1.
Kansas
–
Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ is a U. S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita, Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribes name is said to mean people of the wind or people of the south wind. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous, tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. When it was opened to settlement by the U. S. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided. The abolitionists eventually prevailed, and on January 29,1861, after the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of 82,278 square miles is the 15th largest state by area and is the 34th most populous of the 50 United States with a population of 2,911,641, residents of Kansas are called Kansans, officially. Mount Sunflower is Kansass highest point at 4,041 feet, for a millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, in 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, from 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state, the Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30,1854, establishing the U. S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery, the secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas, Kansas was admitted to the United States as a free state on January 29,1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature and his application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record
Kansas
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Samuel Seymour's 1819 illustration of a
Kansa lodge and dance is the oldest drawing known to be done in Kansas.
Kansas
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Flag
Kansas
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Kanopolis State Park.
Kansas
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Flint Hills in Wabaunsee County
2.
Public university
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A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
Public university
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Cairo University, the prime indigenous model for Egyptian state universities
Public university
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Old Merensky Library at
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Public university
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Sebelas Maret University, one of Indonesia's prominent public universities.
Public university
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Chulalongkorn University main auditorium in Thailand
3.
State university system (United States)
–
A state university system in the United States is a group of public universities supported by an individual state, or a similar entity such as the District of Columbia. These systems constitute the majority of public-funded universities in the country, each state supports at least one such system. State university systems should not be confused with federally funded colleges and universities, at which attendance is limited to military personnel, members of foreign militaries and governments also attend some schools. These schools include the United States service academies, Naval Postgraduate School, a state university system normally means a single legal entity and administration, but may consist of several institutions, each with its own identity as a university. Some states—such as California and Texas—support more than one such system, State universities get subsidies from their states. As more and more Americans attend college, and private tuition rates increase well beyond the rate of inflation, admission to universities is becoming more and more competitive. State university systems were a product of the demand for education in the newly formed United States. The tradition of publicly funded state colleges began primarily in the southern states, there remains significant debate about which institution or institutions are the oldest public universities in the United States. The University of Georgia is the countrys first chartered public university, however, the University of Georgia did not hold classes until 16 years later in the fall of 1801. The first collegiate-level classes conducted by an institution were at another Georgia institution. The school eventually dropped high school instruction, but remained a community college until becoming an institution in 1963. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, while chartered four years after Georgia in 1789, was the first state university to hold classes, classes began at UNC in 1795, and UNC is the only state university to have graduated students in the 18th century. The University of South Carolina was chartered in 1801 and held classes for the first time in 1805, determining which state university was the first is further complicated by the case of New Jerseys state university system. Rutgers University, which had previously been a school affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church, was designated as a state university by acts of the legislature in 1945 and 1956. It became a System with the absorptions of Newark University in 1946 and The College of South Jersey in 1950, becoming Rutgers Newark and Camden campuses, respectively. Rutgers was chartered in 1766, nineteen years before the University of Georgia, castleton State College in Vermont is the oldest state university in New England, chartered in 1787. This was soon followed by the charter of The University of Vermont in 1791, however, neither institution was a state university in the modern sense of the term until many decades later. Castleton State began as the Rutland County Grammar School and it did not become a postsecondary institution until the campus became home to the State Normal School in 1867
State university system (United States)
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Ilah Dunlap Little Library, the main library at the University of Georgia
State university system (United States)
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University of Houston
4.
Flagship university
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A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the ship in a fleet of vessels, typically the first, largest, fastest, most heavily armed. In common naval use, the flagship is fundamentally a temporary designation. Historically, only larger ships could accommodate such requirements, the term was also used by commercial fleets, when the distinction between a nations navy and merchant fleet was not clear. In the age of sailing ships, the flagship was typically a first-rate, non-first rates could serve as flagships, however, the USS Constitution, a frigate, served as flagship for parts of the United States Navy during the early 19th century. In the 20th century, ships became large enough that the types, cruisers and up, could accommodate a commander. Some larger ships may have a flag bridge for use by the admiral. Because its primary function is to coordinate a fleet, a flagship is not necessarily more heavily armed or armored than other ships, during World War II admirals often preferred a faster ship over the largest one. Modern flagships are designed primarily for command and control rather than for fighting, as with many other naval terms, flagship has crossed over into general usage, where it means the most important or leading member of a group, as in the flagship station of a broadcast network. Is used as both a noun and adjective describing the most prominent or highly touted product, brand, location, derivations include the flagship brand or flagship product of a manufacturing company, flagship store of a retail chain, or flagship service of a hospitality or transportation concern. The term flagship may have applications, Auto companies may have a flagship in the form of their leading or highest-priced car. Electronics companies may have a series of products considered to be their flagship, for example, the Samsung Galaxy S series consists of several flagship smartphones that are released on a yearly basis. In rail transport, a service is either the fastest or most luxurious. Often it is also a train or service. In some cases, special service or a class above first class may be available in the service while it is not offered in normal services. Flagship services are used to present the company in advertising or abroad. Most states in the United States provide public university education through one or more university systems, the phrase flagship institution or flagship university may be applied to an individual school or campus within each state system. These schools are often land-grant, sea-grant, or space-grant research universities, the use of the term is seen by some as elitist and boastful
Flagship university
–
HMS Victory, flagship of the
First Sea Lord of the
Royal Navy
Flagship university
–
Abercrombie & Fitch flagship store on
Fifth Avenue in
New York City
5.
Land-grant university
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A land-grant university is an institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890. The Morrill Acts funded educational institutions by granting federally controlled land to the states for them to sell, to funds, to establish. This mission was in contrast to the practice of higher education to focus on an abstract liberal arts curriculum. Ultimately, most land-grant colleges became large public universities that offer a full spectrum of educational opportunities. However, some land-grant colleges are schools, including Cornell University. The concept of publicly funded agricultural and technical educational institutions first rose to attention through the efforts of Jonathan Baldwin Turner in the late 1840s. The first land-grant bill was introduced in Congress by Representative Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont in 1857, the bill passed in 1859, but was vetoed by President James Buchanan. Morrill resubmitted his bill in 1861, and it was enacted into law in 1862. Upon passage of the federal land-grant law in 1862, Iowa was the first state legislature to accept the provisions of the Morrill Act, Iowa subsequently designated the State Agricultural College as the land grant college on March 29,1864. The first land-grant institution actually created under the Act was Kansas State University, which was established on February 16,1863, the oldest school that currently holds land-grant status is Rutgers University, founded in 1766 and designated the land-grant college of New Jersey in 1864. The oldest school to ever hold land-grant status was Yale University and this designation was later stripped by the Connecticut legislature under populist pressure and transferred to what would become the University of Connecticut. A second Morrill Act was passed in 1890, aimed at the former Confederate states and this act required each state to show that race was not an admissions criterion, or else to designate a separate land-grant institution for persons of color. Among the seventy colleges and universities which eventually evolved from the Morrill Acts are several of historically black colleges and universities. In imitation of the land-grant colleges focus on agricultural and mechanical research, Congress later established programs of sea grant colleges, space grant colleges and it is also the smallest land-grant university in the country. The Farmers High School of Pennsylvania, later to become The Pennsylvania State University, michigan State and Penn State were subsequently designated as the federal land-grant colleges for their states in 1863. Older state universities – such as the University of Georgia, which was established with a grant of land in 1784 – were also funded through the use of land grants. Indeed, land grants to institutions are a practice inherited from Europe. These earlier examples, however, offered a different mission than the education offered by land-grant institutions established under the Morrill Act
Land-grant university
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Painting of an early land grant college (
Kansas State University) from the Westward Expansion Corridor at the
U.S. Capitol
Land-grant university
–
Contents
Land-grant university
–
United States Postal Service commemorative
stamp
6.
