1.
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
–
Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom is a 2013 British-South African biographical film directed by Justin Chadwick from a script written by William Nicholson and starring Idris Elba and Naomie Harris. The film is based on the 1995 autobiographical book Long Walk to Freedom by anti-apartheid revolutionary, W. de Klerk Zenzo Ngqobe as Patrick Lekota Carl Beukes as Niel Barnard A. J. Following the publication of Mandelas autobiography, Singh was granted the rights to the film adaptation, the film is directed by Justin Chadwick. For the film, U2 wrote the song Ordinary Love, subscribers of the bands official website were able to hear a short snippet first. The film held its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2013. It was released on 28 November 2013 in South Africa and on 3 January 2014 in the United Kingdom, a week before, William made brief comments to the press while exiting the theatre, stating that I just wanted to say its extremely sad and tragic news. We were just reminded what an extraordinary and inspiring man Nelson Mandela was and my thoughts and prayers are with him and his family right now. The film was pulled from theatres in South Africa the next day out of respect. On the 8th of December to mark the launch of the film a Gala dinner, private screening and charity auction in aid of the childrens charity Onetoonechildrensfund. Sir Trevor McDonald was Master of Ceremonies for the evening, introducing the auction where one of an edition of 6 portrait heads of Nelson Mandela. The head was donated by the sculptor and sold in aid of the work in South Africa. Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom received mixed to positive reviews, at Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 60 based on 32 reviews, indicating mixed or average reviews. Scott Foundas of Variety said the film never opts for a touch when a sledgehammer will do, but also praises Elba for a towering performance. But the talent of the lead actors lends it heft, particularly the commanding performance of Idris Elba as Mandela, jordan Hoffman from Film. com also gave the film a mixed to negative review, Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom should have been a layup. A slow burn leading to eventual triumph, moving speeches, Idris Elba raging against injustice, but as crazy and offensive as it may sound, youll get more chills from Elbas idiotic speech about canceling the apocalypse in Pacific Rim than you will in this by-the-numbers bore. However, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film a positive review with 2. They were so exhausted feeling guilty about slavery that I dont think there was left over to be nice about our film. We were deluged with Mandela stuff and after a week we all thought, please, take it away, or, at least, what he wanted to let us know
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
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Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
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Life
2.
County Borough of Salford
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Salford was, from 1844 to 1974, a local government district in the northwest of England, coterminate with Salford. It was granted city status in 1926, in about 1230, the vill of Salford, Lancashire, was created a free borough by charter granted by Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester. The boroughs government was in the hands of a borough-reeve and portmote court, the reeve was elected by the burgesses at large, while the head of the Molyneux family of Sefton presided over the court as hereditary steward of the Hundred of Salford. In 1791 the first modern local government was established in the area, the borough originally consisted of the township of Salford and the part of Broughton township south of the River Irwell. It was divided into four wards, with a council consisting of a mayor, eight aldermen. In 1853 the borough was extended to include the rest of Broughton and Pendleton township, the wards of the borough were redrawn and increased in number to sixteen. Salford township was divided into seven wards, Broughton into three and Pendleton into six, each ward was represented by three councillors and one alderman, and the size of the council consequently increased to forty-eight councillors and sixteen aldermen. Under the Local Government Act 1888 all municipal boroughs with a population of 50,000 or more were designated as county boroughs with the powers of both a borough and a county council. In 1889, therefore, the became the County Borough of Salford. Although independent of Lancashire County Council, Salford remained part of the county for purposes such as lieutenancy, shrievalty, custos rotulorum. The size of the council did not change, although the wards were reorganised in 1921. This was in spite of the opposition of civil servants in the Home Office who dismissed the borough as merely a collection of 240,000 people cut off from Manchester by the river. The corporation progressively accumulated increased powers and responsibilities through government legislation, elections to the borough council were held annually, with one third of councillors being elected each year. Aldermen had a term of office, with one half of their number being elected by the council every three years. As was common in borough elections throughout England, early elections were often uncontested, as late as 1883 only two wards were contested. Although party labels were not used, there were in two groupings on the council, aligned to the parliamentary Conservative and Liberal parties. Conservatives were in a majority until 1892 when the two groups reached parity, with an independent councillor holding the balance of power. The Conservatives regained power in 1893, and by 1894 the Liberal grouping had divided into Gladstonians and Radicals, Conservatives and other Unionist members maintained a large majority until 1919
County Borough of Salford
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Salford Town Hall (Up to 31 March 1974)
County Borough of Salford
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City of Salford County Borough of Salford
3.
Lancashire
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Lancashire is a non-metropolitan ceremonial county in north west England. The county town is Lancaster although the administrative centre is Preston. The county has a population of 1,449,300, people from Lancashire are known as Lancastrians. The history of Lancashire begins with its founding in the 12th century, in the Domesday Book of 1086, some of its lands were treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay between the Ribble and Mersey, Inter Ripam et Mersam, was included in the returns for Cheshire, when its boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire. Lancashire emerged as a commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Liverpool and Manchester grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade, the county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Manchester, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashires mill towns, the detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east, with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester, the county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack, in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, in the Domesday Book, land between the Ribble and Mersey were known as Inter Ripam et Mersam and included in the returns for Cheshire. Although some historians consider this to mean south Lancashire was then part of Cheshire and it is also claimed that the territory to the north formed part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It bordered on Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire, the county was divided into hundreds, Amounderness, Blackburn, Leyland, Lonsdale, Salford and West Derby. Lonsdale was further partitioned into Lonsdale North, the part north of the sands of Morecambe Bay including Furness and Cartmel
Lancashire
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John Speed 's map of the County Palatine of Lancaster, 1610
Lancashire
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The
Red Rose of Lancaster is the
county flower of Lancashire, and a common symbol for the county.
Lancashire
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Logo
Lancashire
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Lancashire County Hall, Preston
4.
