1.
St. Louis
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St. Louis is an independent city and major U. S. port in the state of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. Prior to European settlement, the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture. The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau, in 1764, following Frances defeat in the Seven Years War, the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800. In 1803, the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase, during the 19th century, St. Louis developed as a major port on the Mississippi River. In the 1870 Census, St. Louis was ranked as the 4th-largest city in the United States and it separated from St. Louis County in 1877, becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries. In 1904, it hosted the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the Summer Olympics, the economy of metro St. Louis relies on service, manufacturing, trade, transportation of goods, and tourism. This city has become known for its growing medical, pharmaceutical. St. Louis has 2 professional sports teams, the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball, the city is commonly identified with the 630-foot tall Gateway Arch in Downtown St. Louis. The area that would become St. Louis was a center of the Native American Mississippian culture and their major regional center was at Cahokia Mounds, active from 900 AD to 1500 AD. Due to numerous major earthworks within St. Louis boundaries, the city was nicknamed as the Mound City and these mounds were mostly demolished during the citys development. Historic Native American tribes in the area included the Siouan-speaking Osage people, whose territory extended west, European exploration of the area was first recorded in 1673, when French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette traveled through the Mississippi River valley. Five years later, La Salle claimed the region for France as part of La Louisiane. The earliest European settlements in the area were built in Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River during the 1690s and early 1700s at Cahokia, Kaskaskia, migrants from the French villages on the opposite side of the Mississippi River founded Ste. In early 1764, after France lost the 7 Years War, Pierre Laclède, the early French families built the citys economy on the fur trade with the Osage, as well as with more distant tribes along the Missouri River. The Chouteau brothers gained a monopoly from Spain on the fur trade with Santa Fe, French colonists used African slaves as domestic servants and workers in the city. In 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, St. Louis was attacked by British forces, mostly Native American allies, the founding of St. Louis began in 1763. Pierre Laclede led an expedition to set up a fur-trading post farther up the Mississippi River, before then, Laclede had been a very successful merchant. For this reason, he and his trading partner Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent were offered monopolies for six years of the fur trading in that area
2.
Greater St. Louis
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Greater St. Louis is the metropolitan area that completely surrounds and includes the independent city of St. Louis. It includes parts of both the U. S. states of Missouri and Illinois, the city core is on the border to Illinois and collectively the two regions form the combined metropolitan area. St. Louis is the largest metro area in Missouri, and is the second largest in Illinois, St. Louis County is independent of the city of St. Louis and their two populations are generally tabulated separately. Depending on the counties included in the area, it can refer to the St. Louis, MO-IL metropolitan statistical area or the St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL combined statistical area. The CSA includes all of the MSA listed above and the Farmington, MO micropolitan statistical area, which includes Washington and St. Francois Counties. The CSA was the 19th largest in the United States in 2015, with a population of 2,916,447, while the MSA was the 20th largest in the country that year with a population of 2,811,588. The region is home to nine Fortune 500 companies, Express Scripts, Emerson Electric, Monsanto, Reinsurance Group of America, Centene, Peabody Energy, Ameren, Graybar Electric, the area received the All-America City Award in 2008. The nearby Hannibal–Quincy micropolitan areas are not located within the metropolitan. According to the 2010 United States Census, in Greater St. Louis there were 2,787,701 people living in 1,143,001 households, of which 748,892 households were families. In 2010,98.2 percent of Greater St. Louis was of one race,72,797 residents or 2.5 percent were Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race. As of 2010, the age for Greater St. Louis is 38.2. As of 2010, Greater St. Louis included 1,264,680 housing units,3.3 percent or 41,884 units were vacant and not for sale or rent. Of the occupied housing units,70.6 percent or 807,431 were owner-occupied with 2,075,622 occupants,29.4 percent or 335,570 units were rented with 739,749 occupants. In 2010, the income for a household in the St. Louis metro was $50,900. Transportation in Greater St. Louis includes road, rail, parts of Greater St. Louis also support a public transportation network that includes bus and light rail service. Education in Greater St. Louis is provided by more than two dozen public school districts, independent private schools, parochial schools, and several public library systems, Greater St. Louis also is home to more than thirty colleges and universities. Several Missouri state parks in the region and parks owned by St. Louis County are larger than 1,000 acres, while one park in the city of St. Louis, Forest Park, the 2014 Gross Metropolitan Product of St. Louis was $145.958 billion. That makes St. Louis the 21st highest GMP in the United States, Greater St. Louis has more than 1.3 million non-farm workers, representing roughly 15 percent of the non-farm workforce of Missouri and Illinois combined
3.
Slogan
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The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
4.
Frequency
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Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, for example, if a newborn babys heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period—the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as vibrations, audio signals, radio waves. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, in physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics, acoustics, and radio, frequency is usually denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν. For a simple motion, the relation between the frequency and the period T is given by f =1 T. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, a previous name for this unit was cycles per second. The SI unit for period is the second, a traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. As a matter of convenience, longer and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. Y = sin = sin d θ d x = k Wavenumber, in the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has a relationship to the wavelength. Even in dispersive media, the frequency f of a wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum, then v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and this expression becomes, f = c λ. When waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their remains the same—only their wavelength. For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is, the latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count. This is called gating error and causes an error in the calculated frequency of Δf = 1/, or a fractional error of Δf / f = 1/ where Tm is the timing interval. This error decreases with frequency, so it is a problem at low frequencies where the number of counts N is small, an older method of measuring the frequency of rotating or vibrating objects is to use a stroboscope
5.
Hertz
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The hertz is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units and is defined as one cycle per second. It is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, the first person to provide proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz are commonly expressed in SI multiples kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, kilo means thousand, mega meaning million, giga meaning billion and tera for trillion. Some of the units most common uses are in the description of waves and musical tones, particularly those used in radio-. It is also used to describe the speeds at which computers, the hertz is equivalent to cycles per second, i. e. 1/second or s −1. In English, hertz is also used as the plural form, as an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed, commonly used multiples are kHz, MHz, GHz and THz. One hertz simply means one cycle per second,100 Hz means one hundred cycles per second, and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz, the rate of aperiodic or stochastic events occur is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second in general or, the specific case of radioactive decay, becquerels. Whereas 1 Hz is 1 cycle per second,1 Bq is 1 aperiodic radionuclide event per second, the conversion between a frequency f measured in hertz and an angular velocity ω measured in radians per second is ω =2 π f and f = ω2 π. This SI unit is named after Heinrich Hertz, as with every International System of Units unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case. Note that degree Celsius conforms to this rule because the d is lowercase. — Based on The International System of Units, the hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz, who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism. The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1930, the term cycles per second was largely replaced by hertz by the 1970s. One hobby magazine, Electronics Illustrated, declared their intention to stick with the traditional kc. Mc. etc. units, sound is a traveling longitudinal wave which is an oscillation of pressure. Humans perceive frequency of waves as pitch. Each musical note corresponds to a frequency which can be measured in hertz. An infants ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, the range of ultrasound, infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtoHz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation is measured in kilohertz, megahertz, or gigahertz
6.
HD Radio
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It was selected by the U. S. It is officially known as NRSC-5, with the latest version being NRSC-5-C, other digital radio systems include FMeXtra, Digital Audio Broadcasting, Digital Radio Mondiale, and Compatible AM-Digital. Although HD Radio broadcastings content is currently subscription-free, listeners must purchase new receivers in order to receive the portion of the signal. As of May 2009, there were stations in the world on the air with HD Radio technology than any other digital radio technology. More than 1,700 stations covering approximately 84% of the United States are broadcasting with this technology, according to iBiquitys website, the HD is simply a brand name and has no meaning. There is no connection with television, although like digital television the HD Radio specification provides enhanced capabilities over the analog format. Thus, there is no deadline by which consumers must buy an HD Radio receiver, in addition, there are many more analog AM/FM radio receivers than there were analog televisions, and many of these are car stereos or portable units that cannot be upgraded. Digital information is transmitted using OFDM with a compression algorithm called HDC. The cost of converting a radio station can run between $100,000 and $200,000, if the primary digital signal is lost the HD Radio receiver will revert to the analog signal, thereby providing seamless operation between the newer and older transmission methods. The extra HD-2 and HD-3 streams are not simulcast on analog, alternatively the HD Radio signal can revert to a more-robust 20 kilobit per second stream, though the sound is reduced to AM-like quality. Datacasting is also possible, with metadata providing song titles or artist information, by using spectral band replication the HDC+SBR codec is able to simulate the recreation of sounds up to 15,000 Hz, thus achieving moderate quality on the bandwidth-tight AM band. The HD Radio AM hybrid mode offers two options which can carry approximately 40 or 60 kbit/s of data, but most AM digital stations default to the more-robust 40 kbit/s mode which features redundancy. HD Radio also provides a digital mode, which lacks an analog signal for fallback. The pure digital mode transmissions will stay within the AM stations channel instead of spilling into the next to the station transmitting HD radio as the hybrid stations do. The AM version of HD Radio technology uses the 20 kHz channel, when operating in pure digital mode, the AM HD Radio signal fits inside a standard 20 kHz channel or an extended 30 kHz channel, at the discretion of the station manager. As AM radio stations are spaced at 9 kHz or 10 kHz intervals, some nighttime listeners have expressed concern this design harms reception of adjacent channels with one formal complaint filed regarding the matter, WYSL owner Bob Savage against WBZ in Boston. The HD Radio also provides several digital modes with up to 300 kbit/s bitrate. Like AM, pure digital FM provides a fallback condition where it reverts to a more robust 25 kbit/s signal, FM stations have the option to subdivide their datastream into sub-channels of varying audio quality
7.
