1.
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Jerome Leon Jerry Bruckheimer is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama and his best known television series are CSI, Crime Scene Investigation, CSI, Miami, CSI, NY, Without a Trace, Cold Case, and the U. S. version of The Amazing Race. At one point, three of his TV series ranked among the top 10 in the U. S. ratings—a unique feat in television and he also serves as a Director at ZeniMax Media. Many of his films have produced by Disney and Paramount, while many of his television series have been co-produced by Warner Bros. Bruckheimer was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of German Jewish immigrants and he graduated from Mumford High School in Detroit, at age 17, before moving to Arizona for college. Bruckheimer was also a member of the Stamp Collecting Club. He graduated with a degree in psychology from the University of Arizona and he was a member of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity. A film buff at an age with an interest in photography. After college Bruckheimer worked in advertising in Detroit and New York City, as of 2010, Bruckheimer has produced over 40 feature films, and is regarded in the industry as one of the most successful film producers of all time. Bruckheimer started producing films in the 1970s, after leaving his job in advertising and they had worked together on the films The Culpepper Cattle Company, Farewell, My Lovely, and March or Die. Bruckheimer then worked with Paul Schrader on two films, American Gigolo and Cat People, which began to give him notice in Hollywood, during the 1980s and 1990s, he was a co-producer with Don Simpson of a string of highly successful Hollywood films for Paramount Pictures. He originally met Don at a screening of 1973s The Harder They Come at Warner Brothers, the two worked together and created Bruckheimers first big hit, 1983s Flashdance, which brought in US$95 million, an incredible sum for an R-rated film. He had a number of hits during that time period, including the Beverly Hills Cop films, Top Gun. Top Gun marked his first collaboration with English director Tony Scott, while working with Simpson, Bruckheimer became known as Mr. Outside because of his experience with film making, while Simpson became known as Mr. Inside because of his film industry contacts. The Rock was the last film in which Bruckheimer collaborated with Simpson, Bruckheimer stipulated that The Rock be dedicated to the memory of Simpson. His other hit films produced include Remember the Titans, Black Hawk Down and he has also acquired the rights to produce a film based on the popular role playing game by Palladium Books, Rifts. Early in his career, Bruckheimer produced television commercials, including one for Pepsi, since 1997 he has branched out into television, creating a number of police dramas of which CSI, Crime Scene Investigation has been the most successful. He has also produced the reality game show The Amazing Race, in May 2008 CBS announced it had picked up Bruckheimers newest series, Eleventh Hour, for the 2008–2009 broadcast television season
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Bruckheimer at a ceremony to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in June 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Bruckheimer with
Johnny Depp and
Tom Cruise in June 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Bruckheimer at the 2014 WonderCon
2.
Scott Rosenberg
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Scott Rosenberg is an American actor, screenwriter and film producer. Rosenberg was born in Needham, Massachusetts, after high school graduation in 1981, he attended Boston University, from which he received his Bachelors Degree in 1985. He earned his MFA from UCLA and his screenwriting credits include major motion pictures such as Con Air, High Fidelity and Gone in 60 Seconds. During production of the film Domestic Disturbance in April 2001, Rosenberg was arrested along with actor Vince Vaughn after a bar brawl in Wilmington, the scuffle broke out at the Firebelly Lounge, where actor Steve Buscemi had been stabbed in the face, throat, and arm. On Beautiful Girls, starring Timothy Hutton, Matt Dillon, and Uma Thurman, snow plows were coming by, and I was just tired of writing these movies with people getting shot and killed. So I said, There is more going on in my hometown with my friends dealing with the fact that they cant deal with turning 30 or with commitment – all that became Beautiful Girls
Scott Rosenberg
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Rosenberg at
WonderCon 2010
3.
Anthony Anderson
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Anthony Anderson is an American actor, comedian, writer, and game show host. He has starred in his own sitcom, All About the Andersons, as well as the ABC sitcom Black-ish and he is also known for his leading roles in drama series K-Ville, The Shield and as NYPD Detective Kevin Bernard on Law & Order. He has also had roles in feature films such as Me, Myself & Irene, Kangaroo Jack, Agent Cody Banks 2, Destination London, The Departed, Transformers. Anderson is also a judge on Food Networks Iron Chef America. Since September 2014, he has served as an executive producer, as of June 2016, he has served as host of the ABC version of the game show To Tell the Truth. In addition, he has served as guest panelist for various shows throughout the 21st century. Anderson was born in Compton, California, according to a DNA analysis, Anderson descends from the Bubi people of Bioko Island, and from the Tikar, Hausa, and Fulani people of Cameroon. Anderson has stated that his first attempt at stand up comedy was a failure. Although this experience was a blow to his ego, he did meet his friend and fellow comedic actor Guy Torry there. He and Guy would later act together in the Eddie Murphy film titled Life, Anderson is an alumnus of the Hollywood High School Performing Arts Magnets Class of 1988 and Howard University. He trained with actors such as Avery Brooks, Ruby Dee, Anderson writes for and stars in the hit ABC series, Blackish, alongside Laurence Fishburne and Tracee Ellis Ross which airs on Wednesday nights. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for this role and his past television work includes a lead role in the teen series Hang Time as Teddy Broadis. He had many one-off and guest roles on series such as NYPD Blue, Malcolm & Eddie, In the House. Recurring roles were on series such as Til Death and The Bernie Mac Show. He previously starred in two other series, Foxs K-Ville and Foxs cable channel FXs The Shield. Andersons series Eating America, with Anthony Anderson was a show in 2014. He also is a judge on Iron Chef America. Anderson is one of the few judges to taste dishes from all the Iron Chefs on the show, in the Ultimate Bar Food battle, he served as bartender/sous-chef for Iron Chef Bobby Flay opposite Masaharu Morimoto and fellow judge Simon Majumdar
Anthony Anderson
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Anderson in May 2010
Anthony Anderson
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Anderson in July 2006
4.