Leicester Polytechnic
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De Montfort University is a public university in the city of Leicester, England. In 2008, 70% of the research was deemed world leading. The assessment also highlighted a particular strength in English literature, where its RAE score equalled the University of Cambridge, the university has the second highest number of National Teaching Fellows of all UK universities. The university ranked 53rd in the Times University rankings for 2016, the university is organised into four faculties, Art, Design, and Humanities, Business and Law, Health and Life Sciences, and Technology. There is also the Institute of Creative Technologies which researches the intersections of art, science, technology, the universitys origins are in the Leicester School of Art, established in 1870 on a voluntary basis. The school expanded in response to the needs of late 19th-century industry, leading to the introduction of subjects such as engineering, building. By 1897, it was clear the buildings being used were no longer suitable, £25,000 was raised to build a very handsome school that would be enormous credit to the town and. So that it would answer its purpose for the next 100 years, the building in question is the Hawthorn Building, which today still houses the sciences, in the shape of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences. At the time of the first phase its construction, there were 500 art students and 1,000 technical students, in 1903, a letter from Her Majestys Inspector praised the success of the technical subjects. Increasing demand for courses prompted an extension to the Hawthorn Building in 1909, in 1919, further properties were rented. The Duchess of Atholl laid the stone of Hawthorns new west wing in 1927, by which time the establishment was known under by the joint name of The Leicester Colleges of Art. In 1934, the University of London recognised the college as suitable for preparing students for the External Degree in Engineering, the prospectus for 1936–37 included details of various technically based schools, including the Schools of Architecture, Building and Building Crafts, and Engineering. The fourth phase of extensions to the Hawthorn Building was completed in 1938–39, the first accommodation was secured in 1946 when three houses were purchased by the university. More space was needed to meet the demand, and so in 1948, Mr F. Bray, Under Secretary of the Ministry of Education. In 1966, the new Fletcher building was opened by HM The Queen Mother, in the same year, a white paper, A Plan for Polytechnics and Other Colleges, was published, leading to the creation of the City of Leicester Polytechnic. Under the provision of the Education Reform Act of 1988, Leicester Polytechnic became a Higher Education Corporation, Leicester Polytechnic became De Montfort University in accordance with the Further and Higher Education Act in 1992, establishing it as a degree awarding body in its own right. The name De Montfort University was taken from Simon de Montfort, in the 1990s the institution aimed to become a multi-campus collegiate university covering the entire East Midlands, and as such, the university swiftly acquired other campuses. Leicester Polytechnic built a new campus in Kents Hill in Milton Keynes, departments at Milton Keynes included Computer and Information Sciences, Built Environment and Business
Leicester Polytechnic
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A statue of
Simon de Montfort on the
Haymarket Memorial Clock Tower in
Leicester, England
Leicester Polytechnic
–
De Montfort University
Leicester Polytechnic
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The Clephan building, home to the former Faculty of Humanities
Leicester Polytechnic
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The Fletcher Building of the former Faculty of Art and Design
5.
Heartbeat (UK TV series)
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Heartbeat is a British police drama series set in 1960s North Riding of Yorkshire and broadcast on ITV in 18 series between 1992 and 2010. It was made by ITV Studios at the Leeds Studios and on location, Heartbeat first aired on Friday 10 April 1992. The 372nd and final aired on Sunday 12 September 2010. Heartbeat proved popular from the beginning, when early series consistently drew over 10 million viewers. In 2001, Heartbeat came sixth in the UK TV ratings list with an audience of 13.82 million. In autumn 2008, typical viewing figures were around 6 million per episode, originally conceived as a vehicle for Nick Berry, on whom early series centred, the show has seen many characters come and go over the years. Derek Fowlds and William Simons were the only main-cast actors who remained with the show over its entire 18-series run, Heartbeat is set in the 1960s. Although the specific timeframe is vague, various episodes appear to correspond to events between 1964 and 1969, the series initially revolves around the work of a group of police officers in the fictional town of Ashfordly and the village of Aidensfield in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The series was based on the Constable books written by former policeman Peter Walker, under the pen-name Nicholas Rhea. The title Heartbeat was chosen to represent the beat and the medical connotations of the word heart. The show was originally a vehicle for ex-EastEnders actor Nick Berry, cast as PC Nick Rowan, the Aidensfield policeman newly arrived from London with his wife Kate. Berry also sings Heartbeats theme song — the Buddy Holly song of the same name, berrys recording reached number 2 on the UK singles chart in 1992. In the 2005 series no fewer than twelve regular actors had their names and faces included in the opening credits— at the time a record for any British series, in series 18 this had increased to thirteen. The record has since broken by Holby City, which during the later stages of its 2009–10 series had sixteen regular actors appearing. The show rarely features political storylines, though references to the counterculture movement are made during some episodes. Sixties pop music is prominent, forming the soundtrack to the show, some 1970s records appear anachronistically, such as the Hollies 1974 song The Air That I Breathe.14 was preceded by a viewer discretion warning for containing scenes of domestic violence. The first series dealt mainly with the experiences of a married couple, PC Nick Rowan and Doctor Kate Rowan. Both faced initial suspicion from the villagers, but over the course of the came to be accepted as part of the community
Heartbeat (UK TV series)
–
Heartbeat opening title
Heartbeat (UK TV series)
–
Brow House Farm near
Goathland, used as the home of Claude Greengrass (one of the best-known characters from the show's early series, played by
Bill Maynard)
Heartbeat (UK TV series)
–
Scripps Garage from the series
Heartbeat (UK TV series)
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Nick Berry as PC Nick Rowan (Heartbeat book cover)
6.
Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series)
–
Dalziel and Pascoe is a popular British television crime drama based on the novels of the same name, written by Reginald Hill. The series was first broadcast on 16 March 1996, with Warren Clarke being cast as Dalziel, the series is primarily set in the fictional town of Wetherton in Yorkshire, and follows the work of two detectives that are thrown together as partners. Different backgrounds, different beliefs, different styles and they get on each others nerves. They are continually embarrassed by each other, but their differences make them a stunningly brilliant crime-solving team. The first three series were based on Hills novels, as were the first two episodes of series four. However, all subsequent stories, with the exception of Dialogues of the Dead, are written exclusively for television. The series was produced by BBC Birmingham, and broadcast on BBC One until 22 June 2007, the series was axed in 2008, citing falling viewing figures as the main reason. It was one of a number of dramas axed in a mass cull by new station controller Peter Fincham, detective Superintendent Andy Dalziel, Dalziel—pronounced dee-ELL—is blunt-talking, politically incorrect, and very insensitive. Hes from the old school of policing, in complete contrast to his younger side-kick, hes vulgar, loud and rude, says actor Warren Clarke. But he is in also an great humanitarian and he gets very good results. Dalziel has been forced to confront the problems caused by years of unhealthy living, including heavy drinking. He is a member of the Wetherton rugby and liberal clubs, hes not afraid of getting results. Detective Inspector Peter Pascoe, University educated and well mannered, Pascoe is the complete opposite of his abrasive, hes married with one child, but separates from his wife, Ellie, after the fifth series. They first met at university, before she dumped him due to his decision to join the police force, however, she soon decides to change her mind and give her relationship with Pascoe another go, to success. In later series, Pascoe struggles to get on with his difficult and obstinate father and he is also very good friends with Edgar Wieldy Wield. Detective Sergeant Edgar Wieldy Wield, Edgar Wield presents as the one of the group. But he has a good investigative eye, occasionally he reveals he has a keen sense of humour, although usually he makes jokes, often quite subtle ones, with a very straight face. Aside from Pascoe, Wield is Dalziels right-hand man, providing him with all of the required to nail a suspect
Dalziel and Pascoe (TV series)
–
Series 1 DVD cover
7.