Repeater
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In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast a signal, but alter its method of transmission, for example. A broadcast relay station is a used in broadcast radio. When an information-bearing signal passes through a channel, it is progressively degraded due to loss of power. The longer the wire is, the power is lost. So with a long enough wire the call will not be audible at the other end, similarly, the farther from a radio station a receiver is, the weaker the radio signal, and the poorer the reception. A repeater is a device in a communication channel that increases the power of a signal and retransmits it. Since it amplifies the signal, it requires a source of electric power, the term repeater originated with telegraphy in the 19th century, and referred to an electromechanical device used to regenerate telegraph signals. Use of the term has continued in telephony and data communications and this is used to increase the range of telephone signals in a telephone line. They are most frequently used in trunklines that carry long distance calls, since the telephone is a duplex communication system, the wire pair carries two audio signals, one going in each direction. So telephone repeaters have to be bilateral, amplifying the signal in both directions without causing feedback, which complicates their design considerably, telephone repeaters were the first type of repeater and were some of the first applications of amplification. The development of telephone repeaters between 1900 and 1915 made long distance phone service possible, however most telecommunications cables are now fiber optic cables which use optical repeaters. Submarine cable repeater This is a type of telephone used in underwater submarine telecommunications cables. This is used to increase the range of signals in a fiber optic cable, digital information travels through a fiber optic cable in the form of short pulses of light. The light is made up of particles called photons, which can be absorbed or scattered in the fiber, however, optical amplifiers are being developed for repeaters to amplify the light itself without the need of converting it to an electric signal first. Some repeaters have been powered by light energy transmitted down the fiber with the signal and this is used to extend the range of coverage of a radio signal. A radio repeater usually consists of a receiver connected to a radio transmitter
8.
KEZK-FM
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KEZK-FM is an adult contemporary formatted radio station licensed to St. Louis, Missouri. The station serves the city of St. Louis as well as its suburbs in Missouri, the station is owned by CBS Radio. The station is also broadcast on HD radio, the stations studios are in downtown St. Louis on Olive Street, while its transmitter is located in Shrewsbury. KEZKs HD2 subchannel broadcasts The Spirit, a contemporary Christian music format which includes faith-based music from mainstream artists along with artists from the contemporary Christian genre, the Spirit is also available online on the stations website. The Spirit is programmed by longtime on-air personality Stel Pontikes, KEZK first went on-the-air as an easy-listening music station owned by Heftel Broadcasting in June 1973. Prior to that, the frequency had been occupied by listener-supported KDNA, in 1991, KEZK shifted from the instrumental-based easy listening format to a soft adult contemporary format, playing music mostly from the 1970s and 1980s as well as some current soft hits. Jeff Kapugi became KEZKs Program Director in November 2010, replacing Mark Edwards, the current program director is Marty Linck. On December 27,2010, the station rebranded from Soft Rock 102.5 KEZK to Fresh 102.5, adopting the brand used on sister CBS stations WWFS New York, WCFS-FM Chicago and WIAD Washington, D. C. On May 26,2015, at 7,05 AM, after stunting that weekend with 1980s music, KEZK dropped the Fresh handle, rebranding as 102.5 KEZK, Todays Hits and Yesterdays Favorites. The first song on 102.5 KEZK was P. Y. T. by Michael Jackson, while many AC stations have moved more contemporary, KEZK continues to play artists from the 1980s, such Michael Jackson, Madonna, Billy Joel and Hall & Oates. The station features a lunch hour and runs occasional 1980s weekends. In 2007, the station was nominated for the top 25 markets Adult Contemporary station of the award by Radio & Records magazine. Other nominees included WMJX in Boston, KOST in Los Angeles, WALK-FM in Nassau, New York, WLTW in New York, the morning show features Greg Hewitt with traffic from Sue Thomas. Other on-air hosts include Trish Gazall, Marty Linck with traffic from Sue Thomas, weekends include Elaine Everett, Jackie McCoy, Curt Allen, and Sabrina. KEZK airs the syndicated John Tesh radio show on Sunday mornings from 7-10am, KEZK had aired the syndicated Delilah 7pm-12am nightly until May 2012, when the station discontinued the program. KEZK official website CBS Radio website Query the FCCs FM station database for KEZK Radio-Locator information on KEZK Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KEZK
9.
Call sign
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In broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign is a unique designation for a transmitter station. In North America, they are used for all FCC licensed transmitters, a call sign can be formally assigned by a government agency, informally adopted by individuals or organizations, or even cryptographically encoded to disguise a stations identity. The use of signs as unique identifiers dates to the landline railroad telegraph system. Because there was only one line linking all railroad stations. In order to time, two-letter identifiers were adopted for this purpose. This pattern continued in operation, radio companies initially assigned two-letter identifiers to coastal stations and stations aboard ships at sea. These were not globally unique, so a company identifier was later added. Merchant and naval vessels are assigned call signs by their national licensing authorities, in the case of states such as Liberia or Panama, which are flags of convenience for ship registration, call signs for larger vessels consist of the national prefix plus three letters. United States merchant vessels are given call signs beginning with the letters W or K while US naval ships are assigned callsigns beginning with N, leisure craft with VHF radios may not be assigned call signs, in which case the name of the vessel is used instead. Ships in the US wishing to have a radio licence anyway are under F. C. C, class SA, Ship recreational or voluntarily equipped. Those calls follow the land mobile format of the initial letter K or W followed by 1 or 2 letters followed by 3 or 4 numbers. U. S. Coast Guard small boats have a number that is shown on both bows in which the first two digits indicate the length of the boat in feet. For example, Coast Guard 47021 refers to the 21st in the series of 47 foot motor lifeboats, the call sign might be abbreviated to the final two or three numbers during operations, for example, Coast Guard zero two one. Call signs in aviation are derived from several different policies, depending upon the type of flight operation, in most countries, unscheduled general aviation flights identify themselves using the call sign corresponding to the aircrafts registration number. In this case, the sign is spoken using the International Civil Aviation Organization phonetic alphabet. Aircraft registration numbers internationally follow the pattern of a country prefix, for example, an aircraft registered as N978CP conducting a general aviation flight would use the call sign November-niner-seven-eight-Charlie-Papa. However, in the United States a pilot of an aircraft would normally omit saying November, at times, general aviation pilots might omit additional preceding numbers and use only the last three numbers and letters. This is especially true at uncontrolled fields when reporting traffic pattern positions, for example, Skyhawk eight-Charlie-Papa, left base
10.
Kirkwood, Missouri
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Kirkwood is an inner-ring suburb of St. Louis located in St. Louis County, Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 27,540. Founded in 1853, the city is named after James P. Kirkwood and it was the first planned suburb located west of the Mississippi River. Plans for a new community close to St. Louis began following the St. Louis Fire, Kirkwood was the first suburban municipality built outside of the St. Louis City boundaries. Hiram W. Leffingwell and Richard Smith Elliott bought land 14 miles from downtown in 1850 at about the same time James P. Kirkwood was laying out a route for the Pacific Railroad. Kirkwood was platted in 1852, and named for James P. Kirkwood, when the railroad reached the community in 1853, the developers sold lots for the Kirkwood Association. Other Leffingwell developments were to include the construction of Grand Avenue, the original town plat including quarter section blocks and families could be a block estate of 5 acres. The train station of Richardsonian Romanesque style was built in 1893, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it has become a symbol of the town. It is the station stop that Amtrak makes in the St. Louis metropolitan area outside the central city. Among the four buildings in Kirkwood listed on the NRHP is a Frank Lloyd Wright house in Ebsworth Park Foundation. In 1895 the Meramec Highlands resort was built on the bluffs above the Meramec River, the Greentree Festival is held every September. The Greentree Festival has many things to do such as arts and crafts for kids, Greentree has been a tradition for over 50 years. Since 1961, it has held in Kirkwood Park. The festival consists of a parade and a held in Kirkwood park. The festival was created to replace the drought-stricken trees in the park. The 100th anniversary game was in 2007, the winner of the Turkey Day Game receives the Frisco Bell, while the loser gets the Little Brown Jug. The Kirkwood Farmers Market was founded in 1976 and it is an outdoor market that has a variety of homegrown vegetables and fruits. There are more than 300 local businesses that contribute to the market, the Magic House, St. Louis Childrens Museum in Kirkwood has become a popular family attraction for the region
11.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
12.
