1.
California State Assembly
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The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people, members of the assembly are generally referred to using the titles assemblyman, assemblywoman, or assemblymember. The State Assembly convenes at the California State Capitol in Sacramento, in the current session, the Democrats control 55 seats, forming a supermajority of the chamber. The Speaker presides over the State Assembly in the leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly, other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each partys strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon, the majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon, while the minority leader is Republican Chad Mayes. The chambers green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the dais rests along a wall shaped like an E, with its central projection housing the rostrum. Along the cornice appears a portrait of Abraham Lincoln and a Latin quotation, almost every decorating element is identical to the Senate Chamber. According to Article 4, Section 2 of the California Constitution, the Chief Clerk, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. The Sergeant-at-Arms protects the members of the California State Assembly and this position has existed since December 15,1849, when Samuel N. Houston became the Assemblys first Sergeant-at-Arms. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature
2.
California's 25th State Assembly district
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Californias 25th State Assembly district is one of 80 California State Assembly districts. It is currently represented by Democrat Kansen Chu of San Jose, the district straddles the divide between the East Bay and Silicon Valley. The district consists primarily of residential areas and is one of the most heavily Asian state legislative districts in California. California State Assembly California State Assembly districts Districts in California District map from the California Citizens Redistricting Commission
3.
Bob Wieckowski
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Robert A. Bob Wieckowski is an American attorney and politician who currently serves in the California State Senate. A Democrat, he represents the 10th Senate District, which encompasses the central, Wieckowski was first elected to the California State Assembly in 2010 to represent the 20th Assembly District, then the 25th Assembly District in 2012 after redistricting. Before being elected to the Legislature, he served as Vice-Mayor, Wieckowski served as chair of the Assembly Judiciary Committee. He was also a member of the Assembly Insurance, Health, in his first term in office, Wieckowski passed 24 bills through the Legislature,21 of which were signed into law by Governor Brown. He launched the Made in California Jobs Initiative to expand California manufacturing, invest in biotechnology research, Wieckowski is a small business owner and a bankruptcy attorney. He received his B. A. from University of California, Berkeley, Wieckowski lives in Fremont with Sue Lemke, and her son Luke. Wieckowskis parents are Gene and Helen Wieckowski, official website Ballotpedia article on Bob Wieckowski Project Vote Smart - Bob Wieckowski Wieckowski, Bob. Interview with Bob Wieckowski, Candidate for Fremont City Council
4.
Chuck Reed
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Charles Rufus Chuck Reed is an American politician and lawyer. Reed served as the 64th Mayor of San Jose, California from 2007 to 2014, Reed was born in Garden City, Kansas. Reed attended Garden City High School and helped the school win a championship in basketball in 1966. He joined the United States Air Force in 1970 after attending the United States Air Force Academy, at the Academy, he graduated number one in his class and served as cadet wing commander, the highest position a USAFA cadet can achieve. Reed was only the 9th person in the history of the United States Air Force Academy to max out on the Physical Fitness Test, while in the Air Force, Reed attended Princeton University and received a Masters Degree in Public Affairs. Later, during the Vietnam War, he served in Thailand and he left the Air Force in 1975, having reached the rank of Captain, and attended Stanford Law School where he earned a J. D. degree in 1978. After passing the bar, Reed moved to San Jose and began work as a private attorney and he specialized in environmental, employment, land use and real estate law, and commercial litigation. Reed is married with two children and his daughter, Colonel Kim Campbell, joined the Air Force and was also number one in her class at the Air Force Academy. Reed and his daughter were the first father and daughter to both graduate from the United States Air Force Academy and become Cadet Wing Commanders, Kim flew combat missions in an A-10 Warthog over Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and swore him into office at his inauguration. His son, Alex, is a graduate of Santa Clara University, starting in the 1980s and continuing to 2000, Reed served on numerous commissions, boards, and committees including the City Planning Commission and the San Jose Downtown Association. Reed was elected to a seat on the San Jose City Council from the Berryessa District in 2000 and he ran again in 2004 and was re-elected with 86% of all the votes cast. While on the San Jose City Council, Reed was known for often being the lone dissenter in many votes and he was thought to be the most outspoken critic of the status quo on the council and voted against many noteworthy agenda items. In 2005, with the incumbent mayor, Ron Gonzales, term-limited out, michael Mulcahy received 10. 74%, Dave Cortese received 16. 37%, David Pandori received 17. 86%. In the mayoral election held on November 7,2006. Final tallies show Reed garnered 117,394 votes to Chavezs 80,720, during the Mayoral campaign, Reed was criticized in a series of attack ads by Chavez and Labor Unions for getting reimbursed for various expenses that he had as a council member from his office fund. He repaid the funds when the hit the media and apologized to the public for any sense of wrongdoing. Regardless, early in his administration, Reed had the City Clerks Office produce a detailed explanation for approved uses. Reed put together a 67-member transition committee to aide his transition staff in policy issues, assisted by Transition Team Co-Chairs former San Jose Mayor Tom McEnery and Victor Ajlouny, Reed hosted publicly held meetings where many policy issues were discussed
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Taipei
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Taipei, officially known as Taipei City, is the capital city and a special municipality of the Republic of China. Sitting at the tip of the island, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City. It is about 25 km southwest of the port city Keelung. Since 1949, Taipei has been the capital of the ROC after losing the mainland to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War, the name Taipei can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper. Taipei is the political, economic, educational, and cultural center of Taiwan, considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area. Railways, high-speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island, the city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan. Its natural features such as Maokong, Yangmingshan, and hot springs are also known to international visitors. As the capital city, Taipei is sometimes used as a synecdoche for Taiwan, prior to the significant influx of Han Chinese immigrants, the region of Taipei Basin was mainly inhabited by the Ketagalan plains aborigines. The number of Han immigrants gradually increased in the early 18th century under Qing Dynasty rule after the government began permitting development in the area, in 1875, the northern part of the island was incorporated into the new Taipeh Prefecture. The Qing dynasty of China made Taipeh the temporary capital of Fujian-Taiwan Province in 1886 when Taiwan was separated from Fujian Province, Taipeh was formally made the provincial capital in 1894. Japan acquired Taiwan in 1895 under the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the First Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan became a colony of Imperial Japan with Taihoku as its capital, in which the city was administered under Taihoku Prefecture. Taiwans Japanese rulers embarked on a program of advanced urban planning that featured extensive railroad links. A number of Taipei landmarks and cultural institutions date from this period, following the Japanese surrender of 1945, control of Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China. In 1990 Taipei provided the backdrop for the Wild Lily student rallies that moved Taiwanese society from one-party rule to multi-party democracy, the city is today home to Taiwans democratically elected national government. The region known as the Taipei Basin was home to Ketagalan tribes before the eighteenth century, Han Chinese mainly from Fujian Province of Qing dynasty China began to settle in the Taipei Basin in 1709. In 1875, the part of Taiwan was separated from Taiwan Prefecture. From 1875 until the beginning of Japanese rule in 1895, Taipei was part of Tamsui County of Taipeh Prefecture, in 1885, work commenced to create an independent Taiwan Province, and Taipei City was temporarily made the provincial capital. Taipei officially became the capital of Taiwan in 1894, all that remains from the Qing era is the north gate
6.