Estella Warren
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Estella Dawn Warren is a Canadian actress, fashion model, and former synchronized swimmer. During her swimming career she was a member of the National Canadian Team, since 1994 she has been modeling through publications such as Sports Illustrated as well as working for campaigns for such brands as Perry Ellis and Victorias Secret. Estella Warren was born in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, to Esther, a school headmistress, and Don Warren. She is the youngest of three daughters, in 1990, Warren moved to Toronto to train with the national synchronized swimming team. In 1995, after becoming the national champion, Warren had the chance to move on to the 1996 Summer Olympics. She is a three-time Canadian national champion, and the bronze medalist at the 1995 Junior World Championships. Estella Warren was discovered by Rhonda Broadbelt Fonte, the owner of Broadbelt & Fonte Models, Broadbelt Fonte then introduced Warren to George Gallier, the owner of American Models. 5 campaign with director Luc Besson, all while she was managed by George Gallier and her work in modelling is known through publications such as Sports Illustrated as well as working for campaigns for such brands as Perry Ellis and Victorias Secret. Warren has appeared in Sports Illustrated, Vogue, Vanity Fair and she was named Maxim Magazines Hottest Woman in 2000. She was ranked Number 61 in FHMs 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2005 special supplement and was the November 2007 entry in Stuff magazines 2006–07 pinup calendar. Warren also has appeared in campaigns for UGG Australia, Andrew Marc, Perry Ellis, Nine West, Cartier, Volvo, De Beers, additionally, she has modelled for Victorias Secret and in 2000 hosted the televised special for the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues 2000 edition. She appeared on the cover in the nude for the issue of the 3D magazine Worlds Most Beautiful. Warrens films include Driven, Planet of the Apes, Kangaroo Jack, Warren has appeared in That 70s Show in 2003, as well as two part crossover role in Law & Order and Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, in September 2005. She also appeared in an episode of Ghost Whisperer in 2005, Warren has appeared in music videos for INXSs Afterglow, Blank & Jones Beyond Time and Dr. Dres I Need a Doctor. Warren stars in the feature film Undateable John with John Philbin, Daryl Hannah, Tom Arnold, Kash Hovey, Margaret Cho, Meredith Baxter. On May 24,2011, Warren was arrested in Los Angeles after she hit three parked cars with her Toyota Prius and then fled the scene. Police eventually found her and arrested her for DUI, during her arrest she allegedly kicked an officer and resisted being handcuffed. Later at the station where her arrest was being booked she managed to slip her cuffs
Estella Warren
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Warren shooting the movie Blue Seduction in November 2008.
5.
Michael Shannon
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Michael Corbett Shannon is an American actor and musician. He made his debut opposite Bill Murray in Groundhog Day and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile. Shannon is known for his versatility, performing in both comedies and dramas. Notable projects include Pearl Harbor, Bad Boys II, Bug, Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead, The Iceman, Man of Steel and Elvis & Nixon. He is a frequent collaborator with Jeff Nichols, appearing in all of his films, Shotgun Stories, Take Shelter, Mud, Midnight Special and he is also known for his role as Nelson Van Alden/George Mueller in the HBO period drama series Boardwalk Empire. Shannon has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for Revolutionary Road. 99 Homes further earned him nominations for a Screen Actors Guild Award, Shannon was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and is a grandson of entomologist Raymond Corbett Shannon. His father, Donald Sutherlin Shannon, was a professor at DePaul University. He was raised by his parents in both Lexington, Kentucky, and Chicago, Illinois. He attended New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois and he later became a stage actor in Chicago. He helped found A Red Orchid Theatre, where he regularly performs. He has since worked with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Northlight Theatre, Shannon originated the role of Peter Evans in Bug in 1996 and also starred in the 2006 film adaptation with Ashley Judd and Harry Connick Jr. directed by William Friedkin. His roles in Bug and Killer Joe were written by Steppenwolf ensemble member Tracy Letts, Shannon made his film debut with a small role in Groundhog Day in 1993 as a wedding groom. Later, he had roles in Jesus Son, Pearl Harbor,8 Mile and he played the villain in Kangaroo Jack. After a role in Bad Boys II, he had a role in Grand Theft Parsons as the hippie. In 2006, he played the leader of a white supremacist group, Lynard. Shannon has appeared in shows in the West End in London. Shannons role in Revolutionary Road, also starring Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio, in the 2010 HBO television show Boardwalk Empire, Shannon plays the role of Federal Prohibition agent Nelson Van Alden
Michael Shannon
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Michael Shannon at the 2015
Toronto International Film Festival.
Michael Shannon
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Shannon (far right) with
Robert Davi and
Stephen Dorff at the
2012 Toronto International Film Festival
Michael Shannon
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Shannon at the
2011 Toronto International Film Festival
6.
