Julius (Jules) Oppert was a French-German Assyriologist, born in Hamburg of Jewish parents.

Fulgence Fresnel ( FRAYN-, FREN-el, -⁠əl or fray-NEL; French: [fylʒɑ̃s fʁɛnɛl]; was a French Orientalist. He was brother to the noted physicist Augustin Fresnel. Fresnel was an Orientalist scholar who led one of the first archaeological teams to excavate in Mesopotamia.