Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems. Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large.
Jumping spider
Salticidae male anterior and dorsal aspects, showing positions of eyes
The eight eyes of a Telamonia dimidiata located near the front
Adult male Phidippus audax
Spiders are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. As of November 2023, 51,673 spider species in 136 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900.
Spider
Palystes castaneus female, dorsal aspect pedipalp trichobothria carapace of prosoma (cephalothorax) opisthosoma (abdomen) eyes AL (anterior lateral) AM (anterior median) PL (posterior lateral) PM (posterior median) Leg segments: coxa trochanter femur patella tibia metatarsus tarsus claw chelicera
Palystes castaneus female, ventral aspect. Nos 1 to 14 as for dorsal aspect. sternum of prosoma pedicel (also called pedicle) book lung sac book lung stigma epigastric fold epigyne anterior spinneret posterior spinneret Legs are labelled I, II, III, IV from anterior to posterior.
A syrphid fly captured in the web of a spider