Bill Hunter (actor)
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William John Bill Hunter was an Australian actor of film, stage and television, who was also prominent as a voice-over artist. He appeared in more than 60 films and won two AFI Awards and he was also a recipient of the Centenary Medal. Hunter was born in Ballarat, a son of William and Francie Hunter and he had a brother, John, and a sister, Marie Ann. During his teens, Hunter was a swimmer, and briefly held a world record for the 100 yards freestyle until his record was broken by John Devitt in the very next heat ten minutes later. Hunter had qualified for the Australian swimming team in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, Hunter made his film debut as an extra in 1957 film The Shiralee. An introduction to Ava Gardner saw him gain a job as an extra and swimming double in the Hollywood film On the Beach, which was filming in Melbourne. Hunter claimed that he was inspired to take up acting after watching one of the leads do 27 takes of a scene and he took an intensive drama course in Melbourne, and then won a two-year scholarship to the prestigious Northampton Repertory Company in England. In 1966, he made his debut in an uncredited role in two episodes of the Doctor Who serial The Ark. In 2007, he reprised the role of Bob in the Australian touring stage production of Priscilla and he also provided the voice of the dentist in Finding Nemo and the voice of Bubo in Legend of the Guardians, The Owls of GaHoole. He portrayed United Nations Secretary General Spencer Chartwell in the American science fiction series Space, Above and his last film role was in The Cup. Of acting, Hunter said, As long as the director told me where to stand and what to say, anyone who says theres any more to it than that, is full of bullshit. It is a craft, but theres no art involved, what you need is common sense and a reasonably rough head. You put on the makeup and the wardrobe, and that is half the performance and that upsets the purists, but never mind, they dont work as much as I do. Hunters first marriage was to Robbie Anderson from 1963 to 1973, with whom he had a son and his next marriage was to actress Pat Bishop, in 1976. According to writer Bob Ellis, the marriage was short-lived after Hunter ran off with their marriage celebrant and his third marriage was to artist and television presenter Rhoda Roberts, from 1993 until their divorce in 1999. On 15 May 2011, Hunter was admitted to Caritas Christi hospice in Kew after refusing to go to a hospital, surrounded by family and friends, he died of liver cancer on 21 May 2011, aged 71. A memorial service for Hunter was held at Melbournes Princess Theatre on 26 May, close friend and co-star Mick Molloy paid tribute to Bill Hunter on stage at the 54th Logie Awards in April 2012. Hunter won the 1978 AFI Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Newsfront, in 2001, he was awarded the Centenary Medal for service to acting
Bill Hunter (actor)
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Bill Hunter
7.
Christopher Walken
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He was nominated for the same award and won BAFTA and Screen Actors Guild Awards for his performance as Frank Abagnale Sr. in Catch Me If You Can. Walkens films have grossed more than $1 billion in the United States and he has also played the lead in the Shakespeare plays Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet and Coriolanus. He is a popular guest-host of Saturday Night Live, having hosted seven times as of April 2008, Walken debuted as a film director and scriptwriter with the short film Popcorn Shrimp in 2001. He also wrote and acted the role in a play about his idol Elvis Presley, titled Him. Named after actor Ronald Colman, Walken was born Ronald Walken on March 31,1943 in Astoria, Queens, New York City. He is the son of Rosalie, a British emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, and Paul Wälken and his father owned and operated Walkens Bakery in Astoria. Influenced by their mothers own dreams of stardom, he and his brothers, Kenneth, at age 15, when a girlfriend showed him a magazine photo of Elvis, Walken said, This guy looked like a Greek god. Then I saw him on television and he changed his hairstyle to imitate Elvis and hasnt changed it since. As a teenager, he worked as a lion tamer in a circus, Walken initially trained as a dancer in music theatre at the Washington Dance Studio before moving on to dramatic roles in theatre and then film. As a child, Walken appeared on screen as an extra in numerous anthology series, after appearing in a sketch with Martin and Lewis on The Colgate Comedy Hour, Walken decided to become an actor. He landed a role in the 1953 television show The Wonderful John Acton as the shows narrator. During this time, he was credited as Ronnie Walken, over the next two years, he appeared frequently on television and had a thriving career in theatre. From 1954 to 1956, Walken and his brother Glenn originated the role of Michael Bauer on the soap opera The Guiding Light, in 1963, he appeared as a character named Chris in an episode of Naked City, starring Paul Burke. In 1966, Walken played the role of King Philip of France in the Broadway premiere of The Lion in Winter, in 1969, Walken guest-starred in Hawaii Five-O as Navy SP Walt Kramer. He prefers to be known informally as Chris instead of Christopher, Walken made his feature film debut with a small role opposite Sean Connery in Sidney Lumets The Anderson Tapes. In 1972s The Mind Snatchers a. k. a, the Happiness Cage, Walken played his first starring role. In this science fiction film, which deals with control and normalization. Paul Mazurskys 1976 film Next Stop, Greenwich Village had Walken, under the name Chris Walken, playing fictional poet, in Woody Allens 1977 film Annie Hall, Walken played the homicidal and borderline crazy brother of Annie Hall
Christopher Walken
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Walken in 2008
Christopher Walken
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Walken in 1984 stage play, Hurlyburly
Christopher Walken
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Walken (right) on the set of Celluloide, 1996
8.
Trevor Rabin
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Trevor Charles Rabin is a South African American musician, singer-songwriter, producer, and film composer. Born and raised in Johannesburg, South Africa, Rabin was born into a family of musicians. After taking up the piano and guitar, Rabin became a musician with a variety of artists prior to forming his first major rock band Rabbitt who enjoyed considerable success in South Africa. In 1978, Rabin moved to London to further his career, working as a solo artist and he moved to Los Angeles in 1981. In 1983 Rabins band, Cinema, re-formed the English progressive rock band Yes after Jon Anderson joined, Rabin, as guitarist, was a part of Yes on their albums 90125, Big Generator, Union, and Talk. Developed mostly from Rabins compositions,90125 remains the bands biggest selling album and its lead single, Owner of a Lonely Heart, is the only one from the band to top the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In 1995, Rabin left to become a composer and has scored over 40 feature films and won numerous awards. He continues to release albums, the most recent of which is Jacaranda, in 2017 he will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes. Rabin was born on 13 January 1954 in Johannesburg, South Africa, into a family of musicians. His mother, Joy, was a painter, ballet dancer, actress, and classical pianist, and his father, Godfrey, was a lawyer, conductor, and the lead violinist in the Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra. His paternal grandfather, Gershon Rabinowitz, was a butcher who arrived in South Africa in the late nineteenth century. Rabins brother Derek is three years his elder, Rabin has described his family as extremely anti-apartheid. Rabins father was born Jewish and his mother converted to Judaism, in his youth, Rabin attended Parktown Boys High School in Johannesburg and took up the piano at age six. He recalled, Pushed by my parents, I had two lessons a week and practised an hour a day for years, whether I liked it or not. At twelve, he started to teach himself the guitar using piano exercise books, a year later he played in The Other before forming Conglomeration, and later joining Freedoms Children for a one-year stint in 1973. Rabin studied orchestration at the University of Johannesburg in preparation to be a conductor before he decided to pursue a career in rock music. After he was discovered by a producer at age sixteen, Rabin became a session musician. He cites Arnold Schoenberg, Tchaikovsky, Hank Marvin, Cliff Richard, at nineteen, Rabin took a mandatory year of military conscription in the South African Army by serving in its entertainment division, arranging its big band and performing in a rock group
Trevor Rabin
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Rabin performing with
Yes in 1994
9.
