1.
Benton Harbor, Michigan
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Benton Harbor is a city in Berrien County in the U. S. state of Michigan which is located west of Kalamazoo, and northwest of South Bend, Indiana. In 2010, the population was 10,038 according to the census and it is the smaller, by population, of the two principal cities in the Niles–Benton Harbor Metropolitan Statistical Area, an area with 156,813 people. Benton Harbor and the city of St. Joseph are separated by the St. Joseph River and are known locally as the Twin Cities, fairplain and Benton Heights are unincorporated areas adjacent to Benton Harbor. Benton Harbor was founded by Henry C, Morton, Sterne Brunson and Charles Hull, who all now have or have had schools named after them. Benton Harbor was mainly swampland bordered by the Paw Paw River, through which a canal was built, in 1860, the village was laid out by Brunson, Morton, Hull and others, and given the name of Brunson Harbor. Brunson, Morton, and Hull also donated land and solicited subscriptions for construction of the canal and it had long been recognized that a canal would be crucial to the towns development, both to drain the marsh and to provide a berthing area for ships. The canal, originally 25 feet in width but expanded to 50 feet in 1868, in 1865, the name of the settlement was changed to Benton Harbor in honor of Thomas Hart Benton, a Missouri Senator who helped Michigan achieve statehood. In 1869, Benton Harbor was organized as a village and in 1891 was incorporated as a city, two major riots occurred in 1966 and 2003. Several other riots have occurred in the intervening period. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.68 square miles. Benton Harbor has a continental climate that has very warm summers for the type. Due to lake-effect snow there is very high relative to precipitation in winter. Summer high temperatures range from 77 to 83 °F from June to August, the demographics of Benton Harbor contrast sharply with those across the river in St. Joseph. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,038 people,3,548 households, the population density was 2,265.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 4,329 housing units at a density of 977.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 7. 0% White,89. 2% African American,0. 3% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 8% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 2% of the population. 28. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.41. The median age in the city was 28.3 years
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Belmont Stakes
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The Belmont Stakes is an American Grade I stakes Thoroughbred horse race held every June at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is a 1. 5-mile-long horse race, open to three-year-old Thoroughbreds, colts and geldings carry a weight of 126 pounds, fillies carry 121 pounds. The 1973 Belmont Stakes and Triple Crown winner Secretariat holds the mile, the attendance at the Belmont Stakes is among the American thoroughbred racing top attended events. The 2004 Belmont Stakes drew an audience of 21.9 million viewers. The 149th Running of the Belmont Stakes will take place on Saturday, the first Belmont Stakes was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, built in 1866 by stock market speculator Leonard Jerome and financed by August Belmont, Sr. for whom the race was named. The first race in 1867 saw the filly Ruthless win, while the year was won by General Duke. The race continued to be held at Jerome Park until 1890, the 1895 race was almost not held because of new laws that banned bookmaking in New York, it was eventually rescheduled for November 2. When anti-gambling legislation was passed in New York State, Belmont Racetrack was closed, the first winner of the Triple Crown was Sir Barton, in 1919, before the series was recognized as such. In 1920, the Belmont was won by the great Man o War, starting in 1926, the winner of the Belmont Stakes has been presented with August Belmont Trophy. The owner may keep the trophy for one year, and also receives a miniature for permanent use. The term Triple Crown was first used when Gallant Fox won the three races in 1930, but the term did not enter widespread use until 1935 when his son Omaha repeated the feat, Sir Barton was then honored retroactively. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes, prior to 1931, the Preakness was run before the Derby eleven times. On May 12,1917 and again on May 13,1922, the Preakness, on eleven occasions, the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes. The date of each event is now set by the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes is currently held two weeks later, and the Belmont Stakes is held three weeks after the Preakness. The earliest possible date for the Derby is May 1, and the latest is May 7, the earliest possible date for the Belmont is thus June 5, and the latest is June 11. In 1937, War Admiral became the fourth Triple Crown winner after winning the Belmont in a new record time of 2,28 3/5. In the 1940s, four Triple Crown winners followed, Whirlaway in 1941, Count Fleet in 1943, Assault in 1946, Count Fleet won the race by a then-record margin of twenty-five lengths. He also set a record of 2,28 1/5
4.
