 1900, the lands of Barra da Tijuca and Baixada Jacarepaguá were sold to the company Remedial Territorial Agricultural and SA, ESTA, the concentration of large tracts of land in the hands of a few was one of the causes of its late growth. Additionally it is separated from the rest of the municipality by large, development of the area took place initially on its two ends, in current Jardim Oceânico and in Recreio dos Bandeirantes. A bridge was built by private initiative over the Tijuca Lagoon to serve the areas new inhabitants. The plan for Barra in 1969 was similar to the one for Brasília. It was inspired by American urban planning style with wide boulevards and large open spaces, in the 1970s the Lagoa–Barra Highway was built, which allowed a greater development since it reduced the time to go to the South Zone of the city of Rio. At that same time, big planned condominiums which inspired the new way of life, how it is called, were developed in Barra, such as the condominiums Nova Ipanema
6.
Argentina at the 2016 Summer Olympics
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Argentina competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. The Argentinian Olympic Committee sent the nations largest ever delegation to the Games in Olympic history, a total of 213 athletes,139 men and 74 women, competed in 25 sports. On 6 August, judoka Paula Pareto claimed the gold in the womens 48 kg, the following Argentine competitors won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists names are bolded, team roster The following is the Argentina roster in the mens basketball tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. Group play Quarterfinal Argentina has entered five boxers to compete in each of the weight classes into the Olympic boxing tournament. Fernando Martínez, Ignacio Perrin, Alberto Palmetta, and 2012 Olympians Alberto Melián, leandro Blanc rounded out the Argentine roster with his box-off victory at the 2016 APB and WSB Olympic Qualifier in Vargas, Venezuela. Argentina has qualified one boat in the mens slalom C-1 for the Games, the slot was awarded to London 2012 Olympian Sebastián Rossi, who finished fourth at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto. Argentine canoeists have qualified one boat in each of the events through the 2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships. Argentina has qualified one mountain biker for the mens Olympic cross-country race, Argentina has entered a squad of four riders in the team jumping competition by virtue a top two national finish at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada. # indicates that the score of this rider does not count in the team competition, Argentina has entered one fencer into the Olympic competition. Summary Key, FT – After full time, P – Match decided by penalty-shootout. Argentinas mens field hockey team qualified for the Olympics by having achieved a top three finish at the 2014–15 Mens FIH Hockey World League Semifinals, team roster The following is the Argentina roster in the mens field hockey tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. Team roster The following is the Argentina roster in the field hockey tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. Team roster The following is the Argentina squad in the football tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team of 18 players was named on 6 July. On 26 July, Manuel Lanzini left the squad due to injury and was replaced by Cristian Pavón, ‹See Tfd› Head coach, Julio Olarticoechea * Over-aged player. Group play Argentina has entered two golfers into the Olympic tournament, emiliano Grillo and Fabián Gómez qualified directly among the top 60 eligible players for the mens event based on the IGF World Rankings as of 11 July 2016. Argentina has entered two artistic gymnasts into the Olympic competition, ailen Valente claimed her Olympic spot in the womens apparatus and all-around events at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro
7.