Castle Rock Entertainment
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Castle Rock Entertainment is an American film and television production company founded in 1987 by Martin Shafer, director Rob Reiner, Andrew Scheinman, Glenn Padnick and Alan Horn. It is a subsidiary of Time Warners Warner Bros, Reiner and Scheinman already had a production company. They were friends with Shafer, who worked with Horn at 20th Century Fox at the time, Horn was disappointed at Fox and agreed to join the trio at forming the company. Horn brought along Padnick, who was an executive at Embassy Television, in Castle Rock, Horn became the CEO, Shafer ran the film division, Padnick ran TV, and Reiner & Scheinman became involved in the development of productions. The company was backed by The Coca-Cola Company, the then-parent company of Columbia Pictures. Coke and the companys founders jointly owned a stake in the company, months after the deal, Coke exited the entertainment business, succeeded by Columbia Pictures Entertainment. In 1989, Castle Rock was supported by another backer, Group W, some of Nelsons holdings were later acquired by New Line Cinema, which took over Nelsons duty. Columbia, shortly after the formation, thereafter had to re-invest with a substantial change in terms when accumulated losses exhausted its initial funding. Reiner has stated that Castle Rocks purpose was to allow freedom to individuals. Castle Rock was to make films of the highest quality, whether they made or lost money, Castle Rock has also produced several television shows, such as the successful sitcom Seinfeld and the animated sitcom Mission Hill. In August 1993, Turner Broadcasting System agreed to acquire Castle Rock, the sale was completed on December 22,1993. The motivation behind the purchase to allow a company to handle the overhead. Turner Broadcasting eventually merged with Time Warner in 1996, Castle Rock Entertainment then became a division of Warner Bros. MGM owns the rights to the pre-1994 Castle Rock Entertainment films because of the acquisition of the pre-1996 PolyGram library where Nelson Entertainment was in it. Warner Bros. through Castle Rock, owns its post-1994 library and the TV rights to the pre-1994 library with the exception of Seinfeld and Thea
Castle Rock Entertainment
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Castle Rock Entertainment
Castle Rock Entertainment
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The original Castle Rock Entertainment logo used from 1989 to 1994.
10.
Jerry Bruckheimer Films
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Jerome Leon Jerry Bruckheimer is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama and his best known television series are CSI, Crime Scene Investigation, CSI, Miami, CSI, NY, Without a Trace, Cold Case, and the U. S. version of The Amazing Race. At one point, three of his TV series ranked among the top 10 in the U. S. ratings—a unique feat in television and he also serves as a Director at ZeniMax Media. Many of his films have produced by Disney and Paramount, while many of his television series have been co-produced by Warner Bros. Bruckheimer was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of German Jewish immigrants and he graduated from Mumford High School in Detroit, at age 17, before moving to Arizona for college. Bruckheimer was also a member of the Stamp Collecting Club. He graduated with a degree in psychology from the University of Arizona and he was a member of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity. A film buff at an age with an interest in photography. After college Bruckheimer worked in advertising in Detroit and New York City, as of 2010, Bruckheimer has produced over 40 feature films, and is regarded in the industry as one of the most successful film producers of all time. Bruckheimer started producing films in the 1970s, after leaving his job in advertising and they had worked together on the films The Culpepper Cattle Company, Farewell, My Lovely, and March or Die. Bruckheimer then worked with Paul Schrader on two films, American Gigolo and Cat People, which began to give him notice in Hollywood, during the 1980s and 1990s, he was a co-producer with Don Simpson of a string of highly successful Hollywood films for Paramount Pictures. He originally met Don at a screening of 1973s The Harder They Come at Warner Brothers, the two worked together and created Bruckheimers first big hit, 1983s Flashdance, which brought in US$95 million, an incredible sum for an R-rated film. He had a number of hits during that time period, including the Beverly Hills Cop films, Top Gun. Top Gun marked his first collaboration with English director Tony Scott, while working with Simpson, Bruckheimer became known as Mr. Outside because of his experience with film making, while Simpson became known as Mr. Inside because of his film industry contacts. The Rock was the last film in which Bruckheimer collaborated with Simpson, Bruckheimer stipulated that The Rock be dedicated to the memory of Simpson. His other hit films produced include Remember the Titans, Black Hawk Down and he has also acquired the rights to produce a film based on the popular role playing game by Palladium Books, Rifts. Early in his career, Bruckheimer produced television commercials, including one for Pepsi, since 1997 he has branched out into television, creating a number of police dramas of which CSI, Crime Scene Investigation has been the most successful. He has also produced the reality game show The Amazing Race, in May 2008 CBS announced it had picked up Bruckheimers newest series, Eleventh Hour, for the 2008–2009 broadcast television season
Jerry Bruckheimer Films
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Bruckheimer at a ceremony to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in June 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer Films
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Bruckheimer with
Johnny Depp and
Tom Cruise in June 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer Films
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Bruckheimer at the 2014 WonderCon
11.