University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter
University
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Degree ceremony at the
University of Oxford. The Pro-Vice-Chancellor in
MA gown and hood,
Proctor in official dress and new
Doctors of Philosophy in scarlet full dress. Behind them, a
bedel, a Doctor and Bachelors of Arts and Medicine graduate.
University
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The
University of Bologna is the oldest University in history, founded in 1088.
University
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Meeting of doctors at the
University of Paris. From a medieval manuscript.
University
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Sapienza University of Rome is the largest university in Europe and one of the most prestigious European universities.
7.
Kansas Board of Regents
–
The Kansas Board of Regents is a body consisting of nine members that governs six state universities in the U. S. state of Kansas. In addition to six universities, it also supervises and coordinates nineteen community colleges, five technical colleges, six technical schools. Refer to the list of colleges and universities for details on the individual schools, the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act established the U. S. territory of Kansas, opening the territory for settlement. Kansas was admitted as the 34th state to the United States on January 29,1861, by 1863, the Legislature had established Kansas State Agricultural College in Manhattan, the University of Kansas in Lawrence, and the Kansas State Normal School in Emporia. The members of this Board of Administration were appointed by the Governor, all could be from the same political party and all could be from the same geographic location. They were each paid the sum of $3,500 per year for their service and had expenses covered and they were charged with overseeing business operations at the universities, providing a biennial report to the Legislature, and hiring the chief executives of the institutions. By 1917, a new Board of Administration was created, composed of the Governor and this new Board of Administration took control of seven educational institutions as well as the penal, correctional, and charitable institutions of the State. Board members continued to receive a salary of $3,500 per year and were given the authority to one paid secretary. This was a body of nine members, appointed by the Governor, who served without pay, met on a statutory schedule. This act dissolved the Board of Administration, the purpose of this study was to help develop a plan for coordination and unification. The survey covered topics from state funding to the history and purposes of the institutions themselves, the results of this survey helped to spur the 1939 changes to the Board. In 1939, the Legislature recreated the nine-member Board of Regents as a bi-partisan board, the Governor was to appoint members to the Board and the Senate would confirm them. Five of the members were appointed from the party as that receiving the highest votes for Secretary of State. This legislation also gave the Board the power to appoint and remove executive heads, deans, professors, teachers, or other employees at the institutions it governed. The Educational Building Fund, which receives receipts from a 1.0 statewide mill levy on property, was authorized by an amendment in 1918. The Educational Building Fund levy has been at least 1.0 mill since 1955, in 1964, Wichita State University was brought under the Board of Regents, bringing the number of state universities governed by the Board to six. Kansas voters approved a Constitutional amendment in 1966 to provide for a nine-member Board of Regents and its supervision, the 1974 Session of the Legislature made provision for a payment of $35 per meeting day stipend for the members of all state boards, including the Board of Regents. One year later, in 1975, the responsibility for administering student assistance, additionally, the Legislature enacted a statute calling for the creation of the Students’ Advisory Committee, consisting of the president of each state university’s student senate
Kansas Board of Regents
–
Kansas Board of Regents
8.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
Financial endowment
–
Basic investment types
9.
Richard Myers
–
Richard Bowman Myers is a retired four-star general in the United States Air Force and served as the 15th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. As Chairman, Myers was the highest ranking uniformed officer of the United States military forces, General Myers became the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs on October 1,2001. On September 30,2005, he retired and was succeeded by General Peter Pace and his Air Force career included operational command and leadership positions in a variety of Air Force and Joint assignments. He began serving as the interim President of Kansas State University in late April,2016, Myers was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from Shawnee Mission North High School in 1960 and he graduated from Kansas State University with a B. S. in mechanical engineering in 1965 where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He was commissioned by Detachment 270 of the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps at KSU and he graduated from Auburn University Montgomery with a M. B. A. in 1977. General Myers entered the Air Force in 1965 through the Reserve Officer Training Corps program and he received pilot training from 1965 to 1966 at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. Myers is a pilot with more than 4,100 flying hours in the T-33 Shooting Star, C-37, C-21, F-4, F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon. Prior to becoming Chairman, he served as the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from March 2000 to September 2001, in addition, he acted for the Chairman in all aspects of the Planning, Programming and Budgeting System including participation in the Defense Resources Board. From August 1998 to February 2000, General Myers was Commander in Chief of the North American Aerospace Defense Command, Space Command, Commander of the Air Force Space Command, and Department of Defense manager of the space transportation system contingency support at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. As commander, General Myers was responsible for defending America through space, prior to assuming that position, he was Commander, Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, from July 1997 to July 1998. From July 1996 to July 1997 he served as Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon, Forces Japan and 5th Air Force at Yokota Air Base, Japan. He was the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the September 11th,2001. However, at the time the Pentagon was attacked, he was on Capitol Hill and he did leave Capitol Hill and spent the remainder of the day in the Pentagon. His office was not damaged during the attack and he officially took position as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on October 1,2001. Since 1999, General Myers is an Air Force Gray Eagle and he also received the Badge of the Commander of the Military Forces. On 27 September 2005, only three days before leaving his post as Chairman, Myers said of the war in Iraq that, the outcome and consequences of defeat are greater than World War II. His rise to and stint as Chairman are chronicled in Washington Post reporter Bob Woodwards book, State of Denial, on September 30,2005, he retired and was succeeded by General Peter Pace
Richard Myers
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Myers in September 2002
Richard Myers
–
Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Canada)
Richard Myers
–
Myers receiving the
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Richard Myers
–
Gordon R. England, Mary Jo Myers, and General Richard Myers in 2004
10.
