1.
Queensbridge Houses
–
Queensbridge Houses is the largest public housing development in North America. It is located in Long Island City in Queens and opened in 1939, the Queensbridge Housing Projects, the largest of Queenss twenty-six developments, is located between Vernon Boulevard, which runs along the East River, and 21st Street. It is immediately south of the Ravenswood power plant, and just north of the Queensboro Bridge, the complex is the largest housing project in North America. The development is separated into two complexes, the North Houses on 40th Avenue and the South Houses on 41st Avenue, the namesake station of the New York City Subways IND 63rd Street Line is on the eastern side of the complex on 21st Street. The 96-unit six-story buildings are due to their shape of two Ys connecting at the base. This shape was used as the architects hoped it would give more access to sunlight than the traditional cross-shape. The design was said to be cost-efficient, and they reduced the cost even further by using elevators that stopped at the 1st, 3rd. Political pressure to keep costs down was a key reason for the use of cheap designs, ballard, Henry S. Churchill, Frederick G. Frost, and Burnett Turner designed Queensbridge Houses. In many aspects the buildings of Queensbridge are very similar to most government-built housing projects of the era and they are a worn grayish brown which now suffers noticeable deterioration and weathering. Each building is painted red to about four feet up from the ground, giving a feel to the entire complex because a uniform red layer is always close. On each of the corners in Queensbridge, the New York City Housing Authority has posted signs indicating the name and management. These signs come in several varieties depending on their age, the oldest signs, erected in the early nineties, are simply orange and blue, with the newer signs featuring graphics, like those of many other projects. Access to buildings in the complex is by key or via a new intercom system, the halls of Queensbridge’s buildings are comparable to most municipal buildings, and are dilapidated and lined with worn light blue tiles. Apartments are painted white and are small, even by New York City standards. Within the last few years, the elevators have been rebuilt and now stop at floors 1,2,3,4, three thousand bathrooms were renovated with new tubs, toilets, vanities, floor tile and lighting in 2000. This followed a renovation in 1986 when 1000 of the bathrooms were renovated by Arc Plumbing, the original plans nonetheless included some basic amenities, like a central shopping center, a nursery and six inner courtyards for play. Some of the activities included tap dancing, ballet, art, playing the recorder and singing, pool, knock hockey and table tennis, as well as Girl Scout. The buildings in the complex are divided by a series of paths, also in the complex are several basketball courts and play areas lined with benches
2.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
3.
Hip hop music
–
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
4.
Cold Chillin' Records
–
Cold Chillin Records was a record label that released some music in the golden age of hip hop from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. In 1998, the shut down and the majority of its expansive catalog was bought by Massachusetts-based LandSpeed Records. Initially, Cold Chillin’ was a subsidiary of Prism Records, but label head Tyrone Williams and Fichtelberg decided to merge their companies, in 1988, it signed a 5-year distribution deal with Warner Bros. Records, which remained intact for its full duration, however, since Kool G. Rap & D. J. Polos third album, Live And Let Die, was rejected by Warner Bros. U. after it closed down in 1998, rights of the Cold Chillin catalogue were purchased by Massachusetts-based LandSpeed Records, now known as Traffic Entertainment Group. Along with Ruthless Records, Death Row Records, and Rap-a-Lot Records, in 2006, LandSpeed started releasing new versions of the classic albums in Cold Chillin’s’ catalog with their original artwork intact. However, the albums recorded by Big Daddy Kane remained with Warner Bros, Records, and Kool G. Raps 4,5,6 remained with Epic Records. Albums marked with were distributed by Warner Bros. Records sister label Reprise Records, albums marked with were distributed by Epic Street. Albums marked with were distributed by Tommy Boy Records 1987 M. C. C, shan—Play it Again, Shan Master Ace—Take a Look Around + Kool G Rap & DJ Polo—Wanted, Dead or Alive Grand Daddy I. U. O. B. +1993 Big Daddy Kane—Looks Like a Job For… + Biz Markie—All Samples Cleared, tBTBT—Too Bad to Be True YZ—The Ghetto’s Been Good to Me § T. C. F. Crew—Come & Play with Me 1994 Grand Daddy I. U
5.
Biz Markie
–
Marcel Theo Hall, better known by his stage name Biz Markie, is an American rapper, beatboxer, DJ, comedian, actor, singer, reality television personality, grartist, and commercial spokesperson. He is best known for his single Just a Friend, an American Top 10 hit in 1989, in 2008, Just a Friend made #100 on VH1s list of the 100 greatest hip hop songs of all time. Biz Markie currently lives in Howard County, Maryland, and has helped support County Executive Ken Ulman during his fundraisers, Markie has been called the Clown Prince of Hip Hop. Markies career began on Long Island, New York and he attended and graduated from Longwood High School in 1982. Before he got famous Biz Markie was interviewed in the 1986 cult documentary Big Fun In The Big Town. Markie released his album, Goin Off in 1988, which attracted a fair amount of attention, largely due to the lead single, Make the Music With Your Mouth. The album also featured the hit singles Nobody Beats The Biz, Vapors. On October 10,1989, Biz Markies second studio album, Records, produced by Biz, his cousin Cool V and Paul C. The single Just a Friend, in which he alternates between rap and singing, became Markies most successful single, reaching #9 on the Billboard charts. The song interpolates the 1968 song You Got What I Need by singer/songwriter Freddie Scott, whose basic chord, Just A Friend was ranked 81st on VH1s 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders in 2000, and later as number 100 on VH1s 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop in 2008. The music video, directed by Lionel C, martin, chronicles the rappers woman problems. At the climax of the video, Biz Markies character stumbles upon a girl he was trying to date kissing another man she had referred to as just a friend. It also includes a scene of Biz singing the chorus dressed as Mozart in 18th-century clothing with a powdered wig in a candlelit room while playing the piano. This scene was inspired by the video for the 1986 hit Rock Me Amadeus. Markies third studio album I Need a Haircut was released on August 27,1991, on Cold Chillin/Warner Bros. Records and was produced by Biz Markie and his cousin Cool V. Sales of the album were low when Markie was served a lawsuit by Gilbert OSullivan. This development reflected the popularity of hip-hop and the financial stakes over which releases were set. Biz responded in 1993 with the mischievously titled All Samples Cleared, but his career had been hurt by the publicity emanating from the lawsuit, and the record suffered accordingly
6.