CBS News Radio
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CBS Radio News, historically known as the CBS Radio Network, provides news to more than 1,000 radio stations throughout the United States. The network is owned by CBS Corporation, it is the last of the three original national U. S. radio networks owned by its parent company. CBS Radio News is one of the programming services distributed by Westwood One, the network is the oldest unit of the CBS Corporation and traces its roots to CBSs predecessor, United Independent Broadcasters, founded in 1927 with 47 affiliates. The next year, Columbia Records invested in the radio network, eventually, Columbia pulled its backing from the struggling web. William S. Paley bought a half-interest in what became the Columbia Broadcasting System in 1928, for more about the networks history, see CBS. Louis, KRLD in Dallas and WCCO in Minneapolis and its offerings include the top-of-the-hour newscasts and the half-hour news updates. In addition to the product, reports and actualities are made available to affiliates on its Newsfeeds. Newsfeeds are subscribed heavily to by WCBS, KYW and other top outlets, among its on-air programs are the CBS News-on-the-Hour and the morning Osgood File features with Charles Osgood. The network is home to the morning and evening editions of the CBS World News Roundup, steve Kathan anchors the morning show, while Bill Whitney hosts the evening edition. The daily Roundup dates back to a special on March 13,1938, each Friday, the network also produces the CBS News Weekend Roundup, a look at the top stories of the week, hosted by Dan Raviv, with a commentary from Charles Grodin. CBS Radio has an impressive list of reporters around the world including Barry Bagnato, Mark Knoller, Pam Coulter, Sabina Castelfranco, Robert Berger, Cami McCormick, Logan also reports for CBS Television, and many TV correspondents also appear on CBS Radio newscasts. In 2009, CBS launched a late night talk program hosted by Jon Grayson. CBS themselves handle the syndication of Graysons show, while syndication for Smerconishs show to non-CBS stations has been outsourced to Dial Global. Graysons show, Overnight America, also entered national syndication via Dial Global on January 30,2012, meanwhile, Smerconish discontinued the morning show in 2011. Three of CBSs television programs are currently simulcast on CBS Radio News, those are Face the Nation,60 Minutes, in addition, the Late Show with David Letterman Top Ten List was also broadcast by the network in a short-form-feature format until the shows conclusion in 2015. Other public-affairs features include CBS Healthwatch with Dr. Emily Senay, Raising Our Kids with WCBS morning anchor Pat Carroll, CBS has since announced plans to launch CBS Sports Radio in fall 2012 through a rival network, Cumulus Media Networks. During the overnight hours, CBSN carries a video simulcast of CBS Radio Newss top-of-the-hour reports, while the networks World News Roundup is the longest-running news show on radio or TV in the U. S. On February 2,2017, CBS Corporation announced that it had agreed to sell its radio unit with Entercom and it was not specified whether or not CBS Radio News was included in the sale
13.
Westwood One (current)
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Westwood One, owned and operated by Cumulus Media, is an American mass media company headquartered in New York, New York, specializing in radio syndication and audio content. As the radio network and national brand of Cumulus, Westwood One distributes hundreds of programs to radio stations, the company was, at various times, managed by CBS Radio, the radio arm of CBS Corporation and Viacom. It was later purchased by the equity firm The Gores Group. In September 2013, Dial Global rebranded under the name Westwood One and announced an agreement with Cumulus Media. Westwood One now includes the network of Westwood One and Cumulus Media Networks. The company takes its name from a network also named Westwood One. Dial Global was founded as X Radio Networks, a division of Excelsior Radio Networks and it merged with Dial Communications and Global Media in 2006, from which it derived the Dial Global name. Dial Global initially specialized in syndicated weekend music programs of various types, in 2007 it acquired the former Transtar Radio Networks from the original Westwood One. Triton Media Group, a subsidiary of Oaktree Capital Management, purchased Excelsior in early 2008, triton used the Dial Global name for all of its programming and later bought the remainder of Westwood One in 2011, folding it into its Dial Global subsidiary. Dial Global began exhibiting signs of distress in late 2012. It simultaneously announced that it had filed for delisting from NASDAQ, at the time of the announcement, Dial Global stock was trading at $2.00 a share, by mid-January 2013, DGs stock was trading at.30 a share. In a SEC 8-K filing dated January 15,2013, DG announced that it had extended a loan agreement with certain lenders. On August 29,2013, it was announced by The Wall Street Journal that Cumulus Broadcasting will be purchasing Dial Global. Cumulus will be paying $260 million in cash for this programming syndication service, to fund that sale, Cumulus will make a pair of station deals with Townsquare Media, Oaktree Capital Managements radio station ownership division. On September 4,2013, Dial Global announced that - as of that day - the company was renaming itself Westwood One. Both transactions on the Cumulus-Townsquare deal were closed on November 14,2013, the companys numerous acquisitions prompted rival Talk Radio Network to file an antitrust lawsuit against what was then Dial Global in August 2012. Cumulus settled the lawsuit with TRN on amicable terms in March 2014, which was followed by TRN filing another lawsuit over the issue in April 2016
14.
KMOV
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KMOV, virtual channel 4, is a CBS–affiliated television station located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The station is owned by the Meredith Corporation, KMOV maintains studio and office facilities located at the Gateway Tower at 1 Memorial Drive in Downtown St. Louis, near the Gateway Arch, and its transmitter is located in Lemay. The station first signed on the air on July 8,1954 as KWK-TV, at its launch, channel 4 was owned by a consortium which included Robert T. Each of the stations part-owners had competed individually for the channel 4 construction permit before agreeing to merge their interests only three months before the station went on the air, upon signing-on KWK-TV took the CBS affiliation from Belleville, Illinois-licensed WTVI. Until 1955, it also aired ABC programs that WTVI declined to broadcast, the stations original studios, built by KWK radio in anticipation of television, were located on Cole Street in Downtown West. However, CBS was planning to operate its own station in St. Louis alongside its powerhouse radio station. The network originally won the permit to build a new station on channel 11 – the last remaining commercial VHF channel in St. Louis – in January 1957. But after being approached with an offer, CBS decided in August of that year to buy KWK-TV instead for $4 million. Almost immediately, the deal was held up after the St. Louis Amusement Company, another of the applicants for channel 11. The U. S. Supreme Court ultimately upheld the decision in November of that year, CBS had already taken control of channel 4s operations that March, and changed its call letters to KMOX-TV in reference to its new radio sister. The following April, channel 11 signed on as independent station KPLR-TV, in July 1968, CBS opened a new studio and office facility in downtown St. Louis to house the KMOX stations, which until that point had been operating from separate locations. By late 1985, CBS was in financial straits, an after-effect of successfully fending off a hostile takeover attempt by Ted Turner the year before. CBS spent the latter portion of 1985 repurchasing a large portion of its stock to help block the Turner takeover, once Turner sold his stock, CBS was saddled with significant debt and needed to raise money. Not long after Laurence Tisch became the chairman, CBS decided to sell KMOX-TV. On May 16,1986, former CBS subsidiary and future parent company Viacom completed its $122.5 million purchase of the station and slightly modified its callsign to KMOV almost a month later on June 18. Despite the sale, channel 4s operations continued to be based alongside KMOX radio at their studios on Memorial Drive. As a CBS-owned station, channel 4 cleared the entire network schedule, when Viacom took over in 1986, this changed rather drastically. KMOV began signing off the air at night, thus preempting the overnight news program CBS News Nightwatch, a barrage of scattered primetime preemptions later followed that was so rampant, the station earned a mention in Ken Aulettas 1991 book, Three Blind Mice
15.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
16.