Taiwan
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Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is a state in East Asia. Neighbours include China to the west, Japan to the northeast, Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy. The island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, was inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before the 17th century. After a brief rule by the Kingdom of Tungning, the island was annexed by the Qing dynasty, the Qing ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895 after the Sino-Japanese War. While Taiwan was under Japanese rule, the Republic of China was established on the mainland in 1912 after the fall of the Qing dynasty, following the Japanese surrender to the Allies in 1945, the ROC took control of Taiwan. However, the resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the ROCs loss of the mainland to the Communists, and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949. As a founding member of the United Nations, the ROC continued to represent China at the United Nations until 1971, in the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization, creating a stable industrial economy. In the 1980s and early 1990s, it changed from a one-party military dictatorship dominated by the Kuomintang to a multi-party democracy with universal suffrage, Taiwan is the 22nd-largest economy in the world, and its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy. It is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press, health care, public education, economic freedom, the PRC has consistently claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and asserted the ROC is no longer in legitimate existence. Under its One-China Policy the PRC refused diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the ROC, the PRC has threatened the use of military force in response to any formal declaration of independence by Taiwan or if PRC leaders decide that peaceful unification is no longer possible. There are various names for the island of Taiwan in use today, the former name Formosa dates from 1542, when Portuguese sailors sighted the main island of Taiwan and named it Ilha Formosa, which means beautiful island. The name Formosa eventually replaced all others in European literature and was in use in English in the early 20th century. This name was adopted into the Chinese vernacular as the name of the sandbar. The modern word Taiwan is derived from this usage, which is seen in forms in Chinese historical records. Use of the current Chinese name was formalized as early as 1684 with the establishment of Taiwan Prefecture, through its rapid development, the entire Formosan mainland eventually became known as Taiwan. The official name of the state is the Republic of China and it was a member of the United Nations representing China until 1971, when it lost its seat to the Peoples Republic of China. Over subsequent decades, the Republic of China has become known as Taiwan. In some contexts, especially ones from the ROC government
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
California Democratic Party
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The California Democratic Party is the state branch of the United States Democratic Party in the state of California. Headquartered in Sacramento, it is chaired by veteran Democratic politician and former United States Representative John L. Burton and it is the majority party in both chambers of the California State Legislature, i. e. the State Assembly and the Senate. In regards to businesses and economics, the California Democratic party takes a stance that protects consumers, small businesses, unions, the platform also makes a point to champion the economic reforms of President Barack Obama. The 2012 platform addresses the issues of family in several sections, the platform promises to protect seniors, children and all types of families with fair economic and social policies. These policies range from continuing Medicare for the elderly and keeping playgrounds safe for children, the platform also highlights the right of a woman to make choices for her own body and claims that healthcare is a natural right of all people. The California democrats further promise to protect the dignity of disabled citizens, the platform is dedicated to advocating for the rights of women through equal pay and affirmative action. The party prioritizes the creation of a sustainable and earth-friendly state, focus is placed on the development of alternative forms of energy and how energy is consumed. In addition, the stresses that green jobs are a solution to economic. Finally, the platform takes stances on open internet use, immigration, the Democrats of California support the right of the people to express their thoughts and ideas through any media, and their right to assemble. The party believes that laws should be fair and that immigrants should not be discriminated against. The party wishes to bring education to the forefront, aiming to turn California into a state for academic achievement. A Detailed description of the California Democratic Partys position on all of the issues can be found in their 2012 Platform document. The California Democratic Party passes multiple resolutions every year as a way of expressing their opinion to lawmakers statewide, while the partys resolutions have no legal force themselves, they are official documents that elected representatives should take into account when making decisions. A few recent resolutions are summarised below,2012 Buy American This resolution, written 18 November 2012, encourages all arms of government to favor American suppliers of goods and services. The above are three of a long list of Resolutions passed by the California Democratic Party in 2012 and in preceding years. The history of the Democratic Party of California is complex and long, the State has traded hands every few cycles since its admission into the union in 1850. At that time, the state was firmly in the hands of the Democratic Party, until the early 1880s after the Republican Party abolished slavery, the Republicans held the state through the power and influence of railroad men. The Democratic Party responded by taking an anti-corporate, anti freedom of attainment position, in 1894, Democrat James Budd was elected to the governorship, and the Democratic Party attempted to make good on their promises to reform the booming railroad industry
9.
San Jose, California
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San Jose, officially the City of San José, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California. With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908, it is the third most populous city in California and the tenth most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the shore of San Francisco Bay. San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California. San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people, San Jose was founded on November 29,1777, as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California. When California gained statehood in 1850, San Jose became the states first capital, following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from a center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U. S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California, by the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries. San Jose is considered to be a city, notable for its affluence. San Joses location within the high tech industry, as a cultural, political. San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the Brookings Institute. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Brocade, Samsung, Acer, Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by several groups of Ohlone Native Americans. The first lasting European presence began with a series of Franciscan missions established from 1769 by Junípero Serra, San Jose came under Mexican rule in 1821 after Mexico broke with the Spanish crown. It then became part of the United States, after it capitulated in 1846, on March 27,1850, San Jose became the second incorporated city in the state, with Josiah Belden its first mayor. San Jose was Californias first state capital, and hosted the first, today the Circle of Palms Plaza in downtown is the historical marker for the first state capital. The city was a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, in the period 1900 through 1910, San Jose served as a center for pioneering invention, innovation, and impact in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air flight. These activities were led principally by John Montgomery and his peers, the City of San Jose has established Montgomery Park, a Monument at San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor
10.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
11.