Big Daddy Kane
–
Antonio Hardy, better known by his stage name Big Daddy Kane, is a Grammy Award-winning American rapper and actor who started his career in 1986 as a member of the rap collective the Juice Crew. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential, the name Big Daddy Kane came from a variation on Caine, David Carradines character from TV show Kung Fu and a character called Big Daddy Vincent Price played in the film Beach Party. In 1984, Kane became friends with Biz Markie, and he would some of Bizs best-known lyrics. Both eventually became important members of the Queens-based Juice Crew, a collective headed by renowned producer Marley Marl, Kane signed with Tyrone Williams’s and Len Fichtelberg’s Cold Chillin Records label in 1987 and debuted the same year with the 12 single Raw, which was an underground hit. Kane is known for his ability to syncopate over faster hip hop beats and his sense of style is renowned and set a number of late-1980s and early-1990s hip hop trends. The backronym King Asiatic Nobodys Equal is often applied to his moniker and he released his debut album on Cold Chillin Records in the early summer of 1988 called Long Live the Kane, which featured the hit Aint No Half Steppin. He also had a verse on the Marley Marl-produced track The Symphony released in late 1988, which included Juice Crew members Craig G, Masta Ace. Big Daddy Kane appeared on Patti Labelles 1991 effort, Burnin and he provided the rap chorus to the single Feels Like Another One. He also appeared on the video release Live in New York and he contributed the song Nuff Respect to the soundtrack of the film Juice, which starred Omar Epps and Tupac Shakur, further demonstrating his fast lyrical delivery. In 1991, Kane won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for his performance on the Quincy Jones collaborative track Back on the Block off Back on the Block. Widely regarded as one of the greatest rappers during the age of hip hop, Kanes experimentation with R&B beats. Later albums, such as Looks Like a Job For…, were acclaimed, as an actor, he debuted in Mario Van Peebles 1993 western, Posse, and appeared in Robert Townsends 1993 film The Meteor Man. Big Daddy Kane also posed for Playgirl and Madonnas Sex book during the 1990s, in 1996, he collaborated with 2Pac on his song Where Ever U R. During the early 1990s, Jay-Z toured with Kane, and Kane helped him early on in his career - Ice-T says, Kane brought Jay-Z over to my house. Kane himself says that Jay-Z wasn’t technically his hypeman in the sense of the term—he wasn’t a hypeman. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay-Z and Positive K, Jay-Z was also featured on Big Daddy Kane’s track ‘Show & Prove’ from Daddy’s Home, as well as in the video. In 1995, Kane recorded with MC Hammer and Tupac Shakur on the rap song Too Late Playa and he was also mentioned to signing with Death Row East in 1996. In 1997, Kane team up with Frankie Cutlass on his third single title The Cypher Part 3, in 1998, he released his final solo album Veteranz Day
7.
Kool G Rap
–
Nathaniel Thomas Wilson, better known by his stage name Kool G Rap, is an American rapper from LeFrak City, Queens. He began his career in the mid-1980s as one half of the group Kool G Rap & DJ Polo and he is often cited as one of the most influential and skilled MCs of all time, and a pioneer of mafioso rap/street/hardcore content and multisyllabic rhyming. On his album The Giancana Story, he stated that the G in his name stands for Giancana and he has also been cited as a major influence to some of hip-hops most critically acclaimed figures such as The Notorious B. I. G. Big Pun, Nas, Eminem and Jay-Z, as well as many underground rappers, Wilson grew up in the poverty-ridden streets of Corona, Queens, New York with legendary producer Eric B. In an interview with The Source he stated, Growing up in Corona was like a little Harlem, I was like 15 years old, Ma dukes couldnt dress a nigga no more and at that age you want a little money in your pocket. Thats what gets us all, material possessions, a nigga got caught up in that mentality. Nigga started selling drugs at a point, and all that shit. Eventually all my friends got smoked, All my friends started packing burners everyday, we was wild shorties. Around this time, Wilson was looking for a DJ, and through Eric B. he met DJ Polo, who was looking for an MC to collaborate with. Juice Crew producer Mr. Magic and DJ Marley Marl allowed Polo and G Rap to go to their studio to record a demo and they eventually released Its a Demo as a single with Im Fly, along with two more singles. Shortly after this, Kool G Rap appeared on the Juice Crews classic posse cut The Symphony before they released their debut album and this album and their two later albums, Wanted, Dead or Alive and Live and Let Die, are highly regarded and considered hip-hop classics. Eventually in 1993, Kool G Rap parted ways with DJ Polo in pursuit of a solo career. In 1995, G Rap started his career with the album 4,5,6, which featured production from Buckwild. It has been his most commercially successful record, reaching No.24 on the US Billboard 200 album chart and this was followed by Roots of Evil in 1998. In 1997 G Rap was featured on Frankie Cutlass Politic & Bullsht album track titled Know Da Game which also featured Mobb Deep and my Life the hit single from the album featuring Talk Box legend G-Wise reached No.6 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Rap singles charts. He then released a joint album with his group,5 Family Click, in the following years, mixtapes were made and further collaborations continued. There were even rumors of G Raps signing to both Rocafella and G-Unit Records, and even at one point Maybach Music, in 2007 he released Half a Klip on Chinga Chang Records, featuring production from, among others, DJ Premier and Marley Marl. A full LP was released in 2011, Riches, Royalty, Respect showcasing his true to form style, the promise and prospects of collaboration albums were announced later the next year on his own, newly formed label FullMettle
8.
Masta Ace
–
Duval Clear, known better by his stage name Masta Ace, is an American rapper and record producer from Brownsville, Brooklyn. He appeared on the classic 1988 Juice Crew posse cut The Symphony and he is noted for his distinct voice and rapping proficiency, and has influenced several MCs, including Eminem. In 2000, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, but he revealed it to the public in 2013, Clear graduated from the University of Rhode Island in 1988, after meeting Marley Marl in 1987 during his summer break. Ace made his debut as on the Hip Hop posse-cut The Symphony, along with fellow Juice Crew members Craig G, Kool G Rap and Big Daddy Kane. The album also featured two additional Ace tracks, Keep Your Eyes on the Prize and Simon Says, in 1989, he released his first solo single, Together b/w Letter to the Better. His debut album, Take a Look Around, was released through Marls Cold Chillin label in 1990, featuring production from Marl and DJ Mister Cee. The album featured two hit singles in Music Man and Me & The Biz, the latter being a track with Aces impersonation of Biz Markie. In the early stages of his career, Masta Ace was very energetic He also recorded material with a six-member supporting entourage, in light of his newly claimed status as a veteran, he has gravitated toward an earnest, matter-of-fact plainspokenness in the new millennium. Many of the songs that have lent newfound heft to his reputation are simple, no-nonsense rumination on feelings and facts of urban American life, including Soda and Soap and Beautiful. The album featured Aces new crew, Masta Ace Incorporated, which included Eyceurokk, Lord Digga, Paula Perry, the singles SlaughtaHouse, Saturday Nite Live, Style Wars and Jeep Ass Niguh were taken from the album. The latter featured a remix titled Born to Roll, which became a crossover single in 1994. The song became Aces second Hot 100 hit in 1994, peaking at #60 on the chart, Ace furthered his mainstream appeal in 1995, with his radio-friendly Sittin on Chrome album. This effort was released with the Masta Ace Incorporated crew. The album was Aces most commercially successful release, breaking into the Top 20 on Billboard s Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart, Sittin On Chrome included Born to Roll, as well as two other Hot 100 hit singles, The I. N. C. Following the albums success, Ace had an out with I. N. C. members Lord Digga and Paula Perry. After the split, Ace was largely missing from the hip hop scene over the five years. He thought that Ace was biting his track and released a diss song toward Ace titled Just You Wait, Ace responded to Boogieman on the diss track Acknowledge, which also dissed The High & Mighty over a misunderstanding. The trading of records led to a rap battle between the two at a Lyricist Lounge event, Acknowledge was also included on Disposable Arts
9.