St. Louis Cardinals
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The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball as a club of the National League Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006, with origins as one of the early professional baseball clubs in St. Upon the discontinuation of the AA, St. Louis joined the NL in 1892, at time, they were called the Browns. One of the most successful franchises in history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history, in addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, the Cardinals have won 105 or more games in four different seasons and won 100 or more a total of nine times. Cardinals players have won 20 league MVPs, four batting Triple Crowns, and three Cy Young Awards. Baseball Hall of Fame inductees include Lou Brock, Dizzy Dean, Bob Gibson, Whitey Herzog, Rogers Hornsby, Joe Medwick, Stan Musial, Branch Rickey, Red Schoendienst, Ozzie Smith, and Bruce Sutter. In 2016, Forbes valued the Cardinals at $1.6 billion, making them the 7th-most valuable franchise in MLB, their revenue the year was $300 million. Since their purchase in 1995, owner William DeWitt, Jr. s investment group has seen enormous growth from the $147 million purchase price, John Mozeliak is the general manager and Mike Matheny is the manager. Professional baseball began in St. Louis with the inception of the Brown Stockings in the National Association in 1875, the NA folded following that season, and the next season, St. Louis joined the National League as a charter member, finishing in third place at 45-19. George Bradley hurled the first no-hitter in Major League history, the NL expelled St. Louis from the league after 1877 due to a game-fixing scandal and the team went bankrupt. Without a league, they continued play as a barnstorming team through 1881. For the 1882 season, Chris von der Ahe purchased the team, reorganized it, and made it a member of the American Association. 1882 is generally considered to be the first year existence of the St. Louis Cardinals, the next season, St. Louis shortened their name to the Browns. Soon thereafter they became the dominant team in the AA, as manager Charlie Comiskey guided St. Louis to four pennants in a row from 1885 to 1888. Pitcher and outfielder Bob Caruthers led the league in ERA and wins in 1885 and he also led the AA in OBP and OPS in 1886 and finished fourth in batting average in 1886 and fifth in 1887
17.
St. Louis Blues
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The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team in St. Louis, Missouri. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, the team is named after the famous W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues, and plays in the 19, the franchise was founded in 1967 as an expansion team during the leagues original expansion from six to 12 teams. The Blues are the oldest NHL team never to have won the Stanley Cup, the Blues were one of the six teams added to the NHL in the 1967 expansion, along with the Minnesota North Stars, Los Angeles Kings, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins and California Seals. St. Louis was the last of the six teams to gain entry into the League. The Black Hawks were owned by the influential Wirtz family of Chicago, which also owned the decrepit St. Louis Arena. The Wirtzes sought to unload the arena, which had not been well-maintained since the 1940s, and thus pressed the NHL to give the franchise to St. Louis, which had not submitted a formal expansion bid. NHL President Clarence Campbell said during the 1967 expansion meetings that, We want a team in St. Louis because of the geographical location. The teams first owners were insurance tycoon Sid Salomon Jr. his son, Sid Salomon III, and Robert L. Wolfson, Sid Salomon III convinced his initially wary father to make a bid for the team. Garagnani would never see the Blues franchise take the ice, as he died from an attack on June 19,1967. Upon acquiring the franchise in 1966, Salomon then spent several million dollars on extensive renovations for the 38-year-old arena, the Blues were originally coached by Lynn Patrick, who resigned in late November after recording a 4–13–2 record. He was replaced by Assistant Coach Scotty Bowman, who led the team to a winning record for the rest of the season. Although the Leagues rules effectively kept star players with the six teams. Phil Goyette won the Lady Byng Trophy for the Blues in 1970, the arena quickly became one of the loudest buildings in the NHL, a reputation it maintained throughout its tenure as the Blues home. During that time, Salomon gained a reputation throughout the NHL as the top players owner and he gave his players cars, signed them to deferred contracts and treated them to vacations in Florida. The players, used to being treated like mere commodities, felt the way they could pay him back was to give their best on the ice every night. The Blues successes in the late 1960s, however, did not continue into the 1970s, as the Stanley Cup playoff format changed, defensively, however, the Blues were less than stellar and saw Chicago and the Philadelphia Flyers overtake the Division. After missing the playoffs for the first time in 1973–74, the Blues ended up in the Smythe Division after a League realignment
18.
Entercom
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Entercom is a publicly traded American broadcasting company based in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1968, it is the fourth-largest radio company in the United States, joseph M. Field founded Entercom on October 21,1968, on the conviction that FM broadcasting, then in its infancy, would eventually surpass AM broadcasting as the leading radio band. Entercom took advantage of the change to expand its presence in the markets where it already operated. In April 1995, the company paid $24.5 million for three stations in Portland, Oregon, acquiring KGON, a rock station, KFXX, an all-sports station, and KMUZ-FM. He was appointed President and CEO in 2002, over the years, Field has been frequently interviewed in Billboard magazine about various radio industry topics. In January 1999, Entercom went public in an IPO in which it raised around $236 million, in July 1999, the company purchased 43 radio stations from Sinclair Broadcast Group for $821.5 million in cash. It was Entercoms largest deal to date, the deal included stations in eight markets, Kansas City, MO. Milwaukee, New Orleans, LA, Memphis, TN, the deal more than doubled both the number of stations under the companys control, and the number of markets in which it had stations. The acquisition made Entercom the fifth-largest radio broadcaster in the United States and that year, Entercom announced that it would direct its radio stations not to play songs that promoted violence. On August 21,2006, Entercom agreed to buy 15 mid-market stations from CBS Radio, locations included Austin, TX, Cincinnati, OH, Memphis, TN, and Rochester, NY. However, due to ownership limitations set by the FCC, Entercom had to sell off three of its stations in the Rochester market, these were acquired by Stephens Media Group, a year later, Entercom was investigated for payola and fined $4.45 million by the FCC. In 2007, Entercom station KDND was sued after a participant in a Hold Your Wee For a Wii contest held by the morning show died of water intoxication. In May 2014, Entercom announced its launch of SmartReach Digital product line focused on creating digital marketing options for small, the stations Entercom exchanged with Bonneville were KOSI-FM, KYGO-FM, KKFN-FM and KEPN-AM. Entercom previously owned KOSI-FM, while the stations were acquired through the acquisition of LFM. Entercom and Bonneville began operating the stations under time brokerage agreement once the LFM transaction was completed. In November 2015, the deal was closed successfully. In October 2016, Entercom announced that it would acquire four radio stations in Charlotte, North Carolina, the deal closed in January,2017 and WBT AM/FM, WLNK-FM and WFNZ-AM joined Entercom. On February 2,2017, Entercom announced that it had agreed to merge with CBS Radio, the purchase will give Entercom operations in 23 of the top 25 markets, and make it the second-largest owner of radio stations in the United States, behind only iHeartMedia
19.
KYKY
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KYKY is an FM radio station serving the St. Louis, Missouri radio market. The current format of the station is Hot Adult Contemporary, KYKY is owned by CBS Radio, which also owns soft rock station KEZK-FM and the markets dominant news, talk and sports station, KMOX-AM. KYKY operates from studios located on Market Street, and transmits from an FM radio tower in Shrewsbury. KYKY began as KSTL-FM around 1960, KSTL-FM was sold in 1967 and changed to KRCH-FM, but changed its call letters to KSLQ five years later when it was purchased by Bartell Broadcasting. Bartell owned legendary Top 40 stations such as KCBQ in San Diego and WOKY in Milwaukee, KSLQ later adjusted its format to adult contemporary around 1981 and the call letters were changed once more in October 1982 to the current KYKY. Shortly thereafter, KYKY was purchased by EZ Communications, which maintained the Adult Contemporary format, in 1997, EZ Communications was purchased by American Radio Systems, who would later merge with Infinity Broadcasting, later known as CBS Radio. Since March 1979, KYKY has been the home of the Phillips & Company morning show, Phillips was inducted into the St. Louis Radio Hall of fame in 2005. In January 2010, KYKYs slogan was changed from Your Music, as of December 2010, KYKY is making changes to become more Adult Top 40 leaning and has changed their slogan to Todays Best Music. In September 2005, KYKY, KEZK, and television partners KSDK, the telethon featured an appearance by John Goodman, a native of Affton, Missouri who now calls New Orleans, Louisiana home and whose family was actually missing for a time during the storms peak. Sheryl Crow, a native of Kennett, Missouri, and her then-fiancé Lance Armstrong urged viewers to call when they were interviewed by telephone from the region, KYKY Website Query the FCCs FM station database for KYKY Radio-Locator information on KYKY Query Nielsen Audios FM station database for KYKY
20.
Webcast
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A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand, essentially, webcasting is broadcasting over the Internet. The largest webcasters include existing radio and TV stations, who simulcast their output through online TV or online radio streaming, Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific webcasting licenses to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material, Webcasting is used extensively in the commercial sector for investor relations presentations, in e-learning, and for related communications activities. However, webcasting does not bear much, if any, relationship to web conferencing, the ability to webcast using cheap/accessible technology has allowed independent media to flourish. There are many notable independent shows that broadcast regularly online, often produced by average citizens in their homes they cover many interests and topics. Webcasts relating to computers, technology, and news are particularly popular, Webcasting differs from podcasting in that webcasting refers to live streaming while podcasting simply refers to media files placed on the Internet. Webcasting is the distribution of media files through the internet, pakman from Apple, they launched the Macintosh New York Music Festival from July 17–22,1995. This event audio webcast concerts from more than 15 clubs in New York City, Apple later webcast a concert by Metallica on June 10,1996 live from Slims in San Francisco. In 1995, Benford E. Standley produced one of the first audio/video webcasts in history, on August 13,1998, it is generally believed the first webcast wedding took place, between Alan Knecht and Carrie Silverman in Toronto Canada. The live signal was broadcast via satellite to PA, then encoded and streamed via the BGEA website, the first teleconferenced/webcast wedding to date is believed to have occurred on December 31,1998. Dale Ficken and Lorrie Scarangella wed on this date as they stood in a church in Pennsylvania, on November 4,1994, Stef van der Ziel distributed the first live video images over the web from the Simplon venue in Groningen. On November 7,1994, WXYC, the radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became the first radio station in the world to broadcast its signal over the internet. Translated versions including Subtitling are now possible using SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a wedcast is a webcast of a wedding. It allows family and friends of the couple to watch the wedding in time on the Internet. Webcasting a funeral is also a service provided by funeral homes. Although it has been around for a decade, cheaper broadband, the strain of travel. International Webcasting Association Media clip Podcast Streaming media Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language Video blog Web radio Webisode Webinar PR Newswire
21.