Ewan McGregor
–
Ewan Gordon McGregor OBE is a Scottish actor. His first professional role was in 1993, when he won a role in the Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar. Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in Angels and Demons, Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama Salmon Fishing in the Yemen, and Lumière in an adaptation of Beauty. He received Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy for both Moulin Rouge, and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen. McGregor has also starred in productions of Guys and Dolls. He was ranked number 36 on Empire magazines The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list in 1997, in a 2004 poll for the BBC, McGregor was named the fourth most influential person in British culture. He has been involved in charity work and has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK since 2004, in 2016, he received the BAFTA Britannia Humanitarian Award. McGregor was born in Perth, Scotland and brought up in Crieff and his mother, Carol Diane, is a retired teacher of Crieff High School and latterly deputy head teacher of Kingspark School in Dundee. His father, James Charles Stewart Jim McGregor, is a physical education teacher and careers master of Morrisons Academy. He has a brother, Colin, who is a former Tornado GR4 pilot in the Royal Air Force. He is the nephew of actor Denis Lawson and actress Sheila Gish, McGregor attended the independent Morrisons Academy in Crieff. In 1993, six months prior to his graduation from Guildhall, the same year, he starred in the BBC adaptation of Scarlet and Black with a young Rachel Weisz, and made his film debut in Bill Forsyths Being Human. In 1994, McGregor performed in the thriller Shallow Grave, for which he won an Empire Award, and his international breakthrough followed in 1996 with the role of heroin addict Mark Renton in Boyles Trainspotting, an adaptation of Irvine Welshs novel of the same name. McGregor played the romantic lead role in the 1998 British film Little Voice. While the prequels received criticism from Star Wars fans, McGregors performance was widely acclaimed and his uncle, Denis Lawson, had played Wedge Antilles in the original trilogy. In 2001, he starred in Moulin Rouge, as the young poet Christian, who falls in love with the terminally-ill courtesan Satine, played by Nicole Kidman. McGregor reprised his role of Obi-Wan Kenobi for the subsequent prequel Star Wars, in 2003, he starred alongside Renée Zellweger in Down With Love. He also portrayed the younger Edward Bloom in the acclaimed film Big Fish alongside Albert Finney, Jessica Lange, Alison Lohman
Ewan McGregor
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McGregor in 2012
Ewan McGregor
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McGregor at the premiere of
The Men Who Stare at Goats at the
Toronto International Film Festival in September 2009
8.
William Shakespeare
–
William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the Bard of Avon and his extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays,154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright, Shakespeare was born and brought up in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children, Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a career in London as an actor, writer. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, at age 49, Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories, which are regarded as some of the best work ever produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, in his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and it was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as not of an age, but for all time. In the 20th and 21st centuries, his works have been adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship. His plays remain highly popular and are studied, performed. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden and he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April. This date, which can be traced back to an 18th-century scholars mistake, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616 and he was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son. At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, the consistory court of the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. The next day, two of Hathaways neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage, twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised 2 February 1585. Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 August 1596, after the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. The exception is the appearance of his name in the bill of a law case before the Queens Bench court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589
William Shakespeare
–
The
Chandos portrait, artist and authenticity unconfirmed.
National Portrait Gallery, London.
William Shakespeare
–
John Shakespeare's house, believed to be
Shakespeare's birthplace, in
Stratford-upon-Avon.
William Shakespeare
–
Shakespeare's coat of arms, as it appears on the rough draft of the application to grant a coat-of-arms to John Shakespeare. It features a spear as a
pun on the family name.
William Shakespeare
–
Shakespeare's funerary monument in Stratford-upon-Avon.
9.
EastEnders
–
EastEnders is a long running British soap opera created by Julia Smith and Tony Holland which has been broadcast on BBC One since 1985. Set in the East End of London in the fictional Bough of Walford the programme follows the stories of local residents, the series was initially screened as two 30-minute episodes per week however since 2001, episodes have been broadcast every day apart from Wednesdays and weekends. Same-day repeats and omnibus editions of the series were previously shown on BBC Three however as of 2016 these are broadcast on UK-based TV channel W. They gave the job of creating this new soap to script writer Tony Holland and producer Julia Smith and they created twenty-four original characters for the show, based upon Hollands own family, and people they remembered from their own experiences in the East End. Granada Television gave Smith unrestricted access to the Coronation Street production for a month so that she could get a sense how a continuing drama was produced and they cast actors for their characters, and began to film the show at BBC Elstree Centre in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. Julia Smith thought Eastenders looked ugly written down, and capitalised the second e, the central focus of EastEnders is the fictional Victorian square Albert Square in the fictional London Borough of Walford. In the shows narrative, Albert Square is a 19th-century street, named after Prince Albert, thus, central to Albert Square is The Queen Victoria Public House. Fans have tried to establish the location Walford would have within London if it were real, Walford has the postal district of E20. The postcode district was selected as if it were part of the actual E postcode area covers much of east London although the next unused postcode district in the area was. In 1917 the current postal districts in London were assigned according to the name of the main sorting office for each district. If Walford had been assigned in this scheme it would have been given E17, in March 2011, Royal Mail allocated the E20 postal district to the 2012 Olympic Park. The postal district in EastEnders was entirely fictional up to that point, the shows creators opted for E20 instead of E19 as it was thought to sound better. In September 2011 the postal code for Albert Square was revealed in an episode as E20 6PQ, there is also a market close to Fassett Square at Ridley Road. The postcode for the area, E8, was one of the titles for the series. The name Walford is both a street in Dalston where Tony Holland lived and a blend of Walthamstow and Stratford—the areas of Greater London where the creators were born, other parts of the Square and set interiors are based on other locations. The fictional local newspaper, the Walford Gazette, in local news events such as the arrests or murders of characters appear. EastEnders is built around the idea of relationships and strong families and this theme encompasses the whole Square, making the entire community a family of sorts, prey to upsets and conflict, but pulling together in times of trouble. Co-creator Tony Holland was from a large East End family, Pauline and Petes mother was the domineering Lou Beale, who lived with Pauline and her family
EastEnders
–
The Queen Victoria Public House (as it looked from November 1992 to September 2010) is the main focus point of Albert Square (pictured).