National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
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The National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame is located in Fort Worth, Texas, US. Established in 1975, it is dedicated to honoring women of the American West who have displayed extraordinary courage, the museum is an educational resource with exhibits, a research library, and rare photography collection. It annually adds Honorees to its Hall of Fame, the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame honors and documents the lives of women of the American West. The museum was started in 1975 in the basement of the Deaf Smith County Library in Hereford and it was removed to Fort Worth in 1994. The museum then moved into its 33,000 square feet permanent location in the Cultural District of Fort Worth on June 9,2002, as of 2013, there are over 200 Cowgirl Hall of Fame honorees, with additional women being added annually. Honorees include women from a variety of fields, including pioneers, artists, businesswomen, educators, ranchers, women already in the hall of fame include Georgia OKeeffe, Sacagawea, Annie Oakley, Dale Evans, Enid Justin, Temple Grandin and Sandra Day O’Connor. Groundbreaking took place on February 22,2001, the 33,000 square foot building was designed by architech David M. Schwarz/Architectural Services, Inc. Linbeck Construction Company built the structure and Sundance Projects Group, provided project management, additional members of the construction/design team included, Gideon/Toal Architects, architect of record, Datum Engineers, structural engineers, and Summit Engineering, mechanical engineering. The style of the building is compatible with the nearby Will Rogers Memorial Center, the exterior is constructed with brick and cast stone with terra cotta finials formed in a ‘wild rose’ motif and glazed in vibrant colors. The Museum’s interior is designed to provide a circulation path for visitors. A 45–foot-high domed rotunda serves as a point and houses the Hall of Fame honoree exhibits. Two grand staircases providing overlooks into the rotunda are made of different metal finishes, the floors are a honed Corton Bressandes French limestone on the ground floor. Doors of stained walnut mark the entrance to the theater, western themes are found throughout including native flowers, horse heads and the wild rose motif. The areas of the include the Spirit of the Cowgirl Theater, the Lifetiles murals, the childrens Discovery Corral, the retail Cowgirl Shop. It has interactive displays, rodeo memorabilia, clothing. The area also displays saddles such as Sheila Welch’s cutting horse saddle, also in this gallery is an interactive bronc riding experience, where visitors can ride a fake horse that has been modified from training bulls used by rodeo riders. Visitor’s rides can be videoed, and then sped up, and it has both graphic panels and plasma screen displays. An interactive exhibit allows children to saddle a model Shetland pony, and other displays for children, show childrens chaps, 4-H ribbons and a selection of toys
5.
National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
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The National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame was founded in 1950 in Saratoga Springs, New York, to honor the achievements of American Thoroughbred race horses, jockeys, and trainers. In 1955, the moved to its current location on Union Avenue near Saratoga race course. Each spring, following the tabulation of the votes, the announcement of new inductees is made. The actual inductions are held in mid-August during the Saratoga race meeting, the Hall of Fames nominating committee selects eight to ten candidates from among the four Contemporary categories to be presented to the voters. For example, in 2016, two horses were inducted at the same time. The museum also houses a collection of art, artifacts. Under current rules, a horse must have retired for a minimum of five full calendar years to be eligible for the hall of fame. Thoroughbreds remain eligible between five and 25 calendar years following their final racing year, Thoroughbreds retired for more than 25 calendar years become eligible through the Historic Review Committee. In the early years, inductions were made exclusively through historical review, in 1955, a group of 9 horses from the earliest years of the American turf were inducted. The 1956 class included 11 horses that raced around the turn of the century, since then, the classes have been significantly smaller as the inductions shifted to more contemporary horses. To be eligible for the Hall of Fame, a jockey must be licensed for 20 years or have retired for at least five years. To be eligible for the Hall of Fame, a trainer must be licensed, the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame has named only five people in the history of American Thoroughbred horse racing as Exemplars of Racing. In addition to the Hall of Fame, the houses numerous exhibits. These range from paintings of the days of racing in England by John E. Ferneley. Featured artists include, William Smithson Broadhead, Vaughn Flannery, Sir Alfred J. Munnings, Frederic Remington, Martin Stainforth, George Stubbs, Henry Stull, Edward Troye, also on display are Kelsos five Jockey Club Gold Cup trophies and the Triple Crown trophies of Count Fleet
6.