AM broadcasting
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AM broadcasting is the process of radio broadcasting using amplitude modulation. AM was the first method of impressing sound on a signal and is still widely used today. Commercial and public AM broadcasting is authorized in the wave band worldwide. Commercial AM broadcasting developed from amateur broadcasts around 1920, and was the commercially important form of radio broadcasting until FM broadcasting began after World War II. This period is known as the Golden Age of Radio, today, AM competes with FM, as well as with various digital radio broadcasting services distributed from terrestrial and satellite transmitters. AM broadcasting was the first broadcasting technology invented, the technology of amplitude modulation radio transmission was developed between 1900 and 1920. This was used for private communication and message traffic, such as telegrams. The entrepreneurs who developed AM radiotelephone transmission did not anticipate broadcasting voice, the term broadcasting, borrowed from agriculture, was applied to this new activity around 1920. Prior to 1920 there was no concept of broadcasting, or that radio listeners could be a market for entertainment. Although there were a number of broadcasts during this period. True radio broadcasting didnt begin until around 1920, when it sprang up spontaneously among amateur stations, AM remained the dominant method of broadcasting for the next 30 years, a period called the Golden Age of Radio, until FM broadcasting started to become widespread in the 1950s. AM remains a popular, profitable entertainment medium today and the dominant form of broadcasting in some such as Australia. The first AM voice transmission was made by Canadian researcher Reginald Fessenden on 23 December 1900, Fessenden is a significant figure in the development of AM radio. He helped develop one of the first – the Alexanderson alternator, the first practical continuous wave AM transmitters were based on versions of the Poulsen arc transmitter invented in 1903, and the huge, expensive Alexanderson alternator, developed 1906–1910. The modifications necessary to transmit AM were clumsy and resulted in low audio quality. Modulation was usually accomplished by a carbon microphone inserted directly in the antenna wire, the limited power handling ability of the microphone severely limited the power of the first radiotelephones, in powerful transmitters water-cooled microphones had to be used. At the receiving end, the crystal radio receivers then in use could not drive loudspeakers, only earphones. The discovery in 1912 of the ability of the Audion vacuum tube, invented in 1906 by Lee De Forest
22.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
23.
Mexico
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Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States, to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea, and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers, Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area, Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Three centuries later, this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colonys Mexican War of Independence. The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by instability and many political changes. The Mexican–American War led to the cession of the extensive northern borderlands, one-third of its territory. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, the dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the countrys current political system. Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity, the Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement partners, especially the United States. Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and it is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. By 2050, Mexico could become the fifth or seventh largest economy. The country is considered both a power and middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas. Mexico is a country, ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity. In 2015 it was the 9th most visited country in the world, Mexico is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance. Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely, the Valley of Mexico, and its people, the Mexica and this became the future State of Mexico as a division of New Spain prior to independence. It is generally considered to be a toponym for the valley became the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance as a result. After New Spain won independence from Spain, representatives decided to name the new country after its capital and this was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan
24.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation
25.
Pontoon Beach, Illinois
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Pontoon Beach is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,836 at the 2010 census, Pontoon Beach is located at 38°43′34″N 90°3′38″W. According to the 2010 census, Pontoon Beach has an area of 12.564 square miles. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,620 people,2,134 households, the population density was 686.9 people per square mile. There were 2,341 housing units at a density of 286.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 87. 72% White,8. 88% African American,0. 55% Native American,0. 78% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 71% from other races, and 1. 33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 92% of the population,22. 0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the family size was 3.06. In the village, the population was out with 28. 2% under the age of 18,11. 0% from 18 to 24,30. 6% from 25 to 44,21. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 32 years, for every 100 females there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males, the median income for a household in the village was $38,348, and the median income for a family was $45,947. Males had an income of $36,338 versus $26,220 for females. The per capita income for the village was $15,960, about 8. 7% of families and 10. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 4% of those under age 18 and 5. 9% of those age 65 or over. Pontoon Beach is a town with more homes and businesses, including Gateway Commercial Business Center, a Flying J truckstop. The village has Grigsby Middle School located nearby in Granite City, Pontoon Beach has built a new City Hall and Police Department in the last three years, and more hotels, restaurants, and gas stations have been also built. There is a 3/8 mile Tri City Speedway raceway located off Highway 203 near the village, the dirt race track was a 1/2 and 1/4 mile complex until construction began on the new 3/8 mile dirt track in December 2006. The track features weekly modifieds, late models, street stocks, mike Pagano of Village Independence Party is the mayor
26.
Federal Communications Commission
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The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the media, public safety and homeland security, and modernizing itself. The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the Federal Radio Commission, the FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The FCCs mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the FCC also provides varied degrees of cooperation, oversight, and leadership for similar communications bodies in other countries of North America. The FCC is funded entirely by regulatory fees and it has an estimated fiscal-2016 budget of US$388 million. Consistent with the objectives of the Act as well as the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act and these are, Broadband All Americans should have affordable access to robust and reliable broadband products and services. Competition Competition in the provision of services, both domestically and overseas, supports the Nations economy. The competitive framework for communications services should foster innovation and offer consumers reliable, Media The Nations media regulations must promote competition and diversity and facilitate the transition to digital modes of delivery. Public Safety and Homeland Security Communications during emergencies and crisis must be available for public safety, health, defense, the Nations critical communications infrastructure must be reliable, interoperable, redundant, and rapidly restorable. The FCC is directed by five appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate for five-year terms. The U. S. President designates one of the commissioners to serve as chairman, only three commissioners may be members of the same political party. None of them may have a financial interest in any FCC-related business, importantly, commissioners may continue serving until the appointment of their replacements, but may not serve beyond the end of the next session of Congress following term expiration. In practice, as of 2016 this means that commissioners may serve up to 1 1/2 years beyond the term expiration dates listed above if no replacement is appointed. The Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau develops and implements the FCCs consumer policies, CGB serves as the public face of the FCC through outreach and education, as well as through their Consumer Center, which is responsible for responding to consumer inquiries and complaints. CGB also maintains partnerships with state, local, and tribal governments in such areas as emergency preparedness. The Enforcement Bureau is responsible for enforcement of provisions of the Communications Act 1934, FCC rules, FCC orders, major areas of enforcement that are handled by the Enforcement Bureau are consumer protection, local competition, public safety, and homeland security. S. The International Bureau also oversees FCC compliance with the international Radio Regulations, the Media Bureau also handles post-licensing matters regarding direct broadcast satellite service. The Wireless Telecommunications Bureau regulates domestic wireless telecommunications programs and policies, the Wireline Competition Bureau develops policy concerning wire line telecommunications. The Wireline Competition Bureaus main objective is to promote growth and economical investments in technology infrastructure, development, markets
27.
WSDZ
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WSDZ is a Conservative Talk formatted radio station licensed to Belleville, Illinois, serving the Greater St. Louis. The station, which began broadcasting in 1947, is owned and operated by Salem Media Group, the WSDZ broadcast license is held by Caron Broadcasting, Inc. WSDZs studios are located on Webster Hill Road in St. Louis, WSDZ along with KMOX are responsible for activation of the St. Louis area Emergency Alert System. The station began in July 1947 as WIBV, daytime only and it was owned by Belleville Broadcasting Co. WIBV became WSDZ, when it transferred all of its programming over to KSD-AM and it then became the Radio Disney affiliate for the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. Disney originally planned to shut down the stations in question on September 26,2014. However, Disney changed their plans at the last minute, and all stations would remain on the air, on September 15, it was announced that Salem Media Group acquired the last five Radio Disney owned-and-operated stations for sale for $2.225 million. WSDZ was acquired through Caron Broadcasting, Inc. for $275,000, the sale of WSDZ was completed on December 18,2015. On December 11,2015, Radio Disney programming went off the air and WSDZ went silent, on December 22,2015, WSDZ signed back on the air with their new conservative talk format as 1260 AM The Answer. Official website Query the FCCs AM station database for WSDZ Radio-Locator Information on WSDZ Query Nielsen Audios AM station database for WSDZ
28.