Craig G
–
Craig Curry, better known by his stage name Craig G, is an American rapper from Queensbridge, New York. He is perhaps best known as one of the members of hip hop producer Marley Marls Cold Chillin Records group the Juice Crew and he released another album in 2003 on the D&D label, This Is Now, featuring collaborations with Marley Marl, DJ Premier, and Da Beatminerz. In 2008, he was part of a reunited Juice Crew, performing at the A3C Hip Hop Festival in Atlanta, in 2012 he released his album Ramblings Of An Angry Old Man. Http, //www. okayplayer. com/reviews/craig-g. html#. UnLfUnm9Kc0 He is currently recording an as yet to be titled E. P. With Da Beatminerz http, //www. hiphopdx. com/m/index. php. s=news&id=24001 Craig G Has A New Album Titled I Rap & Go Home Released June 3rd 2016 He Recently Leaked Music From The Project Here. Appeared in Brother on the Run first single of HollyLodz album by Polish producent, features on UK Hip Hop artist Rictas album Snacks & Deception LP. Featured on the song Mann for min hatt from 2011 album Dette Forandrer Alt by Gatas Parlament, appeared on the song Represent from 2012 album Back in Effect by Falcon Burns & Melph. Appeared on the song Take It Back from 2013 ep The Backspin Project by Sound Survivors, Craig G at the Internet Movie Database
10.
Tragedy Khadafi
–
His name is a reference to the former leader of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi. He began his career as half of the duo Super Kids, along with DJ Hot Day, releasing the single Go, Queensbridge in 1985. In 1987, he appeared as MC Percy in the B side of the 12 Juice Crew All Stars and also on the last Super Kids single, Hot Day Master Mix. After a conviction that year for robbery charges followed by serving time in the Elmira Correctional Facility, Chapman became a Five Percenter, Chapman continued to record throughout the remainder of the 1990s. One of his last recordings as Intelligent Hoodlum was the cut for the motion picture soundtrack of Posse. This song marked the end of Chapmans overt focus on Conscious hip hop, Black history and political commentary in his verses. Working with Capone, Noreaga and Mobb Deep, recording L. A L. A a response to Tha Dogg Pounds New York, New York and he also worked on Capone-N-Noreagas debut album, The War Report, on which he actually appears more on the album than Capone. When the latter returned to prison, Noreaga severed ties with Tragedy, in 1998, Tragedy formed the group Iron Sheiks along with his lifelong friend, Michael Butler a. k. a. Who was also from Queensbridge, releasing an EP, which contained the underground classic True Confessions, on the album, Tragedy dissed Noreaga and accused him of stealing his rhyming style on tracks like Crime Nationalist or Blood Type. Noreaga kept the animosity going with his track Halfway Thugs Pt. II and this was followed by Still Reportin. in 2003. In 2005, he released Thug Matrix independently and also released an album as a member of the group Black Market Militia, khadafis latest releases, Blood Ballads and Thug Matrix 2, were both released in 2006. On December 27,2007, Tragedy was convicted of selling narcotics, although originally scheduled to be released on January 21,2011, Tragedy was granted early parole, and released on June 23,2010. 1997, Channel 101997, Stay Tuned 1997, L. A. L. A
11.
New school hip hop
–
The new school of hip hop was a movement in hip hop music starting 1983–84 with the early records of Run–D. M. C. and LL Cool J. Like the hip hop preceding it, it came predominantly from New York City, the new school was initially characterized in form by drum machine led minimalism, often tinged with elements of rock. It was notable for taunts and boasts about rapping, and socio-political commentary, in image as in song its artists projected a tough, cool, street b-boy attitude. These elements contrasted sharply with the funk and disco influenced outfits, novelty hits, live bands, synthesizers and party rhymes of artists prevalent in 1984, New school artists made shorter songs that could more easily gain radio play, and more cohesive LPs than their old school counterparts. By 1986 their releases began to establish the hip hop album as a fixture of the mainstream, hip-hop production became denser, rhymes and beats faster, as the drum machine was augmented with the sampler technology. Rakim took lyrics about the art of rapping to new heights, while KRS-One, native Tongues artists inclusive, sample-crowded music accompanied their positivity, Afrocentricity and playful energy. I. G. Coming to dominate the East Coast scene, the phrase leader of the new school, coined in hip hop by Chuck D in 1988, and presumably given further currency by the group with the exact name Leaders of the New School, remains popular. It has been applied to artists ranging from Jay-Z to Lupe Fiasco, elements of new school had existed in some form in the popular culture since hip-hops birth. This part of the culture was initiated by Kool DJ Herc in 1972 using breaks from James Brown, The Incredible Bongo Band, browns music—extensive vamps in which his voice was a percussive instrument with frequent rhythmic grunts, and with rhythm-section patterns. West African polyrhythms—was a keynote of hip hops early days, by 1975, Grandmaster Flash and Afrika Bambaataa had taken up Kool Hercs breakbeat style of DJing, each with their own accompanying rappers. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band and Grand Funk Railroads Inside Looking Out on unsuspecting b-boys, the earliest hip-hop records replaced the DJ with a live band playing funk and disco influenced tunes, or interpolating the tunes themselves, as in Rappers Delight and King Tim III. It was the soft, futuristic funk closely tied to disco that ruled hip hops early days on record, often though the rawer elements present in live shows did not make it past the recording studio. Bambaataas first records, for instance, two versions of Zulu Nation Throwdown, were recorded with just drums and rhymes, when Bambaataa heard the released records, a complete live band had been added. Likewise on the bootleg Live Convention 82, Grand Wizard Theodore cuts the first six bars of Rufus Thomass Do the Funky Penguin together for five and a half minutes while an MC raps over the top. Grandmaster Flashs Superrappin had a pumping syncopated rhythm and The Furious Five emulating his spinbacks and needle drops and chanting that that Flash is on the beatbox going. The beatbox itself however, a machine which Flash had added to his turntable set-up some time earlier, was absent on the record. Kool Moe Dees verbal personal attacks on Busy Bee Starski live at Harlem World in 1982 caused a sensation in hip hop circles. In the same way, groups like the Cold Crush Brothers and The Force MCs were known for their routines, competitive attitude, tapes of battles like these circulated widely, even without them becoming viable recordings
12.
