Kaleidoscope
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A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces tilted to each other at an angle, so that one or more objects on one end of these mirrors are shown as a symmetrical patter
A toy kaleidoscope
A comparison of the mirror constructions of Kircher (left) and Bradley (right)
Patterns when seen through a kaleidoscope tube
Polyangular Kaleidoscope of R. B. Bate (with adjustable reflector angles), as illustrated in Treatise on the Kaleidoscope (1819)
Phenakistoscope
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The phenakistoscope was the first widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion. Dubbed Fantascope and Stroboscopische Scheiben by its inventors, it has been known under many oth
Kaleidoscope
…La Maison de la Magie Robert-Houdin – French museum of magic Phenakistiscope – First widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion Reflection group – Discrete group type in group theory…
A family viewing animations in a mirror through the slits of stroboscopic discs (detail of an illustration by E. Schule on the box label for Magic Disk - Disques Magiques, c. 1833)
A "Phantasmascope" with cards on display in Bedford Museum, England.
Joseph Plateau's illustration in Corresp. Math. (1833)
A paper zoopraxiscope disc by Eadweard Muybridge (1893)