EastEnders
–
EastEnders
EastEnders
–
The cast of 1985
EastEnders
–
Dot Cotton,
Ethel Skinner and
Lou Beale were Walford's original pensioners.
10.
Byker Grove
–
Byker Grove is a British television series which aired between 1989 and 2006 and was created by Adele Rose. The show was broadcast at 5. 10pm after Newsround on CBBC on BBC One and it was aimed at an older teenager and young adult audience, tackling serious and sometimes controversial storylines. The show ran between 1989 and 2006, and was set in a club in the Byker district of Newcastle upon Tyne. Byker Grove was the idea of the TV executive Andrea Wonfor. In 1987, she approached soap writer Adele Rose, together they created a single pilot episode featuring children aged 8–11 at an out-of-school club. In autumn 1988, Wonfor gained the backing of Anna Home, Home gave the go ahead for a run of a series of six 25-minute episodes to be broadcast by the BBC. The age of the characters was raised to 12-16 after support from first producer-director. The first series therefore centred on young teenagers crossing the bridge from childhood to adulthood, although some of the action took place outside the youth club, the series was unusual among dramas in that the characters were rarely shown in school. One of the settings was the foster home run by the kindly but strict Lou Gallagher. Also appearing in the series was the now glamour model Francoise Boufhal and Charlie Hunnam, founder producer/director was Matthew Robinson who, after Byker Grove, became executive producer of EastEnders, Head of Drama BBC Wales and now runs Khmer Mekong Films in Cambodia. It was also home to such as Catherine Johnson and Matthew Graham. The first writer was Adele Rose - in Series 1 she wrote episodes 1–4 and 6, her daughter, Carrie Rose, the most prolific was Brian B. Thompson, who wrote 50 episodes over 12 series, Byker Grove gave Oscar-winning director Tom Hooper his first break into TV drama when he directed four episodes in 1997. Byker Grove was not filmed in the Byker area of Newcastle, the actual youth club set was in Benwell, which is in the west area of the City, Byker being in the east. Byker Metro station and other landmarks in the real Byker are used for filming backdrops, the youth club building which is what the viewers see on-screen, known as The Mitre used to be a nightclub and a pub. After the success of the 1st series, The Mitre was bought by the BBCs London property department which then granted Zenith Television a permanent licence to film the series there, the building housed the actual set, production offices, make up suite and costume department. Currently the property is semi-vacant, and the Zenith North Television signs have been removed outside the building, the final series started on 7 October 2006 on the CBBC Channel. Richard Deverell, head of CBBC, was interviewed on Newsround about the decision to axe Byker Grove, the eighteenth and last series of Byker Grove was produced by Tim Holloway, who also produced Casualty from 2000 until 2002
Byker Grove
–
Byker Grove
Byker Grove
–
The Mitre, also known as Benwell Towers, acted as the production offices and the fictional youth club.
11.
The Bill
–
The Bill is a British police procedural television series, first broadcast on ITV from 16 October 1984 until 31 August 2010. The programme originated from a drama, Woodentop, broadcast in August 1983. In its final year on air, The Bill was broadcast once a week, usually on Tuesdays or Thursdays, the programme focused on the lives and work of one shift of police officers, rather than on any particular aspect of police work. The Bill was the police procedural television series in the United Kingdom. The title originates from Old Bill, a term for the police. Although highly acclaimed by fans and critics, the series attracted controversy on several occasions, an episode broadcast in 2008 was criticised for featuring fictional treatment for multiple sclerosis. The series has faced more general criticism concerning its levels of violence, particularly prior to 2009. The Bill won several awards, including BAFTAs, a Writers Guild of Great Britain award and Best Drama at the Inside Soap Awards in 2009, throughout its twenty-seven-year run, the programme was always broadcast on the main ITV network. In later years, episodes of the show were repeated on ITV3 on their week of broadcast, the series has also been repeated on other digital stations, including Gold, Alibi, Watch, Dave and Drama. In March 2010, executives at ITV announced that the network did not intend to recommission The Bill, the last episode aired on 31 August 2010. The Bill was originally conceived by Geoff McQueen in 1983, then a new television writer. McQueen had originally titled the production Old Bill, the first episode of the full series was Funny Ol Business – Cops & Robbers. With serialisation, the name of the changed from Woodentop to The Bill. In its first four years the series was broadcast between July onwards each year, with a 12-week summer break from May until the next July. In 1998, The Bill returned to hour-long episodes, which later became twice-weekly, with the Friday episode, being dropped, at which point the series adopted a much more serialised approach. When Paul Marquess took over as producer in 2002, as part of a drive for ratings. Many veteran characters were written out, leading to the Sun Hill fire during 2002, Marquess stated that the clearout was necessary to introduce plausible, powerful new characters. As part of the new format, much more of the characters personal lives were explored, however, as Marquess put it
The Bill
–
An image from the final opening credits of The Bill
The Bill
–
Set of the CID office in the Merton studios (now
Wimbledon Studios)
The Bill
–
Metropolitan Police and station crest from the Sun Hill set
12.
Spooks (TV series)
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Spooks is a British television drama series that originally aired on BBC One from 13 May 2002 to 23 October 2011, consisting of 10 series. It is notable for various stylistic touches, and its use of popular guest actors, in the United States, the show is broadcast under the title MI-5. In Canada, the originally aired as MI5 but now airs on BBC Canada as Spooks. The series continued with a film, Spooks, The Greater Good, starring Matthew Macfadyen, Keeley Hawes, David Oyelowo, Jenny Agutter, and Peter Firth, the initial series of six one-hour episodes premiered 13 May 2002. The second episode gained notoriety for the violent killing of character Helen Flynn and he refused and she was killed. This provoked a reaction from many viewers who jammed BBC phone switchboards with complaints. With the success of the first series, a second, longer series of ten episodes was commissioned, new regular characters Sam Buxton and Ruth Evershed, were introduced in the first and second episodes respectively, while the series finale ended with a dramatic cliffhanger. The series averaged 7.1 million viewers, a third series of ten episodes was transmitted on BBC One in the spring of 2004 and concluded on 13 December. The first episode features Rupert Penry-Jones as Adam Carter, who was drafted in from MI6 to help investigate Toms disappearance and he later takes over Toms position as Section Chief after the latter jeopardised an important operation. In episode six, Zoe is taken to court for misconduct during an operation and is forced to leave MI5 and she is replaced by Adams wife, Fiona. In the series finale, Danny is killed while he and Fiona are being held hostage, audience figures dropped to a series average of 5.8 million viewers. The fourth series of Spooks began transmission on Monday 12 September 2005 on BBC One at 9 pm with the first of a two-part story, the next day the second episode was shown. The following week Spooks assumed a 9 pm Thursday slot, a break from the Monday 9 pm slot the previous series had traditionally occupied, once again, the series ran for ten episodes and averaged 6.05 million viewers, a notable increase on the previous series. The opening two-part episode introduces two new characters to the series, Zafar Younis, and Juliet Shaw. The storyline involves a terrorist bombing central London, something that, in reality, took place on 7 July, in episode seven, Fiona Carter leaves because the actress portraying her, Olga Sosnovska, was pregnant during filming and chose to leave the programme. In that story arc, Fiona attempts to kill her deranged ex-husband, however, her ex-husband ultimately abducts her and later shoots her dead in Adams presence during her attempted escape. Her character is replaced by Jo Portman, a new arrival at MI5 who was recruited by Adam in a previous episode, the fifth series of Spooks aired its first episode in two parts, the first appearing on 17 September 2006. In it, elements within the British Government, MI6 and the UK press conspire in an attempt to overthrow the Parliament and these elements agree that for Britain to survive the threats posed by modern-day terrorism, democracy had to be replaced with rule by committee
Spooks (TV series)
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Spooks
title sequence
13.