Manhattan, Kansas
–
Manhattan is a city in northeastern Kansas in the United States at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. It is the county seat of Riley County, although it extends into Pottawatomie County, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 52,281. The city was founded by settlers from the New England Emigrant Aid Company as a Free-State town in the 1850s, during the Bleeding Kansas era. Nicknamed The Little Apple as a play on New York Citys Big Apple, Manhattan Regional Airport is the second-busiest commercial airport in Kansas. Eight miles west of the city is Fort Riley, a United States Army post, before settlement by European-Americans in the 1850s, the land where Manhattan sits was home to Native American tribes. Most recently, from 1780 to 1830 it was home to the Kaw people, the Kaw settlement was called Blue Earth Village. It was named after the river the tribe called the Great Blue Earth River – today known as the Big Blue River – which intersected with the Kansas River by their village, Blue Earth Village was the site of a large battle between the Kaw and the Pawnee in 1812. The Kaw tribe ceded ownership of land in a treaty signed at the Shawnee Methodist Mission on January 14,1846. The Kansas–Nebraska Act opened the territory to settlement by U. S. citizens in 1854 and that fall, George S. Park founded the first Euro-American settlement within the borders of the current Manhattan. Later that same year, Samuel D. Houston and three other pioneers founded Canton, a community near the mouth of the Big Blue River. Neither Canton nor Polistra ever grew beyond their original founders, in March 1855, a group of New England Free-Staters traveled to Kansas Territory under the auspices of the New England Emigrant Aid Company to found a Free-State town. Led by Isaac Goodnow, the first members of the selected the location of the Polistra. Soon after the New Englanders arrived at the site, in April 1855, they agreed to join Canton and they were soon joined by dozens more New Englanders, including Goodnows brother-in-law Joseph Denison. In June 1855, the paddle steamer Hartford, carrying 75 settlers from Ohio, the Ohio settlers, who were members of the Cincinnati-Manhattan Company, had been headed twenty miles further upstream to the headwaters of the Kansas River, the location today of Junction City. After realizing they were stranded, the Hartford passengers accepted an invitation to join the new town, but insisted that it be renamed Manhattan, Manhattan was incorporated on May 30,1857. Early Manhattan settlers sometimes found themselves in conflict with Native Americans, Manhattan was staunchly Free-State, and it elected the only two Free-State legislators to the first Territorial Legislature, commonly called the Bogus Legislature. However, nearby Fort Riley protected the settlement from the violence visited upon other Free-State towns during the Bleeding Kansas era. This allowed the town to develop relatively quickly, on January 30,1858, Territorial Governor James W. Denver signed an act naming Manhattan as county seat for Riley County
Manhattan, Kansas
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Riley County Courthouse (2005)
Manhattan, Kansas
–
This 1819 illustration of a
Kansa lodge at the current location of Manhattan is the oldest drawing known to be made in Kansas
Manhattan, Kansas
–
Isaac Goodnow
Manhattan, Kansas
–
Blue Mont Central College building, built in 1859
11.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
12.
Urban area
–
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, in urbanism, the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment. The worlds urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since, in 2009, the number of people living in urban areas surpassed the number living in rural areas and since then the world has become more urban than rural. This was the first time that the majority of the population lived in a city. In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet, Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Urban areas are measured for various purposes, including analyzing population density, historian John Gurda writes, I have tried to uncover Milwaukees civic bedrock - the shifting foundation on which individuals have built their lives and the community has constructed its identity. There is no doubt that the deepest layer of bedrock is economic. In every age, people have chosen to live in areas not because of their climates or landmarks or cultural attractions. It was economic opportunity that brought people to Milwaukee, and it is economic opportunity that keeps them there, I define cities as concentrations of people animated by concentrations of capital. More simply put, money is the root of all cities, official definitions vary somewhat between nations. The ten largest metropolitan areas account for half of the population, about 3 million people live in Buenos Aires City and the Greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area totals around 13 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world. The metropolitan areas of Córdoba, Rosario, Mendoza and Tucumán have around 1.3 million inhabitants each and La Plata, seven other provinces have over one million people each, Mendoza, Tucumán, Entre Ríos, Salta, Chaco, Corrientes and Misiones. According to IBGE urban areas already concentrate 84. 35% of the population, while the Southeast region remains the most populated one, with over 80 million inhabitants. The largest metropolitan areas in Brazil are São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte — all in the Southeastern Region — with 20,12, and 5 million inhabitants respectively. The majority of state capitals are the largest cities in their states, except for Vitória, the capital of Espírito Santo, and Florianópolis, there are also non-capital metropolitan areas in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. According to Statistics Canada, an area in Canada is an area with a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per square kilometre. If two or more areas are within 2 km of each other by road, they are merged into a single urban area. Accordingly, the new definition set out three types of population centres, small, medium and large
Urban area
–
Greater Tokyo Area, the world's most populous urban area, with about 35 million people.
Urban area
–
Buenos Aires Córdoba
Urban area
Urban area
–
Rosario Mendoza
13.
Shades of purple
–
Shades of Purple is the debut album from Norwegian pop music duo M2M. It was released in the US on 7 March 2000 and it reached No.7 in Norway, No.89 on the US Billboard 200 and No.1 on US Top Heatseekers chart. The single Dont Say You Love Me, which had already released as the lead single of the Pokémon, The First Movie soundtrack in October 1999. A further two singles, Mirror Mirror and Everything You Do were released throughout 2000, the album received a positive critical response. Robert Christgau gave the album an A-, praising the duos singing, michael Paoletta from Billboard said it was poised to be the soundtrack of spring/summer 2000. Shades of Purple sold over 1.5 million units worldwide and was nominated for best pop album at the 2000 Spellemannprisen awards, Marion Raven and Marit Larsen come from Lørenskog in the district east of Oslo. They became friends at age five, and formed their own band when they were eight and they released a childrens album, Synger Kjente Barnesanger, under the band name Marit & Marion, which was nominated for a Spellemannprisen award when they were both 12-years-old. They continued writing pop songs and sent demo recordings out, the album was recorded in London, Sweden and New York, when Raven was 14 and Larsen was 15. Raven and Larsen co-wrote most of the songs on the album, girl in Your Dreams was the first song Raven had ever written. She wrote it when she was 13 about a boy she liked that was not interested in her, the pair wrote over 30 songs in anticipation of recording,16 of these were recorded, and 13 made it onto the US version of the album. The track Our Song uses the chorus of the Bee Gees hit single Too Much Heaven as its own chorus, Raven and Larsen had previously been unaware of Too Much Heaven, the chorus was added at the suggestion of their producer. When questioned about the title, M2M replied that purple was their favourite colour and they wanted a title that expressed that the album is us. The album was released in Europe in mid-February 2000 and the US on 7 March, in December 1999 Warner Music Group, which owns Atlantic Records, stated they expected to sell at least five to six million copies of Shades of Purple. The album sold 107,000 units in its opening week in the US, worldwide sales of the album exceeded 1.5 million by January 2002. M2M continued to keep a high following the release of Shades of Purple, appearing on Top of the Pops in March 2000 embarking on a tour of US high schools. Dont Say You Love Me was released in October 1999 as the song from the Pokémon. The original version was retained on Shades of Purple, promoted by a nonstop marketing effort, advanced airing on Radio Disney and the affiliation with Pokémon, the single was successful. It charted at No.2 in Norway, No.4 in both Australia and New Zealand, No.16 in the UK and No.21 on the Billboard Hot 100
Shades of purple
–
Shades of Purple
Shades of purple
Shades of purple
–
Asian edition cover
14.