Jockey
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A jockey is someone who rides horses in horse racing or steeplechase racing, primarily as a profession. The word also applies to camel riders in camel racing, the word is by origin a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for boy, or fellow, at least since 1529. A familiar instance of the use of the word as a name is in Jockey of Norfolk in Shakespeares Richard III. v.3,304, the current usage which means a person who rides a horse in races was first seen in 1670. Another possible origin is the Gaelic word eachaidhe, a horseman, the Irish name Eochaid is related to each, horse, and is usually translated as horse rider. This is phonetically similar to jockey Jockeys must be light to ride at the weights which are assigned to their mounts. There are horse carrying weight limits, that are set by racing authorities, the Kentucky Derby, for example, has a weight limit of 126 lb including the jockeys equipment. The weight of a jockey usually ranges from 108 to 118 lb, despite their light weight, they must be able to control a horse that is moving at 40 mph and weighs 1,200 lb. Though there is no limit for jockeys, they are usually fairly short due to the weight limits. Jockeys typically stand around 4 ft 10 in to 5 ft 6 in, Jockeys are normally self employed, nominated by horse trainers to ride their horses in races, for a fee and a percentage of the purse winnings. In Australia, employment of apprentice jockeys is in terms of indenture to a master, Jockeys often cease their riding careers to take up other employment in racing, usually as trainers. In this way the system serves to induct young people into racing employment. Jockeys usually start out when they are young, riding work in the morning for trainers and it is normally necessary for an apprentice jockey to ride a minimum of about 20 barrier trials successfully before being permitted to ride in races. An apprentice jockey is known as a bug boy because the asterisk that follows the name in the program looks like a bug, all jockeys must be licensed and usually are not permitted to bet on a race. An apprentice jockey has a master, who is a horse trainer and this allowance is adjusted according to the number of winners that the apprentice has ridden. After a four-year indentured apprenticeship, the apprentice becomes a jockey and usually develops relationships with trainers. Sometimes senior jockeys are paid a retainer by an owner gives the owner the right to insist the jockey ride their horses in races. Racing modeled on the English Jockey Club spread throughout the world with colonial expansion, the colors worn by jockeys in races are the registered colors of the owner or trainer who employs them. The practice of riders wearing colors probably stems from medieval times when jousts were held between knights, however, the origins of racing colors of various patterns may have been influenced by racing held in Italian city communities since medieval times
7.
Breeders' Cup
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The Breeders Cup World Championships is an annual series of Grade I Thoroughbred horse races, operated by Breeders Cup Limited, a company formed in 1982. From its inception in 1984 through 2006, it was an event, starting in 2007. All sites have been in the United States, except in 1996, the attendance at the Breeders Cup varies, depending mainly on the capacity of the host track. Santa Anita Park set the highest two-day attendance figure of 118,484 in 2016, the lowest two-day attendance was 69,584 in 2007 at Monmouth Park. The attendance typically only trails the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, with the addition of three races for 2008, a total of $25.5 million was awarded over the two days, up from $23 million in 2007. With the subsequent removal of two races, the purses for the thirteen races totaled $24.5 million in 2014, plus awards for foal. Prior to the 2016 running, the purses were raised from $26 million to $28 million. The purse of the Classic was raised from $5 million to $6 million, each Breeders Cup race presents four Breeders Cup trophies to the connections of the winner and a garland of flowers draped over the withers of the winning horse. Many Breeders Cup winners will go on to win the Eclipse Award in their respective division, for example, of the eleven flat racehorse categories, seven of the Eclipse winners in 2015 had also won a Breeders Cup race, while three others were in the money. In the 2015 listing of the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities, three Breeders Cup races are ranked among the top Grade 1 races in the world, the Classic, the Turf, the Distaff is ranked second among the top Grade 1 races for fillies and mares. The event was created as a championship for North American Thoroughbred racing. The races are operated by Breeders Cup Limited, a company formed in 1982, the first event was in 1984. From its inception in 1984 through 2006, it was an event, starting in 2007. All sites have been in the United States, except in 1996, in 2006 Greg Avioli began serving as interim President and CEO of the Breeders Cup, and he became the official CEO in April 2007. This is a time for the Breeders Cup, said Avioli. Before the Breeders Cup expanded to two days, it was considered to be the richest day in sports. Beginning in 2008, the day of the Breeders Cup became the second-richest. In 2008, a total of $17 million was awarded on that day, the richest single day in sports is now another Thoroughbred racing event, Dubai World Cup Night
8.
Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
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The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to Triple Crown, comprises three races for three-year-old Thoroughbred horses. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing, the term originated in mid-19th century England and different nations where thoroughbred racing is popular each have their own Triple Crown series. S. Few have even tried as the time between the Kentucky Oaks and Black-Eyed Susan is generally considered too short for fillies. The most commonly accepted version of the Triple Tiara uses three races from New York, from 1957 to 2002, and 2007 to 2009, these three races were the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes, and the Coaching Club American Oaks. Thus far, no filly has won the reconfigured Triple Tiara, Nijinsky is still the only winner of the English Triple Crown since World War II. For many years, it was considered unlikely that any horse would win the English Triple Crown again. However, the horse was withdrawn from the 2000 Guineas two days before the race after suffering a setback and never raced again, since Nijinsky, only Nashwan, Sea the Stars, and Camelot have won both the Guineas and the Derby. Between Reference Point in 1987 and Camelot in 2012, no Derby winner even entered the St. Leger. This reluctance to compete in the St. Leger is said to be because of the impact it would have on a horses stud value in a market where speed is preferred to stamina, for a list of the annual individual race winners, see English Triple Crown race winners. By this reckoning, there were only 12 triple crown winners, in the past, this was not considered a true Triple Crown as the best fillies would often run in the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas. As this is no longer the case, the Fillies Triple Crown would now be considered as comparable as the original. In Ireland, the Triple Crown, modelled on the English equivalent, is made up of the Irish 2,000 Guineas the Irish Derby the Irish St. Leger All three races are run at the Curragh. For a list of the individual race winners, see Irish Triple Crown race winners. In 2014, the Hall of Fame decided to honor the five horses who had won the three races before 1959, meaning 12 horses are now recognized as winning the Canadian Triple Crown. The three-year-old Triple Crown initially included the Canterbury Guineas but nowadays the first leg is the Randwick Guineas, Leger, Dortmund,2800 m Only one horse has won the German Triple Crown, Königsstuhl in 1979. It is not known if the lists above are complete, the last Derby Belge for which there is any known record was in 2011, when the race was won by German-bred Revanta. The Hungarian Triple consists of, Nemzeti dij Magyar Derby Magyar St. Leger No filly has swept the Hungarian Fillies Triple Crown. In Switzerland, the Triple Crown series consists of, Swiss Derby Swiss 2000 Guineas Swiss St. Leger Plus the series for fillies Swiss Oaks Swiss 1000 Guineas One horse has won the Swiss Triple Crown,2006 Majofils Majofils half-sister Singapore Creek captured the 2007 Swiss Oaks
9.
Saratoga Special Stakes
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The Saratoga Special Stakes is an American grade II thoroughbred horse race run annually in mid-August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. The race is for two-year-olds willing to race six and a half furlongs on the dirt, with its first run in 1901, the Saratoga Special was a winner-take-all race until 1959 when it became a standard stakes race. The race was held at Belmont Park on the Widener Course in 1943,1944, there was no race in 1911 and 1912 due to the New York State legislated ban on parimutuel betting that led to the closure of all New York racetracks. There was also no race held in 2004, regret, Campfire, Dehere, and City Zip each swept the Saratoga Special, Sanford Stakes and Hopeful Stakes