Red Cap (TV series)
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Red Cap is a British television drama series produced by Stormy Pictures for the BBC and broadcast on BBC One. Two series of six episodes each were produced following a feature length pilot and it featured the investigations of a British Army Special Investigation Branch unit of the Royal Military Police based in Germany. Ostensibly the lead character was Sergeant Jo McDonagh, played by Tamzin Outhwaite, training included unarmed combat, 9mm pistol training, driving, drill, and understanding the Armys labyrinthine hierarchical structure. Red Caps creator and writer, Emmy and Golden Globe nominee Patrick Harbinson, was in the army himself, with such experience, Patrick infuses Red Cap with a tangible sense of realism. JAG Red Cap at bbc. co. uk Red Cap at the Internet Movie Database Red Cap at the Internet Movie Database
Red Cap (TV series)
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Red Cap
14.
Bleak House (2005 TV serial)
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Bleak House is a fifteen-part BBC television drama serial adaptation of Charles Dickens novel Bleak House, which was originally published in 1852–53. Produced with an all-star cast, the serial was shown on BBC One from 27 October to 16 December 2005 and it has been reported that the total cost of the production was in the region of £8 million. Written by Andrew Davies, the serial was produced by Nigel Stafford-Clark, Sally Haynes and it was directed by Justin Chadwick and Susanna White. The longstanding estate battle of Jarndyce v Jarndyce hangs over the heads of many conflicting heirs, Lady Honoria Dedlock, married to the imperious baronet Sir Leicester, is also a possible beneficiary of the estate. Meanwhile, Richard and Ada are falling in love, Esther and the young doctor Allan Woodcourt are attracted to each other, but Esther feels unworthy and Allan accepts a commission as a navy physician. The law clerk Mr. Guppy, enamoured of Esther, hopes to win her affection by helping her discover the identity of her parents. Realizing that Esther is her daughter whom she was told had died — fathered by Hawdon before her current marriage — Lady Dedlock confesses to Esther, Esther is stricken by smallpox and nearly dies, she recovers but is terribly scarred. John proposes marriage to Esther, but though she accepts, he convinces her to keep it secret until she is sure it is what she wants, while amassing other enemies, Tulkinghorn deduces Lady Dedlocks secret and tries to use it to keep her in line. Tulkinghorn is murdered, with no shortage of suspects, Lady Dedlock is implicated, but Inspector Bucket reveals that her former maid Hortense is the murderess and had tried to frame Lady Dedlock. Richard and Ada are secretly married, but he is obsessed with the lawsuit, encouraged by Johns unscrupulous friend Harold Skimpole, as a result, Richard is penniless and his health is failing. Hawdons letters — written by a young Lady Dedlock and revealing her secret — find their way back into the hands of the moneylender Smallweed, who sells them to Sir Leicester. Guilty over her deception and not wanting to bring ruin to her husband and he has a massive heart attack but sends Bucket after her. Bucket eventually realizes where she must be — the graveyard where Hawdon is buried —, a final Jarndyce will is found that closes the case in favor of Richard and Ada, but the estate has been consumed by years of legal fees. Richard collapses, overcome by tuberculosis, and soon dies, Allan professes his love for Esther, who rebuffs him out of obligation to John, and a pregnant Ada returns to Bleak House. John releases Esther from their engagement, knowing that she really loves Allan, Esther and Allan marry, with all in attendance. The adaptation is eight hours in length, and covers most of the characters, the character of Clamb, clerk to the lawyer Tulkinghorn, was created by the screenwriter as a device for showing Tulkinghorns motives and deeds without recourse to a narrator. Most of the storylines are portrayed substantially as they are in the novel, the exceptions to this are in large part consequent to the aforementioned cull of minor characters. The storyline concerning Mrs. Snagsbys paranoid jealousy of her husband is omitted altogether, the serial was produced in-house by the BBC with some co-production funding from United States PBS broadcaster WGBH
Bleak House (2005 TV serial)
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Bleak House (2005)
15.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used
BBC
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BBC Television Centre at
White City, West London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013
BBC
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BBC Pacific Quay in
Glasgow, which was opened in 2007
BBC
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BBC New Broadcasting House, London which came into use during 2012–13.
BBC
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The headquarters of the BBC at
Broadcasting House in
Portland Place, London, England. This section of the building is called 'Old Broadcasting House'.
16.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcaster and television program distributor headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid 2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. Founded by Hartford N. Gunn Jr, in 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. Each station is charged with the responsibility of programming content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule
PBS
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PBS
17.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
18.