Kansas State Wildcats
–
The Kansas State Wildcats are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Kansas State University. The official color of the teams is Royal Purple, making Kansas State one of few schools that have only one official color, white. Kansas State participates in the NCAAs Division I and is a member of the Big 12 Conference since 1996, Kansas State offers fourteen sports at a varsity level. As of March 2017, Kansas State has won 78 total conference championships through the years, Kansas State has not won any team NCAA championships, but has had dozens of individual national champions. In 2012–2013, Kansas State became the second Big 12 school to win titles in football, mens basketball. In the 2007–2008 school year, Kansas State was the school in the nation to have a consensus All-America in both football and mens basketball. Beginning in 1890, a game between the faculty and the senior class became an annual feature of graduation day. According to most sources, intercollegiate competition began on Thanksgiving Day 1893, a baseball match against St. Marys College followed on May 26,1894. These matches are not, however, reflected in the official histories. By the turn of the century, Kansas State was competing in the Kansas Intercollegiate Athletic Association, along with the University of Kansas and other state schools. Adopting a more organized approach to athletics, in 1911 an athletic committee was created at the school to set policy and schedule contests, in 1916 head football and basketball coach Z. G. Clevenger was elected the schools first official Athletic Director, clevenger was assisted in that role by former football star Germany Schulz. In 1928, when the Big Six members of the MVIAA split away from the schools of the Missouri Valley. The schools commitment to athletics dipped thereafter, indeed, for many years the Wildcats spent far less on athletics than any other Big Eight school. Between 1969 and 1975 the school added programs, but also cut four mens sports, mens swimming, wrestling, mens gymnastics. As recently as 1987–1988 the University of Oklahoma spent $12.5 million on athletics while Kansas State spent only $5.5 million. In more recent decades, however, the school has recommitted significant resources to athletics, Athletics at Kansas State University are administered by the Universitys Department of Intercollegiate Athletics. The department is headed by the Athletic Director, the Athletic Directors over the years at Kansas State University are, The Wildcats call Tointon Family Stadium home
Kansas State Wildcats
–
Zora G. Clevenger, first
Athletic Director at KSU
Kansas State Wildcats
–
Kansas State Wildcats
Kansas State Wildcats
–
Bramlage Coliseum
Kansas State Wildcats
–
Bill Snyder Family Football Stadium
15.
NCAA Division I
–
Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
NCAA Division I
–
Main logo used by the NCAA in Divisions I, II, and III.
16.
Big 12 Conference
–
The Big 12 Conference is a ten-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving, Texas. Its ten members, located in Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, additionally, the Big 12 has ten affiliate members, six for the sport of wrestling, one for womens gymnastics, and 3 for womens rowing. The Big 12 Conference is a 501 nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware, the Big 12 was formerly composed of 12 schools, hence its name, it was formed in 1996 when four schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference joined with the pre-existing Big Eight Conference. Oklahoma and Oklahoma State were grouped with the four newcomers in the Big 12 South, TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools, bringing the conference to its current strength. Attempts to rename the Big 12 to reflect its current strength would lead to confusion with the current Big Ten Conference, the Big 12 Conference commissioner is Bob Bowlsby. Full members Assoc. member Other Conference The Big 12 Conference sponsors championship competition in ten mens, nonetheless, it is an open coed sport in NCAA college athletics, with mens, womens, and coed teams in all NCAA divisions competing against each other. TCU and West Virginia both field coed teams, through 2017, West Virginia with 19 national titles and TCU with two, together have won over half of the NCAA titles awarded since the inaugural NCAA championship in 1980. West Virginia also won four national titles. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, from its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference while two joined in 2013. The Big 12 is unique among the current Power Five conferences in that it only has 10 members, despite the name, causing some confusion. From 1987 to 2015,12 or more members were required for a championship game. Former Texas Athletic Director DeLoss Dodds and former football coach Mack Brown, along with Oklahoma football coach Bob Stoops, critics argued it was a competitive advantage over other contract conferences. Conferences with a game have their division champions typically play one of their toughest games of the year in the last week of the regular season. Unlike the other Power 5 conferences in which a team plays a portion of the other teams in the conference each season. This theoretically allows for the declaration of a de facto champion without the need for a rematch between the top two teams in the conference. On June 3,2016, the conference announced it would reinstate the football game in the 2017 season. This followed the passage of a new NCAA rule allowing all FBS conferences to hold football championship games regardless of their membership numbers, the Big 12 population base is centered on the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, West Virginia and Iowa
Big 12 Conference
–
Big 12 Conference (Big 12)
17.
Willie the Wildcat (Kansas State)
–
Willie the Wildcat is the official mascot for the Kansas State University Wildcats. Kansas States athletic teams first acquired the nickname Aggies, during the start of the 20th century and this name lives on in the entertainment district that abuts the University, Aggieville. 1906-1909, a black Labrador named Boscoe represented K-State at baseball and football games,1915, Prior to the football season, new coach John Bender gave his squad the nickname Wildcats. Clevenger the school became known as the Aggies or Farmers. 1920, Coach Charles Bachman took over the program, again renaming the team the Wildcats. 1922-1978, A real bobcat named Touchdown, served as team mascot at games, Touchdown could be found at Sunset Zoo in Manhattan until the 1980s. Touchdown I was captured in Idaho and donated to K. S. A. C, the animal did not attend a college football game, it died from injuries from fighting a porcupine before it was shipped to Manhattan. Touchdown II soon replaced TD I and was at K-State for 14 years, the first costumed Willie mascot appeared in 1947. Willie has changed many times, and currently, has an appearance that is influenced by the teams Powercat logo. 1947, K-States first costumed mascot, Sparky, appeared at the September football game against Oklahoma A&M and this was by Manhattan High student Andrea Simmons Andersen during halftime performing gymnastics for the crowd in a red-brown wildcat costume with black stripes and a tail. Lack of winning games resulted in replacing the young girl with a college student. She was to be the female to be a K-State mascot. 1960s, Fraternity members took responsibility of wearing the Willie Wildcat costume, the original K-State Willie costume, which debuted in 1964, was purple in color with large ears that somewhat resembled Mickey Mouse. 1967-1980, Sculptor Jim Hagan created a new, meaner-looking Willie head with coyote, 1980-1993, A second Willie head made in 1967 by Jim Hagan is used. 1985, The beefed-up Willie appeared while still using third generation style head, 1994-1996, Last pre-Powercat Willie In 1989, the Powercat logo was introduced by football coach Bill Snyder, wanting a new logo for his team. Tom Bookwalter, a Kansas native and K-State art professor, created the logo, in 1997, the current 21st Century Willie was created. Willie has gray fur, with two white stripes to resemble the Powercat logo, Willie can be seen at various K-State sporting events, often dressed as an athlete. The student inside the costume changes every few years
Willie the Wildcat (Kansas State)
–
Willie the Wildcat impresses a young Wildcat fan
Willie the Wildcat (Kansas State)
–
Willie the Wildcat at a baseball game
Willie the Wildcat (Kansas State)
–
Academics
18.