California State University, Northridge
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California State University, Northridge is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, in the San Fernando Valley. As of Fall 2014, the school had 2,096 faculty and it was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of Cal State Los Angeles. It then became an independent college in 1958 as San Fernando Valley State College, with major campus master planning, the University adopted its current name of California State University, Northridge in 1972. CSUN enrolls more than 40,000 students and ranks 10 in the U. S. in bachelors degrees awarded to underrepresented minority students, the university has over 200,000 alumni. CSUN is home to the National Center on Deafness, and the university hosts the International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities, the establishment of CSUN began in 1952 with the proposal of a new satellite campus for Los Angeles State College. A Baldwin Hills location was planned in 1955, but San Fernando Valley advocates persuaded state officials to change the location to Northridge. In July 1958, the campus separated from Los Angeles State College and was renamed San Fernando Valley State College, with enrollment reaching 2,525, in 1959, it became the first State College to have its own computer. In 1964, the computer lab was moved into quarters in the newly completed Sierra Hall building complex. The campuss quiet, moderately conservative and overwhelmingly white suburban setting did not shield it from a share of the noise, strife, as on many college campuses, there were increasingly large antiwar demonstrations and occasional draft card burnings. In 1966–67, there were only 23 Black and 7 Latino students, responding to complaints about low minority representation, the administration made some attempt to boost enrollment of Latinos and Blacks in 1967. By the fall of 1968 the tally stood at about 150 Black and 75 Latino students, nobody was hurt and, under duress, the president agreed to their demands. The administration largely kept its part of the bargain, but despite an included assurance of amnesty,28 of the students involved were charged with kidnapping. The last such demonstration was in May 1971, on the first anniversary of the Kent State shootings, the college officially renamed itself California State University, Northridge in June 1972. In 1975, the construction of the CSUN sculpture began at the southeast corner of campus, by 1977, enrollment at the university was 28,023, with tuition at $95. In 1981, the officially established a foreign exchange student program with Japan, China, Ukraine, South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil. In 1988, the campus had an enrollment of 31,575, the 1994 Northridge earthquake struck on January 17 and caused $400 million in damage to the campus, the heaviest damage ever sustained by an American college campus. The epicenter was less than two miles away on a previously undiscovered blind thrust fault, later the same month, Vice President Al Gore visited with a promise of funds to help with the reconstruction. Due to inadequate earthquake engineering, the structure next to the Matadome was completely destroyed
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Computer programming
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Computer programming is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Source code is written in one or more programming languages, the purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the domain, specialized algorithms. Related tasks include testing, debugging, and maintaining the code, implementation of the build system. Software engineering combines engineering techniques with software development practices, within software engineering, programming is regarded as one phase in a software development process. There is a debate on the extent to which the writing of programs is an art form. In general, good programming is considered to be the application of all three, with the goal of producing an efficient and evolvable software solution. Because the discipline covers many areas, which may or may not include critical applications, in most cases, the discipline is self-governed by the entities which require the programming, and sometimes very strict environments are defined. Another ongoing debate is the extent to which the language used in writing computer programs affects the form that the final program takes. Different language patterns yield different patterns of thought and this idea challenges the possibility of representing the world perfectly with language because it acknowledges that the mechanisms of any language condition the thoughts of its speaker community. In the 1880s Herman Hollerith invented the concept of storing data in machine-readable form, however, with the concept of the stored-program computers introduced in 1949, both programs and data were stored and manipulated in the same way in computer memory. Machine code was the language of early programs, written in the set of the particular machine. Assembly languages were developed that let the programmer specify instruction in a text format, with abbreviations for each operation code. However, because a language is little more than a different notation for a machine language. High-level languages allow the programmer to write programs in terms that are more abstract and they harness the power of computers to make programming easier by allowing programmers to specify calculations by entering a formula directly. Programs were mostly still entered using punched cards or paper tape, see computer programming in the punch card era. By the late 1960s, data storage devices and computer terminals became inexpensive enough that programs could be created by typing directly into the computers, text editors were developed that allowed changes and corrections to be made much more easily than with punched cards. Whatever the approach to development may be, the program must satisfy some fundamental properties
13.
Chinese language
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Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the Han majority and many ethnic groups in China. Nearly 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language, the varieties of Chinese are usually described by native speakers as dialects of a single Chinese language, but linguists note that they are as diverse as a language family. The internal diversity of Chinese has been likened to that of the Romance languages, There are between 7 and 13 main regional groups of Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin, followed by Wu, Min, and Yue. Most of these groups are mutually unintelligible, although some, like Xiang and certain Southwest Mandarin dialects, may share common terms, all varieties of Chinese are tonal and analytic. Standard Chinese is a form of spoken Chinese based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin. It is the language of China and Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore. It is one of the six languages of the United Nations. The written form of the language, based on the logograms known as Chinese characters, is shared by literate speakers of otherwise unintelligible dialects. Of the other varieties of Chinese, Cantonese is the spoken language and official in Hong Kong and Macau. It is also influential in Guangdong province and much of Guangxi, dialects of Southern Min, part of the Min group, are widely spoken in southern Fujian, with notable variants also spoken in neighboring Taiwan and in Southeast Asia. Hakka also has a diaspora in Taiwan and southeast Asia. Shanghainese and other Wu varieties are prominent in the lower Yangtze region of eastern China, Chinese can be traced back to a hypothetical Sino-Tibetan proto-language. The first written records appeared over 3,000 years ago during the Shang dynasty, as the language evolved over this period, the various local varieties became mutually unintelligible. In reaction, central governments have sought to promulgate a unified standard. Difficulties have included the great diversity of the languages, the lack of inflection in many of them, in addition, many of the smaller languages are spoken in mountainous areas that are difficult to reach, and are often also sensitive border zones. Without a secure reconstruction of proto-Sino-Tibetan, the structure of the family remains unclear. A top-level branching into Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages is often assumed, the earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones from around 1250 BCE in the late Shang dynasty
14.
Pinyin
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Pinyin, or Hànyǔ Pīnyīn, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese, which is written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by many linguists, including Zhou Youguang and it was published by the Chinese government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization adopted pinyin as a standard in 1982. The system was adopted as the standard in Taiwan in 2009. The word Hànyǔ means the language of the Han people. In 1605, the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci published Xizi Qiji in Beijing and this was the first book to use the Roman alphabet to write the Chinese language. Twenty years later, another Jesuit in China, Nicolas Trigault, neither book had much immediate impact on the way in which Chinese thought about their writing system, and the romanizations they described were intended more for Westerners than for the Chinese. One of the earliest Chinese thinkers to relate Western alphabets to Chinese was late Ming to early Qing Dynasty scholar-official, the first late Qing reformer to propose that China adopt a system of spelling was Song Shu. A student of the great scholars Yu Yue and Zhang Taiyan, Song had been to Japan and observed the effect of the kana syllabaries. This galvanized him into activity on a number of fronts, one of the most important being reform of the script, while Song did not himself actually create a system for spelling Sinitic languages, his discussion proved fertile and led to a proliferation of schemes for phonetic scripts. The Wade–Giles system was produced by Thomas Wade in 1859, and it was popular and used in English-language publications outside China until 1979. This Sin Wenz or New Writing was much more sophisticated than earlier alphabets. In 1940, several members attended a Border Region Sin Wenz Society convention. Mao Zedong and Zhu De, head of the army, both contributed their calligraphy for the masthead of the Sin Wenz Societys new journal. Outside the CCP, other prominent supporters included Sun Yat-sens son, Sun Fo, Cai Yuanpei, the countrys most prestigious educator, Tao Xingzhi, an educational reformer. Over thirty journals soon appeared written in Sin Wenz, plus large numbers of translations, biographies, some contemporary Chinese literature, and a spectrum of textbooks
15.