Masterpiece Theatre
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Masterpiece is a drama anthology television series produced by WGBH Boston. It premiered on Public Broadcasting Service on January 10,1971, the series has presented numerous acclaimed British productions. Many of these are produced by the BBC, but the line-up has also included programs shown on the commercial services ITV, Masterpiece is best known for presenting adaptations of novels and biographies, but it also shows original television dramas. The first title to air was The First Churchills, starring Susan Hampshire as Sarah Churchill, more recent popular titles include Prime Suspect, The Forsyte Saga, Sherlock, and Downton Abbey. The theme music played during the credits is the Fanfare-Rondeau from Symphonies and Fanfares for the Kings Supper by French composer Jean-Joseph Mouret. The theme was performed by Collegium Musicum de Paris and it was recorded in 1954 by Vogue Records in Paris, France, and was later remastered in stereo and re-released by Nonesuch records in the 1960s. In the late 1970s, the video switched to views of antique books. Many of which were featured on the program to date, in 1980, Masterpiece gained a sister series, Mystery. Featuring a mix of contemporary and classic British detective and crime series, such as The Inspector Lynley Mysteries, Agatha Christies Miss Marple, and Touching Evil. In 2000, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the show, it presented Masterpiece, The American Collection, nine works by American writers, including Thornton Wilders Our Town, starring Paul Newman. One of televisions most honored series, the shows aired on Masterpiece have garnered numerous Emmy Awards. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #3 in its list of the 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time, suggestions for the series format came from, among others, Frank Gillard in England and Christopher Sarson in the US. In looking for an underwriter for the series, Calderwood eventually met with Herb Schmertz of Mobil Corporation, Schmertz was able to gain funding for the show and he and several other men, including Frank Marshall, met in London and made a selection of programs to be broadcast. Decisions on the format of the show were finalized and the series premiered on Jan,10,1971, with the first episode of The First Churchills. The series was hosted by British/American broadcaster/journalist Alistair Cooke until 1992, from 2004 to 2008, it was broadcast without a host. The original series producer was Sarson and he was succeeded in 1973 by Joan Wilson. The current series producer, Rebecca Eaton, took over in 1985 after Wilsons death from cancer, in 2008, the word Theatre was dropped, and the show, officially known as Masterpiece, was split into three different sections. Masterpiece Classic was initially hosted by Gillian Anderson, the following year, Masterpiece Mystery. is hosted by Alan Cumming
Masterpiece Theatre
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Masterpiece
19.
The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)
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The Other Boleyn Girl is a 2008 historical drama film directed by Justin Chadwick. The screenplay by Peter Morgan was adapted from the 2001 novel of the name by Philippa Gregory. Production studio BBC Films also owns the rights to adapt the novel, The Boleyn Inheritance. King Henry VIIIs marriage to Catherine of Aragon does not produce a heir to the throne. Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and his brother in law Thomas Boleyn, plan to install Boleyns older daughter Anne Boleyn and they hope Anne will bear him a son. Annes mother, Lady Elizabeth Boleyn, is disgusted by the plot, Anne eventually agrees to please her father and uncle. Annes younger sister, Mary Boleyn, marries William Carey, even though his family had asked for Annes hand. While visiting the Boleyn estate, Henry is injured in an accident, indirectly caused by Anne. While in her care, Henry becomes smitten with her and invites her to court, Mary and her husband reluctantly agree, aware that the king has invited her because he desires her. Mary and Anne become ladies-in-waiting to Queen Catherine and Henry sends William Carey abroad on an assignment, separated from her husband, Mary finds herself falling in love with Henry. Anne secretly marries the nobleman Henry Percy, although he is betrothed to Lady Mary Talbot, Anne confides in her brother George Boleyn, who is overjoyed and proceeds to tell Mary. Fearing Anne will ruin the Boleyn family by marrying such a prominent earl without the consent, Mary alerts her father. They confront Anne, annul the marriage, and exile her to France and her family receives new grants and estates, their debts are paid, and Henry arranges Georges marriage to Jane Parker. When Mary nearly suffers a miscarriage, she is confined to bed until her child is born, Norfolk recalls Anne to England to keep Henrys attention from wandering to another rival. In her belief that Mary exiled her to increase her own status, Henry then has Mary sent to the country at Annes request. Anne encourages Henry to break from the Catholic Church when the Pope refuses to annul his marriage to Queen Catherine, Henry succumbs to Annes demands, declares himself Supreme Head of the Church of England, and gets Cardinal Thomas Wolsey to annul the marriage. Henry comes to Annes rooms but she refuses to have sex with him, a pregnant Anne marries Henry to please her family and becomes Queen of England. Despite the birth of a daughter, Elizabeth, Henry blames Anne for not producing a son
The Other Boleyn Girl (2008 film)
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Promotional film poster
20.
Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is one of the worlds leading film festivals and most reputable media events. It is held annually in Berlin, Germany, founded in West Berlin in 1951, the festival has been celebrated annually in February since 1978. With around 300,000 tickets sold and 500,000 admissions it is considered the largest publicly attended film festival based on actual attendance rates. Up to 400 films are shown in sections, representing a comprehensive array of the cinematic world. Around twenty films compete for the called the Golden and Silver Bears. Since 2001 the director of the festival has been Dieter Kosslick, the European Film Market, a film trade fair held simultaneously to the Berlinale, is a major industry meeting for the international film circuit. The trade fair serves distributors, film buyers, producers, financiers, the Berlinale Talent Campus, a week-long series of lectures and workshops, gathers young filmmakers from around the globe. It partners with the festival itself and is considered to be a forum for upcoming artists, the festival, the EFM and other satellite events are attended by around 20,000 professionals from over 130 countries. More than 4200 journalists are responsible for the exposure in over 110 countries. At high-profile feature film premieres, movie stars and celebrities are present at the red carpet, the Berlinale has established a cosmopolitan character integrating art, glamour, commerce and a global media attention. The Berlin International Film Festival was founded in West Berlin in 1951, alfred Hitchcock’s Rebecca opened the first Berlinale. Although the film had premiered in 1940, many Germans had been unable to watch it until after the war ended, since 1978 the festival has been celebrated annually in February. The next-to-most recent festival, the 66th Berlinale, was held from 11 February to 21 February 2016, meryl Streep presided over the international jury. Joel and Ethan Coens film Hail, Caesar. was selected to open the festival, the Golden Bear was awarded to the Italian documentary Fire at Sea, directed by Gianfranco Rosi. The 67th Berlin International Film Festival was held February 9 to February 19,2017, the festival is composed of seven different film sections. Films are chosen in each category by a director with the advice of a committee of film experts. Categories include, Competition, comprises feature-length films yet to be released outside their country of origin, films in the Competition section compete for several prizes, including the top Golden Bear for the best film and a series of Silver Bears for acting, writing and production. Panorama, comprises new independent and arthouse films that deal with controversial subjects or unconventional aesthetic styles, films in the category are intended to provoke discussion, and have historically involved themes such as LGBT issues
Berlin International Film Festival
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Berlinale Palace, the main venue at
Potsdamer Platz
Berlin International Film Festival
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Berlin International Film Festival
Berlin International Film Festival
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Venues of the festival are spread throughout the central city districts
Berlin International Film Festival
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The Berlinale Palast is the venue for the competition premieres
21.