Warner Bros. Family Entertainment
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Family Entertainment was the family film label of Warner Bros. established in 1992. It is best known for producing numerous family films and television series in either live-action or animation, the division was founded in 1992 to produce more family-friendly films. The first theatrical film released under the Family Entertainment label was Dennis the Menace, the film proved to be a huge hit at the box office, grossing over $50 million at the domestic box office. Following it was Free Willy, which was released in the summer of 1993. WBFE made another film in 1993, called George Balanchines The Nutcracker, the last 1993 WBFE theatrical release was Batman, Mask of the Phantasm, and it wasnt a success at the box office, getting only $5 million at the box office compared to its $6 million budget. 1994 was the worst year for WBFE, where it was home to numerous flops, in the early part of 1994, Warner released Thumbelina, which was a major flop at the box office. Another 1994 film was a rendition of the book Black Beauty. Following it was A Troll in Central Park, which garnered less than $1 million at the box office, in 1995, it brought a live-action rendition of the book A Little Princess, which only got over $10 million in its domestic release. Other films include international releases of The Pebble and the Penguin, which was a bomb at the box office, grossing nearly $4 million, and Born to Be Wild, which also garnered nearly $4 million. In 1996, it would bring WBFEs biggest hit yet, Space Jam, in 1997, it would be home to some of Warners least-successful movies yet. The next film was released in 1997, Turner Feature Animations Cats Dont Dance, the next 1997 film was a sequel to The Swan Princess, The Swan Princess, Escape from Castle Mountain, but it performed poorly at the box office mainly because of a limited theatrical release. The final 1997 film was the third Free Willy film, Free Willy 3, The Rescue, in 1998, it released Warner Bros. Animations Quest for Camelot, which would be a flop at the box office, in 1999, it brought two more films from Warner Bros. Animation, the poorly performed The King and I, which grossed nearly $12 million, and Brad Bird’s The Iron Giant. The only 2000 film released under WBFE was My Dog Skip, two family films were released in 2001 through WBFE. Cats & Dogs was proved to be one of the biggest successes of the company’s history, the next film, Osmosis Jones, was hoped to follow the previous two films in the success line-up, but sadly flopped, only grossing nearly $15 million. Warner Bros. continued to release family films later in the 2000s, the last film to have the Family Entertainment banner was their first film to be released in Germany and England only, Lauras Star. In 2006, Warner Bros. released The Ant Bully, which was a box office disappointment, earning only $28 million in the US, Tiny Toon Adventures, How I Spent My Vacation Tweetys High-Flying Adventure Bah, Humduck
Warner Bros. Family Entertainment
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Warner Bros. Family Entertainment
12.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from
The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
13.
English language
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English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
English language
–
The opening to the Old English epic poem
Beowulf,
handwritten in
half-uncial script: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon... "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
English language
–
Countries of the world where English is a majority native language
English language
–
Title page of Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales c.1400
14.
Buddy film
–
The buddy film is a film genre in which two people—often both men— are put together. The two often contrast in personality, which creates a different dynamic onscreen than a pairing of two people of the opposite gender, the contrast is sometimes accentuated by an ethnic difference between the two. The buddy film is commonplace in American cinema, unlike other film genres, it endured through the 20th century with different pairings. A buddy film portrays the pairing of two people, often the same sex, historically men, a friendship between the two people is the key relationship in a buddy film. The two people often come from different backgrounds or have different personalities, and they tend to one another. Through the events of the film, they gain a stronger friendship. Buddy films often deal with crises of masculinity, especially related to class, race, ira Konigsberg writes in the The Complete Film Dictionary, Such films extol the virtues of male comradeship and relegate male–female relationships to a subsidiary position. In buddy films, the two men are different, and their relationship with each other is challenged by events in the film. The two are different enough that one is aggravated by the other. The interaction between two men also differs from the interaction between a man and a woman, which shapes a films dynamics, robert Kolker writes in A Cinema of Loneliness, The buddy complex views sexuality as an obstacle to manly acts. But this denial of sexuality carries a covert admission of the possibilities of homosexuality, Kolker says the main characters typically have relationships with female secondary characters who are relegated to the background. In the 1962 Italian film Il sorpasso, the characters Roberto and Bruno spend time together, sergio Rigoletto writes, Their statements of emotional proximity are. Always quite oblique. in doing so they comply with the dominant social conventions according to which the love two men cannot be clearly spoken in films. While the characters do not have sex with women in the film, women in the film are secondary characters and possess traits that negatively contrast them with the male–male relationship. A female buddy film is similar to a buddy film except that the characters feature females. The cast may be mainly female depending on the plot, the female buddy film is a recent trend in mainstream cinema. Buddy films are often hybridized with other genres, such as road movies, Westerns, comedies. The threats to masculinity of the male–male relationship depend on the genre, women in comedies, the law in films about outlaw buddies, and criminals in action films about cop buddies
Buddy film
–
Richard Pryor (left, pictured in 1986) and Gene Wilder (right, pictured in 1984)
Buddy film
–
Laurel and Hardy in the 1939 film
The Flying Deuces. Laurel and Hardy were one of the first pairings, appearing in buddy films from the 1930s onward.
Buddy film
15.