Kool DJ Red Alert
–
Kool DJ Red Alert is an American disc jockey who rose to fame on 98.7 Kiss-FM in New York City, and is recognized as one of the founding fathers of hip hop music and culture. His weekly radio show airs on WBLS107.5 FM Saturday evenings from 6pm-7pm EST, Red Alert is one of the first deejays to perform with the architects of hip hop Universal Zulu Nation. He built his radio shows fanbase by shouting out to listeners within the Tri-State area, Red Alert has been noted for breaking in such acts and artists as A Tribe Called Quest, Queen Latifah, and Black Sheep. Red played a role in The Bridge Wars beginning in 1986. Red Alert holds the record for the most guest appearances amongst all hip hop artists. Kool DJ Red Alert grew up in Harlem, New York and he later attended and graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School in The Bronx. At age nineteen, he began attending Thursday and Friday night parties in downtown New York City and he was influenced by dance/disco deejays pioneers Grandmaster Flowers, Pete DJ Jones, and The Together Brothers. On Saturday nights, he acquired the sounds of hip hop from the neighboring uptown borough The Bronx via DJ Kool Herc, later on, Red would also attend parties, witnessing deejay sets from Grandmaster Flash, Kool DJ A. J. and Afrika Bambaataa. His allure was for the deejays acute ability to blended vinyl records on two sets of turntables with ideal songs that had tempos and rhythms to keep the crowd moving. He would soon after assemble his own collection and gathered deejaying equipment. Red Alert taught the basics of deejaying to his cousin Jazzy Jay, Jazzy Jay in return introduced Red to Afrika Bambaataa, the founding member and most exalted deejay of the Universal Zulu Nation. Red Alert would eventually become a fellow Zulu member, along with the other early Zulu deejays Afrika Islam, Grandmixer DST. Afrika Bambaataa added to the young Red Alerts wisdom regarding the value of keeping a non-judgemental approach to exploring various genres of music, including rock, reggae, disco, and new wave. The teenage Crute graduated high school as a top-ranking basketball prospect, in the early 1980s, Bambaataa would bring the sounds of hip hop to downtown New York City in legendary New York nightclubs Danceteria, Negril, and The Roxy. While deejaying at The Roxy in 1982, Red Alert met Barry Mayo, impressed by Reds deejay abilities, Mayo hired Red Alert to inaugurate the stations KISS Master Mix Party showcase. Kool DJ Red Alert appeared on the station, becoming their top deejay and his only full-time hired colleague for the stations other hip hop shows was fellow pioneering deejay Chuck Chillout. He would deejay two timeslots called The Twelve OClock Old School At Noon Mix and The Five OClock Free Ride for the seven years. After a brief return to KISS-FM from 2001 to 2002, Red started playing for Power 105. 1FM, after a five-year stint at Power 105-FM, Kool DJ Red Alert returned to his initial radio station KISS98.7 FM in 2006
13.
Boogie Down Productions
–
Boogie Down Productions was a hip hop group, originally composed of KRS-One, D-Nice, and DJ Scott La Rock. DJ Scott La Rock was murdered on August 27,1987, five months after the release of BDPs debut album, Criminal Minded. The name of the group, Boogie Down, derives from a nickname for the South Bronx section of The Bronx, the membership of BDP changed continuously throughout its existence, the only constant being KRS-One. From those beginnings, BDP members and collaborators included Lee Smith, Scott La Rock, D-Nice, Kenny Parker, Mad Lion, DJ Premier, Just-Ice, ICU Channel Live, McBoo, Ms. Melodie, Heather B. Scottie Morris, Tony Rahsan, Willie D. RoboCop, Harmony, DJ Red Alert, Jay Kramer, D-Square, Rebekah Foster, Scott Whitehill, Scott King, Chris Tait and Sidney Mills. BDP as a group essentially ended because KRS-One began recording and performing under his own rather than the group name. Original member Lee Smith, who has co-producer credit on the original 12” South Bronx single, was the last to be jettisoned by KRS-One. In the liner notes on BDPs 1992 album Sex and Violence, KRS-One writes, BDP in 1992 is KRS-One, Willie D, BDP is not D-Nice, Jamal-ski, Harmony, Ms. Melodie, and Scottie Morris. They are not down with BDP so stop frontin, steve Flash Juon of RapReviews. com claimed that this initiated the ultimate breakup of the group. The origins of hip-hop to many, including BDP, are believed to be from the Bronx, a rival hip-hop collective known as the Juice Crews lyrics were misunderstood to contain a claim in the song The Bridge that hip hop was directly a result of artists originating from Queensbridge. The Bridge Wars, however, were only short-lived, and after the death of Scott La Rock prior to the second album. While Criminal Minded contained vivid descriptions of South Bronx street life, producer Lee Smith was dropped and KRS-One adopted the Teacha moniker and made a deliberate attempt at creating politically and socially conscious Hip-Hop. BDP was hugely influential in provoking political and social consciousness in Hip-Hop however the group was overshadowed by the political hip hop group Public Enemy. Jamaican inspirations The Jamaican influence present in Criminal Minded is well illustrated by the use of the Mad Mad or Diseases riddim started in 1981 with reggae star Yellowmans song Zunguzung. BDP used this riff in the song Remix for P is Free, as an album regarded by many as the start of the gangsta rap movement, Criminal Minded played an important role in reaffirming the social acceptance of having Jamaican roots. BDP referenced reggae in a way that helped to solidify Jamaicas place in modern hip-hop culture, the influence of BDP in the creation and development of gangsta rap highlights the cultural significance and impact of the type of music BDP and other early hip-hop artists like it created. This subgenre of hip-hop is most closely associated with hard-core hip-hop and is misinterpreted as promoting violence. This misinterpretation or stigma is closely related to Boogie Down Productions, for instance, the cover art of Criminal Minded displays the two artists in this group brandishing drawn guns and displaying other firearms
14.