Emergency Alert System
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The official EAS is designed to enable the President of the United States to speak to the United States within 10 minutes. In addition to requirement, EAS is also designed to alert the public of local weather emergencies such as tornadoes. A national EAS test was conducted on November 9,2011, the most recent National EAS Test was performed September 28,2016, at 2,20 PM EDT. EAS is jointly coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Federal Communications Commission, the EAS regulations and standards are governed by the Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau of the FCC. EAS has become part of Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, EAS messages are transmitted via AM, FM, broadcast television, cable television and Land Mobile Radio Service, as well as VHF, UHF, and FiOS. DirecTV, Dish Network, and all other DBS providers have been required to participate since May 31,2007, in 2008, the FCC began work on another system for public alerting designed and targeted at smartphones, meant to support the EAS. The Commercial Mobile Alert System made its debut in about early 2013 in select states for select events, while this system functions independently from the Emergency Alert System, it may broadcast identical information. Messages in the EAS are composed of four parts, a digitally encoded SAME header, a signal, an audio announcement. The SAME header is the most critical part of the EAS design,77 radio stations are designated as National Primary Stations in the Primary Entry Point System to distribute presidential messages to other broadcast stations and cable systems. The Emergency Action Notification is the notice to broadcasters that the President of the United States or his/her designee will deliver a message over the EAS via the PEP system, the FEMA PEP stations also serve as the primary source of initial broadcast for a Presidential Emergency Alert Notification. PEP station expansion will help ensure that all conditions the President of the United States can alert. In September 2009, FEMA contracted with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to equip selected radio stations to become FEMA Primary Entry Point stations, the project with USACE is actively bringing new stations into the FEMA PEP program. PEP stations provide resilience for alerts and warnings to the public, the IPAWS PMO continues to complete the integration of satellite data transmission paths as a diverse path for EAS message delivery from FEMA to PEP stations. An XM Radio transmission path was completed in the first quarter of 2010, the IPAWS EAS Modernization and PEP Expansion project includes and maintains 77 operational PEP stations throughout the United States and its territories. Direct coverage of the population will expand from approximately 67 percent in 2009 to over 90 percent when all 77 PEP stations become operational in 2015. The FEMA National Radio System Provides Primary Entry Point service to the Emergency Alert System, the FNARS net control station is located at the Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center. Once an EAN is received by an EAS participant from a PEP station the message then daisy chains through the network of participants, daisy chains form when one station receives a message from multiple other stations and the station then forwards that message to multiple other stations. Because the header lacks error detection codes, it is repeated three times for redundancy, EAS decoders compare the received headers against one another, looking for an exact match between any two, eliminating most errors which can cause an activation to fail
29.
Tacoma, Washington
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Tacoma is a mid-sized urban port city in and the county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States. The city is on Washingtons Puget Sound,32 miles southwest of Seattle,31 miles northeast of the capital, Olympia. The population was 198,397, according to the 2010 census, Tacoma is the second-largest city in the Puget Sound area and the third largest in the state. Tacoma also serves as the center of activity for the South Sound region. Tacoma adopted its name after the nearby Mount Rainier, originally called Takhoma or Tahoma and it is locally known as the City of Destiny because the area was chosen to be the western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad in the late 19th century. The decision of the railroad was influenced by Tacomas neighboring deep-water harbor, by connecting the bay with the railroad, Tacomas motto became When rails meet sails. Today, Commencement Bay serves the Port of Tacoma, a center of trade on the Pacific Coast. Like most central cities, Tacoma suffered a decline in the mid-20th century as a result of suburbanization. Neighborhoods such as the 6th Avenue District have become revitalized, tacoma-Pierce County has been named one of the most livable areas in the United States. In 2006, Tacoma was listed as one of the most walkable cities in the country and that same year, the womens magazine Self named Tacoma the Most Sexually Healthy City in the United States. In contrast, Tacoma was also ranked as the most stressed-out city in the country in a 2004 survey, Tacoma gained notoriety in 1940 for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which earned the nickname Galloping Gertie. The city of Tacoma and surrounding areas were inhabited for thousands of years by American Indians, predominantly the Puyallup people, mcCarver, who named his project Tacoma City, derived from the indigenous name for the mountain. Tacoma was incorporated on November 12,1875, following the merger of Old Tacoma, the transcontinental link was effected in 1887, but the railroad built its depot on New Tacoma, two miles south of the Carr-McCarver development. The two communities together and joined. The population grew from 1,098 in 1880 to 36,006 in 1890, rudyard Kipling visited Tacoma in 1889 and said it was literally staggering under a boom of the boomiest. George Francis Train was a resident for a few years in the late 19th century, in 1890, he staged a global circumnavigation starting and ending in Tacoma to promote the city. A plaque in downtown Tacoma marks the start and finish line, in November 1885, white citizens led by then-mayor Jacob Weisbach expelled several hundred Chinese residents peacefully living in the city. The next day two Chinese settlements were burned to the ground, the discovery of gold in the Klondike in 1898 led Tacomas prominence in the region to be eclipsed by the booming development of Seattle
30.
Charles Lindbergh
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Charles Augustus Lindbergh, nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U. S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by making his Orteig Prize–winning nonstop flight from Long Island, New York, to Paris. He covered the 33 1⁄2-hour,3,600 statute miles alone in a single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane and this was the first solo transatlantic flight, and the first non-stop flight between North America and mainland Europe. Lindbergh was an officer in the U. S. Army Air Corps Reserve, and he received the United States highest military decoration and his achievement spurred interest in both commercial aviation and air mail, and Lindbergh himself devoted much time and effort to promoting such activity. Lindberghs historic flight and instantaneous world fame led to tragedy, in March 1932, his infant son, Charles Jr. was kidnapped and murdered in what was widely called the Crime of the Century and described by H. L. Mencken as the biggest story since the resurrection. The case prompted the United States Congress to upgrade kidnapping from a crime to a federal crime once the kidnapper had crossed state lines with his victim. By late 1935 the hysteria surrounding the case had driven the Lindbergh family into exile in Europe. Before the United States formally entered World War II, some people accused Lindbergh of being a fascist sympathizer, in his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific prize-winning author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist. Lindbergh had six children with his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, on February 4,1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D. C. Charles parents separated in 1909 when he was seven, congressman from 1907 to 1917, was one of the relatively few Congressmen to oppose the entry of the U. S. into World War I. Lindberghs mother was a teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit. Lindbergh also attended over a dozen schools from Washington, D. C. From an early age, Lindbergh had exhibited an interest in the mechanics of motorized transportation, including his familys Saxon Six automobile, and later his Excelsior motorbike. By the time he started college as an engineering student, he had also become fascinated with flying. A few days later Lindbergh took his first formal flying lesson in that same machine and he also briefly worked as an airplane mechanic at the Billings, Montana municipal airport. With the onset of winter, however, Lindbergh left flying, though Lindbergh had not touched an airplane in more than six months, he had already secretly decided he was ready to take to the air by himself. After a half-hour of dual time with a pilot who was visiting the field to pick up another surplus JN-4, Lindbergh flew solo for the first time in the Jenny he had just purchased for $500. After spending another week or so at the field to practice, Lindbergh took off from Americus for Montgomery, Alabama, some 140 miles to the west and he went on to spend much of the rest of 1923 engaged in almost nonstop barnstorming under the name of Daredevil Lindbergh
31.
Spirit of St. Louis
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The Spirit of St. Claude Ryan, in 1926. The Spirit is now on permanent display in the main entryways Milestones of Flight gallery at the Smithsonian Institutions National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D. C. It is known, however, that Hawley Bowlus was the manager who oversaw construction of the Ryan NYP. Hall and Ryan Airlines staff worked closely with Lindbergh to design, although what was actually paid to Ryan Airlines for the project is not clear, Mahoney offered to do it at cost. Mahoney was away from the factory, but Ryan answered, Can build plane similar M-1, Lindbergh wired back that due to competition, delivery in less than three months was essential. Many years later, Jon van der Linde, chief mechanic of Ryan Airlines, recalled, But nothing fazed B. F. Mahoney, Mahoney telegraphed Lindbergh back the same day, Can complete in two months. Lindbergh arrived in San Diego on February 23 and toured the factory with Mahoney meeting factory manager, Bowlus, chief engineer Donald Hall, and sales manager A. J. After further discussions between Mahoney, Hall and Lindbergh, Mahoney offered to build the Spirit for $10,580, Lindbergh himself contributed $2,000 toward the cost of the Spirit that he had saved from his earnings as an Air Mail pilot for Robertson Aircraft Corporation. Lindbergh was convinced, I believe in Halls ability, I like Mahoneys enthusiasm, I have confidence in the character of the workmen Ive met. He then went to the airfield to familiarize himself with a Ryan aircraft, either an M-1 or an M-2, then telegraphed his St. Louis backers and recommended the deal, Mahoney lived up to his commitment. Working exclusively on the aircraft and closely with Lindbergh, the completed the Spirit of St. Louis 60 days after Lindbergh arrived in San Diego. Powered by a Wright Whirlwind J-5C 223-hp radial engine, it had a 14 m wingspan,3 m longer than the M-1, Lindbergh believed that multiple engines resulted in a greater risk of failure while a single engine design would give him greater range. To increase fuel efficiency, the Spirit of St. Louis was also one of the most advanced, Lindbergh believed that a flight made in a single-seat monoplane designed around the dependable Wright J-5C Whirlwind radial engine provided the best chance of success. The Ryan NYP had a fuel capacity of 450 U. S. gallons or 2,710 pounds of gasoline. The fuel was stored in five tanks, a forward tank, the main. At Lindberghs request, the main and forward fuel tanks were placed in the forward section of the fuselage, in front of the pilot. This arrangement improved the center of gravity and reduced the risk of the pilot being crushed to death between the tank and the engine in the event of a crash. This design decision meant that there could be no front windshield, and this did not concern Lindbergh as he was used to flying in the rear cockpit of mail planes with mail bags in the front
32.