Action comedy
–
Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences, while action has long been a recurring component in films, the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. The genre is associated with the thriller and adventure film genres. Some historians consider The Great Train Robbery to be the first action film, during the 1920s and 1930s, action-based films were often swashbuckling adventure films in which actors, such as Douglas Fairbanks, wielded swords in period pieces or Westerns. The 1940s and 1950s saw action in a new form through war, the film, along with a war-adventure called The Guns of Navarone, inspired producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman to invest in their own spy-adventure, based on the novels of Ian Fleming. The long-running success of the James Bond films or series introduced a staple of the action film. Such larger-than-life characters were a veritable “one-man army”, able to dispatch villainous masterminds after cutting through their disposable henchmen in increasingly creative ways, such heroes are ready with one-liners, puns, and dry quips. The Bond films also used fast cutting, car chases, fist fights, a variety of weapons and gadgets, Dirty Harry essentially lifted its star, Clint Eastwood, out of his cowboy typecasting, and framed him as the archetypal hero of the urban action film. In many countries, restrictions on language, adult content, and violence had loosened up, in the 1970s, martial-arts films from Hong Kong became popular with Western audiences and inspired big budget films such as Bruce Lees Enter the Dragon. Chuck Norris blended martial arts with cops and robbers in films such as Good Guys Wear Black, from Japan, Sonny Chiba starred in his first martial arts movie in 1973 called the Karate Kiba. His breakthrough international hit was The Street Fighter series, which established him as the reigning Japanese martial arts actor in international cinema and he also played the role of Mas Oyama in Champion of Death, Karate Bearfighter, and Karate for Life. Chibas action films were not only bounded by martial arts, but also action thriller, jidaigeki, in the 1980s Hollywood produced many big budget action blockbusters with actors such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lorenzo Lamas, Michael Dudikoff, Charles Bronson and Bruce Willis. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas paid their homage to the Bond-inspired style with Raiders of the Lost Ark, in 1982, veteran actor Nick Nolte and rising comedian Eddie Murphy broke box office records with the action-comedy 48 Hrs. credited as the first buddy-cop movie. That same year, Sylvester Stallone starred in First Blood, the first installment in the Rambo film series made the character John Rambo a pop culture icon. 1984 saw the beginning of the Terminator starring Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger and this story provides one of the grittiest roles for a woman in action and Hamilton was required to put in extensive effort to develop a strong physique. The 1988 film, Die Hard, was influential on the development of the action genre. In the film, Bruce Willis plays a New York police detective who becomes embroiled in a terrorist take-over of a Los Angeles office building high-rise. The film set a pattern for a host of imitators, like Under Siege and Sudden Death, by the end of the 1980s, the influence of the successful action film could be felt in almost every genre
Action comedy
–
Actor
Sylvester Stallone starred as a troubled Vietnam war vet who becomes a "one man army" in the popular
Rambo action films.
16.
Adam Garcia
–
Adam Gabriel Garcia is an Australian actor, singer, and dancer. Garcia was born in Wahroonga, New South Wales, Garcia left university to take the role of the Slide in the production of the musical Hot Shoe Shuffle, which toured Australia for two years before transferring to London, England. He remained in London to act in West End musicals, garcias career as a film actor began in 1997, when he played Jones in Wilde, a film about Oscar Wilde. Garcia played Tony Manero in the version of Saturday Night Fever. Garcia reached number 15 in the UK singles chart in 1998, with his version of the Bee Gees song Night Fever. His second feature-film performance was a role in the 2000 film Coyote Ugly. Later in 2000, he played the role of Sean in Bootmen, in 2003, he voiced the title character in the film Kangaroo Jack. In 2006–07, he starred as Fiyero in the original London production of Wicked alongside Idina Menzel and he previously played the role during the shows early Broadway workshops in 2000. In late 2008, Garcia appeared in two ITV dramas, Britannia High in which he plays the teacher, and Mr Eleven. In January 2010, Garcia appeared with Ashley Banjo and Kimberly Wyatt as a judge on the reality show Got To Dance, in 2011, Garcia was cast in The Hen Do. In 2012, Garcia appeared in Cole Porters Kiss Me, Kate at the Chichester Festival Theatre, directed by Trevor Nunn, Garcia became the fourth judge on the 2013 Australian version of Dancing with the Stars. In 2011-12, Garcia was in Threesome, a British television sitcom which began airing on 17 October 2011 on Comedy Central and it was the first original scripted comedy commissioned by Comedy Central and produced by Big Talk Productions. On 26 March 2015, he married Nathalia Chubin in London, adam Garcia at the Internet Movie Database
Adam Garcia
–
Adam Garcia
17.
Rotten Tomatoes
–
Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
Rotten Tomatoes
–
60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
–
≤0-59%
18.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a Census-estimated 2,636,735 residents in 2015. It borders the borough of Queens at the end of Long Island. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U. S. behind Los Angeles, the borough continues, however, to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves, Brooklyns official motto, displayed on the Borough seal and flag, is Eendraght Maeckt Maght which translates from early modern Dutch as Unity makes strength. Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms. The history of European settlement in Brooklyn spans more than 350 years, the neighborhood of Marine Park was home to North Americas first tidal mill. It was built by the Dutch, and the foundation can be seen today, however, the area was not formally settled as a town. Many incidents and documents relating to this period are in Gabriel Furmans early compilation, what is today Brooklyn left Dutch hands after the final English conquest of New Netherland in 1664, a prelude to the Second Anglo–Dutch War. The English reorganized the six old Dutch towns on southwestern Long Island as Kings County on November 1,1683 and this tract of land was recognized as a political entity for the first time, and the municipal groundwork was laid for a later expansive idea of Brooklyn identity. On August 27,1776 was fought the Battle of Long Island, the first major engagement fought in the American Revolutionary War after independence was declared, and the largest of the entire conflict. British troops forced Continental Army troops under George Washington off the heights near the sites of Green-Wood Cemetery, Prospect Park. The fortified American positions at Brooklyn Heights consequently became untenable and were evacuated a few days later, One result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 was the evacuation of the British from New York City, celebrated by residents into the 20th century. The New York Navy Yard operated in Wallabout Bay for the entire 19th century, the first center of urbanization sprang up in the Town of Brooklyn, directly across from Lower Manhattan, which saw the incorporation of the Village of Brooklyn in 1817. Reliable steam ferry service across the East River to Fulton Landing converted Brooklyn Heights into a town for Wall Street. Ferry Road to Jamaica Pass became Fulton Street to East New York, Town and Village were combined to form the first, kernel incarnation of the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Industrial deconcentration in mid-century was bringing shipbuilding and other manufacturing to the part of the county. Each of the two cities and six towns in Kings County remained independent municipalities, and purposely created non-aligning street grids with different naming systems and it later became the most popular and highest circulation afternoon paper in America. The publisher changed to L. Van Anden on April 19,1842, on May 14,1849 the name was shortened to The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, on September 5,1938 it was further shortened to Brooklyn Eagle
Brooklyn
–
Clockwise from top left:
Brooklyn Bridge, Brooklyn brownstones,
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch,
Brooklyn Borough Hall,
Coney Island
Brooklyn
–
Currier and Ives print of Brooklyn, 1886.