Doctoral university
–
The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The Carnegie Classification was created by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 1973 and they issued reports in 1973,1976,1987,1994,2000,2005, and 2010. The 2005 report substantially reworked the classification system, based on data from the 2002–2003, the classification retained the Carnegie name after the Center for Postsecondary Research took over on January 1,2015. The announcement of the change was included with a statement that new classifications are to be issued in January 2015, information used in these classifications comes primarily from IPEDS and the College Board. The Carnegie Foundation lists classifications for particular institutions on their Institution Lookup website, the number of institutions in each category is indicated in parentheses. Doctorate-granting Universities are institutions that awarded at least 20 research/scholarly doctorates in 2013–14, professional doctorates are not included in this count. A detailed list of schools can be found in the List of research universities in the United States, Institutions were determined to have a special focus with concentrations of at least 80 percent of undergraduate and graduate degrees. Tribal colleges and universities The Basic Classification omits 26 institutions, the Undergraduate Instructional Program classification combines the ratio of Arts and sciences and professional fields and the coexistence of programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The framework categorizes institutions based on the proportion of undergraduate majors in arts and sciences or professional fields, Associates Only only award associate degrees. Associates Dominant award some bachelors degrees, but award more associatess degrees, Arts & Sciences Focus award least 80 percent of undergraduate degrees in the arts and sciences. Arts & Sciences + Professions award between 80 and 59 percent of undergraduate degrees in the arts and sciences, balanced Arts & Sciences/Professions award 41 to 59 percent of undergraduate degrees in each domain. Professions + Arts & Sciences award between 80 and 59 percent of undergraduate degrees in a professional field, Professions Focus award at least 80 percent of undergraduate degrees in a professional field. The framework categorizes institutions based on the proportion of undergraduate and graduate programs that coexist, some coexistence —some graduate programs coexist with undergraduate programs but fewer than half. High coexistence —at least half of the graduate programs coexist with undergraduate programs, Institutions that do not award graduate degrees are not classified by this scheme. Institutions that offer graduate and professional programs but do not award the doctorate are classified as having Postbaccalaureate graduate programs and these programs are classified by the fields in which the degrees are awarded. Single postbaccalaureate —only offer graduate training in education, single postbaccalaureate —only offer graduate training in business. Single postbaccalaureate —only offer graduate training in a other than education or business
Doctoral university
–
University of Houston (RU/VH)
19.
Campus
–
A campus is traditionally the land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. Usually a college campus includes libraries, lecture halls, residence halls, student centers or dining halls, a modern campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a given institution, either academic or non-academic. Examples include the Googleplex and the Apple Campus, the word derives from a Latin word for field and was first used to describe the large field adjacent Nassau Hall of the College of New Jersey in 1774. The field separated Princeton from the nearby town. Some other American colleges later adopted the word to describe individual fields at their own institutions, a school might have one space called a campus, one called a field, and another called a yard. The tradition of a campus began with the medieval European universities where the students, the notion of the importance of the setting to academic life later migrated to America, and early colonial educational institutions were based on the Scottish and English collegiate system. The campus evolved from the model in Europe to a diverse set of independent styles in the United States. The meaning expanded to include the whole institutional property during the 20th century, sometimes the lands on which company office buildings sit, along with the buildings, are called campuses. The Microsoft Campus in Redmond, Washington is a good example, hospitals, and even airports sometimes use the term to describe the territory of their facilities
Campus
–
Joseph Jacques Ramée 's original plan for
Union College in
Schenectady,
New York, the first comprehensively planned campus in the
United States
20.
Land-grant college
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A land-grant university is an institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890. The Morrill Acts funded educational institutions by granting federally controlled land to the states for them to sell, to funds, to establish. This mission was in contrast to the practice of higher education to focus on an abstract liberal arts curriculum. Ultimately, most land-grant colleges became large public universities that offer a full spectrum of educational opportunities. However, some land-grant colleges are schools, including Cornell University. The concept of publicly funded agricultural and technical educational institutions first rose to attention through the efforts of Jonathan Baldwin Turner in the late 1840s. The first land-grant bill was introduced in Congress by Representative Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont in 1857, the bill passed in 1859, but was vetoed by President James Buchanan. Morrill resubmitted his bill in 1861, and it was enacted into law in 1862. Upon passage of the federal land-grant law in 1862, Iowa was the first state legislature to accept the provisions of the Morrill Act, Iowa subsequently designated the State Agricultural College as the land grant college on March 29,1864. The first land-grant institution actually created under the Act was Kansas State University, which was established on February 16,1863, the oldest school that currently holds land-grant status is Rutgers University, founded in 1766 and designated the land-grant college of New Jersey in 1864. The oldest school to ever hold land-grant status was Yale University and this designation was later stripped by the Connecticut legislature under populist pressure and transferred to what would become the University of Connecticut. A second Morrill Act was passed in 1890, aimed at the former Confederate states and this act required each state to show that race was not an admissions criterion, or else to designate a separate land-grant institution for persons of color. Among the seventy colleges and universities which eventually evolved from the Morrill Acts are several of historically black colleges and universities. In imitation of the land-grant colleges focus on agricultural and mechanical research, Congress later established programs of sea grant colleges, space grant colleges and it is also the smallest land-grant university in the country. The Farmers High School of Pennsylvania, later to become The Pennsylvania State University, michigan State and Penn State were subsequently designated as the federal land-grant colleges for their states in 1863. Older state universities – such as the University of Georgia, which was established with a grant of land in 1784 – were also funded through the use of land grants. Indeed, land grants to institutions are a practice inherited from Europe. These earlier examples, however, offered a different mission than the education offered by land-grant institutions established under the Morrill Act
Land-grant college
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Painting of an early land grant college (
Kansas State University) from the Westward Expansion Corridor at the
U.S. Capitol
Land-grant college
–
Contents
Land-grant college
–
United States Postal Service commemorative
stamp
21.