Birdsong (TV series)
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Birdsong is a two-part 2012 television drama, based on the 1993 war novel Birdsong by Sebastian Faulks. It stars Eddie Redmayne as Stephen Wraysford and Clémence Poésy as Isabelle Azaire and was directed by Philip Martin based on a screenplay by Abi Morgan, the adaptation was produced by Working Title Films for the BBC and PBSs Masterpiece. It premiered in January 2012 in the United Kingdom and in April 2012 in the United States, the television adaptation differs from the novel in many respects, completely omitting the section set in the 1970s. Stephen and Isabelle run away together when their affair is discovered by her husband, Stephen recalls these events when he is badly wounded as a result of an encounter with German sappers when he and his own men accompany the British tunnellers of the Royal Engineers underground. Left for dead, he is discovered and saved by Jack Firebrace, in 1916, Stephen is reunited with Isabelle as a result of a chance meeting with her sister Jeanne, shortly before his battalion goes over the top in the Battle of the Somme. Upset by the encounter, he takes his fellow-officer, Weir, to a prostitute, Weir plays a much smaller role than he does in the novel. During the battle, Stephen is again wounded and loses many of his men, Firebrace, two years later, with the war drawing to a close, Stephens men are preparing another mining expedition. He meets Jeanne, who tells him that Isabelle has died and he is also disheartened by the death of his friend Weir, shot dead by a sniper. German miners, digging close by, lay a charge and Weirs men are unable to get out of the tunnel in time, Stephen and Firebrace are the only ones left alive, but their way out is blocked. They talk and share their experiences, Firebrace grieving for his son while Stephen confides in him that he has a daughter. Stephen finds some explosives and Firebrace, himself close to death, before Stephen completes the task, Firebrace dies. The explosion successfully clears a way out for Stephen, and he stumbles out of the mine to be confronted by two German soldiers, who tell him that the war is over. Whereas in the novel Stephen is terrified of birds, the adaptation does not explore this although birdsong is frequently heard. Working Title held the rights to the novel for many years. The name of screenwriter Andrew Davies was linked to the film, however, in September 2007 it was announced that Justin Chadwick would direct the film, with a screenplay by Morgan, to be filmed in 2008. In the end, the film was directed by Martin, shooting of war scenes took place near Gyúró, Hungary. Remains of the set can be seen on Google Maps, Birdsong at the Internet Movie Database Actors Clémence Poésy and Joseph Mawle, director Philip Martin and screenwriter Abi Morgan discuss Birdsong on BAFTA Guru. Episode 1 of Birdsong in the RadioTimes
Birdsong (TV series)
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Birdsong
22.
Jamaica Inn
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Jamaica Inn is a traditional inn on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Located just off the A30, near the middle of the close to the hamlet of Bolventor. The inn became a Grade II listed building in 1988, the hill named Tuber or Two Barrows,1,122 feet, is close-by. Jamaica Inn is on Bodmin Moor, near Bolventor, brown Willy is situated 4 miles to the north, while Rough Tor is nearby, as are the valleys of Hantergantick and Hannon. Dozmary Pool is situated 1.5 miles south of the inn, while a branch of the Fowey estuary is.5 miles to the west. Spread over 0.75 acres of land, the Jamaica Inn has been refurbished with a theme park face lift and functions as a bed and breakfast manor, with a pub, a museum. Bodmin is connected by road with St Austell, which is on the London-Penzance line, the farm where British astronomer John Couch Adams was born is nearby. Other landmarks include the Four-hole Cross, Peverells Cross, the entrenchment of Cardinkam Bun. Between the inn and Kilmarth, a house near Par, can be found hut circles, stone lines, though an inn has stood on the main road through the hamlet since 1547, the current building dates from 1750. The inn was built in 1750 and extended in 1778 with a house, stables. It is often thought that the inn takes its name from the smugglers who smuggled rum into the country from Jamaica. However, the name of the inn is said to derive from the important local Trelawney family of landowners. The inn became a stopping point while they used approximately 100 secret routes to move around their contraband. Originally, the house was alone on this part of the moor, but later a church, parsonage, and school were added by Mr. Kodd. According to narrated story, gangs of wreckers operated on the coast of Cornwall during early 19th century, Cornwall has been very aptly described as the haven of smugglers in view of its topographic features of rocky coves, sheltered bays, tumultuous waves and wild and untenanted landscapes. The wreckers ensnared ships to this coast line by tricking them with use of beacon lights, once the ships foundered on the rocky coast they were looted by the wreckers. By 1847, Francis Rodd of Trebartha Hall, who had been High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1845, was building a chapel at Bolventor to accommodate those who lived in the Jamaica Inn area. In 1865, Murray wrote that the inn was frequented in the winter by sportsmen, the current building still includes the extension of a coach house, stables and a tack room added in 1778
Jamaica Inn
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Jamaica Inn
Jamaica Inn
Jamaica Inn
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Exterior
Jamaica Inn
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Courtyard
23.
The First Grader
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The First Grader is a 2010 biographical drama film directed by Justin Chadwick. It stars Naomie Harris, Oliver Litondo, and Tony Kgoroge, in 2003, a disc jockey announces over a Kenyan radio station that the government is offering free primary school education to all natives who can prove citizenship with a birth certificate. Kimani Maruge, an 84-year-old villager, hears this and decides to take it himself to seek an education. Arriving at his school, he meets Jane Obinchu, the principal. He expresses his desire to learn how to read and her teaching colleague Alfred, ridicules him and demands he leave. Later, Jane informs her husband Charles about Maruge and he discourages her in supporting his educational endeavor. After beginning his initial classes, Maruge is plagued by memories of his service during the Mau Mau Uprising against the British in the 1950s and he begins to hallucinate and becomes confrontational with the students, struggling to continue his academics. Controversy begins to stir over Maruge’s education, soon enough, the story that an elderly man going to school becomes national headlines. Mr. Kipruto, a superintendent of the district, is alerted to the situation and strongly disapproves of Maruges predicament. Meeting with the head of the board to plead Maruge’s case. It is explained to her if a exception is made to keep Maruge in the school, others will follow. Maruge is forced to attend a learning centre, where he soon finds himself surrounded by people with no motivation or ambition to study. Maruge vows to never go back to the adult institution, Jane later decides to offer him a reprieve, to work as her teaching assistant. As Maruges story gains publicity and attention, the local press descend on the school, the villagers believe Jane and Maruge are seeking fame and fortune at the expense of the children. Following negative feedback and random acts of violence against the school, Jane reveals to Maruge that she is relocating, and then commences an emotional goodbye with the children. Following protests and disobedience on part of the students towards their new teacher, Jane is reinstated at the school, where Maruge and the children are there to welcome her. The films epilogue displays a series of graphics stating that at age 84, supplementally, he was invited to make a speech before international leaders at the UN in New York regarding the power of education. He inspired a new generation of people to go to school for the first time
The First Grader
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British release poster
24.