Brooklyn
–
Brooklyn Museum - Hooker's Map of the Village of Brooklyn
Brooklyn
–
A typical dining table in the Dutch village of Brooklyn, c. 1664, from
The Brooklyn Museum.
19.
Gangster
–
A gangster is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Some gangs are considered to be part of organized crime, gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger, gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Some gangsters, such as Al Capone have become infamous, gangsters are the subject of many novels and films, particularly from the period between 1920 and 1990. Some contemporary criminals refer to themselves as gangsta in reference to non-rhotic Black American pronunciation, in todays usage, the term gang is generally used for a criminal organization, and the term gangster invariably describes a criminal. Much has been written on the subject of gangs, although there is no consensus about what constitutes a gang or what situations lead to gang formation and evolution. For example, the view that illegal drug distribution in the United States is largely controlled by gangs has been questioned. A gang may be a small group of people who cooperate in criminal acts, as with the Jesse James gang. But a gang may be a group with a formal organization that survives the death of its leader. The Chicago Outfit created by Al Capone outlasted its founders imprisonment and death, the term organized crime is associated with gangs and gangsters, but is not synonymous. A small street gang that engages in sporadic low-level crime would not be seen as organized, an organization that coordinates gangs in different countries involved in the international trade in drugs or prostitutes may not be considered a gang. The Sicilian Mafia, or Cosa Nostra is a syndicate that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century in Sicily, Italy. It is an association of criminal groups that share a common organizational structure. The origins lie in the upheaval of Sicilys transition out of feudalism in 1812, under feudalism, the nobility owned most of the land and enforced law and order through their private armies. After 1812, the feudal barons steadily sold off or rented their lands to private citizens, primogeniture was abolished, land could no longer be seized to settle debts, and one fifth of the land was to become private property of the peasants. Organized crime has existed in Russia since the days of Imperial Russia in the form of banditry and thievery, in the Soviet period Vory v Zakone emerged, a class of criminals that had to abide by certain rules in the prison system. One such rule was that cooperation with the authorities of any kind was forbidden, in 1988 the Soviet Union legalized private enterprise but did not provide regulations to ensure the security of market economy. Crude markets emerged, the most notorious being the Rizhsky market where prostitution rings were run next to the Rizhsky Railway Station in Moscow, as the Soviet Union headed for collapse many former government workers turned to crime, while others moved overseas
Gangster
–
Yakuza, or Japanese mafia are not allowed to show their tattoos in public except during the Sanja Matsuri festival.
Gangster
–
Sketch of the 1901 maxi trial of suspected mafiosi in Palermo. From the newspaper
L'Ora, May 1901
Gangster
–
Du Yuesheng (1888-1951), a Chinese gangster and important
Kuomintang supporter who spent much of his life in Shanghai
Gangster
–
Members of Colonel Martinez's Search Bloc celebrate over
Pablo Escobar 's body on December 2, 1993
20.
Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
Australia
–
Aboriginal rock art in the
Kimberley region of Western Australia
Australia
Australia
–
Portrait of Captain
James Cook, the first European to map the eastern coastline of Australia in 1770
Australia
–
Tasmania's
Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed
Australian Convict Sites.
21.
Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
–
The Toyota J40 is the model designation for a Toyota Land Cruiser 40 series made from 1960 until 1984. Most 40 series Land Cruisers were built as 2-door SUVs with slightly larger dimensions than a Jeep CJ, the model was available as the FJ40 series and also BJ40/41/42, BJ43/44/46 or HJ45/47 designation where it had a Diesel engine. References to the series in this article will be to the J40 series unless referring to one of the petrol or diesel models specifically, for the history of the J series from the original 1951 Toyota Jeep BJ through the J20 series see Land Cruiser History from 1950 to 1955. 1963, Longer wheelbase, FJ45-B, pickup and cab-chassis were added),1967, End of four-door FJ45V production, replaced by FJ55 Station wagon). 1968 40-series production commences in Brazil, with local Mercedes-Benz diesel engine 1973, hJ45 launched with the H,3. 6-litre inline 6-cylinder diesel engine. 1974, BJ40/43 launched with the B,3. 0-litre inline 4-cylinder diesel engine, a factory-fitted roll bar becomes standard in the United States. 1975, Rear ambulance doors are added to US model FJ40s, the lift gate remains available as an option in other countries. 1976, Disc brakes on the front axle. 0-liter six-cylinder diesel engine, bJ42/46 and BJ45 launched with a 3. 4-liter four-cylinder diesel engine. 1981, Power steering added on the BJ models to the options,1984, End of J40 series production. 1993, Five-speed transmission becomes available for the Toyota Bandeirante,1994, In Brazil, the Mercedes-Benz OM-364 engine is replaced by the Toyota 14B unit. The J40/41/42 was a short wheelbase four-wheel-drive vehicle, with either a soft or a hardtop. It was available with petrol or diesel engines over its lifetime. It was replaced on most markets from 1984 by the J70 series, the FJ42 is 4X2 model, for only The Middle East. The J43/J44/46 was an extremely rare two-door medium wheelbase four-wheel-drive vehicle and it was replaced on most markets from 1984 by the J70 series. The J45/47 was a long-wheelbase four-wheel-drive vehicle, available in hardtop, three-door hardtop, four-door station wagon. The four-door station wagon model was the shortest-lived of the J40 series, the Bandeirante TB25/TB41/TB51 Series are J25 series Land Cruisers built in Brazil by Toyota do Brasil Ltda from 1962 to 1968. The second generation Bandeirante OJ40/OJ45 Series, OJ50/OJ55 Series and BJ50/BJ55 Series are J40 series cars built in Brazil by Toyota do Brasil Ltda from 1968 to 2001, oJ55LP-BL - Long pickup with native bed - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - new in 19. OJ55LP-BL3 - Short chassis-cab pickup - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - new in 19, oJ55LP-2BL - Long 2-door double cabin pickup with native bed - motor Mercedes-Benz OM-314 - new in 19
Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
–
Toyota Land Cruiser 40 series
Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
–
1975 Land Cruiser FJ45 pickup
Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
–
A BJ40 in the
Gibson Desert in 2006
Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
–
A 45 Troop Carrier (II) in action
22.