The Symphony (song)
–
The Symphony is a rap song produced by Marley Marl featuring Juice Crew members Masta Ace, Kool G Rap, Craig G and Big Daddy Kane. The track appears on Marley Marl’s 1988 Cold Chillin Records release In Control, Volume 1. Rolling Stone ranked “The Symphony” the 48th greatest hip-hop song of all time, calling it “the first truly great posse cut. ”Marley Marl, who was working as a DJ for radio station WBLS, sampled the song’s signature loop from a station copy of Otis Redding’s Hard to Handle. Marley Marl and his Juice Crew affiliates recorded “The Symphony” in Queens, immediately after posing in front of a Lear Jet for In Control, though this photo bespoke wealth, Marley Marl remembers, “I was still living in the projects. I was paying like $110 a month for my rent, free electricity, so New York City Housing Authority kind of co-produced some of my earlier hits. The songs signature line, a sample of Otis Redding’s “Hard to Handle, ” has surfaced on Snoop Doggs Ghetto Symphony, Nas and The Firms Affirmative Action, Mos Defs Habitat. Meanwhile, Big Daddy Kane’s famous line, “Put a quarter in your ass cause you played yourself, ” pops up as a looped sample on the Beastie Boys’ Hey Fuck You. Along with earning the 49th spot in Rolling Stone’s “The 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs of All Time, Kool G. Raps line Im on a rampage is scratched into EPMDs Rampage which features LL Cool J. This song also influenced the 2009 title Renaissance Rap Q-Tip ft Busta Rhymes, Raekwon and Lil Wayne as youll here Q-Tip repeat his own version of Marley Mal Intro and Ending
15.
WBLS
–
WBLS is an urban adult contemporary FM radio station in New York City. The station has had a number of letters, owners. It is currently owned by Emmis Communications, along with sister station WLIB, the two stations share studios in the West Village section of Manhattan, and WBLS transmitting antenna is located on the Empire State Building. The 107.5 frequency in New York City signed on in July 1951 as WEVD-FM, within a few years, WEVD-FM moved to 97.9, and 107.5 went off the air. Several years later the New Broadcasting Company, then-owners of WLIB, was awarded a permit for the dormant frequency. As the Federal Communications Commission recently instituted a rule prohibiting full-time AM/FM simulcasting in large markets, the stations were split up in 1972, when Inner City Broadcasting purchased WLIB, WLIB-FM was then renamed WBLS. Inner City reunited the pair with its purchase of WBLS in 1974, from 1972 to 1978, WBLS was the flagship station of the Mutual Black Network. In 1993, Calvin O. Butts III, pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, Butts protests culminated in his bulldozing a pile of hip-hop recordings during a rally. In response to the protests, WBLS excised most hip hop music from its air and carefully screened what it did play for content, WBLS shortly reverted to urban contemporary, only to exit again in 2004 when WBLS switched to urban adult contemporary. WBLS acquired WRKSs intellectual property in a merger of the two announced on April 26, with a joint statement on both stations respective websites. During the 2012-13 NBA season, WBLS broadcast selected New York Knicks games in an agreement with WEPN-FM and these games conflicted with WEPN-FMs coverage of the NFLs New York Jets when both teams were scheduled to play on Sunday afternoons. On February 11,2014, Emmis Communications announced it would purchase WBLS and WLIB from YMF Media LLC for $131 million, the purchase was consummated on June 10,2014. Official website Query the FCCs FM station database for WBLS Radio-Locator information on WBLS Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for WBLS
16.
Kurtis Blow
–
Kurt Walker, professionally known by his stage name Kurtis Blow, is an American rapper and record producer. He is the first commercially successful rapper and the first to sign with a record label. The Breaks, a single from his 1980 debut album, is the first certified gold rap song. Throughout his career he has released 15 albums and is currently an ordained minister, originally from Harlem, Walker began DJing under the name Kool DJ Kurt. He was also a disco performer, Walker changed his name to Kurtis Blow at the suggestion of Russell Simmons, copying the pattern from Eddie Cheeba. In 1979, aged twenty, Kurtis Blow became the first rapper to be signed by a label, Mercury. Its follow-up, The Breaks, also sold over half a million copies and he was also the first rapper to perform overseas. He released ten albums over the eleven years. His first album was Kurtis Blow, while his second was the Top 50 pop album Deuce, Party Time featured a fusion of rap and go-go. Ego Trip included the hits,8 Million Stories, AJ Scratch and his 1985 album, America, garnered praise for its title tracks music video. From this album, the song If I Ruled the World became a Top 5 hit on Billboards R&B chart, towards the end of the 1980s, his recording career waned and he moved into production. Besides his own work, Kurtis has been responsible for hits by The Fat Boys, Run began his career billed as The Son of Kurtis Blow. Lovebug Starski, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Full Force, Russell Simmons and Wyclef Jean all have produced by, or collaborated with. Former label mates René & Angela had their R&B chart topping debut Save Your Love was produced by him, along with Dexter Scott King, Walker co-ordinated King Holiday, a song to celebrate Martin Luther King’s birthday, released in January 1986. His acting performances and music coordination in several films includes Leon Kennedy’s Knights of the City, as host and co-producer for Das Leben Amerikanischer Gangs, an international film productions focus on the West Coast gang scene, Kurt crossed international waters for inner city justice. As host and associate producer for Rhyme and Reason Kurtis gave an account of the status of hip hop. Kurt has spoken out emphatically against racism and he was an active participant in the Artists Against Apartheid record “Sun City”. Kurt has worked with Rev. Jesse Jacksons Operation Push and National Rainbow Coalition in Chicago, Kurt has also worked with Rev. Al Sharptons Action Network in New York City
17.
Run-DMC
–
Run–D. M. C. was an American hip hop group from Hollis, Queens, New York, founded in 1981 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell. The group is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop culture. Run-D. M. C. is one of the most famous acts of the 1980s who, along with LL Cool J, The Beastie Boys. They were the first group in the genre to have a gold album, Run-D. M. C. was the only hip hop act to perform at Live Aid in 1985. The group was among the first to highlight the importance of the MC, in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked them number 48 in their list of the greatest musical artists of all time. In 2007, Run-D. M. C. was named The Greatest Hip Hop Group of All Time by MTV. com, on April 4,2009, rapper Eminem inducted them into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Became only the second hip hop group in history to be inducted, after Grandmaster Flash, as a teenager, Simmons was recruited into hip-hop by his older brother, Russell, who was then an up-and-coming hip-hop promoter. Simmons appeared onstage as a DJ for rapper Kurtis Blow, who was managed by Russell, known as DJ Run, Son of Kurtis Blow, Simmons soon began performing with Kurtis Blow. Previously, McDaniels had been focused on athletics than music. Simmons convinced McDaniels to start rapping, and though McDaniels would not perform in public, Mizell was known for his flashy wardrobe and b-boy attitude, which led to minor legal troubles as a teen. Thereafter, he decided to pursue music fame and began entertaining in the soon after. Eventually, Simmons and McDaniels rapped in front of Mizell at the park, following Russells success managing Kurtis Blow, he helped Run record his first single, a song called Street Kid. The song went unnoticed, but despite the failure, Runs enthusiasm for hip-hop was growing. Simmons soon wanted to record time with McDaniels, but Russell refused. After they completed school and started college in 1982, Simmons and McDaniels finally convinced Russell to let them record as a duo. A year later, in 1983, Russell agreed to help record a new single and land a record deal. A name which, incidentally, the group hated at first, DMC said later, We wanted to be the Dynamic Two, the Treacherous Two — when we heard that s**t we was like, Were gonna be ruined. After signing with Profile Records, Run-D. M. C, released their first single Its Like That/Sucker MCs, in late 1983
18.