Arctic Circle
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The Arctic Circle is the most northerly of the abstract five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of the Earth. The region north of this circle is known as the Arctic, the position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed, as of 7 April 2017, it runs 66°33′46. 6″ north of the Equator. Its latitude depends on the Earths axial tilt, which fluctuates within a margin of 2° over a 40, 000-year period, consequently, the Arctic Circle is currently drifting northwards at a speed of about 15 m per year. The word arctic comes from the Greek word ἀρκτικός and that from the word ἄρκτος, directly on the Arctic Circle these events occur, in principle, exactly once per year, at the June and December solstices, respectively. That is true at sea level, those limits increase with elevation above sea level, tens of thousands of years ago, waves of people migrated from eastern Siberia across the Bering Strait into North America to settle. Much later, in the period, there has been migration into some Arctic areas by Europeans. The largest communities north of the Arctic Circle are situated in Russia and Norway, Murmansk, Norilsk, Tromsø, rovaniemi in Finland is the largest settlement in the immediate vicinity of the Arctic Circle, lying slightly south of the line. In contrast, the largest North American community north of the Arctic Circle, of the Canadian and United States Arctic communities, Barrow, Alaska is the largest settlement with about 4,000 inhabitants. The Arctic Circle is roughly 16,000 kilometres, the area north of the Circle is about 20,000,000 km2 and covers roughly 4% of Earths surface. The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, the Scandinavian Peninsula, North Asia, Northern America, the land within the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Iceland. In the interior, summers can be warm, while winters are extremely cold
33.
Prohibition
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The earliest records of prohibition of alcohol date to the Xia Dynasty in China. Yu the Great, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty and it was legalized again after his death, during the reign of his son Qi. Another record was in the Code of Hammurabi specifically banning the selling of beer for money, in the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries and North America came from moralistic convictions of pietistic Protestants. Rum-running became widespread and organized crime control of the distribution of alcohol. Distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean flourished as their products were consumed by visiting Americans or illegally exported to the United States. Chicago became notorious as a haven for prohibition dodgers during the known as the Roaring Twenties. Prohibition generally came to an end in the late 1920s or early 1930s in most of North America and Europe, in some countries where the dominant religion forbids the use of alcohol, the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited or restricted today. For example, in Saudi Arabia and Libya alcohol is banned, Sale of alcohol is banned in Afghanistan. In Bangladesh, alcohol is prohibited due to its proscription in the Islamic faith. However, the purchase and consumption is allowed in the country, the Garo tribe consume a type of rice beer, and Christians in this country drink and purchase wine for their holy communion. In Brunei, alcohol consumption and sale is banned in public, in India alcohol is a state subject and individual states can legislate prohibition, but currently most states do not have prohibition. Prohibition is in force in the states of Gujarat, Bihar and Nagaland, parts of Manipur, the state of Kerala has placed some limitations on sale of alcohol. All other States and union territories of India permit the sale of alcohol, election days and certain national holidays such as Gandhi Jayanti are meant to be dry days when liquor sale is not permitted. The state of Andhra Pradesh had imposed Prohibition under the Chief Ministership of N. T. Rama Rao, Prohibition was also observed from 1996 to 1998 in Haryana. Some Indian states observe dry days on major religious festivals/occasions depending on the popularity of the festival in that region, since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the sale and consumption of alcohol is banned in Iran. Alcohol is banned for people who use small shops and convenience stores, the consumption, importation and brewing of, and trafficking in liquor is strictly against the law. Alcohol is banned for Muslims in Malaysia due to its Islamic faith, the Maldives ban the import of alcohol, x-raying all baggage on arrival. Alcoholic beverages are available only to tourists on resort islands
34.
Anheuser-Busch
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Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC /ˈænhaɪzər ˈbʊʃ/ is a brewing company founded and based in St. Louis, Missouri. Since 2008, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev which also has its North American headquarters in St. Louis, the original Anheuser-Busch InBev was formed through successive mergers of three international brewing groups, Interbrew from Belgium, AmBev from Brazil and Anheuser-Busch. Hence, since 2008, Anheuser-Busch has been a division of Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV, Anheuser-Busch InBev is the largest beer producer in the world. In 1852, German American brewer and saloon operator George Schneider opened the Bavarian Brewery on Carondelet Avenue between Dorcas and Lynch streets in South St. Louis. In 1860, the brewery was purchased on the brink of bankruptcy by William DOench, a local pharmacist, and Eberhard Anheuser, DOench was the silent partner in the business until 1869, when he sold his half-interest in the company. From 1860 to 1875, the brewery was known as E, Anheuser & Co. and from 1875 to 1879 as the E. Adolphus Busch, a wholesaler who had immigrated to St. Louis from Germany in 1857, married Eberhard Anheusers daughter, Lilly, following his service in the American Civil War, Busch began working as a salesman for the Anheuser brewery. Busch purchased DOenchs share of the company in 1869, and he assumed the role of secretary from that time until the death of his father-in-law. By 1877, the owned a fleet of 40 refrigerated railroad cars to transport beer. Expanding the companys distribution range led to increased demand for Anheuser products, the expansions led production to increase from 31,500 barrels in 1875 to more than 200,000 in 1881. To serve these cars and switch them in and out of their St. Louis brewery, the shortline operated until 2011 when Anheuser-Busch sought to shut down operations. In 1876, Busch introduced Budweiser, with the ambition of transcending regional tastes and his companys ability to transport bottled beer made Budweiser the first national beer brand in the United States, and it was marketed as a premium beer. The company was renamed Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association in 1879, in 1880, the Busch family fully controlled the company through the generations until Anheuser-Buschs sale to InBev in 2008. During the 1880s and 1890s, Busch introduced a series of advertisements and marketing giveaways for the company, including bottle openers, calendars, corkscrews, pocketknives, postcards, and prints. Among the most well-known of these giveaways was Custers Last Fight, as a marketing tactic, Busch distributed thousands of copies of the print to bars in 1896, the same year Anheuser-Busch introduced its new super-premium brand, Michelob. Eventually more than one million copies of the print were produced, at the turn of the 20th century, Anheuser-Busch continued to expand its production facilities to keep up with demand. In 1905, the built an new stockhouse in St. Louis. After the death of Adolphus Busch in 1913, control of the passed to his son, August Anheuser Busch
35.
White House
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The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D. C. It has been the residence of every U. S. president since John Adams in 1800, the term White House is often used to refer to actions of the president and his advisers, as in The White House announced that. The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the Neoclassical style, construction took place between 1792 and 1800 using Aquia Creek sandstone painted white. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he added low colonnades on each wing that concealed stables and storage. In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior, reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed Executive Residence in October 1817. Exterior construction continued with the addition of the semi-circular South portico in 1824, because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later in 1909, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office, in the main mansion, the third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as an area for social events. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space, by 1948, the houses load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the rooms were completely dismantled. Once this work was completed, the rooms were rebuilt. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories—the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, the property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the Presidents Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of Americas Favorite Architecture, in May 1790, New York began construction of Government House for his official residence, but he never occupied it. The national capital moved to Philadelphia in December 1790, the July 1790 Residence Act named Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the Federal City was under construction. The City of Philadelphia rented Robert Morriss city house at 190 High Street for Washingtons presidential residence, the first president occupied the Market Street mansion from November 1790 to March 1797, and altered it in ways that may have influenced the design of the White House. As part of an effort to have Philadelphia named the permanent national capital, Pennsylvania built a much grander presidential mansion several blocks away. President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800, on Saturday, November 1,1800, he became the first president to occupy the White House. The Presidents House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, the Presidents House was a major feature of Pierre Charles LEnfants plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D. C
36.