Kangaroo
–
The kangaroo is a marsupial from the family Macropodidae. The Australian government estimates that 34.3 million kangaroos lived within the commercial harvest areas of Australia in 2011, as with the terms wallaroo and wallaby, kangaroo refers to a polyphyletic grouping of species. All three refer to members of the taxonomic family, Macropodidae, and are distinguished according to size. The largest species in the family are called kangaroos and the smallest are generally called wallabies, the term wallaroos refers to species of an intermediate size. There is also the tree-kangaroo, another genus of macropod, which inhabits the rainforests of New Guinea, far northeastern Queensland. Kangaroos have large, powerful legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance. Like most marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which joeys complete postnatal development, the large kangaroos have adapted much better than the smaller macropods to land clearing for pastoral agriculture and habitat changes brought to the Australian landscape by humans. Many of the species are rare and endangered, while kangaroos are relatively plentiful. The kangaroo is important to both Australian culture and the image, and consequently there are numerous popular culture references. Wild kangaroos are shot for meat, leather hides, and to grazing land. Although controversial, kangaroo meat has perceived health benefits for human consumption compared with traditional meats due to the low level of fat on kangaroos, the word kangaroo derives from the Guugu Yimithirr word gangurru, referring to grey kangaroos. Cook first referred to kangaroos in his entry of 4 August. Guugu Yimithirr is the language of the people of the area, a common myth about the kangaroos English name is that kangaroo was a Guugu Yimithirr phrase for I dont understand you. According to this legend, Cook and Banks were exploring the area when they happened upon the animal and they asked a nearby local what the creatures were called. The local responded Kangaroo, meaning I dont understand you, which Cook took to be the name of the creature and this myth was debunked in the 1970s by linguist John B. Haviland in his research with the Guugu Yimithirr people, Kangaroos are often colloquially referred to as roos. Male kangaroos are called bucks, boomers, jacks, or old men, females are does, flyers, or jills, the collective noun for kangaroos is a mob, troop, or court. There are four species that are referred to as kangaroos
Kangaroo
–
Kangaroo
Kangaroo
–
A male
red kangaroo
Kangaroo
–
Red kangaroo grazing
Kangaroo
–
Palatal view of a
Sthenurus sp skull
23.
Outback
–
The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. Culturally, the Outback is deeply ingrained in Australian heritage, history, early European exploration of inland Australia was sporadic. More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas, the first party to successfully cross the Blue Mountains just outside Sydney was led by Gregory Blaxland in 1813,25 years after the colony was established. This contrasts with the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1860–61 which was better funded. The Overland Telegraph line was constructed in the 1870s along the route identified by Stuart, mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed. While the early explorers used horses to cross the outback, the first woman to make the riding a horse was Anna Hingley. The paucity of land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of the largest remaining. The savanna of northern Australia are the largest, intact savanna regions in the world, in the south, the Great Western Woodlands, which occupy 16,000,000 hectares, an area larger than all of England, are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth. Reflecting the wide climatic and geological variation, the Outback contains a wealth of distinctive, the Australian Outback is full of very important well-adapted wildlife, although much of it may not be immediately visible to the casual observer. Many animals, such as red kangaroos and dingoes, hide in bushes to rest, birdlife is prolific, most often seen at waterholes at dawn and dusk. Huge flocks of budgerigars, cockatoos, corellas and galahs are often sighted, on bare ground or roads during the winter, various species of snakes and lizards bask in the sun, but they are rarely seen during the summer months. Feral animals such as camels thrive in central Australia, brought to Australia by pastoralists and explorers, feral horses known as brumbies are station horses that have run wild. Feral pigs, foxes, cats and rabbits are other imported animals that also degrade the environment, so time, the Outback is home to a diverse set of animal species, such as the kangaroo, emu and dingo. The Dingo Fence was built to restrict dingo movements into agricultural areas towards the south east of the continent, the marginally fertile parts are primarily utilised as rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle grazing, on cattle stations which are leased from the Federal Government. While small areas of the outback consist of soils the majority has exceedingly infertile palaeosols. Riversleigh, in Queensland, is one of Australias most renowned fossil sites and was recorded as a World Heritage site in 1994, the 100 km2 area contains fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene age. The largest industry across the Outback, in terms of the occupied, is pastoralism, in which cattle, sheep. Capitalizing on the lack of improvement and absence of fertiliser and pesticide use
Outback
–
View across sand plains and salt pans to
Mount Connor, Central Australia
Outback
–
A
tourism sign post
Yalgoo, Western Australia
Outback
–
The
Dingo Fence near
Coober Pedy
Outback
–
Fitzgerald River National Park in Western Australia