LL Cool J
–
James Todd Smith, known professionally as LL Cool J, is an American rapper, actor, author, and entrepreneur from Queens, New York. LL Cool J is also known as one of the forefathers of pop rap and he has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations. His twelfth album Exit 13, was his last for his deal with Def Jam Recordings. His latest album, Authentic, was released in April 2013, in 2010, VH1 considered him to be in their 100 Greatest Artists Of All Time list. LL Cool J has also appeared in films, including In Too Deep, Any Given Sunday. He currently stars in a role as NCIS Special Agent Sam Hanna, on the CBS crime drama television series NCIS. LL Cool J is also the host of Lip Sync Battle on Spike, LL Cool J was born James Todd Smith on January 14,1968, in Bay Shore, New York, the son of Ondrea Griffeth and James Louis Smith, Jr. In an episode of Finding Your Roots, LL learned his mother was adopted by Eugene Griffith, the series genetic genealogist CeCe Moore identified LLs biological grandparents as Ethel Mae Jolly and Nathaniel Christy Lewis through analysis of his DNA. LLs biological great-uncle was hall of fame boxer, John Henry Lewis and he began rapping at age 9 and was influenced by hip-hop group The Treacherous Three. His grandfather, a jazz saxophonist, bought him $2,000 worth of equipment, Smith later discussed his childhood background and rapping, stating that By the time I got that equipment, I was already a rapper. In this neighborhood, the kids grow up in rap and its like speaking Spanish if you grow up in an all-Spanish house. I got into it when I was about 9, and since then all I wanted was to make a record and hear it on the radio. In a VH1 documentary, LL Cool J, at 14 years of age, revealed that he wanted to call himself J-Ski. Under his new name, LL Cool J, Smith was signed by Def Jam, which led to the release of his first official record. The single was a hard-hitting, streetwise b-boy song with spare beats, Smith later discussed his search for a label, stating I sent my demo to many different companies, but it was Def Jam where I found my home. That same year, Smith made his debut concert performance at Manhattan Center High School. In a later interview, LL Cool J recalled the experience, stating They pushed the lunch room tables together and me and my DJ, Cut Creator, as soon as it was over there were girls screaming and asking for autographs. Right then and there I said This is what I want to do, LLs debut single sold over 100,000 copies and helped establish both Def Jam as a label and Smith as a rapper
19.
12-inch single
–
The 12-inch single is a type of gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time compared to typical LPs. This allows for levels to be cut on the disc by the cutting engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range. This record type is used in disco and dance music genres. They are played at either 33 1⁄3 or 45 rpm, 12-inch singles typically have much shorter playing time than full-length LPs, thus require fewer grooves per inch. This extra space permits a broader dynamic range or louder recording level as the grooves excursions can be greater in amplitude. Many record companies began producing 12-inch singles at 33 1⁄3 rpm, although 45 rpm gives better treble response and was used on many 12-inch singles, the gramophone records cut especially for dance-floor DJs came into existence with the advent of recorded Jamaican mento music in the 1950s. With the 1967 Jamaican invention of remix, called dub on the island, those specials became valuable items sold to allied sound system DJs, who could draw crowds with their exclusive hits. The popularity of sound engineer King Tubby, who singlehandedly invented and perfected dub remixes from as early as 1967. By then 10-inch records were used to cut those dubs, by 1971, most reggae singles issued in Jamaica included on their B-side a dub remix of the A-side, many of them first tested as exclusive dub plates on dances. Those dubs basically included drum and bass-oriented remixes used by sound system selecters, the 10-inch acetate specials would remain popular until at least the 2000s in Jamaica. Most likely, the use of exclusive dub acetates in Jamaica also led American DJs to do the same. In the United States, the 12-inch single gramophone record came into popularity with the advent of music in the 1970s after earlier market experiments. In early 1970, Cycle/Ampex Records test-marketed a 12-inch single by Buddy Fite, the experiment aimed to energize the struggling singles market, offering a new option for consumers who had stopped buying traditional singles. The record was pressed at 33 rpm, with run times to the 7-inch 45-rpm pressing of the single. Several hundred copies were available for sale for 98 cents each at two Tower Records stores. Another early 12-inch single was released in 1973 by soul/R&B musician/songwriter/producer Jerry Williams, 12-inch promotional copies of Straight From My Heart were released on his own Swamp Dogg Presents label, with distribution by Jamie/Guyden Distribution Corporation. It was manufactured by Jamie Record Co. of Philadelphia, PA, the B-side of the record is blank. The first 12-inch single made specifically for DJs was actually a 10-inch acetate used by a mix engineer in need of a Friday-night test copy for famed disco mixer Tom Moulton, the song was Ill be holding on by Al Downing
20.
A-side and B-side
–
The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
21.