Satellite campus
–
A satellite campus or branch campus is a campus of a college or university that is physically at a distance from the original university or college area. This branch campus may be located in a different city, state, or country, the separate campuses may be under the same accreditation and share resources or they share administrations but maintain separate budgets, resources, and other governing bodies. In many cases, satellite campuses are intended to serve students who cannot travel far from home for college because of family responsibilities, their jobs, financial limitations, the availability of branch campuses may increase higher education enrollment by nontraditional students. Electronic communications technology has helped to facilitate the operation of satellite campuses, one growing trend is the establishment of international branch campuses. These are satellite campuses of a parent institution that is located outside the country where the campus is located. The number of branch campuses worldwide grew from 35 before 1999 to 162 in 2009. As of 2009, the United Arab Emirates was the host of 40 international branch campuses, there were 15 international branch campuses in China,12 in Singapore, nine in Qatar, and six in Canada. Although the overall number of branch campuses has grown rapidly. A new breed of branch campuses of Indian universities in the Persian Gulf region is emerging which aims to meet South Asians aspirations to study abroad in a cost-efficient manner, there are several regional satellite or branch campus consortia but only one national association in the United States. St. Johns University has two satellite campuses, one is located in Rome, Italy and offers two graduate degrees as well as numerous study abroad opportunities for undergraduate students. The other is located in Paris, France and offers undergraduate study abroad programs. Ohio State University has five campuses, located in Lima, OH, Mansfield, OH, Marion, OH, Newark, OH. The University of Michigan has two campuses, one located in Flint, MI and the other in Dearborn, MI. The University of Toronto Scarborough and the University of Toronto Mississauga are satellite campuses of the University of Toronto, the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University at New York City are satellite campuses of Cornell University. The University of Waterloo School of Architecture moved from the main campus in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada to a satellite campus in Cambridge. The satellite facility was established due to lack of space at the main campus, University College London has established branch campuses in Adelaide, Australia and Doha, Qatar. These campuses are research intensive with all studies at graduate level only, pennsylvania State University has 19 commonwealth campuses around the state, known as the Commonwealth Campuses, enrolling approximately 40 percent of the universitys students. The Branch campuses of the University of Wisconsin system only offer two-year programs intended to allow students to transfer to the main campus or other four-year universities
Satellite campus
–
Universities in Castile-La Mancha, showing branch campuses (all UNED centres are branches of the Madrid central campus).
22.
Salina, Kansas
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Salina /səˈlaɪnə/ is a city in and the county seat of Saline County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 47,707, located in one of the worlds largest wheat-producing areas, Salina, is a regional trade center for north-central Kansas. It is home to multiple colleges, prior to European colonization of the area, the site of Salina was located within the territory of the Kansa people. Claimed first by France as part of Louisiana and later acquired by the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, in 1856, a colony led by Preston B. Plumb established the first American settlement near the site at a location on the Saline River, settlers led by journalist and lawyer William A. Phillips founded Salina in 1858. During the following two years, the legislature chartered the town company, organized the surrounding area as Saline County. The westernmost town on the Smoky Hill Trail, Salina established itself as a trading post for westbound immigrants, prospectors bound for Pikes Peak, and area American Indian tribes. The towns growth halted with the outbreak of the American Civil War when much of the population left to join the U. S. Army. In 1862, local residents fended off American Indian raiders only to fall victim to an assault by bushwhackers later that year. In May and June 1864, the Salina Stockade was built to protect the town against further Indian raids, troops were garrisoned in Salina until March 1865, and some may have returned in June 1865. The stockade was used until at least spring or summer 1865. Growth returned with the soldiers after the war, and the town expanded rapidly with the arrival of the Kansas Pacific Railway in 1867, Salina incorporated as a city in 1870. The cattle trade arrived in 1872, transforming Salina into a cowtown, the trade brought the city further prosperity, but also a rowdy culture that agitated local residents. The cattle trade relocated westward just two years later, during the 1870s, wheat became the dominant crop in the area, steam-powered flour mills were built, and agriculture became the engine of the local economy. In 1874, Salina resident E. R. Switzer introduced alfalfa to area farmers, by 1880, the city was an area industrial center with several mills, a carriage and wagon factory, and a farm implement works. Salina was the location of the first garment factory of jeans maker Lee, over the following decade, three railroads were built through the city. In 1943, the U. S. Army established Smoky Hill Army Airfield southwest of the city, the installation served as a base for strategic bomber units throughout World War II. Renamed Smoky Hill Air Force Base in 1948, the base closed the year only to be reopened in 1951 as Schilling Air Force Base
Salina, Kansas
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Water tower in Salina (2013)
Salina, Kansas
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Downtown Salina grain elevators
Salina, Kansas
–
The Salina "CityGo" service
23.
Olathe, Kansas
–
Olathe is a city in, and is the county seat of, Johnson County, Kansas, United States. Located in northeastern Kansas, it is also the fourth most populous city in the state, Olathe is also the fourth-largest city in the Kansas City metropolitan area. It is bordered by the cities of Lenexa to the north, Overland Park to the east, De Soto to the northwest, Olathe was founded by Dr. John T. Barton in the spring of 1857 and he rode to the center of Johnson County, Kansas, and staked two quarter sections of land as the town site. He later described his ride to friends. the prairie was covered with verbena, I kept thinking the land was beautiful and that I should name the town Beautiful. Purportedly, Barton asked a Shawnee interpreter how to say Beautiful in his native language, Olathe was incorporated as a city in 1857. While Olathe was not the first city established in Johnson County, the citys early days were filled with violence, as pro-slavery forces from nearby Missouri often clashed with local abolitionists. These conflicts were known on a scale as Bleeding Kansas. As the 1850s came to a close, and as Kansas entered the Union as a state in 1861. Quantrill launched the raid because the people of Olathe were known for their abolitionism, throughout the Civil War a military post operated in Olathe. The post probably was established in 1861 and was located on the square on which the Johnson County Courthouse has sat since that time. In March 1862 one company of troops were known to have been stationed there, when Quantrill raided Olathe on September 6,1862, more than 125 Union soldiers, almost all of them recruits, were there. They surrendered to Quantrill and were compelled to take an oath forbidding them from taking up arms against the Confederacy, Kansas militia occupied the Olathe military post through much of the Civil War and Army troops were there much of the time, as well. Twice more Olathe was threatened by Confederates, on August 20–21,1863, Quantrill again passed through the area when he raided Lawrence, Kansas. Many Union troops moved into and out of Olathe on those two days, the second time was on October 24-5,1864, when Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and a force of 10,000 men passed the area on their retreat south. The military post existed beyond the end of the Civil War, Olathe served as a stop on the Oregon Trail, the California Trail, and the Santa Fe Trail. Catering to travelers was the source of income for local stores and businesses. The Mahaffie House, a popular point for wagons headed westward, is today a registered historical site maintained by the City of Olathe
Olathe, Kansas
–
Olathe City Hall
Olathe, Kansas
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Johnson County Executive Airport (KOJC) Tower (2004)
Olathe, Kansas
–
Central city
24.