Austria at the 2016 Summer Olympics
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Austria competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Austrian athletes have appeared in edition of the Summer Olympic Games. The Austrian Olympic Committee, confirmed a squad of 71 athletes,37 men and 34 women, the nations full roster was slightly larger by a single athlete than those who participated in the previous two editions. One Austrian archer qualified for the individual recurve by obtaining one of the eight Olympic places available from the 2015 World Archery Championships in Copenhagen. Austrian canoeists have qualified a maximum of one boat in each of the classes through the 2015 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. London 2012 sixth-place finalist Corinna Kuhnle and rookie Mario Leitner were named to the Austrian roster on June 20,2016, two-time Olympic kayakers Yvonne Schuring and Viktoria Schwarz, along with rookie Ana Roxana Lehaci, were named to the Austrian roster on July 27,2016. One additional spot was awarded to the Austrian cyclist in the road race by virtue of her top 100 individual placement in the 2016 UCI World Rankings. The entire road cycling squad was named to the Austrian roster for the Games on July 12,2016. Austria has qualified one mountain biker for the mens Olympic cross-country race, London 2012 Olympian Alexander Gehbauer was named to the Austrian roster for the Games on July 10,2016. Austria has received an invitation from FINA to send a diver competing in the mens individual springboard to the Olympics, Austria has entered one dressage rider into the Olympic equestrian competition by virtue of a top two finish from South Western Europe in the individual FEI Olympic rankings. Austria has entered one fencer into the Olympic competition, rené Pranz had claimed his Olympic spot as the sole winner of the mens foil at the European Zonal Qualifier in Prague, Czech Republic. Austria has entered two golfers into the Olympic tournament, bernd Wiesberger and Christine Wolf qualified directly among the top 60 eligible players for their respective individual events based on the IGF World Rankings as of 11 July 2016. Austria has entered one artistic gymnast into the Olympic competition, Lisa Ecker had claimed her Olympic spot in the womens apparatus and all-around events at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro. Women Austria has qualified one rhythmic gymnast in the individual all-around for the Games by claiming one of eight available Olympic spots at the Olympic Test Event in Rio de Janeiro, Austria has qualified a total of five judokas for each of the following weight classes at the Games. Austria has qualified two boats for each of the classes into the Olympic regatta, signifying the nations Olympic return to the sport for the first time since 2004. Rowers competing in the lightweight double sculls and womens single sculls had confirmed Olympic places for their boats at the 2015 FISA World Championships in Lac dAiguebelette. The entire shooting squad was named to the Austrian roster for the Games on July 1,2016. Men Women Austria has fielded a squad of two synchronized swimmers to compete only in the duet by virtue of their sixth-place finish at the FINA Olympic test event in Rio de Janeiro
8.
Azerbaijan at the 2016 Summer Olympics
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Azerbaijan competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the sixth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics in the post-Soviet era. The National Olympic Committee of the Azerbaijani Republic fielded a team of 56 athletes,42 men and 14 women, across 18 sports at the Games, four of which marked their Olympic debut. It was the nations largest ever sent to the Olympics in its independent history. More than 60 percent of the roster were born outside of Azerbaijan, several of them hailed from Eastern Europe, particularly from Russia. The Azerbaijani roster featured 36 rookies and 20 returning Olympians, Azerbaijan left Rio de Janeiro with a total of 18 medals, signifying the nations most successful Olympic outcome in its independent history. Nine of these medals were distributed to the Azerbaijani team in wrestling, five further boxers had claimed their Olympic spots at the 2016 European Qualification Tournament in Samsun, Turkey. Men Women Azerbaijani canoeists have qualified a maximum of one boat in each of the classes through the 2015 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. Azerbaijani canoeists has qualified one boat in each of the events through the 2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships. One additional spot was awarded to the Azerbaijani cyclist in the road race by virtue of her top 100 individual placement in the 2016 UCI World Rankings. Sprint Keirin Azerbaijan has entered one fencer into the Olympic competition,2012 Olympian Sabina Mikina had claimed the sole Olympic spot as the winner of the womens sabre at the European Zonal Qualifier in Prague, Czech Republic. Azerbaijan has entered one artistic gymnast into the Olympic competition, men Azerbaijan has qualified one rhythmic gymnast for the individual all-around by finishing in the top 15 at the 2015 World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany. Azerbaijan has qualified a total of six judokas for each of the weight classes at the Games by virtue of their top 22 national finish for men in the IJF World Ranking List of May 30,2016. Men Azerbaijan has qualified one boat in the double sculls for the Olympics at the 2015 FISA World Championships. Qualification Legend, Q = Qualify for the round, q = Qualify for the bronze medal Azerbaijan has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send two swimmers to the Olympics. Azerbaijan entered a squad of four athletes into the taekwondo competition at the Olympics. Radik Isayev qualified automatically for the heavyweight category by finishing in the top 6 WTF Olympic rankings. Azerbaijan has entered one triathlete to compete at the Games, signifying the nations Olympic debut in the sport, russian-born Rostyslav Pevtsov was ranked among the top 40 eligible triathletes in the mens event based on the ITU Olympic Qualification List as of May 15,2016
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