Baltimore Orioles
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The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball as a member of the American League East division, Louis, Missouri to become the St. Louis Browns. After 52 often-beleaguered years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by Baltimore business interests led by Clarence Miles, the franchise officially moved to Baltimore for the 1954 season and adopted the historic Orioles name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland. The Orioles name had also used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore. Nicknames for the team include the Os and the Birds, the Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983, when they made six World Series appearances, winning three of them. The franchise has won a total of nine division championships, six pennants. The Orioles are also known for their successful stadium, the trend-setting Oriole Park at Camden Yards. The modern Orioles franchise can trace its roots back to the original Milwaukee Brewers of the minor Western League, the Brewers were there when the WL renamed itself the American League in 1900. At the end of the 1900 season, the American League removed itself from baseballs National Agreement, two months later, the AL declared itself a competing major league. As a result of several shifts, the Brewers were one of only two Western League teams that didnt fold, move or get kicked out of the league. In its first game in the American League, the team lost to the Detroit Tigers 14–13 after blowing a lead in the 9th inning. To this day, it is a league record for the biggest deficit overcome that late in the game. During the first American League season in 1901, they finished last with a record of 48–89 and its lone Major League season, the team played at Lloyd Street Grounds, between 16th and 18th Streets in Milwaukee. The Miles-Krieger -Hoffberger group renamed their new team the Baltimore Orioles soon after taking control of the franchise, the name has a rich history in Baltimore, having been used by a National League team in the 1890s. In 1901, Baltimore and McGraw were awarded a franchise in the growing American League. After a battle with Ban Johnson, the Head of the American League in 1902, McGraw took many of the top players including Dan McGann, Roger Bresnahan and Joe McGinnity to the New York Giants. As an affront to Johnson, McGraw kept the black and orange colors of the New York Giants, which San Francisco wears to this day. In 1903, the rest of the team was transferred to New York where they were nicknamed the Highlanders until circa 1912, as a member of the high-minor league level International League, the Orioles competed at what is now known as the AAA level from 1903 to 1953
37.
Flagship (broadcasting)
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Not all networks or shows have a flagship station, as some originate from a dedicated radio or television studio. The term derives from the custom where the commanding officer of a group of naval ships would fly a distinguishing flag. In common parlance, flagship is now used to mean the most important or leading member of a group, the term is primarily used in TV and radio in the United States and Canada. With Kelly and Michael from WABC-TV in New York City Networks Midnight Radio Network from WBAP in Dallas/Fort Worth Events Masters Tournament from WRDW-TV, a flagship radio station is the principal station from which a radio networks programs are fed to affiliates. In the United States, traditional radio networks currently operate without flagship stations as defined in this article, Network operations and those of the local owned-and-operated or affiliated stations in the same city are now separate and may come under different corporate entities. ABC Radio programming is produced by ABC News and distributed by Cumulus Media, Clear Channel Communications follows a similar model, flagship stations WOR/New York City and KFI/Los Angeles are both operated mostly separately from its syndication wing, Premiere Networks. WWRL in New York City was an affiliate of the now-defunct Air America Radio and carries some of its programs but is owned and operated. Originally, Air America Radio leased WLIB as its flagship station, the network would later lease WZAA in Washington, D. C. as its lone self-operated station. Fox Sports Radios flagship station is KLAC in Los Angeles, with which it merged operations in 2009, Sports Radio is flagshipped at KGOW in Houston, its predecessor, Sporting News Radio, was previously flagshipped at WIDB in Chicago. CBS Sports Radio is nominally flagshipped at WFAN, ESPN Radios technical flagship is affiliate WUCS which serves its base of operations in Bristol, Connecticut, though WEPN-FM in New York and Los Angeles station KSPN serve as true flagship stations. NBC Sports Radio has no definitive flagship stations, nash FM, a country music network, is nominally flagshipped at WKDF in Nashville, Tennessee. Both are former AM clear channel operations which have moved to FM, the CKO networks Toronto frequency was re-issued to CBL but the namesake CKO flagship in Montréal is silent, the frequency remains vacant. Some programs such as Imus in the Morning are simulcast on television, others are simulcasted on XM Satellite Radio and / or Sirius Satellite Radio. C. C. Paul, Minnesota On Air with Ryan Seacrest, KIIS /Los Angeles, the show is now on Sirius Satellite Radio Channel 100. WOR in New York City was the station of the syndicated programs of Jay Severin, Bob Grant, The Dolans. WGN in Chicago was considered the station for Paul Harveys News and Comment. KABC in Los Angeles was the base of Larry Elder until the show ended its run in 2009. WABC had been the flagship of The Rush Limbaugh Show before Limbaugh moved to West Palm Beach, Florida
38.
Robert Hyland
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Robert Hyland, Jr. was CBS regional vice president and general manager of radio station KMOX in St. Louis, Missouri for four decades. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1920 and he attended both St. Louis University High School and St. Louis University. Before going into radio he embraced the idea of becoming a baseball player and even an actor. Hyland was the son of the longtime Cardinals team physician, Dr. Robert F. Hyland and he also introduced the first listener call-in programs at KMOX in 1960. Robert Hyland, the vice president of CBS Radio and general manager of KMOX radio. Mr. Hyland joined the network-owned KMOX41 years ago as national sales manager and was credited with its position as one of the nations top news-talk stations in terms of advertising. William Paley, the founder of CBS, called KMOX the jewel in CBSs crown, Mr. Hyland was the only radio executive at CBS to be named a senior vice president. He was offered the presidency of CBS Sports and of the CBS Radio Network and his list of firsts in the industry include the inauguration in 1960 of the talk format that has since been adopted by some 2,000 radio stations around the world. Under Mr. Hyland, KMOX was also the first CBS-owned station to endorse a political candidate, Mr. Hyland was very much involved in civic ventures. He founded the drug and alcohol treatment center at St. Anthony´s Hospital and he served on the boards of the St. Louis Zoo, the St. Louis Symphony, and the Municipal Opera, and received many honorary degrees and awards. In 1988 he was chosen as the St. Louis Man of the Year, Mr. Hyland was president of the St. Louis Zoo Commission and board chairman of St. Anthonys Medical Center. He was a member of the organization responsible for the building of the Gateway Arch. In addition, Robert Hyland was the man who brought the Big Red Line Cheerleaders to the St Louis Football Cardinals Organization, died in 1992 due to cancer. Stlcin. missouri. org www. stlradio. com The hall of fame section contains a biography of Hyland
39.
Jack Buck
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John Francis Jack Buck was an American sportscaster, best known for his work announcing Major League Baseball games of the St. Louis Cardinals. His play-by-play work earned him recognition from numerous Halls of Fame, such as the National Baseball Hall of Fame, the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and he has also been inducted as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum. Buck was born in Holyoke, Massachusetts but moved to the Cleveland, after graduating from high school, he worked on large shipping boats that traveled the Great Lakes. Buck was drafted into the United States Army in June 1943, after completion of his military service in 1946, Buck enrolled at Ohio State University. His early sportscasting career included work for the minor league affiliates of the St. Louis Cardinals, in 1954, Buck was promoted to radio play-by-play of Cardinal games on KMOX, a position that he maintained for nearly all of the next 47 years. He was known in St. Louis for his trademark phrase Thats a winner, which was said after every game that the Cardinals had won. In addition to his work with the Cardinals, Buck also earned assignments on many national sportscasts, including radio coverage of 18 Super Bowls and 11 World Series. In the final years of his life, Buck also became recognized for writing poetry, culminating in national attention for his poem For America, written after the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001. The later part of his career found him working side-by-side in the Cardinals booth with his son Joe Buck, Buck was born in Holyoke, Massachusetts as the 3rd of 7 children by Earle and Kathleen Buck. His father was an accountant who commuted weekly to New Jersey. From an early age, Buck dreamed of becoming an announcer with his early exposure to sports broadcasting coming from listening to Boston Red Sox baseball games announced by Fred Hoey. In 1939 his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio to join their father, soon after though, Bucks father died at the age of 49 due to uremic poisoning related to high blood pressure. Buck planned to quit school in 1941 to take a full-time job in an effort to support his family. Dissuaded by one of his teachers, Buck decided to finish high school, after graduation, he followed one of his friends and began working on an iron ore freight boat operated on the Great Lakes by the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company. Buck served on a 700 foot steamer named The Sheadle, where he began as porter and was promoted to night cook. After performing various other shipping related jobs, Buck attempted to become a deck watch, a physical examination related to the deck watch application process revealed Buck was color blind, unable to differentiate between the colors green and brown. Ineligible for the promotion to watch, Buck subsequently became eligible for the military draft. The physicality of Bucks work on the Great Lakes left in him good physical condition at the time he entered the Army, Buck, who was 19 years old, stood 511 tall, and weighed 165 pounds at the time