Santa Clara Valley
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The Santa Clara Valley runs south-southeast from the southern end of San Francisco Bay in Northern California in the United States. The northern, urbanized end of the valley is part of a locally known as the South Bay and also part of the electronics, research. Most of the Santa Clara Valley is in Santa Clara County, including its county seat, the valley, named after the Spanish Mission Santa Clara, was for a time known as the Valley of Hearts Delight for its high concentration of orchards, flowering trees, and plants. Until the 1960s it was the largest fruit production and packing region in the world with 39 canneries, once primarily agricultural because of its highly fertile soil, Santa Clara Valley is now largely urbanized, although its far southern reaches south of Gilroy remain agrarian. The most northern areas are considered part of Silicon Valley. As Silicon Valley is not a valley, parts of the San Francisco Peninsula farther north are included in the Silicon Valley region as well. Locally, the areas of Santa Clara Valley are also referred to as part of the South Bay. Few traces of its agricultural past can still be found, and it was one of the first commercial wine-producing regions in California, utilizing high-quality French varietal vines imported from France. The northern end of the Santa Clara Valley is at the tip of the San Francisco Bay. The valley is bounded by the Santa Cruz Mountains on the southwest, which separate Santa Clara Valley from the Pacific Ocean, the valley is approximately 30 miles long by 15 miles wide. Its largest city, by an 86. 7% margin, is San Jose, the population of the valley is 1.81 million people along with approximately 865,700 wage and salary jobs. Santa Clara Valley has a Mediterranean semi-arid climate, Mission Santa Clara de Asís with control over a vast tract of land stretching from Palo Alto to Gilroy was founded by Franciscans in 1777. San Jose was also founded in 1777 by Spain as an agricultural pueblo and it is the oldest town in California. In Spanish and Mexican times the land was devoted to cattle, following the Mexican–American War San Jose was briefly the Capital of California. In 1860, as an American town, the population of San Jose was 4,579, for a time wheat became the main crop, but in the 1870s fruit gradually became the main crop and processing of fruit by drying or canning the predominant industry. The railroad reached San Jose in 1860, the valley with its scenic beauty, mild climate, and thousands of acres of blooming fruit trees was known as The Valley of Hearts Delight. Prunes were the crop and were shipped internationally. Water was supplied from an artesian aquifer, when the water table dropped wells were pumped
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East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)
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The eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area, commonly referred to as the East Bay, includes cities along the eastern shores of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, with a population of roughly 2.5 million in 2010, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area. Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay and the third largest in the Bay Area, the city serves as a major transportation hub for the U. S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California, increased population has led to the growth of such large edge cities as Berkeley, Hayward, Concord and Fremont. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 with its terminus at the newly constructed Oakland Long Wharf. Today the Port of Oakland is the Bay Areas largest port, in 1868, the University of California was formed from the private College of California and a new campus was built in what would become Berkeley. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake saw a number of refugees flee to the relatively undamaged East Bay. As the East Bay grew, the push to connect it with a permanent link than ferry service resulted in the completion of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in 1936. The Bay Area saw further growth in the decades following World War II, the 1937 completion of the Caldecott Tunnel through the Berkeley Hills fueled growth further east, where there was undeveloped land. Cities in the Diablo Valley, including Concord and Walnut Creek, the addition of the BART commuter rail system in 1972 further encouraged development in increasingly far-flung regions of the East Bay. Today, the valleys east of the Berkeley Hills contain large affluent suburban communities such as Walnut Creek, San Ramon, the East Bay is not a formally defined region, aside from its being described as a region inclusive of Alameda and Contra Costa counties. As development moves generally eastward, new areas are described as being part of the East Bay, beyond the borders of Alameda County, the large population of Tracy is connected as a bedroom community housing commuters traveling to or through the East Bay. Except for some hills and ridges which exist as parklands or undeveloped land, and some farmland in eastern Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, the East Bay is highly urbanized. The East Bay shoreline is a corridor with several cities exceeding 100,000 residents, including Oakland, Hayward, Fremont, Richmond. In the inland valleys on the east side of the Berkeley Hills, the land is developed, particularly on the eastern fringe of Contra Costa county. In the inland valleys, the density is less and the cities smaller. The only cities exceeding 100,000 residents in the valleys are Antioch. The free East Bay Monthly has been published since 1970, in the early years of the evolution of USA Today, during the early 1980s, they operated regional newspapers, with the regions paper entitled East Bay Today
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San Francisco Bay Area
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The San Francisco Bay Area is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco. The Bay Areas nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California, the fifth-largest in the United States, the Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States, and is known for its natural beauty, liberal politics, entrepreneurship, and diversity. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay, the inner East Bay is more densely populated, with generally older buildings, and a more ethnically diverse population. The word Lamorinda was coined by combining the names of the cities it includes, Lafayette, Moraga, walnut Creek is situated east of Lamorinda and north of the San Ramon Valley and, together with Concord, Martinez, and Pleasant Hill comprises Central Contra Costa County. The cities of Antioch, Pittsburg, Brentwood, Oakley and the areas surrounding them comprise East Contra Costa County. The Tri-Valley consists of the Amador, the Livermore, and the San Ramon Valleys, dublin and Pleasanton comprise the Amador Valley, Livermore lies in the Livermore Valley, and the San Ramon Valley consists of Alamo, Danville, Diablo and its namesake, San Ramon. The outer East Bay is connected to the inner East Bay by BART, Interstate 580 to the south, and State Routes State Route 4 to the north, the outer East Bays infrastructure was mostly built up after World War II. This area remains largely white demographically, although the Hispanic and Filipino populations have grown significantly over the past 2–3 decades, the region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area encompasses Marin County, Sonoma County, Napa County, the city of Fairfield, being part of Solano County, is often considered the easternmost city of the North Bay. With few exceptions, this region is affluent, Marin County is ranked as the wealthiest in the state. The North Bay is relatively rural compared to the remainder of the Bay Area, with areas of undeveloped open space, farmland. Santa Rosa in Sonoma County is the North Bays largest city, with a population of 167,815 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area population of 466,891, making it the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. The North Bay is the section of the Bay Area that is not currently served by a commuter rail service. The area from San Francisco to the Silicon Valley, geographically part of the San Francisco Peninsula, is known locally as The Peninsula, many of these families are of foreign background and have significantly contributed to the diversity of the area. Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula, in local terms, San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, the north, east, and west. The city squeezes roughly 870,000 people in under 47 square miles, on any given day, there can be as many as 1 million people in the city because of the commuting population and tourism
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Taiwanese Americans