Veterinary medicine in the United States
–
Veterinary medicine is normally led by veterinary physicians, normally termed veterinarians or vets. Veterinarians are often assisted by paraveterinary workers including veterinary technicians and veterinary assistants, and in some cases, dependent on the jurisdiction, other professionals may be permitted to perform some animal treatment, through either specific exemptions in the law or through a lack of prohibitive legislation. The Veterinarians Oath was adopted by the American Veterinary Medical Associations House of Delegates July 1969, in order to practice, veterinarians must obtain a degree in veterinary medicine, followed by gaining a license to practice. Entrance requirements vary among schools, and various pre-professional degree programs have been developed to assist undergraduates in meeting these requirements. Such “pre-vet” programs are similar in concept to “pre-med” programs. Following qualification from the degree, the prospective veterinarian must receive a passing grade on the North America Veterinary Licensing Exam. This exam is completed over the course of eight hours, and this exam covers all aspects of veterinary medicine, as well as visual material designed to test diagnostic skills. The mean salary for new graduates in 2012 was US$67,640 including nearly 50% going on to advanced study programs, the average income for private practice rose from $105,510 in 2005 to $115,447 in 2007. These increased values exceed those of public practice including uniformed services, as opposed to human medicine, general practice veterinarians greatly outnumber veterinary specialists. Most veterinary specialists work at the schools, or at a referral center in large cities. As opposed to medicine, where each organ system has its own medical and surgical specialties. The specialties in veterinary medicine often encompass several medical and surgical specialties that are found in human medicine, Veterinary specialties are accredited in North America by the AVMA through the American Board of Veterinary Specialties. While some veterinarians may have areas of interest outside of recognized specialties, Veterinary technicians are the primary paraveterinary workers in the US and assist the veterinarian in the role of a nurse, providing trained support. Some states choose to license technicians, so only people with appropriate qualifications are able to fulfill the role. Veterinary technology as an organized and credentialed career option is relatively young and they assist the veterinarian with physical examinations that help determine the nature of the illness or injury. Veterinary technicians also induce and maintain anesthesia, and administer medications, fluids, tasks in patient care include, recording temperature, pulse and respiration, dressing wounds, applying splints and other protective devices, and dental procedures. They perform catheterizations – urinary, arterial, and venous, ear flushes, intravenous feedings, equipment use includes operating various types of patient monitors and imaging devices to include electrocardiographic, radiographic and ultrasonographic equipment. Veterinary technicians commonly assist veterinarians in surgery by providing equipment and instruments and by assuring that monitoring
Veterinary medicine in the United States
–
A vet examines a dog in New York
Veterinary medicine in the United States
–
Veterinary technician logo
25.
American Civil War
–
The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America, the Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. history. Among the 34 U. S. states in February 1861, War broke out in April 1861 when Confederates attacked the U. S. fortress of Fort Sumter. The Confederacy grew to eleven states, it claimed two more states, the Indian Territory, and the southern portions of the western territories of Arizona. The Confederacy was never recognized by the United States government nor by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal, including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North, the war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the dissolution of the Confederate government in the spring of 1865. The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. The Confederacy collapsed and 4 million slaves were freed, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton-based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to declare secession had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, the first seven with state legislatures to resolve for secession included split majorities for unionists Douglas and Bell in Georgia with 51% and Louisiana with 55%. Alabama had voted 46% for those unionists, Mississippi with 40%, Florida with 38%, Texas with 25%, of these, only Texas held a referendum on secession. Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession, outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincolns March 4,1861 inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war, speaking directly to the Southern States, he reaffirmed, I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed, the Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12,1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, while in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, the battle was inconclusive in 1861–62. The autumn 1862 Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, the 1863 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lees Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg, Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grants command of all Union armies in 1864
American Civil War
–
New Orleans the largest cotton exporting port for New England and Great Britain textile mills, shipping Mississippi River Valley goods from North, South and Border states.
American Civil War
–
Clockwise from top:
Battle of Gettysburg,
Union Captain John Tidball's artillery,
Confederate prisoners,
ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of
Richmond, Virginia,
Battle of Franklin
American Civil War
–
Sen. Stephen Douglas, author of the
Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854
American Civil War
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Sen. John J. Crittenden, of the 1860
Crittenden Compromise
26.
Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
–
The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U. S. states using the proceeds of federal land sales. The Morrill Act of 1862 was enacted during the American Civil War, for 20 years prior to the first introduction of the bill in 1857, there was a political movement calling for the creation of agriculture colleges. The movement was led by Professor Jonathan Baldwin Turner of Illinois College, for example, the Michigan Constitution of 1850 called for the creation of an agricultural school, though it was not until February 12,1855, that Michigan Governor Kinsley S. Unlike the Turner Plan, which provided a grant to each state. This was more advantageous to the populous eastern states. The Morrill Act was first proposed in 1857, and was passed by Congress in 1859, in 1861, Morrill resubmitted the act with the amendment that the proposed institutions would teach military tactics as well as engineering and agriculture. Aided by the secession of states that did not support the plans. The previous day Lincoln signed a bill financing the railroad with land grants. Less than two months earlier he signed the Homestead Act encouraging western settlement, together these actions, taken at a time when the Union Army was poorly performing, did much to define post-Civil War America. Under the act, each state received a total of 30,000 acres of federal land, either within or contiguous to its boundaries. This land, or the proceeds from its sale, was to be used toward establishing and funding the educational institutions described above. After the war, however, the 1862 Act was extended to the former Confederate states, it was extended to every state and territory. 8 On September 11,1862, the state of Iowa was the first to accept the terms of the Morrill Act which provided the funding boost needed for the fledgling State Agricultural College and Model Farm. The first land-grant institution actually created under the Act was Kansas State University, which was established on February 16,1863, before the Civil War American engineers were mostly educated at West Point. While the Congressional debate associated with the Morrill Act was largely focused on benefits to agriculture, after the Civil War, as the German University model began to replace the English College, with the encouragement of the Morrill Act the engineering discipline was gradually defined. Because the Morrill Act excluded spending on buildings, engineering specific infrastructure such as textbooks, in 1866 there were around 300 American men with engineering degrees and six reputable colleges granting them. By 1911 the United States was graduating 3000 engineers a year, the Morrill Act coincided with the establishment of engineering in the American university. With a few exceptions, nearly all of the Land-Grant Colleges are public, to maintain their status as land-grant colleges, a number of programs are required to be maintained by the college
Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
–
Justin Smith Morrill
Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
–
Morrill Hall, on the campus of the
University of Maryland, College Park (a land-grant university), is named for Senator
Justin Morrill, in honor of the act he sponsored.
Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
–
Beaumont Tower at
Michigan State University marks the site of
College Hall which is the first building in the United States to teach agricultural science.
Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
–
Celebration of the 150th Anniversary of the Morrill Act, at the
Library of Congress, June 23, 2012
27.
United States of America
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States of America
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States of America
–
Flag
United States of America
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States of America
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
28.
Kansas Legislature
–
The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the U. S. state of Kansas. It is an assembly, composed of the lower Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 state representatives. Prior to statehood, separate pro-slavery and anti-slavery territorial legislatures emerged, drafting four separate constitutions, until one was finally ratified, Republicans hold a long-standing supermajority in both houses of the state legislature, despite a short-lived dominance by the Populist Party. The state legislature approved one of the first child labor laws in the nation, composed of 165 state lawmakers, the state legislature meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka once a year in regular session. Additional special sessions can be called by the governor of Kansas, the Kansas Territory was created out of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. The act created a rush of both abolitionist Northern and pro-slavery Southern immigrants to the territory, hoping that strength through numbers would place Kansas in their camp. Animosities between the newly arrived sides quickly turned into violence and guerrilla warfare, giving name to this period known as Bleeding Kansas. The elections resulted in 13 pro-slavery members of the house of the territorial legislature and one free-state member. The lower house ended up with 25 pro-slavery members and one free-state member, Free-Staters immediately cried foul, naming the new Kansas Territorial Legislature the Bogus Legislature. Free-Staters convened their own unauthorized shadow legislature and territorial government in Topeka, while the document was debated and submitted to a vote in the territory, it was never accepted by Congress. The pro-slavery territorial legislatures response to the Free-Staters and growing violence was the Lecompton Constitution in 1857, due to an electoral boycott by abolitionist groups and the questions regarding the validity of the legislature itself, it never officially became law. While the Lecompton Constitution was debated, new elections for the legislature in 1857 gave the Free-Staters a majority government. With this new mandate, the legislature convened to write the Leavenworth Constitution, the constitution was adopted in 1858, though it too suffered the same fate as previous documents when Congress refused to ratify it. Following the Leavenworth Constitutions defeat, the legislature again crafted a new document the following year. A compromise of sorts, it outlawed slavery in the territory, while removing progressive sections on Native Americans, women, the territorial legislature passed the document, and submitted it to public referendum. It was ratified by the Kansas electorate on October 4,1859, following long debates in both the U. S. House of Representatives and the Senate, on January 29,1861, President James Buchanan authorized Kansas to become the 34th state of United States. It had entered into the Union as a free state, only six days later, the Confederate States of America formed between seven Southern states that had seceded from the United States in the previous two months. The first Kansas impeachments occurred in 1862, brought about in part by United States Republican Party infighting in the state, robinson refused to permit the canvassing of votes for the offices in the 1861 election and his position was upheld by the Kansas Supreme Court
Kansas Legislature
Kansas Legislature
–
Kansas Legislature
Kansas Legislature
–
Removal of liquor during prohibition.
29.
Blue Mont Central College
–
Bluemont Central College was a private, Methodist institute of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States. The college was incorporated in February 1858, and was the forerunner of Kansas State University, in 1862, another bill to accept the offer failed by one vote. Blue Mont Central College ceased operations later that year after the term was completed. Among the founders of Manhattan was Isaac Goodnow, a professor from Providence, Goodnow led the New England Emigrant Aid Companys efforts to create a college in Manhattan. The creation of Blue Mont Central College was formally proposed by Goodnow at a Methodist conference held in Nebraska City, Nebraska, the conference approved the creation of the school and appointed Goodnow and his brother-in-law Joseph Denison agents for the college. It would take two years, however, before the school was ready to open. The cornerstone for the building was laid in a ceremony on May 10,1859. The building was constructed of limestone, and was three stories tall when completed in 1860 and it contained classrooms, offices, a library and a grand hall on the third floor. The building was complete for the first classes to begin on January 9,1860. The first class consisted of 29 students, the school was open to all denominations and was coeducational from its inception. Like many new colleges in frontier states, Blue Mont College began by offering only secondary school classes. Reportedly, no students were enrolled in college-level classes before the school ceased operations in 1863, instructor Washington Marlatt was appointed principal of the preparatory department for the college in 1860. Joseph Denison was appointed the first President of the college in 1862, the college was named after a prominent hill in Manhattan, Kansas. The name is written as Bluemont rather than Blue Mont. The term Central was included in the name because the founders believed Manhattan was located very near the center of the United States as it existed in 1858. Kansas State University moved from the location of old Blue Mont Central College in 1875, and the original college building was torn down in 1883
Blue Mont Central College
–
Sketch of Blue Mont Central College
Blue Mont Central College
–
Joseph Denison, President of Blue Mont Central College
Blue Mont Central College
–
Arch from the Blue Mont College building, dated 1859, now at the
KSU Alumni Center
30.
Charles L. Robinson
–
Charles Lawrence Robinson was the first Governor of Kansas. He was also the first governor of a US state to be impeached, to date he is the only governor of Kansas to be impeached. Robinson was educated at Hadley and Amherst academies, and at Amherst College and he studied medicine in Woodstock, Vermont, and later in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he earned his medical degree at the Berkshire Medical College in 1843. He practiced medicine in Belchertown, Springfield, and Fitchburg, in 1849, he traveled overland to California. He was subsequently discharged by the court without trial and he represented Californias 12th State Assembly district from 1851 to 1852. He married Sara Tappen Doolittle Lawrence in 1851, and they had two children and she later published Kansas, its Exterior and Interior Life, in which she describes the scenes, actors, and events of the struggle between the friends and foes of slavery in Kansas. In 1852, Charles returned to Massachusetts, and conducted in Fitchburg a weekly called the News. In June 1854, Robinson went to Kansas as confidential agent of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, during the Bleeding Kansas tragedy, Robinson angered many with his passionate support for the Free-Staters, who were promoting a fight against pro-slavery advocates. He was illegally elected Territorial Governor of Kansas under the Topeka Constitution in January 1856, from the spring of 1856 until September, Robinson and several other Free-State leaders, including the son of abolitionist John Brown, were held in custody in Camp Sackett. This United States military camp was located about 3.5 miles southwest of Lecompton, in 1861, Robinson took office as governor of the newly admitted State of Kansas. His impeachment was due to a rivalry with James H. Lane. He was found not guilty, but it hurt his political career, elected to the Kansas State Senate, Robinson served from 1873 to 1881. He was Superintendent of the Haskell Institute from 1887 to 1889, Robinson died on August 17,1894, and is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Lawrence. Kansas State Historical Society Impeachment of State Officials Charles L. Robinson at Find a Grave National Governors Association The Political Graveyard He was Also a huge part of Boston Company
Charles L. Robinson
–
Charles L. Robinson
"Kansas State Agricultural College". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
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