Tulip Fever
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Tulip mania or tulipomania was a period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for bulbs of the recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then suddenly collapsed. At the peak of tulip mania, in March 1637, some single tulip bulbs sold for more than 10 times the income of a skilled craftsman. The term tulip mania is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values, the 1637 event was popularized in 1841 by the book Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, written by British journalist Charles Mackay. According to Mackay, at one point 12 acres of land were offered for a Semper Augustus bulb, Mackay claims that many such investors were ruined by the fall in prices, and Dutch commerce suffered a severe shock. Although Mackays book is a classic, his account is contested, many modern scholars feel that the mania was not as extraordinary as Mackay described and argue that not enough price data are available to prove that a tulip bulb bubble actually occurred. Research is difficult because of the economic data from the 1630s—much of which come from biased. Some modern economists have proposed rational explanations, rather than a speculative mania, for the rise, for example, other flowers, such as the hyacinth, also had high initial prices at the time of their introduction, which immediately fell. The high asset prices may also have driven by expectations of a parliamentary decree that contracts could be voided for a small cost—thus lowering the risk to buyers. Tulip bulbs were soon distributed from Vienna to Augsburg, Antwerp and he planted his collection of tulip bulbs and found they were able to tolerate the harsher conditions of the Low Countries, shortly thereafter the tulip began to grow in popularity. The tulip was different from other flower known to Europe at that time. The appearance of the tulip as a status symbol at this time coincides with the rise of newly independent Hollands trade fortunes. No longer the Spanish Netherlands, its resources could now be channeled into commerce. Amsterdam merchants were at the center of the lucrative East Indies trade, as a result, tulips rapidly became a coveted luxury item, and a profusion of varieties followed. They were classified in groups, the tulips of red, yellow, or white were known as Couleren, the multicolored Rosen, Violetten, and the rarest of all. The multicolor effects of intricate lines and flame-like streaks on the petals were vivid and spectacular, growers named their new varieties with exalted titles. Many early forms were prefixed Admirael, often combined with the growers names, generael was another prefix used for around thirty varieties. Later varieties were given even more extravagant names, derived from Alexander the Great or Scipio, or even Admiral of Admirals, however, naming could be haphazard and varieties highly variable in quality. Most of these varieties have now died out, tulips grow from bulbs, and can be propagated through both seeds and buds
Tulip Fever
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A tulip, known as "the Viceroy" (viseroij), displayed in the 1637 Dutch catalog 'Verzameling van een Meenigte Tulipaanen'. Its bulb cost between 3,000 and 4,200
guilders (florins) depending on size (aase). A skilled craftsman at the time earned about 300 guilders a year.
Tulip Fever
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A Satire of Tulip Mania by
Jan Brueghel the Younger (ca. 1640) depicts speculators as brainless monkeys in contemporary upper-class dress. In a commentary on the economic folly, one monkey urinates on the previously valuable plants, others appear in debtor's court and one is carried to the grave.
Tulip Fever
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Anonymous 17th-century
watercolor of the Semper augustus, famous for being the most expensive tulip sold during tulip mania.
Tulip Fever
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Wagon of Fools by
Hendrik Gerritsz Pot, 1637. Followed by Haarlem weavers who have abandoned their looms, blown by the wind and flying a flag emblazoned with tulips,
Flora, goddess of flowers, her arms laden with tulips, rides to destroy the sea along with tipplers, money changers and the two-faced goddess Fortuna.
25.
The Observer
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The Observer is a British newspaper, published on Sundays. First published in 1791, it is the worlds oldest Sunday newspaper, the first issue, published on 4 December 1791 by W. S. Bourne, was the worlds first Sunday newspaper. Believing that the paper would be a means of wealth, Bourne instead soon found himself facing debts of nearly £1,600, though early editions purported editorial independence, Bourne attempted to cut his losses and sell the title to the government. When this failed, Bournes brother made an offer to the government, as a result, the paper soon took a strong line against radicals such as Thomas Paine, Francis Burdett and Joseph Priestley. In 1807, the decided to relinquish editorial control, naming Lewis Doxat as the new editor. Seven years later, the brothers sold The Observer to William Innell Clement, the woodcut pictures published of the stable and hayloft where the conspirators were arrested reflected a new stage of illustrated journalism that the newspaper pioneered during this time. Clement maintained ownership of The Observer until his death in 1852, during that time, the paper supported parliamentary reform, but opposed a broader franchise and the Chartist leadership. After Doxat retired in 1857, Clements heirs sold the paper to Joseph Snowe, under Snowe, the paper adopted a more liberal political stance, supporting the North during the American Civil War and endorsing universal manhood suffrage in 1866. These positions contributed to a decline in circulation during this time, in 1870, wealthy businessman Julius Beer bought the paper and appointed Edward Dicey as editor, whose efforts succeeded in reviving circulation. Though Beers son Frederick became the owner upon Juliuss death in 1880, henry Duff Traill took over the editorship after Diceys departure, only to be replaced in 1891 by Fredericks wife, Rachel Beer, of the Sassoon family. Though circulation declined during her tenure, she remained as editor for thirteen years, combining it in 1893 with the editorship of The Sunday Times, upon Fredericks death in 1901, the paper was purchased by the newspaper magnate Lord Northcliffe. After maintaining the editorial leadership for a couple of years. Garvin quickly turned the paper into an organ of political influence, yet the revival in the papers fortunes masked growing political disagreements between Garvin and Northcliffe. These disagreements ultimately led Northcliffe to sell the paper to William Waldorf Astor in 1911, during this period, the Astors were content to leave the control of the paper in Garvins hands. Under his editorship circulation reached 200,000 during the interwar years, politically the paper pursued an independent Tory stance, which eventually brought Garvin into conflict with Waldorfs more liberal son, David. Their conflict contributed to Garvins departure as editor in 1942, after which the paper took the step of declaring itself non-partisan. Ownership passed to Waldorfs sons in 1948, with David taking over as editor and he remained in the position for 27 years, during which time he turned it into a trust-owned newspaper employing, among others, George Orwell, Paul Jennings and C. A. Lejeune. Under Astors editorship The Observer became the first national newspaper to oppose the governments 1956 invasion of Suez, in 1977, the Astors sold the ailing newspaper to US oil giant Atlantic Richfield who sold it to Lonrho plc in 1981
The Observer
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The Observer
26.
IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database
IMDb
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Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
27.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
Virtual International Authority File
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Screenshot 2012
28.
Integrated Authority File
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The Integrated Authority File or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives, the GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero license, the GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format
Integrated Authority File
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GND screenshot