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Taiwanese Americans are Americans who have full or partial Taiwanese heritage. This includes American-born citizens who descend from migrants from the island of Taiwan, according to the 2010 U. S. Census, 49% of people who consider themselves Taiwanese live in the state of California. New York and Texas have the second and third largest Taiwanese American populations, prior to the 1950s emigration from Taiwan was negligible. Since the 1950s, because of the Cold War, the United States continued to recognize the Kuomintang-led ROC as the legitimate government of all of China from 1949 until 1979. As a result, immigration from Taiwan was counted under within the same quota for both mainland China and Taiwan. However, because the Peoples Republic of China banned emigration to the United States until 1977, in 1979, the United States broke diplomatic relations with the ROC, while the Taiwan Relations Act gave Taiwan a separate immigration quota from that of the PRC. Before the late 1960s, immigrants from Taiwan to the United States tended to be mainland Chinese who had immigrated to Taiwan with the Kuomintang after the fall of mainland China to the Communists. Later immigrants tended to increasingly be native Taiwanese, whose ancestors had lived on Taiwan before 1949, with improving economic and political conditions in Taiwan, Taiwanese immigration to the United States began to subside in the early-1980s. Taiwanese culture places a value on education, and many Taiwanese Americans are very highly educated. They often engage in occupations such as doctors, lawyers, engineers, accountants, professors. In addition, Taiwanese Americans occupy positions in the aerospace, defense, research, academic, several distinguished academics, including Nobel Prize winners, are Taiwanese Americans. Among Taiwanese Americans, medicine is regarded as high status for historical reasons. Estimates indicate that a percentage of Taiwanese students attend elite universities despite constituting less than 0. 5% of the U. S. population. Taiwanese Americans have the highest education attainment level in the United States, surpassing any other group in the country. According to the 2010 Labor Statistics from U. S. Census Bureau,73. 6% of all Taiwanese Americans have attained a bachelors or high degree. 80. 0% of Taiwanese American men attained a degree and 68. 3% of Taiwanese American women attained a bachelors degree. 39. 1% of all Taiwanese in the United States possess a master’s, doctorate or other professional degree,66. 2% of Taiwanese Americans work in many white collar professions compared 35. 9% for the general American population and 48. 1% for Asian Americans. 71. 3% of Taiwanese men and 60. 4% of Taiwanese women are in working in management, professional and they also hold some of the lowest unemployment rates in nation with a figure of 4. 3% compared to a national rate of 6. 9%
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California Republican Party
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The California Republican Party is the California affiliate of the United States Republican Party. The party chairman is Jim Brulte, and is based in Burbank, California, the CRP also has a headquarters in Sacramento. The partys stated goals are to enhance economic prosperity within the state, cut taxes, the CRP is active throughout the entire state of California, and the party prides itself on providing common sense solutions to the most troubling issues. As of 2016 Republicans represent approximately 28% of the registered voters. Crime and justice—The California Republican Party supports the governments protecting the welfare of the people and creating fair, the party advocates victims rights under the position that the victim is just as important as the offender in a crime. They believe overcrowding is an issue that should be solved by the creation of both private and public prisons. The party also supports the use of punishment for heinous crimes. The party call for a cut on unnecessary spending in order to create government infrastructure that will boost the economy, the party also supports Right-to-work laws and opposes closed shop establishments. Education— The California Republican Party believes that all children have the right to a first-class education, the party supports parents and local school boards being the primary regulators of the education system. The party also supports incentives for quality educators and that school admission, the party also believes that unions have too much influence in Californias schools and that has caused the degradation of the curriculum and the marginalization of involvement by parents. Environment—The California Republican Party believes in long-term responsible stewardship of Californias natural resources, the party supports California industry being a world leader in developing and manufacturing safe, renewable and sustainable energy. The party also believes that city governments should be held to the standards of cleaning waste water as are applied to private industry. Equal Opportunity—We oppose quotas, special rights, set asides, or guaranteed equality of results and we support laws prohibiting discrimination in employment and housing based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, disability, or religion. Family values—We support the two-parent family as the best environment for raising children, the Supreme Courts ruling cannot and must not be used to coerce a church or religious institution into performing marriages that their faith does not recognize. We believe public policy and education should not be exploited to advocate or teach any social or political agenda, healthcare—The California Republican Party opposes government mandated health care plans and single payer plans. The party also opposes any government healthcare plan for California that would involve taxes on doctors or hospitals, coverage for illegal aliens, the party also supports private sector solutions such as small business insurance pools, employment pricing reductions, guaranteed insurability and medical savings accounts. Immigration—The California Republican Party contends that the state of California is rich in the history of immigration, English should be mandatory in the workplace and businesses should be able to require employees to speak the English and all immigrants should be required to learn the language. Illegal aliens should be deported if they engage in criminal activity, the party supports the government offering intensive English language instruction to all who need it, including stipends to help immigrants attend the programs
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Anthony Rendon (politician)
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Anthony Rendon is an American politician currently serving as the Speaker of the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 63rd Assembly District in southeastern Los Angeles County, Rendon was born on March 4,1968 in Silver Lake, a neighborhood in central Los Angeles. His grandparents immigrated from Mexico to the United States during the 1920s and he grew up in a lower-middle-class family that frequently moved around the Los Angeles area. His father, Tom Rendon, worked multiple jobs, including for a home company. Rendon attended California High School, Whittier, graduating in 1986 and he has stated that he was a terrible student who benefited from social safety net programs like affirmative action and food stamps. After receiving a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship, Rendon earned his Ph. D. in political science from the University of California, Riverside and he completed post-doctoral work at Boston University. He was also the executive director of the California League of Conservation Voters. He worked with the Mexican American Opportunity Foundation in early education efforts. From 2001 to 2008, he was a professor in the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice at California State University. In 2013, Rendon authored Assembly Bill 711, a ban on lead hunting ammunition. In 2015, Rendon was named chair of the Assembly Committee on Utilities, on September 3,2015, Rendon was selected to be the next Assembly Speaker. The formal vote electing Mr. Rendon as Speaker occurred on January 11, the vote was unanimous, with the Republican leader seconding the motion. Rendon has stated his intention to bring back the tradition of past California Assembly Speakers of carrying no legislation himself, in December 2014, Rendon married Annie Lam in a ceremony officiated by former California State Assembly Speaker John A. Pérez
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Kevin Mullin