KRS-One
–
Lawrence Parker, better known by his stage names KRS-One, and Teacha, is an American rapper and occasional producer from The Bronx, New York City, New York. KRS-One rose to prominence as part of the group Boogie Down Productions, following the release of the groups debut album, Criminal Minded, La Rock was shot dead, but KRS-One continued the group, effectively as a solo project. He began releasing records under his own name in 1993, KRS-One is politically active, having started the Stop the Violence Movement, after the death of Scott La Rock. Lawrence Parker was born in The Bronx, New York in 1965, by the time he met youth counselor Scott Sterling, he was also writing graffiti as KRS-One. DJ Scott La Rock, created Boogie Down Productions, releasing their album, Criminal Minded. KRS-One began his career as one third of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions, or BDP. After being rejected by radio DJs Mr. Magic and Marley Marl, still, KRS-One dissed the song with the BDP record South Bronx. Next, a round of volleys would ensue with Shans Kill That Noise. KRS-One, demonstrating his nickname The Blastmaster, gave a performance against MC Shan. Many believe this live performance to be the first MC battle where rappers attack each other, Parker and Sterling decided to form a rap group together, initially calling themselves Scott La Rock and the Celebrity Three. That was short-lived, however, as the two peripheral members quit, leaving Parker and Sterling and they then decided to call themselves Boogie Down Productions. Success is the Word, a 12-inch single produced by David Kenneth Eng and Kenny Beck, was released on indie Fresh/Sleeping Bag Records, Boogie Down Productions released their debut album Criminal Minded in 1987. The album, whose cover pictured BDP draped in ammunition and brandishing guns, is credited with setting the template for the burgeoning genres of hardcore. Scott La Rock was killed in a shooting later that year, following the fatal shooting of Scott La Rock in 1987, KRS was determined to continue Boogie Down Productions through the tragedy, releasing the album By All Means Necessary in 1988. He was joined by beatboxer D-Nice, rapper Ramona Ms. Melodie Parker, KRS-One was the primary initiator behind the H. E. A. L. Compilation and the Stop the Violence Movement, for the latter he would attract many prominent emcees to appear on the 12-inch single Self Destruction, after five largely solo albums under the name Boogie Down Productions, KRS-One decided to set out on his own. On his first solo album, 1993s Return of the Boom Bap, Parker worked together with producers DJ Premier, Kid Capri and Showbiz and his second album, 1995s KRS-One, featured Channel Live on Free Mumia, a song in which they criticize Black Civil Rights Activist C. Other prominent guest stars on KRS-One included Mad Lion, Busta Rhymes, Das EFX, in 1991, KRS-One appeared on the alternative rock group R. E. M. s single Radio Song, which appeared on the bands album Out of Time, released the same year
22.
Hip hop
–
Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans and Latinos from the inner-city South Bronx neighbourhood in New York City in the late 1970s. Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Herc mixed samples of existing records and DJed percussion breaks, mixing this music with his own Jamaican-style toasting to rev up the crowd and dancers. These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s, with the mainstream commercial success of gangsta rap. Critic Greg Tate described the hip hop movement as the only avant-garde still around, Hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the United States and subsequently the world. These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s. Sampling older culture and re-using it in a new context or a new format is called flipping in hip hop culture. Hip hop music follows in the footsteps of earlier African-American-rooted musical genres such as blues, jazz, rag-time, funk, cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into his stage performance. The group frequently performed with artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them hip hoppers. The name was meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music. The song Rappers Delight, by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you dont stop. Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called The Positive Life in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. Bill Alder, an independent consultant, once said, There was hardly ever a moment when rap music was underground, one of the very first so-called rap records, was a monster hit. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa also credits Lovebug Starski as the first to use the hip hop. Bambaataa, former leader of the Black Spades gang, also did much to popularize the term. In the 1970s, an urban movement known as Hip Hop began to develop in the South Bronx in New York City. It focused on emceeing over breakbeats, house parties and neighbourhood block party events, Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. Jamaican-born DJ Clive Kool Herc Cindy Campbell pioneered the use of DJing percussion breaks in hip hop music, beginning at Hercs home in a high-rise apartment at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the movement later spread across the entire borough. Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, on August 11,1973 DJ Kool Herc was the DJ at his sisters back-to-school party
23.
The Bronx
–
The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U. S. state of New York. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York. The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a section in the west, closer to Manhattan. East and west street addresses are divided by Jerome Avenue—the continuation of Manhattans Fifth Avenue, the West Bronx was annexed to New York City in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. Bronx County was separated from New York County in 1914, about a quarter of the Bronxs area is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo in the boroughs north and center. These open spaces are situated primarily on land reserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed north. The name Bronx originated with Jonas Bronck, who established the first settlement in the area as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639, the native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace from the 1990s until today, the Bronx was called Rananchqua by the native Siwanoy band of Lenape, while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck. It was divided by the Aquahung River, the origin of Jonas Bronck is contested. Some sources claim he was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden, who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. Bronck became the first recorded European settler in the now known as the Bronx and built a farm named Emmanus close to what today is the corner of Willis Avenue. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem. He eventually accumulated 500 acres between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which known as Broncks River or the Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Broncks Land, the American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Broncks son or his younger brother. More recent research indicates that Pieter was probably Jonas nephew or cousin, the Bronx is referred to with the definite article as The Bronx, both legally and colloquially. The region was named after the Bronx River and first appeared in the Annexed District of The Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County
24.
South Bronx
–
The South Bronx is an area of the New York City borough of the Bronx. As the name implies, the area comprises neighborhoods in the part of the Bronx, such as Concourse, Mott Haven, Melrose. Formerly a deteriorating, poverty-stricken area, the South Bronx is now known for its hip hop culture, the geographic definitions of the South Bronx have evolved and are disputed but certainly include the neighborhoods of Mott Haven, Melrose and Port Morris. The neighborhoods of Belmont, Castle Hill, Crotona Park East, Highbridge, Hunts Point, Longwood, Morrisania, the South Bronx is part of New Yorks 15th Congressional District. The South Bronx is served by the NYPDs 40th, 41st, 42nd, 44th, the South Bronx was originally called the Manor of Morrisania, and later Morrisania. The Morris memorial is at St. Anns Church of Morrisania, Morris descendants own land in the South Bronx to this day. As the Morrises developed their landholdings, an influx of German, later, the Bronx was considered the Jewish Borough, and at its peak in 1930 was 49% Jewish. Jews in the South Bronx numbered 364,000 or 57. 1% of the population in the area. The term was first coined in the 1940s by a group of workers who identified the Bronxs first pocket of poverty, in the Port Morris section. Originally denoting only Mott Haven and Melrose, the South Bronx extended up to the Cross Bronx Expressway by the 1960s, encompassing Hunts Point, Morrisania, the South Bronx is a place for working-class families. Its image as an area developed in the latter part of the 20th century. There were several factors contributing to the decay of the South Bronx, white flight, landlord abandonment, economic changes, demographics, the Cross Bronx Expressway, completed in 1963, was a part of Robert Moses’ urban renewal project for New York City. The expressway is now known to have been a factor in the urban decay seen by the borough in the 1970s and 1980s. Cutting through the heart of the South Bronx, the highway displaced thousands of residents from their homes, the neighborhood of East Tremont, in particular, was completely destroyed by the Expressway. Others have argued that the construction of highways has not harmed communities. The already poor and working-class neighborhoods were further disadvantaged by the property value. Racially charged tension, during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, further contributed to middle-class flight, some neighborhoods were considered undesirable by homeowners in the late 1960s and the areas population began decreasing. In addition, post World War II, rent control policies have been proposed by one author as contributing to the decline, in either case, while desirable housing options were scarce, vacancies further increased
25.
