The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival is a film festival held annually in July in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. The Karlovy Vary Festival is one of the oldest in the world and has become Central and Eastern Europe’s leading film event; the pre-war dream of many enthusiastic filmmakers materialized in 1946 when a non-competition festival of films from seven countries took place in Mariánské Lázně and Karlovy Vary. Above all it was intended to screen the results of the nationalized Czechoslovak film industry. After the first two years the festival moved permanently to Karlovy Vary; the Karlovy Vary IFF first held an international film competition in 1948. Since 1951, an international jury has evaluated the films; the Karlovy Vary competition found a place among other developing festivals and by 1956 FIAPF had classified Karlovy Vary as a category A festival. Given the creation of the Moscow Film Festival and the political decision to organize only one "A" festival for all socialist countries, Karlovy Vary was forced to alternate year by year with Moscow IFF between 1959 and 1993.

The social and political changes that took place after the Velvet Revolution in November 1989 pushed concerns about organizing the Karlovy Vary IFF to the background. The program for 1990 was saved by the release of a collection of Czechoslovak films, locked up for years in a storage vault, and the appearance of a number of international guests such as Miloš Forman, Lindsay Anderson, Annette Bening and Robert De Niro helped as well. Future festivals were in doubt. Financial problems and a lack of interest on the part of the government and viewers ended the festival's long tradition in 1992. In 1994, the 29th Karlovy Vary IFF inaugurated an new tradition. After nearly forty years of alternating with the Moscow IFF, the festival began once again to take place every year; the Karlovy Vary Film Festival Foundation was set up in 1993 co-created by the Ministry of Culture, The City of Karlovy Vary, the Grand Hotel Pupp. Actor Jiří Bartoška was invited to be the festival's president, Eva Zaoralová became program director in 1995.

Since 1998, the organization of the festival has been carried out by Film Servis Festival Karlovy Vary, a joint stock company. The main center of the festival is Hotel Thermal; the core of the program is the feature film competition. The documentary competition is an important festival event; the extensive informative program features both distribution pre-premiers and films awarded at other festivals. But it includes discoveries of artistic creations by independent directors, productions coming out of little known film industries, an overview of Czech film output during the past year. For the tenth straight year the festival will present Variety Critics' Choice: new and interesting films of European production selected by critics working at this prestigious magazine. Seminars focusing on European film are another important part of the festival. Thousands of visitors and the great variety of films testify to the effectiveness of the program team with program director Eva Zaoralová at its head.

Due to their valiant efforts many films will be purchased at the festival for wider distribution or, thanks to receiving a festival award, will attract the attention of major producers and the media. The festival program has the following sections: Official Selection - Competition – films never before shown in competition at any other international festival. East of the West - Competition – films from the former socialist bloc. Documentary Films - Competition – a competition divided into two parts: documentaries less than and longer than 30 minutes. Horizons and Another View – a selection of the most remarkable contemporary films. Imagina - films with an unconventional approach to narration and style and radical visions of film language. Out of the Past - classic, cult and unfairly overlooked films, screened in their original and restored versions. Future Frames: Ten New Filmmakers To Follow - ten directors, an upcoming generation of young European filmmakers, present their student films; the project is organized in cooperation with European Film Promotion.

Midnight Screenings - a selection of the latest horror and action films, works that look at their genres in new humorous, ways. Czech Films – a representative selection of current Czech films. Tributes, special focuses and retrospectives Since 1948, the Grand Prize has been the Crystal Globe – although its form has changed; as of the 35th Karlovy Vary IFF 2000 the Crystal Globe has taken on a new look: now the figure of a woman stands raising a crystal ball. The Feature Film Competition is divided into the following main awards: Grand Prix – Crystal Globe for best feature film Special Jury Prize Best Director Award Best Actress Award Best Actor AwardThe Documentary Competition is divided into the following main awards: Best Documentary Film in the category for film lasting 30 minutes or less Best Documentary Film in the category for film lasting above 30 minutes in lengthEach year, the festival presents the Crystal Globe for Outstanding Contribution to World Cinema. 1946: Nikolay Cherkasov, Rita Hayworth 1956: Dev Anand 1990: Miloš Forman, Robert De Niro, Annette Bening, Vojtěch Jasný, Maximilian Schell, Shirley Temple 1992: Coen brothers, Jason Connery, Aki Kaurismäki, Ken Loach, Agnieszka Holland 1994: Leonardo DiCaprio, Max von Sydow, Philippe Noiret 1995: Peter O'Toole, Fridri