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Kevin Mullin is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 22nd Assembly District, which encompasses most of the San Francisco Peninsula region, Mullin is currently serving as the Assembly Speaker Pro Tempore. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a Mayor, additionally, Mullin completed an executive leadership program at Harvard Universitys Kennedy School of Government. Prior to service as an official, Mullin was a local business owner, district director to then-Senator Jackie Speier. He previously served as director for then-State Senator Jackie Speier. As an entrepreneur, Mullin created KM2 Communications—a multimedia production business in South San Francisco and he produced public affairs programming seen on local television and hosted various programs seen on Peninsula-TV Channel 26. Mullin was elected to the South San Francisco City Council in 2007, in 2011, he served as mayor. Mullin also represented the cities of San Mateo County on the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, during his first term as Assembly member, Mullin served as Assistant Speaker pro Tempore. On December 1,2014, he was sworn in as Speaker pro-Tempore, in this role, he has presided regularly over Assembly floor sessions and continued as part of Speaker Toni G. Atkins leadership team. His legislative priorities will be to focus on a budget with a healthy rainy day fund, election reform, clean energy. Mullin lives in South San Francisco with his wife, Jessica Stanfill Mullin and he is the son of former Assemblymember Gene Mullin
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Ian Calderon
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Ian Charles Calderon is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 57th Assembly District, which encompasses the Gateway Cities and he is currently serving as the Assembly Majority Leader and is the youngest Majority Leader in the history of the State of California. He was also the first millennial ever elected to the California State Legislature, Calderon is a member of the California Latino Legislative Caucus, the founder of the California Millennial Caucus and the co-founder of the California Technology and Innovation Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a surfing champion and he is the son of former Assemblymember and State Senator Charles Calderon Official website Campaign website
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Brian Dahle
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Brian Dahle is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Republican representing the 1st district, encompassing the Shasta Cascade region, prior to being elected to the state assembly, he was a Lassen County supervisor for 12 years. In the 2016 California Primary Election, Brian Dahle Won The State Assembly reelection, district 1 Assemblyman Brian Dahle is a third-generation farmer, business owner, and four term Lassen County Supervisor. Brians family history back to the original homestead farm in the 1930s in the Tule Lake area of Siskiyou County. The present Lassen County farm was purchased in the 1940s by Brians grandparents and has remained in the family since that time, when his parents retired, Brian and his wife Megan purchased the farm, which now operates over 2,000 acres. In addition, Brian and Megan Dahle operate and manage Big Valley Seed, elected to the Lassen County Board of Supervisors in 1996, Brian has helped ensure that budget is balanced and that County is completely debt free. Lassen is one of just a handful of Counties without any debt, Brian has taken a leadership role in helping strengthen rural counties. He is the past Chair and current board member for the Regional Council of Rural Counties, where he has been a leading defender of the North States private property and water rights
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Kevin McCarty
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Kevin McCarty is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 7th Assembly District, which encompasses a portion of the Sacramento metropolitan area, McCarty is a member of the California Legislative Black Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, he was a Sacramento City Councilmember representing the 6th district, McCarty was born and raised in the Sacramento area. He graduated with a degree in science from CSU Long Beach and is working on a masters degree in public policy. He is a resident of the Elmhurst neighborhood, while on the City Council, McCarty worked as a legislative advocate for Preschool California. Representing many of Sacramentos older neighborhoods, McCarty has been a big advocate for safe housing and he is also known as a big advocate of gun control. He also works with creating after school programs for District 6 schools, Council member McCarty along with Darrell Fong voted against a $257 million subsidy to develop a downtown entertainment and sports complex for the Sacramento Kings. The 6th district includes the suburban College Greens and Glenbrook neighborhoods which are located in the edges of Sacramento. He also represents the Tahoe Park area and the neighborhoods that make up southeast Sacramento. In the 2004 election, McCarty faced John Boyd, the director of Shriners Hospital for Children, McCarty defeated him by a 62% to 38% margin. McCarty did not face any opposition in his 2008 reelection bid and he did gain notoriety as the lone city councilman who declined to take sides in the mayoral primary between Heather Fargo and Kevin Johnson. However, by the election, he decided to support Fargos unsuccessful reelection bid. In 2010, Assembly Member Dave Jones was term limited, McCarty lost a close primary election to Roger Dickinson, the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors member from District 1. In 2012, McCarty was challenged by information technology manager Mitch Netto and he easily won in the primary election by a 3 to 1 margin. In 2014, McCarty was elected to represent Californias 7th Assembly District, defeating fellow Sacramento City Councilmember Steve Cohn
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Ken Cooley
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Ken William Cooley is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 8th Assembly District, which encompasses most of eastern Sacramento County, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a Mayor and City Councilmember in Rancho Cordova. From 1977 to 1985, Cooley was chief of staff to Assemblymember Louis J. Papan, from 1985 to 1988, Cooley was legislative counsel at the California Land Title Association. In 1988, Cooley returned to the California State Assembly to be counsel to the Finance and Insurance Committee. Cooley was legal counsel to State Farm Insurance from 1991 to 2008
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Jim Cooper (California politician)
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James Jim Cooper is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 9th Assembly District, which portions of Sacramento. Cooper is a member of the California Legislative Black Caucus and Assistant Majority Floor Leader, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, he was an Elk Grove City Councilmember and Sacramento County sheriffs deputy. Official website Campaign website AB1681
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Marc Levine
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Marc Levine is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 10th Assembly District, which encompasses the North San Francisco Bay Area, Levine is the current Chair of the California Legislative Jewish Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a San Rafael City Councilmember, marc Levine served on the San Rafael City Council, and gained a reputation for innovative environmental policies and pragmatic solutions. Levines election to the Assembly in 2012 was an upset, in which he prevailed despite being outspent 5-to-1 by a fellow Democrat. Levine was reelected to the Assembly in 2014 by nearly a three-to-one margin, Levine lives in Marin County with his wife Wendy and their two children. Levine has stated, Immigrants are welcome and we will do everything we can to help them achieve legal status, in 2015, he took action by authoring two immigration bills— both of which were signed by Governor Brown. AB899 safeguards the privacy of immigrant children by requiring federal immigration officials to obtain an order before accessing juvenile records. AB900 helps unaccompanied minor immigrants who are escaping violence and exploitation to receive humanitarian relief through the Special Immigrant Juvenile Status visa process, Levine worked with legislative leaders and Governor Brown to pass legislation providing $3 million in legal aid for those immigrants
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Jim Frazier (politician)