Down by Law (MC Shan album)
–
Down by Law is the debut album by East Coast hip hop artist MC Shan. Released at the height of the Bridge Wars, a feud between artists started by South Bronxs KRS-One responding to the Queensbridge anthem The Bridge, the album contains the diss track, Kill That Noise in response to The Bridge Is Over. The album is produced by Marley Marl and it was the only Cold Chillin/Warner Bros. album that was never initially released on CD by its distributor. The album was not released on that format until 1995, long after the 5-year distribution deal with Warner Bros. Records ended, by this time, Cold Chillin distributed its material independently, mostly from its back catalog. This CD pressing would only be available for a limited time and it was then re-released in 2001 as MC Shan, the Best of Cold Chillin, which featured all the tracks from Down by Law with a few additional non-album tracks. This version is now out of print as well, in 2007, it was re-released again by its new owner, Traffic Entertainment, in expanded form as a double-disc set with bonus tracks. All tracks produced by Marley Marl
26.
Beatboxing
–
Beatboxing is a form of vocal percussion primarily involving the art of mimicking drum machines using ones mouth, lips, tongue, and voice. It may also involve vocal imitation of turntablism, and other musical instruments, beatboxing today is connected with hip-hop culture, often referred to as the fifth element of hip-hop, although it is not limited to hip-hop music. The term beatboxing is sometimes used to refer to vocal percussion in general, examples include the Appalachian technique of eefing and the blues song Bye bye bird by Sonny Boy Williamson II. Many well-known performers used vocal percussion occasionally, even though this was not directly connected to the tradition that came to be known as beatboxing. Paul McCartneys That Would Be Something includes vocal percussion, pink Floyds Pow R. Toc H. also includes vocal percussion performed by the groups lead vocalist Syd Barrett. Jazz singers Bobby Mcferrin and Al Jarreau were very known for their vocal styles and techniques which have had great impact on techniques beatboxers use today. The term beatboxing is derived from the mimicry of the first generation of drum machines, Human beatboxing in hip-hop originated in the 1980s. Its early pioneers include Doug E. Wise inspired a new fan base of human beatboxers with his human turntable technique. The Internet has played a part in the popularity of modern beatboxing. Alex Tew started the first online community of beatboxers in 2000 under the banner of HUMANBEATBOX. COM, in 2001, Gavin Tyte, a member of this community created the worlds first tutorials and video tutorials on beatboxing. In 2003, the community held the worlds first Human Beatbox Convention in London featuring beatbox artists from all over the world, beatboxings current popularity is due in part to releases from artists such as Rahzel, RoxorLoops, Reeps One, and Alem. Sometimes, modern beatboxers will use their hand or another part of their body to extend the spectrum of sound effects and rhythm. Some have developed a technique that involves blowing and sucking air around their fingers to produce a realistic record scratching noise. Another hand technique includes the throat tap which involves the beatboxer tapping their fingers against their throat as they sing or hum. Today there is an increase in the variety in which we see beatboxing throughout musical culture, people have gone as far as adding beatboxing in with different instruments to create a completely different sound unlike any other. Artist Greg Patillo goes as far as adding in beatboxing while playing the flute to very iconic songs, Beatbox has become modernized and has even been seen in popular movies such as Pitch Perfect and Pitch Perfect 2. Beatbox Battle Network was founded in summer 2002 in Berlin, Germany as a non profit organization with the focus to support the global beatboxing community. It is specialized on culture marketing, live broadcasting and artist management, bBB3TV also known as Beatbox Battle Television produces the Beatbox Beatbox World Championship
27.
Goin' Off
–
Goin Off is the debut studio album by American hip hop musician Biz Markie. The album was released by Cold Chillin Records, and produced by Marley Marl, the album was praised for its wit and humor. Big Daddy Kane wrote the lyrics of the albums first five songs, the album also showcased Bizs talent as a human beatbox on the song Make the Music with Your Mouth, Biz, and his skill in the game of dozens on the track Nobody Beats the Biz. One of his most widely known songs, Vapors, was on the album, in 1998, the album was selected as one of The Sources 100 Best Rap Albums. In 2006, the album was re-released by Traffic Entertainment Group with a bonus disc and it restores the original album versions of Vapors and This Is Something for the Radio as well as the Marley Marl remix of Make the Music that appeared on the original LP. The album is broken down track-by-track by Biz Markie in Brian Colemans book Check the Technique, pickin Boogers contains samples from, The Jam performed by Graham Central Station Big Black Caddy performed by Grandmaster Flash 2. Albee Square Mall contains samples from, God Made Me Funky performed by The Headhunters Reach out of The Darkness performed by Friend, Biz is Goin Off contains samples from, One-Man Band performed by Monk Higgins and The Specialites Double Barrel performed by Dave Collins and Ansel 4. Return of the Biz Dance contains samples from, Zimba Ku performed by Black Heat 5, Vapors contains samples from, Papa Dont Take No Mess performed by James Brown 6. Make the Music with Your Mouth, Biz contains samples from, Biz Dance contains samples from, Do the Funky Penguin performed by Rufus Thomas 8. This is Something for the Radio contains samples from, Change the Beat performed by B-Side, unlimited Darling Dear performed by the Jackson Five
28.
Warner Bros. Records
–
Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B
29.
Just a Friend
–
Just a Friend is a song written, produced and performed by American hip hop artist Biz Markie. It was released in September 1989 as the single from his album. It is Markies most successful single, reaching #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1990, the song interpolates the 1968 song You Got What I Need recorded by Freddie Scott, whose basic chord and melody provided the base for the songs chorus and made it famous. Karma, a record producer for Cold Chillin Records, told Vibe magazine in 2005 that he produced the single. The single was certified platinum on April 12,1990, the music video, directed by Lionel C. Martin, chronicles the rapper/singers woman problems, at the climax of the video, Biz Markies character stumbles upon a girl he was trying to date – not his girlfriend – kissing another man she had previously referred to as just a friend. It also includes a scene of Biz Markie singing the chorus dressed as Mozart in 18th-century clothing with a wig in a candlelit room while playing the piano. Appears in the television show Its Always Sunny in Philadelphia, in the 2nd season episode entitled, Dennis, appears as one of the featured music videos in the television show Beavis and Butt-Head, in the 2nd season episode entitled, Home Improvement. Appeared on the radio station The Mix 107.77 in the video game Saints Row IV and in one sequence was sung by the games villain and it is later played at the end credits, sung by the cast of the game. It soon fades out, leaving only Michael Clarke Duncan, the voice of Ben King. Michael died before his recording of Ben could be completed and his song was Volitions own tribute to him. Appears in a Heineken Let a Stanger Drive You Home commercial from 2009 with people after a night out singing along to the song in the back of a cab. Just a Friend at AllMusic Just a Friend at Discogs Just a Friend music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