Lyn Yvonne Abramson is a professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She was born in Minnesota, she took her undergraduate degree at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1972 before attaining her Ph. D. in clinical psychology at University of Pennsylvania in 1978. As a clinical psychologist, her main areas of research interest have been exploring vulnerability to major depressive disorder and psychobiological and cognitive approaches to depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, she was the senior author of the paper "Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation" published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1978, proposing a link between a particular explanatory style and depression. With her co-authors William T. L. Cox, Patricia Devine, Steven D. Hollon, she proposed the integrated perspective on prejudice and depression, which combines cognitive theories of depression with cognitive theories of prejudice. Lyn and her coauthors propose that many cases of depression may be caused by prejudice from the self or from another person.

"This depression caused by prejudice – which the researchers call deprejudice — can occur at many levels. In the classic case, prejudice causes depression at the societal level, but this causal chain can occur at the interpersonal level, or at the intrapersonal level, within a single person."Along with her frequent collaborator Lauren Alloy, Abramson was awarded the James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award for 2008–2009 by the Association for Psychological Science. She is on the Institute for Scientific Information list of cited researchers. Abramson, L. Y. Editor. Social cognition and clinical psychology: A synthesis. New York: Guilford. Abramson, L. Y. Alloy, L. B. Hankin, B. L. Haeffel, G. J. Gibb, B. E. & MacCoon, D. G.. Cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression in a self-regulatory and psychobiological context. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen, Handbook of depression. New York: Guilford Abramson, L. Y. Alloy, L. B. & Panzarella, C. C.. Depression. In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. London: Macmillan.

Abramson, L. Y. Bardone, A. M. Vohs, K. D. Joiner, T. E. & Heatherton, T. F.. The Paradox of perfectionism and binge eating: Toward a resolution. In L. B. Alloy and J. H. Riskind, Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum. Alloy, L. B. & Abramson, L. Y.. Cyclothymic personality. In W. E. Craighead and C. B. Nemeroff, Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. New York: Wiley & Sons, Inc. Alloy, L. B. Abramson, L. Y. Safford, S. M. & Gibb, B. E; the Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project: Current findings and future directions. In L. B. Alloy and J. H. Riskind, Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum. Spasojevic, J. Alloy, L. B. Abramson, L. Y. MacCoon, D. & Robinson, M. S.. Reactive rumination: Consequences and developmental antecedents. In C. Papageorgiou and A. Wells, Depressive rumination: Nature and treatment. New York: Wiley. Abramson, L. Y. Alloy, L. B. Hankin, B. L. Clements, C. M. Zhu, L. Hogan, M. E. & Whitehouse, W. G..

Optimistic cognitive styles and invulnerability to depression. In J. Gillham, The science of optimism and hope. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Abramson, L. Y. Alloy, L. B. Hogan, M. E. Whitehouse, W. G. Gibb, B. E. Hankin, B. L. & Cornette, M. M.. The hopelessness theory of suicidality. In T. E. Joiner and M. D. Rudd, Suicide science: Expanding boundaries. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishing Alloy, L. B. & Abramson, L. Y.. Cyclothymic personality. In W. E. Craighead and C. B. Nemeroff, The Corsini Encyclopedia of psychology and neuroscience.. New York: Wiley & Sons. Alloy, L. B. Abramson, L. Y. & Chiara, A. M.. On the mechanisms by which optimism promotes positive mental and physical health: A commentary on Aspinwall. In J. Gillham, The science of optimism and hope. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Cornette, M. M. Abramson, L. Y. & Bardone, A. M.. Toward an integrated theory of suicidal behaviors: Merging the hopelessness, self-discrepancy, escape theories. In T. E. Joiner and M. D. Rudd, Suicide science: Expanding boundaries.

Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishing Alloy, L. B. Abramson, L. Y. Raniere, D. & Dyller, I.. Research methods in adult psychopathology. In P. C. Kendall, J. N. Butcher, & G. N. Holmbeck, Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology. New York: Wiley Gotlib, I. H. & Abramson, L. Y.. Attributional theories of emotion. In T. Dagleish & M. Power, The handbook of cognition and emotion. Chichester, England: Wiley Panzarella, C. Alloy, L. B. Abramson, L. Y. & Klein, K.. Cognitive contributions to mental illness and mental health. In F. T. Durso, R. S. Nickerson, R. W. Schvaneveldt, S. T. Dumais, & M. T. H. Chi, Handbook of applied cognition. New York: Wiley Abramson, L. Y. Alloy, L. B. & Metalsky, G. I.. Hopelessness depression. In G. Buchanan and M. E. P. Seligman, Explanatory style. Hillsdale, N. J.: Erlbaum Abramon, L. Y. Metalsky, G. I. & Alloy, L. B.. Hopelessness. In C. G. Costello, Symptoms of depression. New York: Wiley Rose, D. T. & Abramson, L. Y.. Developmental predictors of depressive cognitive style: Research and theory. In D. Cicchetti and S. Toth, Rochester Symposium on Developmental

Sally Peake is a British track and field athlete who specialises in the pole vault. She has a personal best of 4.40 m for the event, a Welsh record. She was the silver medallist in the pole vault at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Peake is a two-time British champion, she has represented Great Britain at the 2011 Summer Universiade and the 2012 European Athletics Championships, as well as having competed for Wales at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. In addition to her pole vaulting career, she is a physiotherapist for the Football Association of Wales. Born in Chester, Peake competed in gymnastics but gave up the sport in favour of track and field as she grew older, she joined Liverpool Harriers and focused on triple jump and long jump during her early years at the club. She was the 2005 Welsh junior champion in the triple jump and won the 2006 Welsh indoor title in a personal best of 12.28 m. She struggled to progress in the events and took up pole vaulting at the end of 2008. In 2007, she graduated from Cardiff University with a first-class honours science degree and continued to specialise in physiotherapy.

The 2009 season marked her first full year of pole vault competition and she set a best of 3.60 m. She cleared four metres for the first time in June 2010; this gained her selection for the Welsh team for the 2010 Commonwealth Games and at the event in New Delhi she placed ninth with a mark of 3.95 m. she has a personal best of 4.40m in pole vault In 2011, she moved to Loughborough to be closer to her coach Scott Simpson. That year she placed third at the UK Athletics Indoor Championships and won the Welsh outdoor title with a vault of 4.30 m. She narrowly missed the podium with a fourth-place finish at the British Athletics Championships. Peake matched that finish on her international debut at the Universiade in Shenzhen, clearing a new best of 4.35 m in the final. With her sights on a place at the 2012 London Olympics, she signed up with Birchfield Harriers andcontinued to improve the following year, achieving a height of 4.42 m on the Perche Élite Tour in February. She retained her Welsh title and was runner-up at the British Olympic trials, but did not achieve the qualifying "A" standard, set at four and a half metres.

Her senior debut at the 2012 European Athletics Championships followed and she competed in the qualifying only. The peak of her 2013 season was a win at the British Athletics Championships where—in the absence of Bleasdale—she won with a height of 4.23 m. She competed at her first IAAF Diamond League event, vaulting at the London Anniversary Games and placing eighth, she did not compete internationally that year. She placed third at the 2014 British Indoor Championships before going on to win the British outdoor title for a second year running, she was beaten by Northern Ireland's Zoe Brown at the Welsh Open Championships, but was still selected for Wales at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Prior to the competition, she set an outdoor best of 4.40 m at the Glasgow Grand Prix test event. At the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow she won her first international medal, clearing 4.25 m in wet conditions to take the silver medal for Wales. Pole vault – 4.40 m Pole vault indoor – 4.42 m Long jump – 5.87 m Triple jump – 12.05 m Triple jump indoor – 12.21 m Sally Peake at World Athletics