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James L. Frazier, Jr. is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 11th Assembly District, which encompasses the western Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was an Oakley City Councilmember and Mayor. During his first term, Fraziers legislation focused on roadway safety and he authored Assembly Bill 1113, concerning provisional drivers licenses, which sought to strengthen teen driver-licensing programs and improve the safety of the roadways. He also authored Assembly Bill 417, which lessened the processes needed to authorize bike lanes in urbanized areas and he authored Assembly Bill 513, which expands the use of rubberized asphalt in roads and other transportation projects. And he authored Assembly Bill 1336, which provides the state with added enforcement powers necessary to ensure that workers are paid mandated wages, during the 2014-15 legislative session, Frazier served as Chair of the Assembly Transportation Committee
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Susan Eggman
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Susan Talamantes Eggman is an American politician who is currently serving in the California State Assembly. A Democrat, she represents the 13th Assembly District, which encompasses western San Joaquin County, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, she was a Stockton City Councilmember and associate professor of social work at California State University, Sacramento. Eggman is openly lesbian and is a member of the California Legislative LGBT Caucus and she is also a member of the California Latino Legislative Caucus. Eggman grew up in Stanislaus County, attending Turlock High School before heading to California State University, Stanislaus and she later earned a Ph. D in social work from Portland State University
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Tony Thurmond
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Tony K. Thurmond is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. A Democrat, he represents the 15th Assembly District, which encompasses the northern East Bay, Thurmond is a member of the California Legislative Latino Caucus, California Legislative Black Caucus, and California Legislative Jewish Caucus. Prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2014, he was a member of the Richmond City Council, a Board Member of the West Contra Costa Unified School District, Thurmond was born in Monterey, California. He lived in San Jose, California, where he was raised by a single mother, tonys mother lost her battle to cancer in 1974, when Tony was 6. After, he moved to Philadelphia, where he was adopted and raised by his cousin and his cousin and step-father were both campus police officers for more than two decades and very active in union life. He is a graduate of Temple University, where he was student body president and he earned dual masters degrees in Law and Social Policy and Social Work from Bryn Mawr College. Thurmond’s first experience in office was as president of the student body at Temple University. Before being elected to the California State Assembly in 2014, Thurmond was a member of the West Contra Costa School Board from 2008 to 2012, Thurmond was the council liaison to the West Contra Costa County Unified School District and the West Contra Costa County Education Fund. He also served as liaison to Richmond’s Youth Commission and Workforce Investment Board. He was a member of the Family and Childrens Trust Committee of Contra Costa County, Thurmond ran first for the District 15 Assembly seat in 2008, coming in second out of four candidates. He ran again in 2014, this time winning 54. 3% of the vote and he was re-elected in 2016 with 89. 4% of the vote. Thurmond is a member of the California Legislative Black Caucus, California Latino Legislative Caucus, and the California Legislative Jewish Caucus. Thurmond’s first bill to be signed into law was AB1375 and this credit had not been adjusted since its inception in 1976, this bill adjusts it for inflation and the minimum wage. Thurmond’s AB1496 requires the California Air Resources Board to measure, AB1343 helps ensure due process for defendants who are immigrants, it was part of a package of legislation focused on protecting undocumented immigrants. AB768 bans use or possession of tobacco products in California’s five professional baseball stadiums. AB 2X-9, the Tobacco-Free Schools Act, co-authored by Thurmond and Assemblymember Adrin Nazarian and this bill also mandates that schools post signs reading “tobacco use is prohibited” at entrances. Tony Thurmond received a score of 100% on both the Equality California and California League of Conservation Voters legislative score cards for 2016, Thurmond has held leadership positions with several nonprofit social service organizations. At the Golden Gate Regional Center, he was a program manager leading service provision to individuals with developmental disabilities, in 2012 he began to serve as the Senior Director of Community and Government Relations at Lincoln Child Center
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David Chiu (politician)
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David Chiu is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 17th Assembly District, which encompasses the eastern half of San Francisco, Chiu is a member of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus. The eldest child of Hakka Taiwanese American immigrant parents, Chiu was born in Cleveland, Ohio and grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, where he attended Boston College High School. In the mid-1990s, Chiu served as Democratic Counsel to the U. S. Senate Judiciary Committee’s Constitution Subcommittee and he later founded Grassroots Enterprise, an online communications technology company, and served as its chief operating officer. He also served on the San Francisco Small Business Commission until he was elected supervisor in 2008, Chiu first ran for elected office in 2008, when he ran for a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 3. He was backed by incumbent supervisor Aaron Peskin as well as Kamala Harris, Mark Leno, Leland Yee, on his first day in office on January 8,2009, Chiu was elected to a two-year term as president of the Board of Supervisors. He was reelected president on January 8,2011, Chiu was reelected to his second and final term as supervisor in 2012, winning over 75% of the vote. He was later reelected by his supervisors to serve an unprecedented third term as president of the board on January 8,2013. In addition to serving on the Board of Supervisors, Chiu also served as a member of the San Francisco Democratic County Central Committee, on February 28,2011, Chiu announced his mayoral candidacy at a morning rally at San Francisco City Hall. Over the course of the campaign, Chiu raised over $1.24 million from private and public sources and spent roughly the same amount. On Election Day, Chiu placed fourth behind incumbent Ed Lee with 17,921 first-place votes, despite the fourth-place finish, Chiu, Lee, and third-place candidate Dennis Herrera appeared individually on more ballots overall than John Avalos, who came in second. He ran against fellow Democrat and supervisor David Campos, on January 22,2014, the San Francisco Chronicle column City Insider reported that Chiu reported having raised $450,000 for the Assembly race. Polls showed him ahead of Campos, Chiu beat Campos in the San Francisco primary on Tuesday, June 3,2014, by approximately five percentage points. Chiu won 48% of the vote, while Campos pulled in 43%, on November 4, Chiu defeated Campos with 51. 9% of the vote, and Campos conceded on November 6. David Chiu was appointed by Speaker Toni Atkins to serve as assistant speaker pro tempore in the 2015–16 session, the assistant speaker pro tempore is the third highest ranking position in the state assembly
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Rob Bonta
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Rob Bonta is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 18th Assembly District, encompasses the central East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was an Alameda City Councilmember. He is the current Chair of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus, Bonta was the first Filipino-American ever elected to the California Legislature. Bonta is an alumnus of Bella Vista High School in Fair Oaks, bontas mother, Cynthia Bonta, helped organize Filipino and Mexican American farmworkers for the United Farm Workers. Official website Campaign website Official Facebook page
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Phil Ting
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Ting is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 19th Assembly District, which encompasses western San Francisco, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was the Assessor-Recorder of San Francisco. He is the current Vice-Chair of the California Asian & Pacific Islander Legislative Caucus, in 2016, he became the first API assemblymember to serve as Chair of the powerful Assembly Budget Committee. Phil Ting began his career as a real estate financial adviser at Arthur Andersen and he also previously served as the executive director of the Asian Law Caucus, as the president of the Bay Area Assessors Association, and on the board of Equality California. Phil Ting was appointed San Francisco Assessor-Recorder in 2005 by then-Mayor Gavin Newsom, as Assessor-Recorder, Ting cleared a five-year assessment backlog, which resulted in the collection of more than $200 million in unpaid property taxes. In February 2012, Ting commissioned the country’s first real study of mortgage fraud that spurred national action, specifically, Ting commissioned an audit of nearly 400 homes in the city that had been foreclosed upon in 2009-2011. Ting ran in the San Francisco Mayoral election of 2011 but was defeated by incumbent Mayor Ed Lee, the following year, in 2012, he was elected to the California State Assembly. In 2014, Ting announced his support for a million property tax-break for large corporations in San Franciscos Mid-Market District. The tax-break was killed due to Tings actions drawing the anger of veteran organizations, a Democrat, Ting represents the states 19th District, which includes the west side of San Francisco, in addition to Broadmoor, Colma, Daly City, and South San Francisco. Ting is currently Chair of the Assembly Committee on Budget and is first Asian-American to hold the position and he previously served as Chair of the Assembly Committee on Revenue and Taxation and Chair of the Assembly Democratic Caucus. Ting is a graduate of UC Berkeley and John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and he lives in San Franciscos Sunset District with his wife and their two daughters. His parents are immigrants from Taiwan
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Bill Quirk
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William J. Bill Quirk is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 20th Assembly District, which encompasses the southern East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area, prior to being elected to the Assembly in 2012, he was a Hayward City Councilmember and nuclear physicist. Upon returning to New York City, Bill joined NASA as a research scientist and developed the Goddard Institute Climate Model, Bill left NASA to work at the management consulting firm, McKinsey and Company in New York City in their computer system practice. Bill became this country’s expert in nuclear programs in foreign countries. Bill prepared reports for the Presidential Daily Brief and played a key role in the negotiations for the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, teaching physics at Columbia, Caltech and UC Davis helped Bill formulate his lifelong interest in education. Quirk was a physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Lab for 26 years 1979-2005, in 1996, he helped break the deadlock in the negotiations of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty In the early 90s, he also showed that the plutonium parts of nuclear weapons could be reused. This resulted in the closing of the Rocky Flats plutonium fabrication facility near Denver and this removed the threat of a major environment disaster in the Denver metropolitan area. There had already been a fire at the facility that had threatened to spread plutonium oxide across the metropolitan area. Bill served from 2004-12 on the Hayward City Council, while on the Council, Bill served on the Board of Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency, and the Hayward Area Shoreline Planning Agency. While on the city council, Bill has been dedicated to revitalizing Hayward through promoting jobs and safe, Quirk is the only rocket engineer to serve in the California legislature. He has a Ph. D. in astrophysics from Columbia University, since being elected to the California State Assembly in November 2012, Bill has served on 5 committees, Rules, which determines what committees bills are sent to. Appropriations, which determines whether bills that appropriate funds can proceed to a vote of the full assembly, utilities and Commerce that deals with the state’s telecommunication, electric, gas, and water utilities. In 2014, Quirk authored a bill that made it easier to get domestic violence restraining orders in California, the bill AB2089 goes into effect January 1,2015. Bill and his wife Laurel moved to the Hayward area in 1978 and they raised two children who attended Moreau Catholic High School and the University of California. Since moving to Hayward in 1978, Bill served the community as President of Hayward Friends of the Library and Chair and he is a Member of Hayward Rotary, the Hayward Arts Council and the Hayward Area Historical Society. Official website Campaign website Scientific Papers
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Adam Gray
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Gray is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Democrat representing the 21st Assembly District, encompassing all of Merced County, according to Grays state website, he was born and raised in Merced working at his grandfathers local business, Merced Dairy Supply. He graduated from Golden Valley High School and then attended Merced Community College before earning his bachelors in political science from University of California at Santa Barbara, according to Grays state website, he returned to Merced to work with then Assemblymember, and former Congressman, Dennis Cardoza. At the time, farmers were plagued with soaring prices, rolling blackouts, low rainfall. Gray helped exempt fuel and farm equipment from the sales tax, otherwise known as the “Tractor Tax, ” which encouraged farmers to upgrade their equipment. He also worked on legislation to tax incentives to small businesses. He also worked on legislation that provides tax credits to first-time homebuyers, in July 2013, Gray testified in the federal investigation involving the public corruption charges against state Sen. Ron Calderon, D-Montebello. In August 2014, Gray paid a $2,000 fine for failing to report a non-monetary gift made to his campaign in 2011 by the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation, Gray first assumed office in the California State Assembly in November 2012. He defeated his opponent by a margin of 58. 2% -41. 8%, in the 2014 primary election, Gray received 95. 3% of the vote. In October 2013, Gray was cited by multiple sources for assisting the residents of a mobile home park in Santa Nella, California. When a fire destroyed the source for more than 30 homes, Gray organized an effort with local electrical workers to have the necessary parts. Gray was honored as a special guest when the project broke ground on August 15,2014, in September 2014, Gray was named the California Rifle and Pistol Association - Outstanding Legislator of the Year. AB793 – Merced Irrigation District Electricity Rates, Gray and Cannella jointly introduced legislation to ensure Merced Irrigation District customers did not experience electricity rate increases resulting from new hydro-electric power regulations. The legislation was signed into law which prohibits new regulations from increasing the prices paid by MID energy customers from New Exchequer Dam, ACR154 – Modesto City Schools World Geography World Religions Class. Gray introduced legislation to bring recognition to the efforts of Modesto City Schools course in world geography, according to The Modesto Bee, the district is believed to be the only public school district in the nation to require a class on world religions. AB1545 – Gun Owner Protection, Gray introduced legislation to provide otherwise law-abiding gun owners with a path to register guns that were obtained or transferred without the facilitation of a licensed dealer. The bill allows gun owners to declare their firearm for late registration. AB1004 and AB2121 – Law Enforcement Efficiency, Gray lives in Merced with his wife Cadee, and is the son-in-law of former assemblymember and congressman Gary Condit
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Jim Patterson (California politician)
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James Norwood Jim Patterson is an American politician serving in the California State Assembly. He is a Republican representing the 23rd district, which encompasses eastern Fresno County, prior to being elected to the state assembly, he was a business executive, broadcaster, public speaker, and is the former mayor of Fresno, California. Patterson was mayor of Fresno between 1993 and 2001, succeeding Karen Humphrey, and being succeeded by Alan Autry, Patterson ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 21st congressional district, a district with new boundaries created through reapportionment after the 2000 United States census. His opponents were State Assemblyman Mike Briggs and Devin Nunes, the California State Director for the United States Department of Agricultures Rural Development section, Patterson came in second place to Nunes, who would eventually win the general election. Patterson ran for the Republican nomination in Californias 19th congressional district and he finished a close second in the June 8,2010 primary to California State Senator Jeff Denham, who won the general election. List of mayors of Fresno, California Official website Campaign website
